Volume 30: Pei Ziye; Gu Xie; Xu Chi; Bao Quan

梁書卷第三十列傳第二十四

Book of Liang, Volume 30, Biography 24

裴子野

Pei Ziye

裴子野字幾原，河東聞喜人，晉太子左率康八世孫。兄黎，弟楷、綽，並有盛名，所謂「四裴」也。曾祖松之，宋太中大夫。祖駰，南中郎外兵參軍。父昭明，通直散騎常侍。

Pei Ziye, styled Jiyuan, came from Wenxi in Hedong and was the eighth-generation descendant of Pei Kang, who had served Jin as Left Commander of the Heirs Apparent. His elder brother Li and his younger brothers Kai and Chuo were all famous, and together they were known as the "Four Peis." His great-grandfather Pei Songzhi had been a Grand Master of the Palace under the Song. His grandfather Pei Yin had served as External Army Aide to the Southern Central Commandant. His father Pei Zhaoming had been Regular Attendant of the Unimpeded Cavalry.

子野生而偏孤，爲祖母所養，年九歲，祖母亡，泣血哀慟，家人異之。少好學，善屬文。起家齊武陵王國左常侍，右軍江夏王參軍，遭父憂去職。居喪盡禮，每之墓所，哭泣處草爲之枯，有白兔馴擾其側。天監初，尚書僕射范雲嘉其行，將表奏之，會雲卒，不果。樂安任昉有盛名，爲後進所慕，遊其門者，昉必相薦達。子野於昉爲從中表，獨不至，昉亦恨焉。久之，除右軍安成王參軍，俄遷兼廷尉正。時三官通署獄牒，子野嘗不在，同僚輒署其名，奏有不允，子野從坐免職。或勸言諸有司，可得無咎。子野笑而答曰：「雖慚柳季之道，豈因訟以受服。」自此免黜久之，終無恨意。

Ziye lost his father early and was raised by his grandmother. When she died, he was only nine, yet he mourned her so bitterly that he wept blood; his family marveled at it. As a youth he loved study and was accomplished at writing. He entered service under Qi as Left Regular Attendant in the Kingdom of Prince Wuling and as an aide to the Prince of Jiangxia in the Right Army, then resigned when his father died. He observed mourning to the letter. Each time he visited the grave, the grass withered beneath his weeping, and a white hare would come and linger tamely beside him. Early in the Tianjian era, Vice Director of the Secretariat Fan Yun admired his conduct and was about to recommend him to the throne, but Yun died before he could carry it out. Ren Fang of Le'an was widely famous, and younger scholars looked up to him. He always recommended and advanced those who sought him out. Ziye was Fang's cousin on his mother's side, yet he alone never called on him, and Fang bore a grudge for it. After some time he was appointed aide to the Prince of Ancheng in the Right Army, and soon afterward was made concurrent Director of the Court of Justice. At that time the three bureaus jointly countersigned prison documents. Once when Ziye was away, a colleague signed his name in his place; when the memorial was rejected, Ziye was dismissed as an accomplice. Some urged him to plead his case before the authorities so that he might escape punishment. Ziye smiled and replied, "Though I may fall short of Liu Ji's example, I would not put on mourning merely because of a lawsuit." From then on he remained out of office for a long time, yet he never bore a grudge.

二年，吳平侯蕭景爲南兗州刺史，引爲冠軍錄事，府遷職解。時中書范縝與子野未遇，聞其行業而善焉。會遷國子博士，乃上表讓之曰：「伏見前冠軍府錄事參軍河東裴子野，年四十，字幾原，幼稟至人之行，長厲國士之風。居喪有禮，毀瘠幾滅，免憂之外，蔬水不進。棲遲下位，身賤名微，而性不憛憛，情無汲汲，是以有識嗟推，州閭嘆服。且家傳素業，世習儒史，苑囿經籍，遊息文藝。著《宋略》二十卷，彌綸首尾，勒成一代，屬辭比事，有足觀者。且章句洽悉，訓故可傳。脫置之膠庠，以弘獎後進，庶一夔之辯可尋，三豕之疑無謬矣。伏惟皇家淳耀，多士盈庭，官人邁乎有媯，棫朴越於姬氏，苟片善宜錄，無論厚薄，一介可求，不由等級。臣歷觀古今人君，欽賢好善，未有聖朝孜孜若是之至也。敢緣斯義，輕陳愚瞽，乞以臣斯忝，回授子野。如此，則賢否之宜，各全其所，訊之物議，誰曰不允。臣與子野雖未嘗銜杯，訪之邑裏，差非虛謬，不勝慺慺微見，冒昧陳聞。伏願陛下哀憐悾款，鑒其愚實，干犯之諐，乞垂赦宥。」有司以資歷非次，弗爲通。尋除尚書比部郎，仁威記室參軍。出爲諸暨令，在縣不行鞭罰，民有爭者，示之以理，百姓稱悅，合境無訟。

