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梁書卷第十五列傳第九
Book of Liang, Volume 15, Biographies 9
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謝朏弟子覽
Xie Fei; his nephew Lan
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謝朏字敬沖，陳郡陽夏人也。 祖弘微，宋太常卿，父莊，右光祿大夫，並有名前代。 朏幼聰慧，莊器之，常置左右。 年十歲，能屬文。 莊游土山賦詩，使朏命篇，朏攬筆便就。 琅邪王景文謂莊曰：「賢子足稱神童，復爲後來特達。」 莊笑，因撫朏背曰：「真吾家千金。」 孝武帝游姑孰，勑莊攜朏從駕，詔使爲《洞井贊》，於坐奏之。 帝曰：「雖小，奇童也。」
Xie Fei, styled Jingchong, came from Yangxia in Chen commandery. His grandfather Hongwei had been Song grand minister of ceremonies; his father Zhuang, right grand master of splendid happiness—both were celebrated in earlier ages. Fei was bright as a boy; Zhuang prized him and never let him leave his side. At ten he could write finished prose. When Zhuang toured Mount Tu and wrote verse, he gave Fei the theme; Fei took brush and finished on the spot. Prince Jing of Langye, Wang Jingwen, told Zhuang, "Your worthy son may be called a wonder child—a singular talent still to come." Zhuang laughed, stroked Fei's back, and said, "Truly the thousand gold of our house." Emperor Xiaowu toured Gudu, ordered Zhuang to bring Fei in the train, and commanded an "Ode on the Cave Well," which Fei presented in the hall. The emperor said, "Small as he is, a wonder child."
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起家撫軍法曹行參軍，遷太子舍人，以父憂去職。 服闋，復爲舍人，歷中書郎，衛將軍袁粲長史。 粲性簡峻，罕通賓客，時人方之李膺。 朏謁旣退，粲曰：「謝令不死。」 尋遷給事黃門侍郎。 出爲臨川內史，以賄見劾，案經袁粲，粲寢之。
He began as pacifying-army acting staff officer, became crown prince attendant, and left office for his father's mourning. When mourning ended he was again attendant, then palace secretariat gentleman and chief of staff to guard general Yuan Can. Can was austere and rarely received guests; contemporaries likened him to Li Ying. When Fei's visit ended, Can said, "Commander Xie is not dead." Soon he rose to attendant and yellow gate gentleman. He went out as Linchuan interior magistrate; bribery charges reached Yuan Can, who buried the case.
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齊高帝爲驃騎將軍輔政，選朏爲長史，勑與河南褚炫、濟陽江斅、彭城劉俁俱入侍宋帝，時號爲天子四友。 續拜侍中，並掌中書、散騎二省詔冊。 高帝進太尉，又以朏爲長史，帶南東海太守。 高帝方圖禪代，思佐命之臣，以朏有重名，深所欽屬。 論魏、晉故事，因曰：「晉革命時事久兆，石苞不早勸晉文，死方慟哭，方之馮異，非知機也。」 朏答曰：「昔魏臣有勸魏武卽帝位者，魏武曰：『如有用我，其爲周文王乎！』 晉文世事魏氏，將必身終北面； 假使魏早依唐虞故事，亦當三讓彌高。」 帝不悅。 更引王儉爲左長史，以朏侍中，領秘書監。 及齊受禪，朏當日在直，百僚陪位，侍中當解璽，朏佯不知，曰：「有何公事？」 傳詔云：「解璽授齊王。」 朏曰：「齊自應有侍中。」 乃引枕臥。 傳詔懼，乃使稱疾，欲取兼人。 朏曰：「我無疾，何所道。」 遂朝服，步出東掖門，乃得車，仍還宅。 是日遂以王儉爲侍中解璽。 旣而武帝言於高帝，請誅朏。 帝曰：「殺之則遂成其名，正應容之度外耳。」 遂廢于家。
Qi Emperor Gao, as regent rapid-cavalry general, made Fei his chief of staff and sent him with Chu Xuan of Henan, Jiang Jiao of Jiyang, and Liu Hou of Pengcheng to attend the Song emperor—men called them the Son of Heaven's Four Friends. He was further made attendant-in-ordinary and jointly managed secretariat and scattered-cavalry edicts. When Gao became grand marshal, he again made Fei chief of staff with Southern Donghai prefect in addition. Gao was plotting the abdication and wanted ministers to crown the change; Fei's great name made Gao admire and