1
太祖耶律阿保機上
Annals of Taizu Yelü Abaoji, Part One
2
太祖大聖大明神烈天皇帝，姓耶律氏，諱億，字阿保機，小字啜裏只，契丹迭剌部霞瀨益石烈鄉耶律弭里人。 <一>德祖皇帝長子，母曰宣簡皇后蕭氏。 唐咸通十三年生。 初，母夢日墮懷中，有娠。 及生，室有神光異香，體如三歲兒，即能匍匐。 祖母簡獻皇后異之，鞠為己子。 常匿於別幕，塗其面，不令他人見。 三月能行； 而能言，知未然事。 自謂左右若有神人翼衛。 雖齠齔，言必及世務。 時伯父當國，疑輒咨焉。 既長，身長九尺，豐上銳下，目光射人，關弓三百斤。 為撻馬沙裏。 時小黃室韋不附，太祖以計降之。 伐越兀及烏古、六奚、比沙諸部，克之。 國人號阿主沙裏。
Taizu, styled the Great Sage and Bright Divine Martial Heavenly Emperor, bore the surname Yelü; his given name was Yi, his courtesy name Abaoji, and his childhood name Chuilizhi. He came from Yelü Mili in the Xiasiyishi Lie of the Khitan Dieci branch. <1> He was the eldest son of Emperor Dezu, born to Empress Xuanjian of the Xiao clan. He was born in the thirteenth year of Emperor Yizong's Xiantong era (872). Before his birth, his mother dreamed that the sun dropped into her breast, and afterward she became pregnant. At his birth, divine light filled the room and a strange fragrance hung in the air. His body was already like a three-year-old's, and he could crawl immediately. His grandmother Empress Jianxian took him for a prodigy and raised him as if he were her own child. She kept him hidden in a separate tent, darkened his face with ash, and forbade anyone else to look upon him. By three months he could walk; and soon he could speak and foretell events yet to come. He said that divine guardians seemed to hover at his sides, winged and vigilant. Even as a child with baby teeth, he spoke always of public affairs. His uncle then governed the Khitan, and whenever uncertain he sought the boy's counsel. Grown to manhood, he stood nine chi in height — broad-shouldered above, lean below — with a gaze that struck men like an arrow and strength enough to draw a three-hundred-jin bow. He held the office of tamun shar. When the Lesser Yellow Shiwei refused submission, Taizu took them by strategy. He marched against Yuewu and the Wugu, Liuxi, and Bisha tribes, among others, and brought them to heel. His countrymen gave him the name Azhu Shar.
3
唐天復元年，歲辛酉，痕德可汗立，以太祖為本部夷離，專征討，連破室韋、于厥及奚帥轄剌哥，俘獲甚眾。 冬十月，授大迭烈府夷離。
In the first year of the Tang Tianfu era (901), the xinyou year, Hende Khan came to power and made Taizu yilijin of his own branch, entrusting him with military command. Taizu in succession broke the Shiwei and Yujue and the Xi leader Xialage, taking vast numbers captive. That winter, in the tenth month, he was given the post of yilijin of the Great Dieci Prefecture.
4
明年秋七月，以兵四十萬伐河東代北，<二>攻下九郡，獲生口九萬五千，駝、馬、牛、羊不可勝紀。 九月，城龍化州於潢河之南，始建開教寺。
The next autumn, in the seventh month, he led four hundred thousand men against Hedong and northern Dai, <2> seized nine commanderies, took ninety-five thousand captives, and won camels, horses, cattle, and sheep past all count. In the ninth month he fortified Longhua Prefecture on the south bank of the Huang River and founded Kaijiao Temple.