In the second year, Marquis of Ping of Wu Xiao Jing became regional inspector of South Yanzhou and took Ziye on as recorder for the Champion General; when the headquarters was transferred, the appointment ended. At that time Fan Zhen of the Secretariat had not yet met Ziye, but having heard of his conduct and accomplishments, he thought well of him. When he was appointed Erudite of the Imperial Academy, he submitted a memorial yielding the post to another, saying: "I have observed the former recorder of the Champion General's headquarters, Pei Ziye of Hedong, age forty, styled Jiyuan, who from youth embodied the conduct of a sage and in maturity cultivated the bearing of a true gentleman of the state. In mourning he observed every rite to the point of wasting away; even after the mourning period ended, he would take in neither vegetables nor water. He lingered in humble office, obscure and of little renown, yet his nature was never restless and his heart never grasping; men of discernment praised and recommended him, and his neighbors marveled at him. His family has handed down its scholarly calling for generations, and he has long practiced Confucian learning and history, ranging through the classics and finding his recreation in literature and the arts. He has written the Song Summary in twenty juan, spanning a whole age from beginning to end; in arranging words and comparing events, it is well worth reading. His commentarial passages are thorough, and his glosses on ancient terms are fit to be handed down. If he were placed in the Academy to encourage younger scholars, perhaps the discernment of a Kui might be found again and errors like the "three pigs" would never arise. Your Majesty's house shines with pure brilliance, and talented men fill the court. Its officials surpass those of the age of Gui, and its supply of able men exceeds that of the Zhou. If even the slightest merit deserves record, without regard to high or low station, a single worthy man may be sought without regard to rank. Your servant has surveyed rulers ancient and modern who honored the worthy and loved goodness, yet none has matched the diligence of this sacred court. Venturing on this principle, I humbly set forth my dull counsel and beg that the post your unworthy servant now holds may be transferred to Ziye. If it were so, the worthy and the unworthy would each occupy their proper place, and if one asked public opinion, who would call it unjust? Your servant and Ziye have never shared a cup together, yet inquiring in the district, what is said of him is not greatly exaggerated. Unable to restrain my earnest sincerity, I venture this slight view and presumptuously lay it before Your Majesty. I bow my head and hope Your Majesty will pity my sincere earnestness, discern my foolish honesty, and extend pardon for this presumptuous offense." The relevant offices, holding that his qualifications were out of order, did not approve the request. Soon afterward he was appointed Lang of the Comparison Bureau in the Secretariat and recorder for Prince Renwei. He was sent out as magistrate of Zhuji. In the county he never used the lash or fines; when the people quarreled, he showed them reason, and they praised him with joy — throughout the whole district there were no lawsuits.

初，子野曾祖松之，宋元嘉中受詔續修何承天《宋史》，未及成而卒，子野常欲繼成先業。及齊永明末，沈約所撰《宋書》旣行，子野更刪撰爲《宋略》二十卷。其敘事評論多善，約見而歎曰：「吾弗逮也。」蘭陵蕭琛、北地傅昭、汝南周捨咸稱重之。至是，吏部尚書徐勉言之於高祖，以爲著作郎，掌國史及起居注。頃之，兼中書通事舍人，尋除通直正員郎，著作、舍人如故。又敕掌中書詔誥。是時西北徼外有白題及滑國，遣使由岷山道入貢。此二國歷代弗賓，莫知所出。子野曰：「漢潁陰侯斬胡白題將一人。服虔《注》云：『白題，胡名也。』又漢定遠侯擊虜，八滑從之，此其後乎。」時人服其博識。敕仍使撰《方國使圖》，廣述懷來之盛，自要服至于海表，凡二十國。

Earlier, Ziye's great-grandfather Pei Songzhi, in the Yuanjia era of Song, had received an edict to continue He Chengtian's History of Song, but died before finishing it; Ziye had long wished to complete his ancestor's work. By the end of the Yongming era of Qi, Shen Yue's History of Song had already appeared; Ziye then abridged and rewrote it as the Song Summary in twenty juan. Its narrative and commentary were largely excellent. When Shen Yue saw it he sighed and said, "I do not match him." Xiao Chen of Lanling, Fu Zhao of Beidi, and Zhou She of Runan all spoke highly of it. At this time Director of the Ministry of Personnel Xu Mian spoke of him to Emperor Wu, who appointed him Lang of Composition, in charge of the national history and the records of the ruler's movements. Before long he was made concurrent Attendant of General Affairs in the Secretariat; soon afterward he was appointed Regular Attendant of the Unimpeded, while retaining his posts as Lang of Composition and Attendant. He was also ordered to take charge of edicts and proclamations in the Secretariat. At that time beyond the northwestern frontier were the states of Baiti and Hua, which sent envoys along the Minshan route to offer tribute. These two states had never submitted in any dynasty, and no one knew where they came from. Ziye said, "In Han, the Marquis of Yingyin beheaded a Baiti general of the Hu. Fu Qian's commentary says, 'Baiti is a Hu name.' Moreover, in Han the Marquis of Dingyuan attacked the barbarians, and the Eight Hua followed him — are these their descendants?" Men of the time admired his erudition. He was further ordered to compose the Atlas of Envoys from the Border States, broadly describing the splendor of those who came in allegiance, from the inner domains to beyond the seas — twenty states in all.