lean on him. Discussing Wei and Jin precedents, he said, "When Jin took the mandate the omen was old; Shi Bao did not urge Wen of Jin in time—he wept only at death. Set beside Feng Yi, that is not reading the hour." Fei answered, "Of old a Wei minister urged Martial Emperor of Wei to take the throne; Martial Emperor said, 'If Heaven would use me, would I not be King Wen of Zhou! Wen of Jin served the house of Wei and was bound to end his days facing north; had Wei early followed Yao and Shun, he would still have yielded three times to the utmost height." The emperor was displeased. He brought in Wang Jian as left chief of staff and kept Fei as attendant-in-ordinary directing the imperial library. When Qi received the abdication, Fei was on duty; the hundred officials took their stations; the attendant-in-ordinary should unseal the seal. Fei played ignorant and said, "What business is there?" The relay edict said, "Unseal and hand it to the King of Qi." Fei said, "Qi ought to have its own attendant-in-ordinary." He fetched a pillow and lay down. The relay messenger panicked and had him claim illness to bring in a stand-in. Fei said, "I am not ill; what is there to report?" He dressed in court robes, walked out the eastern side gate, found a carriage, and went home. That day Wang Jian was made attendant-in-ordinary to unseal the seal. Soon Emperor Wu of Qi spoke to Gao and asked to kill Fei. Gao said, "Kill him and you make his name; better to spare him beyond the pale." He was dismissed and kept at home.
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永明元年，起家拜通直散騎常侍，累遷侍中，領國子博士。 五年，出爲冠軍將軍、義興太守，加秩中二千石。 在郡不省雜事，悉付綱紀，曰：「吾不能作主者吏，但能作太守耳。」 視事三年，徵都官尚書、中書令。 隆昌元年，復爲侍中，領新安王師。 未拜，固求外出。 仍爲征虜將軍、吳興太守，受召便述職。 時明帝謀入嗣位，朝之舊臣皆引參謀策。 朏內圖止足，且實避事。 弟𤅢，時爲吏部尚書。 朏至郡，致𤅢數斛酒，遺書曰：「可力飲此，勿豫人事。」 朏居郡每不治，而常務聚斂，衆頗譏之，亦不屑也。
In Yongming's first year he began as regular palace attendant-in-ordinary, rose to attendant-in-ordinary, and led the national university as erudite. In the fifth year he went out as champion general and Yixing prefect with middle two-thousand-bushel rank. In the commandery he ignored routine business and gave it all to clerks, saying, "I cannot be the clerk in charge—I can only be the prefect." After three years he was recalled as director of the court offices and palace secretariat director. In Longchang's first year he was again attendant-in-ordinary, leading tutor to the prince of Xin'an. Before investiture he begged hard to go out on assignment. He was still made general who punishes barbarians and Wu-xing prefect; summoned, he took office at once. Mingdi was then plotting to enter the succession; old courtiers were all drawn into counsel. Fei inwardly sought enough and truly meant to avoid affairs. His brother Yin was then director of the ministry of personnel. At the commandery he sent Yin several piculs of wine with a letter: "Drink this hard; keep out of men's business." In the commandery Fei seldom governed yet always gathered revenue; many mocked him, and he did not care.