5
明年春，伐女直，下之，獲其戶三百。 九月，復攻下河東懷遠等軍。 冬十月，引軍略至薊北，俘獲以還。 先是德祖俘奚七千戶，徙饒樂之清河，至是創為奚迭剌部，分十三縣。 遂拜太祖于越、總知軍國事。
The next spring he campaigned against the Jurchen, brought them down, and took three hundred households. In the ninth month he renewed the assault on Hedong and took the Huaiyuan garrison and others. That winter, in the tenth month, he pushed his forces in a foray to the north of Ji and returned laden with prisoners and plunder. Earlier Dezu had taken seven thousand Xi households and resettled them at Qinghe in Raole; now they were organized into the Xi Dieci branch, divided into thirteen counties. Taizu was thereupon made yue, with full authority over army and state.
6
明年歲甲子，三月，廣龍化州之東城。 九月，討黑車子室韋，唐盧龍軍節度使劉仁恭發兵數萬，遣養子趙霸來拒。 霸至武州，太祖諜知之，伏勁兵桃山下。 遣室韋人牟裏詐稱其酋長所遣，約霸兵會平原。 既至，四面伏發，擒霸，殲其眾，乘勝大破室韋。
The next year, a jiazi year, in the third month the eastern quarter of Longhua Prefecture was enlarged. In the ninth month he marched against the Black-Cart Shiwei. Liu Rengong, Tang governor of the Lulong Army, raised tens of thousands of men and sent his adopted son Zhao Ba to meet him. Ba reached Wuzhou; Taizu, warned by his scouts, lay in wait with elite troops beneath Peach Mountain. He sent a Shiwei named Moli to pose as an envoy from the chieftain and invite Ba's army to a rendezvous on the open plain. When Ba came, ambushers rose on every side. They took Ba prisoner, wiped out his army, and drove on to shatter the Shiwei.
7
明年七月，復討黑車子室韋。 唐河東節度使李克用遣通事康令德乞盟。 冬十月，太祖以騎兵七萬會克用於雲州，宴酣，克用借兵以報劉仁恭木瓜澗之役，太祖許之。 易袍馬，約為兄弟。 及進兵擊仁恭，撥數州，盡徙其民以歸。
The next year, in the seventh month, he returned to punish the Black-Cart Shiwei. Li Keyong, Tang's Hedong governor, sent his interpreter Kang Lingde to sue for an alliance. That winter, in the tenth month, Taizu brought seventy thousand horsemen to meet Keyong at Yunzhou. Over wine Keyong asked for troops to settle the score with Liu Rengong at Mugua Ravine, and Taizu consented. They exchanged cloaks and mounts and swore themselves brothers. Marching on Rengong, they overran several prefectures and carried off the entire populace.
8
明年二月，復擊劉仁恭。 還，襲山北奚，破之。 汴州朱全忠遣人浮海奉書幣、衣帶、珍玩來聘。 十一月，遣偏師討奚、諸部及東北女直之未附者，悉破降之。 十二月，痕德可汗殂，群臣奉遺命請立太祖。 曷魯等勸進。 太祖三讓，從之。
The next year, in the second month, they struck Liu Rengong once more. On the homeward march they fell upon the mountain-north Xi and broke them. Zhu Quanzhong of Bianzhou dispatched envoys by sea with letters, tribute gifts, robes, sashes, and curiosities to propose alliance. In the eleventh month he sent a subsidiary army against the Xi and allied tribes, and against Jurchen in the northeast still outside his sway; all were crushed and brought to surrender. In the twelfth month Hende Khan died. The ministers, following his dying wish, pressed Taizu to take the throne. Helu and others pressed him to ascend. Taizu refused thrice before yielding to them.
9
元年春正月庚寅，命有司設壇于如迂王集會堝，<三>燔柴告天，即皇帝位。 尊母蕭氏為皇太后，立皇后蕭氏。 北宰相蕭轄剌、南宰相耶律歐裏思率群臣上尊號曰天皇帝，後曰地皇后。 庚子，詔皇族承遙輦氏九帳為第十帳。
In his first year, on the gengyin day of the first spring month, he had officials erect an altar at the Ru'erwang Assembly Mound, <3> offered burnt sacrifices to Heaven, and ascended the throne. He raised his mother of the Xiao clan to Empress Dowager and crowned an Empress Xiao. Northern Chancellor Xiao Xialage and Southern Chancellor Yelü Oulisi, at the head of the court, presented the elevated titles Heavenly Emperor for him and Earth Empress for her. On gengzi day he decreed that the royal house should take its place as a tenth tent, succeeding the nine tents of the Yaolian line.