子野與沛國劉顯、南陽劉之遴、陳郡殷芸、陳留阮孝緒、吳郡顧協、京兆韋棱，皆博極羣書，深相賞好，顯尤推重之。時吳平侯蕭勱、范陽張纘，每討論墳籍，咸折中於子野焉。普通七年，王師北伐，敕子野爲喻魏文，受詔立成，高祖以其事體大，召尚書僕射徐勉、太子詹事周捨、鴻臚卿劉之遴、中書侍郎朱异，集壽光殿以觀之，時並嘆服。高祖目子野而言曰：「其形雖弱，其文甚壯。」俄又敕爲書喻魏相元乂，其夜受旨，子野謂可待旦方奏，未之爲也。及五鼓，敕催令開齋速上，子野徐起操筆，昧爽便就。旣奏，高祖深嘉焉。自是凡諸符檄，皆令草創。子野爲文典而速，不尚麗靡之詞。其制作多法古，與今文體異，當時或有詆訶者，及其末皆翕然重之。或問其爲文速者，子野答云：「人皆成於手，我獨成於心，雖有見否之異，其於刊改一也。」

Ziye, together with Liu Xian of Peiguo, Liu Zhilin of Nanyang, Yin Yun of Chen commandery, Ruan Xiaoxu of Chenliu, Gu Xie of Wu commandery, and Wei Leng of Jingzhao, had all read exhaustively and were close friends; Xian especially esteemed him. At that time Marquis of Ping of Wu Xiao Mai and Zhang Zuan of Fanyang, whenever they discussed the classics and histories, would all defer to Ziye's judgment. In the seventh year of Putong, the imperial army marched north, and Ziye was ordered to compose a letter admonishing Wei. He received the edict and finished it at once. Because the matter was weighty, Emperor Wu summoned Vice Director of the Secretariat Xu Mian, Supervisor of the Heir Apparent Zhou She, Minister of Ceremonies Liu Zhilin, and Vice Director of the Secretariat Zhu Yi to gather in the Shouguang Hall to read it; all marveled at it. Emperor Wu looked at Ziye and said, "His body may be slight, but his writing is very strong." Soon afterward he was again ordered to compose a letter admonishing Yuan Yi, chief minister of Wei. That night he received the command; Ziye thought he could wait until dawn before presenting it and did not yet write it. By the fifth watch an edict urged him to break his fast and submit it quickly. Ziye rose slowly, took up his brush, and by first light it was finished. Once it was presented, Emperor Wu praised it highly. From then on, all proclamations and dispatches were entrusted to him for drafting. Ziye wrote in a classical style and with great speed; he did not favor ornate and florid language. His compositions largely followed ancient models and differed from contemporary style; some criticized them at the time, but by the end of his life all came to value them. When someone asked about his swift writing, Ziye answered, "Others complete their work with the hand; I alone complete mine in the mind. Though there is a difference between seeing and not seeing, revision is the same either way."

俄遷中書侍郎，餘如故。大通元年，轉鴻臚卿，尋領步兵校尉。子野在禁省十餘年，靜默自守，未嘗有所請謁，外家及中表貧乏，所得俸悉分給之。無宅，借官地二畝，起茅屋數間。妻子恒苦饑寒，唯以教誨爲本，子侄祗畏，若奉嚴君。末年深信釋氏，持其教戒，終身飯麥食蔬。中大通二年，卒官，年六十二。

Soon he was transferred to Vice Director of the Secretariat; his other posts remained unchanged. In the first year of Datong he was made Minister of Ceremonies, and soon afterward was placed in command as Colonel of the Footsoldiers. Ziye served in the inner offices for more than ten years, quiet and self-restrained, never making requests or visits. His maternal kin and cousins on his mother's side were poor, and he gave all his salary to them. He had no house of his own and borrowed two mu of government land on which to build a few thatched huts. His wife and children constantly suffered hunger and cold; he took teaching and admonition as his foundation, and his sons and nephews revered him as if he were a stern father. In his later years he became a devout Buddhist, kept its precepts, and for the rest of his life ate only barley and vegetables. In the second year of Zhongdatong he died in office at the age of sixty-two.

先是子野自剋死期，不過庚戌歲。是年自省移病，謂同官劉之亨曰：「吾其逝矣。」遺命儉約，務在節制。高祖悼惜，爲之流涕。詔曰：「鴻臚卿、領步兵校尉、知著作郎、兼中書通事舍人裴子野，文史足用，廉白自居，劬勞通事，多歷年所。奄致喪逝，惻愴空懷。可贈散騎常侍，賻錢五萬，布五十匹，卽日舉哀。諡曰貞子。」

Earlier Ziye had fixed his own term of death, saying he would not live past the gengxu year. That year he reported himself ill and withdrew, telling his colleague Liu Zhiheng, "I am about to die." His final instructions were frugal, with restraint in all things. Emperor Wu mourned him deeply and wept for him. An edict said: "Minister of Ceremonies Pei Ziye, who also commanded the Footsoldiers, served as Lang of Composition, and was concurrent Attendant of General Affairs in the Secretariat — his letters and histories were fully adequate, he lived in integrity and purity, and labored diligently in general affairs for many years. Suddenly he has died, and our hearts are filled with sorrow and grief. Let him be posthumously honored as Regular Attendant of the Cavalry, with funeral gifts of fifty thousand cash and fifty bolts of cloth; mourning is to begin this very day. His posthumous title is Zhenzi (Upright)."