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建武四年，詔徵爲侍中、中書令，遂抗表不應召。 遣諸子還京師，獨與母留，築室郡之西郭。 明帝下詔曰：「夫超然榮觀，風流自遠； 蹈彼幽人，英華罕值。 故長揖楚相，見稱南國； 高謝漢臣，取貴良史。 新除侍中、中書令朏，早藉羽儀，夙標清尚，登朝樹績，出守馳聲。 遂斂跡康衢，拂衣林沚，抱箕潁之餘芳，甘憔悴而無悶。 撫事懷人，載留欽想。 宜加優禮，用旌素概。 可賜床帳褥席，俸以卿祿，常出在所。」 時國子祭酒廬江何胤亦抗表還會稽。 永元二年，詔徵朏爲散騎常侍、中書監，胤爲散騎常侍、太常卿，並不屈。 三年，又詔徵朏爲侍中、太子少傅，胤散騎常侍、太子詹事。 時東昏皆下在所，使迫遣之，值義師已近，故並得不到。
In Jianwu's fourth year an edict summoned him as attendant-in-ordinary and palace secretariat director; he memorialized and refused. He sent his sons to the capital, stayed alone with his mother, and built a house west of the commandery wall. Mingdi issued an edict: "To stand beyond glory is to see the world from far off; to walk the hermit's way is to bloom in solitude. hence the long bow of the Chu minister won praise in the southern states; the Han worthy's lofty refusal won honor from fine historians. The newly appointed attendant-in-ordinary and palace secretariat director Fei long wore court insignia and from youth bore a clear name; in court he built merit, abroad he made his name heard. Then he gathered his steps from the broad highway and shook dust from forest robes, keeping the after-scent of Jiqian and Ying, glad in lean exile without regret. Hearing his story, one keeps him in honored thought. Let added courtesy mark his plain integrity. Grant bed curtains and padded mats, salary at minister rank, always sent to his dwelling." At that time national university chancellor He Yin of Lujiang also memorialized to return to Kuaiji. In Yongyuan's second year an edict summoned Fei as regular palace attendant-in-ordinary and imperial library director, and Yin as regular palace attendant-in-ordinary and grand minister of ceremonies—neither came. In the third year another edict summoned Fei as attendant-in-ordinary and junior tutor to the crown prince, and Yin as regular palace attendant-in-ordinary and crown prince household superintendent. By then Emperor Donghun was confined at the palace; messengers were sent to hurry them, but the righteous army was already near, so neither was reached.
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及高祖平京邑，進位相國，表請朏、胤曰：「夫窮則獨善，達以兼濟。 雖出處之道，其揆不同，用舍惟時，賢哲是蹈。 前新除侍中、太子少傅朏，前新除散騎常侍、太子詹事、都亭侯胤，羽儀世胄，徽猷冠冕，道業德聲，康濟雅俗。 昔居朝列，素無宦情，賓客簡通，公卿罕預，簪紱未褫，而風塵擺落。 且文宗儒肆，互居其長； 清規雅裁，兼擅其美。 並達照深識，預睹亂萌，見庸質之如初，知貽厥之無寄。 拂衣東山，眇絕塵軌。 雖解組昌運，實避昏時。 家膺鼎食，而甘茲橡艾； 世襲青紫，而安此懸鶉。 自澆風肇扇，用南成俗，淳流素軌，餘烈頗存。 誰其激貪，功歸有道，康俗振民，朝野一致。 雖在江海，而勳同魏闕。 今泰運甫開，賤貧爲恥； 況乎久蘊瑚璉，暫厭承明，而可得求志海隅，永追松子。 臣負荷殊重，參贊萬機，寔賴羣才，共成棟幹。 思挹清源，取鏡止水。 愚欲屈居僚首，朝夕諮諏，庶足以翼宣寡薄，式是王度。 請並補臣府軍諮祭酒，朏加後將軍。」 並不至。
When Gaozu pacified the capital and advanced to chancellor of state, he memorialized for Fei and Yin, saying, "In want one keeps to oneself; risen, one aids all. Though the way of going out and staying in differs in measure, use and refusal follow the hour, and the wise tread it. The former newly appointed attendant-in-ordinary and junior tutor to the crown prince Fei, and the former newly appointed regular palace attendant-in-ordinary, crown prince household superintendent, and marquis of Duting Yin—feathered heirs of noble lines, emblem bearers of the crown, conduct and fame a balm to refined custom. In former days at court they had no taste for office; guests were few and grandees rarely met; rank sashes were not yet off when turmoil's dust brushed them away. One was master of the Confucian grove; the other combined elegant rule with refined judgment. Each saw deep and judged early, foresaw chaos sprouting, knew vulgar quality at first glance, and knew there was nothing to pass to heirs. They shook out robes on the eastern hills and cut dust from their tracks. Though they surrendered seals in a prosperous age, they truly fled a benighted time. Families that ate from the tripod yet savored oak and mugwort; lineages that inherited purple and blue yet rested easy as hanging quail. Since the shallow wind first stirred, the south became custom; the pure current and plain track still had force left. Who stirs against greed—the merit returns to the Way; who revives custom and lifts the people makes court and countryside one. Though they dwelt by rivers and sea, their merit matched the Wei audience hall. Now the great fortune is just opening; to be poor and low is shame; how much more those who long harbored jade and ritual vessels, who for a time loathed the Bright Hall—can they seek their will at the sea's edge and forever chase Master Chizi? Your servant bears a singular burden and shares in the myriad affairs of state; he truly relies on many talents to raise the roof beam together. He wishes to draw from the clear spring and take still water as mirror. He wishes to bend them to the first rank among his staff, to consult morning and evening, that they may help spread his thin virtue and shape the kingly measure. Request that both be appointed military affairs adviser and libation officer in your servant's chancellery, with Fei additionally made rear general." Neither came.