子野少時，《集注喪服》、《續裴氏家傳》各二卷，抄合後漢事四十餘卷，又敕撰《衆僧傳》二十卷，《百官九品》二卷，《附益諡法》一卷，《方國使圖》一卷，文集二十卷，並行於世。又欲撰《齊梁春秋》，始草創，未就而卒。子謇，官至通直郎。

In his youth Ziye wrote the Collected Commentary on Mourning Garments and the Continuation of the Pei Family Genealogy, each in two juan, and copied and compiled more than forty juan of Later Han affairs. By edict he also composed the Biographies of the Many Monks in twenty juan, the Nine Ranks of the Hundred Officials in two juan, Supplementary Methods of Posthumous Titles in one juan, the Atlas of Envoys from the Border States in one juan, and a collected works in twenty juan — all of which circulated in his day. He also wished to compose the Spring and Autumn of Qi and Liang, but had only begun the draft when he died without finishing it. His son Pei Jian rose to the office of Attendant of the Unimpeded.

顧協字正禮，吳郡吳人也。晉司空和七世孫。協幼孤，隨母養於外氏。外從祖宋右光祿張永嘗攜內外孫侄游虎丘山，協年數歲，永撫之曰：「兒欲何戲？」協對曰：「兒正欲枕石漱流。」永歎息曰：「顧氏興於此子。」旣長，好學，以精力稱。外氏諸張多賢達有識鑒，從內弟率尤推重焉。

Gu Xie, styled Zhengli, came from Wu in Wu commandery. He was the seventh-generation descendant of Gu He, who had served Jin as Minister of Works. Xie lost his father early and was raised with his mother in his maternal family's household. His maternal great-uncle Zhang Yong, who had served Song as Right Director of the Imperial Secretariat, once took the inner and outer grandsons and nephews to tour Tiger Hill. Xie was only a few years old; Yong stroked him and said, "Child, what would you like to play?" Xie replied, "This child wishes only to pillow himself on stone and rinse his mouth in the stream." Yong sighed and said, "The Gu clan will rise through this child." When he grew up he loved study and was known for his vigor and energy. The Zhangs of his maternal family were mostly worthy and discerning; his cousin on his mother's side, Zhang Shuai, especially esteemed him.

起家揚州議曹從事史，兼太學博士。舉秀才，尚書令沈約覽其策而歎曰：「江左以來，未有此作。」遷安成王國左常侍，兼廷尉正。太尉臨川王聞其名，召掌書記，仍侍西豊侯正德讀。正德爲巴西、梓潼郡，協除所部安都令。未至縣，遭母憂。服闋，出補西陽郡丞。還除北中郎行參軍，復兼廷尉正。久之，出爲廬陵郡丞，未拜。會西豊侯正德爲吳郡，除中軍參軍，領郡五官，遷輕車湘東王參軍事，兼記室。普通六年，正德受詔北討，引爲府錄事參軍，掌書記。

He entered service as a clerk in the deliberation office of Yangzhou and as concurrent Erudite of the Imperial Academy. He was recommended as a cultivated talent. When Director of the Secretariat Shen Yue read his examination essay, he sighed and said, "Since the south of the Yangtze, there has been nothing like this." He was transferred to Left Regular Attendant in the Kingdom of the Prince of Ancheng and made concurrent Director of the Court of Justice. The Defender-in-Chief, Prince of Linchuan, heard his name and summoned him to take charge of records, and he also attended upon Marquis of Feng of the West, Xiao Zhengde, in his studies. Zhengde held the commanderies of Baxi and Zitong; Xie was appointed magistrate of Andu within his jurisdiction. Before he reached the county, his mother died. When mourning ended, he was sent out as assistant administrator of Xiyang commandery. On his return he was appointed acting aide to the Northern Central Commandant and again made concurrent Director of the Court of Justice. After some time he was appointed assistant administrator of Luling commandery but did not assume the post. When Marquis of Feng of the West Zhengde became governor of Wu commandery, Xie was appointed aide in the Central Army and placed in charge of the five officials of the commandery; he was then transferred as aide to the Prince of Xiangdong in the Light Chariots and made concurrent recorder. In the sixth year of Putong, Zhengde received an edict for the northern campaign and took Xie on as recorder of the headquarters, in charge of records.

軍還，會有詔舉士，湘東王表薦協曰：「臣聞貢玉之士，歸之潤山；論珠之人，出於枯岸。是以芻蕘之言，擇於廊廟者也。臣府兼記室參軍吳郡顧協，行稱鄉閭，學兼文武，服膺道素，雅量邃遠，安貧守靜，奉公抗直，傍闕知己，志不自營，年方六十，室無妻子。臣欲言于官人，申其屈滯，協必苦執貞退，立志難奪，可謂東南之遺寶矣。伏惟陛下未明求衣，思賢如渴，爰發明詔，各舉所知。臣識非許、郭，雖無知人之鑒，若守固無言，懼貽蔽賢之咎。昔孔愉表韓績之才，庾亮薦翟湯之德，臣雖未齒二臣，協實無慚兩士。」卽召拜通直散騎侍郎，兼中書通事舍人。累遷步兵校尉，守鴻臚卿，員外散騎常侍，卿、舍人並如故。大同八年，卒，時年七十三。高祖悼惜之，手詔曰：「員外散騎常侍、鴻臚卿、兼中書通事舍人顧協，廉潔自居，白首不衰，久在省闥，內外稱善。奄然殞喪，惻怛之懷，不能已已。傍無近親，彌足哀者。大殮旣畢，卽送其喪柩還鄉，並營冢槨，並皆資給，悉使周辦。可贈散騎常侍，令便舉哀。諡曰溫子。」

When the army returned, an edict called for the recommendation of scholars. The Prince of Xiangdong memorialized recommending Xie, saying, "Your servant has heard that one who offers jade returns to Mount Run; and one who assesses pearls comes forth from a barren shore. That is why the humble words of common folk may be chosen in the halls of state. Your servant's headquarters concurrent recorder Gu Xie of Wu commandery — his conduct is praised throughout his district, his learning embraces both civil and military affairs, he embraces the Way in plain simplicity, his generous spirit runs deep, he is content in poverty and keeps to quiet, serves the public with upright integrity, has no patron at his side, and never seeks his own advantage. He is just sixty, and his household has neither wife nor children. Your servant wished to speak to the officials on his behalf, but Xie would surely cling stubbornly to integrity and withdrawal; his resolve cannot be swayed. He may truly be called a treasure left behind in the southeast. I bow my head and consider that Your Majesty, rising before dawn to seek your robes, thirsts for the worthy as for water, and has therefore issued a bright edict that each should recommend those he knows. Your servant's discernment does not match that of Xu and Guo; though I lack the eye for knowing men, if I kept stubbornly silent I would fear the fault of concealing the worthy. In the past Kong Yu memorialized Han Ji's talent and Yu Liang recommended Zhai Tang's virtue. Your servant, though not equal to those two ministers, finds that Xie would not be shamed before those two gentlemen." He was at once summoned and appointed Attendant of the Unimpeded Cavalry and made concurrent Attendant of General Affairs in the Secretariat. He was repeatedly promoted to Colonel of the Footsoldiers, acting Minister of Ceremonies, and Extraordinary Regular Attendant of the Cavalry; his posts as minister and attendant remained unchanged. In the eighth year of Datong he died at the age of seventy-three. Emperor Wu mourned him deeply and wrote in his own hand: "Extraordinary Regular Attendant of the Cavalry Gu Xie, who also served as Minister of Ceremonies and concurrent Attendant of General Affairs in the Secretariat — he lived in integrity and purity, which did not fade even in old age. Long in the inner offices, he was praised within and without. Suddenly he has died, and sorrow in my breast cannot cease. He has no close kin at his side — this makes the grief all the greater. Once the encoffinment is complete, send his bier back to his native place at once, provide for his tomb and coffin, supply everything needed, and have it all fully arranged. Let him be posthumously honored as Regular Attendant of the Cavalry, and let mourning begin at once. His posthumous title is Wenzi (Gentle)."

協少清介有志操。初爲廷尉正，冬服單薄，寺卿蔡法度謂人曰：「我願解身上襦與顧郎，恐顧郎難衣食者。」竟不敢以遺之。及爲舍人，同官者皆潤屋，協在省十六載，器服飲食，不改於常。有門生始來事協，知其廉潔，不敢厚餉，止送錢二千，協發怒，杖二十，因此事者絕於饋遺。自丁艱憂，遂終身布衣蔬食。少時將娉舅息女，未成婚而協母亡，免喪後不復娶。至六十餘，此女猶未他適，協義而迎之。晚雖判合，卒無胤嗣。

From youth Xie was pure, upright, and possessed of moral resolve. When he first served as Director of the Court of Justice, his winter clothing was thin. Director Cai Fadu of the bureau said to others, "I would gladly take off my own jacket and give it to Master Gu, but I fear he would find it hard to accept clothing and food." In the end he did not dare give it to him. When he became an attendant, his colleagues all enriched their households, but Xie served in the inner offices for sixteen years and his utensils, clothing, food, and drink never changed from the usual. A student who had just come to serve Xie, knowing his integrity, did not dare make a lavish gift and sent only two thousand cash. Xie grew angry and had him beaten twenty strokes; from then on those who served him ceased all gifts. From the time he mourned his mother, for the rest of his life he wore plain cloth and ate only vegetables. In youth he was betrothed to his uncle's son's daughter, but before the marriage was completed his mother died; after mourning ended he did not marry again. By his sixties this woman had still not married another; out of righteousness Xie went to receive her as his wife. Though late in life they were joined, in the end he had no heirs.