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高祖踐阼，徵朏爲侍中、左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，胤散騎常侍、特進、右光祿大夫，又並不屈。 仍遣領軍司馬王果宣旨敦譬。 明年六月，朏輕舟出，詣闕自陳。 旣至，詔以爲侍中、司徒、尚書令。 朏辭腳疾不堪拜謁，乃角巾肩輿，詣雲龍門謝。 詔見於華林園，乘小車就席。 明旦，輿駕出幸朏宅，醼語盡歡。 朏固陳本志，不許； 因請自還東迎母，乃許之。 臨發，輿駕復臨幸，賦詩餞別。 王人送迎，相望於道。 到京師，勑材官起府於舊宅，高祖臨軒，遣謁者於府拜授，詔停諸公事及朔望朝謁。
When Gaozu took the throne, Fei was summoned as attendant-in-ordinary, left grand master of splendid happiness, and bearer of the golden halberd with protocol equal to the three excellencies; Yin as regular palace attendant-in-ordinary, special grandee, and right grand master of splendid happiness—they again both refused. Palace guard staff officer Wang Guo was again sent to convey the edict with earnest persuasion. The next year, in the sixth month, Fei took a light boat and came to the palace to report in person. On arrival an edict made him attendant-in-ordinary, grand marshal, and director of the masters of writing. Fei pleaded leg ailment and could not kneel in audience; he wore kerchief and rode a shoulder carriage to Cloud Dragon Gate to give thanks. An edict received him in Hualin Garden; he sat in a small carriage at the mat. Next morning the imperial carriage visited Fei's house; they feasted and talked in full joy. Fei firmly stated his original intent; the emperor would not allow it; he then asked to go east himself to fetch his mother, and permission was granted. On the eve of departure the imperial carriage again visited, composing poetry to see him off. Court envoys went out and escorted him back—processions met on the road. On reaching the capital, an order had the materiel office raise a mansion at his old residence; the emperor came to the front hall and sent an usher to the mansion to invest him; an edict suspended all public business and new-moon and full-moon audiences.
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子諼，官至司徒右長史，坐殺牛免官，卒於家。 次子篹，頗有文才，仕至晉安太守，卒官。
His son Xuan rose to right chief of staff of the grand marshal; dismissed for killing an ox, he died at home. His second son Sao had considerable literary gift, served to Jin'an prefect, and died in office.