協博極羣書，於文字及禽獸草木尤稱精詳。撰《異姓苑》五卷，《瑣語》十卷，並行於世。

Xie had read exhaustively and was especially renowned for his precision in writing and in birds, beasts, plants, and trees. He composed the Garden of Variant Surnames in five juan and Trivial Sayings in ten juan, both of which circulated in his day.

徐摛字士秀，東海郯人也。祖憑道，宋海陵太守。父超之，天監初仕至員外散騎常侍。摛幼而好學，及長，遍覽經史。屬文好爲新變，不拘舊體。起家太學博士，遷左衛司馬。會晉安王綱出戍石頭，高祖謂周捨曰：「爲我求一人，文學俱長兼有行者，欲令與晉安遊處。」捨曰：「臣外弟徐摛，形質陋小，若不勝衣，而堪此選。」高祖曰：「必有仲宣之才，亦不簡其容貌。」以摛爲侍讀。後王出鎮江州，仍補雲麾府記室參軍，又轉平西府中記室。王移鎮京口，復隨府轉爲安北中錄事參軍，帶郯令，以母憂去職。王爲丹陽尹，起摛爲秣陵令。普通四年，王出鎮襄陽，摛固求隨府西上，遷晉安王諮議參軍。大通初，王總戎北伐，以摛兼寧蠻府長史，參贊戎政，教命軍書，多自摛出。王入爲皇太子，轉家令，兼掌管記，尋帶領直。

Xu Chi, styled Shixiu, came from Tan in Donghai. His grandfather Xu Pingdao had been regional inspector of Hailing under the Song. His father Xu Chaozhi, early in the Tianjian era, rose to Extraordinary Regular Attendant of the Cavalry. From youth Chi loved study; when he grew up he read widely in the classics and histories. In writing he loved innovation and was not bound by older forms. He entered service as Erudite of the Imperial Academy and was transferred to Marshal of the Left Guard. When Prince Jin'an Xiao Gang went out to garrison Shitou, Emperor Wu said to Zhou She, "Find me a man accomplished in both letters and learning who also has proper conduct, to keep company with Jin'an." She said, "Your servant's cousin on his mother's side Xu Chi — his frame is slight and homely, as if he could not fill his clothes, yet he is fit for this selection." Emperor Wu said, "If he has the talent of Wang Can, I will not be choosy about his appearance." Chi was made study companion to the prince. Later the prince went out to govern Jiangzhou; Chi was appointed recorder for the Cloud Pennant headquarters and then transferred to central recorder for the Pacify-the-West headquarters. When the prince moved his garrison to Jingkou, Chi followed the headquarters and was made recorder for the Pacify-the-North Central Commandant, with concurrent appointment as magistrate of Tan; he resigned when his mother died. When the prince became governor of Danyang, Chi was recalled as magistrate of Moling. In the fourth year of Putong the prince went out to govern Xiangyang; Chi firmly requested to follow the headquarters west and was promoted to advisory aide to Prince Jin'an. At the beginning of Datong the prince took overall command of the northern campaign; Chi was made concurrent Chief Clerk of the Pacify-the-Barbarians headquarters and assisted in military affairs; instructions and military documents mostly came from Chi. When the prince entered the capital as crown prince, Chi was transferred to Director of the Palace Household, with concurrent charge of records, and soon afterward was placed in command of the direct guard.

摛文體旣別，春坊盡學之，「宮體」之號，自斯而起。高祖聞之怒，召摛加讓，及見，應對明敏，辭義可觀，高祖意釋。因問《五經》大義，次問歷代史及百家雜說，末論釋教。摛商較縱橫，應答如響，高祖甚加歎異，更被親狎，寵遇日隆。領軍朱异不說，謂所親曰：「徐叟出入兩宮，漸來逼我，須早爲之所。」遂承間白高祖曰：「摛年老，又愛泉石，意在一郡，以自怡養。」高祖謂摛欲之，乃召摛曰：「新安大好山水，任昉等並經爲之，卿爲我臥治此郡。」中大通三年，遂出爲新安太守。至郡，爲治清靜，教民禮義，勸課農桑，期月之中，風俗便改。秩滿，還爲中庶子，加戎昭將軍。

Chi's literary style was already distinctive; the crown prince's household all studied it, and the name "Palace Style" arose from this. Emperor Wu heard of it and grew angry; he summoned Chi to reproach him, but when he saw him, Chi's replies were clear and keen and his words were impressive; the emperor's anger lifted. He then asked about the great meaning of the Five Classics, next about histories of successive dynasties and miscellaneous writings of the hundred schools, and finally discussed Buddhism. Chi debated freely and answered like an echo; Emperor Wu marveled at him, drew him closer, and his favor grew daily. Commandant-in-Chief Zhu Yi was displeased and said to those close to him, "Old Xu goes in and out of both palaces and is gradually pressing upon me; I must deal with this early." He then seized an opportunity to inform Emperor Wu, saying, "Chi is old and loves springs and rocks; his wish is for one commandery where he may nourish himself in ease." Emperor Wu thought Chi wished it and summoned him, saying, "Xin'an has excellent mountains and waters; Ren Fang and others have all governed it. You shall govern this commandery for me from your couch." In the third year of Zhongdatong he was sent out as governor of Xin'an. On reaching the commandery he governed with purity and quiet, taught the people rites and righteousness, and urged them in agriculture and sericulture; within a month customs were transformed. When his term ended he returned as Central Palace Companion and was given the additional title General Who Displays Martial Resolution.

是時臨城公納夫人王氏，卽太宗妃之侄女也。晉宋已來，初婚三日，婦見舅姑，衆賓皆列觀，引《春秋》義云「丁丑，夫人姜氏至。戊寅，公使大夫宗婦覿用幣」。戊寅，丁丑之明日，故禮官據此，皆云宜依舊貫。太宗以問摛，摛曰：「《儀禮》云『質明贊見婦于舅姑』。《雜記》又云『婦見舅姑，兄弟姊妹皆立于堂下』。政言婦是外宗，未審嫻令，所以停坐三朝，觀其七德。舅延外客，姑率內賓，堂下之儀，以備盛禮。近代婦於舅姑，本有戚屬，不相瞻看。夫人乃妃侄女，有異他姻，覿見之儀，謂應可略。」太宗從其議。除太子左衛率。

At that time Duke of Lincheng took Lady Wang as his consort — she was the niece of Emperor Jianwen's consort. Since Jin and Song, on the third day after the first marriage the wife would see her husband's parents, and all the guests would stand in rows to observe, citing the Spring and Autumn Annals: "On dingchou the lady, née Jiang, arrived. On wuyin the duke sent a grandee and a clan wife to perform the presentation audience with gifts." Wuyin was the day after dingchou; therefore the ritual officers, relying on this, all said the old practice should be followed. Emperor Jianwen asked Chi about it. Chi said, "The Ceremonies say, 'At first light the sponsor presents the wife to the husband's parents. The Miscellaneous Records also say, 'When the wife sees her husband's parents, brothers and sisters all stand below the hall.' This means the wife is of an outside clan and her skill and obedience are not yet known; therefore she is made to remain seated through three mornings while her seven virtues are observed. The father-in-law receives outside guests, the mother-in-law leads inside guests — the ceremony below the hall completes the full rite. In recent times wives and their husbands' parents already had kin ties and did not face one another in audience. This lady is the niece of the consort and differs from other marriages; the presentation audience, I hold, may be abbreviated." Emperor Jianwen followed his opinion. He was appointed Left Commander of the Crown Prince's Guard.

太清三年，侯景攻陷臺城，時太宗居永福省，賊衆奔入，舉兵上殿，侍衛奔散，莫有存者。摛獨嶷然侍立不動，徐謂景曰：「侯公當以禮見，何得如此。」凶威遂折。侯景乃拜，由是常憚摛。太宗嗣位，進授左衛將軍，固辭不拜。太宗後被幽閉，摛不獲朝謁，因感氣疾而卒，年七十八。長子陵，最知名。

In the third year of Taiqing, Hou Jing captured Terrace City. At that time Emperor Jianwen resided in the Yongfu quarter; the rebel host rushed in, raised arms, and ascended the hall. The guards fled and scattered; none remained. Chi alone stood attendant, lofty and unmoving, and slowly said to Jing, "Lord Hou ought to be received with proper ceremony — how can you act like this?" His fierce authority was thereby broken. Hou Jing then bowed; from this he always feared Chi. When Emperor Jianwen succeeded to the throne, Chi was advanced to General of the Left Guard, but he firmly declined and did not accept. Later Emperor Jianwen was confined in seclusion; Chi could not attend court and, afflicted by illness, died at the age of seventy-eight. His eldest son Xu Ling was the most famous.

鮑泉字潤岳，東海人也。父機，湘東王諮議參軍。

Bao Quan, styled Runyue, came from Donghai. His father Bao Ji was advisory aide to the Prince of Xiangdong.

泉博涉史傳，兼有文筆。少事元帝，早見擢任。及元帝承制，累遷至信州刺史。太清三年，元帝命泉征河東王譽於湘州，泉至長沙，作連城以逼之，譽率衆攻泉，泉據柵堅守，譽不能克。泉因其弊出擊之，譽大敗，盡俘其衆，遂圍其城，久未能拔。世祖乃數泉罪，遣平南將軍王僧辯代泉爲都督。僧辯至，泉愕然，顧左右曰：「得王竟陵助我經略，賊不足平矣。」僧辯旣入，乃背泉而坐，曰：「鮑郎有罪，令旨使我鎖卿，卿勿以故意見期。」因出令示泉，鎖之床下。泉曰：「稽緩王師，甘罪是分，但恐後人更思鮑泉之憒憒耳。」乃爲啓謝淹遲之罪。世祖尋復其任，令與僧辯等率舟師東逼邵陵王於郢州。