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覽爲人美風神，善辭令，高祖深器之。 嘗侍座，受敕與侍中王暕爲詩答贈。 其文甚工。 高祖善之，仍使重作，復合旨。 乃賜詩云：「雙文旣後進，二少實名家； 豈伊止棟隆，信乃俱國華。」 以母憂去職。 服闋，除中庶子，又掌吏部郎事，尋除吏部郎，遷侍中。 覽頗樂酒，因醼席與散騎常侍蕭琛辭相詆毀，爲有司所奏。 高祖以覽年少不直，出爲中權長史。 頃之，敕掌東宮管記，遷明威將軍、新安太守。
Lan had a handsome presence and gift for speech; the Founding Emperor prized him greatly. Once in attendance he was ordered, with Attendant Wang Jian, to compose answering verse for a gift exchange. The piece was finely wrought. The Emperor approved and asked for another; again it fit the wish. He granted a poem: "Twin Wen are latecomers yet rising; both young men are true great clans; could they only lift the ridgebeam? Surely both are the realm's finest blossoms." He left his post for mourning his mother. After mourning he became heir-apparent companion, handled Personnel bureau director duties, soon became director, then attendant. Lan loved wine; at a feast he and Regular Attendant Xiao Chen traded insults, and the authorities memorialized against them. The Emperor, holding Lan young and not upright, sent him out as Central Guards chief clerk. Soon he was ordered to keep Eastern Palace records, promoted Bright Might general and Xin'an administrator.
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九年夏，山賊吳承伯破宣城郡，餘黨散入新安，叛吏鮑敘等與合，攻沒黟、歙諸縣，進兵擊覽。 覽遣郡丞周興嗣于錦沙立塢拒戰，不敵，遂棄郡奔會稽。 臺軍平山寇，覽復還郡，左遷司徒諮議參軍、仁威長史、行南徐州事，五兵尚書。 尋遷吏部尚書。 覽自祖至孫，三世居選部，當世以爲榮。
In the ninth year's summer, bandit Wu Chengbo broke Xuancheng; survivors fled into Xin'an; rebel clerks Bao Xu and others joined, took Yi and She, and marched on Lan. Lan sent assistant Zhou Xingsi to fortify Jinsha and fight; defeated, he abandoned the commandery and fled to Kuaiji. When the army pacified the bandits, Lan returned; then he was demoted to Masters of Works adviser, Humaneness and Might chief clerk, acting South Xuzhou, and Five Armaments minister. Soon he became minister of personnel. From grandfather through grandson, three generations held the personnel bureau—the age took it for honor.
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十二年春，出爲吳興太守。 中書舍人黃睦之家居烏程，子弟專橫，前太守皆折節事之。 覽未到郡，睦之子弟來迎，覽逐去其船，杖吏爲通者。 自是睦之家杜門不出，不敢與公私關通。 郡境多劫，爲東道患，覽下車肅然，一境清謐。 初，齊明帝及覽父綍、東海徐孝嗣，並爲吳興，號稱名守，覽皆欲過之！ 昔覽在新安頗聚斂，至是遂稱廉潔，時人方之王懷祖。 卒于官，時年三十七。 詔贈中書令。 子罕，早卒。
In the twelfth year's spring he went out as Wuxing administrator. Secretariat gentleman Huang Muzhi's house was in Wucheng; his kin bullied the circuit, and every prior administrator bowed to them. Before Lan arrived, Muzhi's kin came to meet him; he drove off their boats and whipped the clerks who had let them through. After that Muzhi's clan stayed indoors and dared no public or private traffic. Robbery was rife and troubled the eastern roads; when Lan took office the whole district grew orderly and still. Once Qi Mingdi, Lan's father Di, and Donghai's Xu Xiaosi had all ruled Wuxing as famed administrators—Lan meant to outdo them all! Once in Xin'an he had been grasping; now he was called incorrupt, and the age compared him to Wang Huainzu. He died in office at thirty-seven. He was posthumously made palace library director. His son Han died early.
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陳吏部尚書姚察曰：謝朏之於宋代，蓋忠義者歟？ 當齊建武之世，拂衣止足，永元多難，確然獨善，其疏、蔣之流乎。 洎高祖龍興，旁求物色，角巾來仕，首陟台司，極出處之致矣！ 覽終能善政，君子韙之。 [1]
Chen Minister of Personnel Yao Cha said: Was Xie Fei, in Song times, a man of loyalty and righteousness? In Qi Jianwu he held back his robes; amid Yongyuan's troubles he stood alone in the good—one of Shu and Jiang's kind? When Gaozu rose, he searched widely; Fei came in plain kerchief and first reached the high ministries—the full arc of public life! Lan could govern well to the end; gentlemen praised it. [1] Editorial footnote marker.
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全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。
The full text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Liang (May 1973).