Quan ranged broadly through histories and biographies and was also accomplished as a writer. In youth he served Emperor Yuan and was early selected for appointment. When Emperor Yuan assumed the regency he was repeatedly promoted to regional inspector of Xinzhou. In the third year of Taiqing, Emperor Yuan ordered Quan to campaign against Prince Hedong Xiao Yu in Xiangzhou. Quan reached Changsha and built linked ramparts to press him; Yu led his forces to attack Quan, but Quan held the palisade and defended firmly, and Yu could not overcome him. Quan, taking advantage of his weakness, sallied forth and struck him; Yu was greatly defeated and his entire force was captured. Quan then besieged his city but for a long time could not take it. Emperor Yuan then enumerated Quan's crimes and sent General Who Pacifies the South Wang Sengbian to replace Quan as commander-in-chief. When Sengbian arrived, Quan was startled and, turning to those at his side, said, "With Wang of Jingling to assist me in strategy, the rebels are not worth pacifying." Once Sengbian had entered, he sat with his back to Quan and said, "Master Bao is guilty; by command I am to lock you up — do not expect old friendship." He then produced the order and showed it to Quan, and locked him beneath the bed. Quan said, "In delaying the imperial army I accept my share of guilt, but I fear later men will again think of Bao Quan's muddle-headedness." He then composed a memorial apologizing for the offense of delay. Emperor Yuan soon restored him to his post and ordered him, together with Sengbian and others, to lead the fleet east and press Prince Shaoling at Yingzhou.

郢州平，元帝以長子方諸爲刺史，泉爲長史，行府州事。侯景密遣將宋子仙、任約率精騎襲之。方諸與泉不恤軍政，唯蒲酒自樂，賊騎至，百姓奔告，方諸與泉方雙陸，不信，曰：「徐文盛大軍在東，賊何由得至？」旣而傳告者衆，始令闔門。賊縱火焚之，莫有抗者，賊騎遂入，城乃陷。執方諸及泉送之景所。後景攻王僧辯於巴陵，不克，敗還，乃殺泉於江夏，沉其屍于黃鵠磯。

When Yingzhou was pacified, Emperor Yuan appointed his eldest son Fangzhu regional inspector; Quan was made Chief Clerk and administered the headquarters and province. Hou Jing secretly sent his generals Song Zixian and Ren Yue to lead picked cavalry in a surprise attack. Fangzhu and Quan paid no attention to military affairs and took their pleasure only in gambling and wine. When the rebel cavalry arrived, the common folk ran to report it; Fangzhu and Quan were just playing backgammon and did not believe it, saying, "Xu Wensheng's great army is in the east — how could the rebels get here?" Before long those who came to report were many, and only then did they order the gates closed. The rebels set fires to burn the gates; none resisted, the rebel cavalry then entered, and the city fell. They seized Fangzhu and Quan and sent them to Hou Jing's headquarters. Later Hou Jing attacked Wang Sengbian at Baling but could not overcome him and returned defeated; he then killed Quan at Jiangxia and cast his corpse into the Huanghe Ford.

初，泉之爲南討都督也，其友人夢泉得罪于世祖，覺而告之。後未旬，果見囚執。頃之，又夢泉著朱衣而行水上，又告泉曰：「君勿憂，尋得免矣。」因說其夢，泉密記之，俄而復見任，皆如其夢。

Earlier, when Quan was commander-in-chief of the southern campaign, a friend dreamed that Quan had offended Emperor Yuan; on waking he told him. Within less than ten days afterward, he was indeed imprisoned. Before long he again dreamed that Quan wore red robes and walked upon the water, and again told Quan, "Do not worry — you will soon be released." He then related the dream; Quan secretly recorded it, and soon afterward was again employed — all as in the dream.

泉於《儀禮》尤明，撰《新儀》四十卷，行於世。

Quan was especially expert in the Ceremonies and composed New Ceremonies in forty juan, which circulated in his day.

陳吏部尚書姚察曰：阮孝緒常言，仲尼論四科，始乎德行，終乎文學。有行者多尚質樸，有文者少蹈規矩，故衛、石靡餘論可傳，屈、賈無立德之譽。若夫憲章游、夏，祖述回、騫，體兼文行，於裴幾原見之矣。 [1]

Yao Cha, Director of the Ministry of Personnel of Chen, said: Ruan Xiaoxu often said that in Confucius's discussion of the four categories, he began with virtue and conduct and ended with letters and learning. Those with conduct mostly esteem plain simplicity; those with letters seldom tread within rules. Therefore Wei and Shi have no remaining discourse worth handing down, while Qu Yuan and Jia Yi have no reputation for establishing virtue. In modeling oneself on Ziyou and Zizhang, following in the footsteps of Yan Hui and Zigong, and combining literary talent with moral conduct — all of this we see in Pei Jiyuan. Footnote marker.

全文以中華書局、一九七三年五月版《梁書》爲本校。

This edition collates the full text against the Zhonghua Book Company Book of Liang (May 1973).

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