10
二月戊午，以從弟迭栗底為迭烈府夷離。 是月，征黑車子室韋，降其八部。
On wuwu day of the second month he named his cousin Dielidi yilijin of the Dieci Prefecture. That same month he marched on the Black-Cart Shiwei and received the submission of all eight of their tribes.
11
夏四月丁未朔，唐梁王朱全忠廢其主，尋弑之，<四>自立為帝，國號梁，遣使來告。 劉仁恭子守光囚其父，自稱幽州盧龍軍節度使。
On the dingwei new moon of the fourth summer month, Zhu Quanzhong, Tang's Prince of Liang, deposed his lord and shortly afterward murdered him; <4> he proclaimed himself emperor under the name Liang and sent envoys with the news. Liu Shouguang, son of Liu Rengong, locked up his father and declared himself governor of Youzhou and the Lulong Army.
12
秋七月乙酉，其兄平州刺史守奇率其眾數千人來降，命置之平盧城。
On yiyou day in the seventh autumn month his elder brother Shouqi, prefect of Pingzhou, came over with several thousand men and was resettled at Pinglu City.
13
冬十月乙巳，討黑車子室韋，破之。
On yisi day that winter, in the tenth month, he attacked the Black-Cart Shiwei and broke them.
14
二年春正月癸酉朔，禦正殿受百官及諸國使朝。 辛巳，始置惕隱，典族屬，以皇弟撒剌為之。 河東李克用卒，<五>子存襲，遣使吊慰。
On the guiyou new moon of the second year's first spring month, he held court in the main hall to receive the obeisance of officials and foreign envoys. On xinsi day he created the office of tiyin to govern the clans and appointed his brother Salaci to the post. Li Keyong of Hedong died; <5> his son Li Cunxu took his place, and Taizu sent envoys with condolences.
15
夏五月癸酉，詔撒剌討烏丸、黑車子室韋。
On guiyou day of the fifth summer month he commanded Salaci against the Wuhuan and the Black-Cart Shiwei.
16
秋八月壬子，幽州進合歡瓜。
On renzi day in the eighth autumn month, Youzhou sent tribute of a twin-fused melon.
17
冬十月己亥朔，建明王樓。 築長城於鎮東海口。 遣輕兵取吐渾叛入室韋者。
On the jihai new moon of the tenth winter month, he erected the Bright King Tower. He constructed a long wall at Zhendong's seaward mouth. He sent light cavalry to seize Tuyuhun rebels who had crossed into Shiwei lands.
18
三年春正月，幸遼東。
In the third year's first spring month he toured Liaodong.
19
二月丁酉朔，梁遣郎公遠來聘。
On the dingyou new moon of the second month, Liang dispatched Lang Gongyuan as envoy.
20
三月，滄州節度使劉守文為弟守光所攻，遣人來乞兵討之。 命皇弟舍利素、夷離蕭敵魯以兵會守文於北淖口。 進至橫海軍近澱，一鼓破之，守光潰去。 因名北淖口為會盟口。
In the third month Liu Shouwen, governor of Cangzhou, came under attack from his brother Shouguang and sent asking for troops to strike back. He commanded his brother Sheli Su and the yilijin Xiao Dilu to march and rendezvous with Shouwen at Beinao Mouth. Pushing to the flats near the Henghai garrison, they shattered the foe at a single drumbeat and Shouguang broke and ran. Beinao Mouth was therefore renamed Alliance Mouth.
21
夏四月乙卯，詔左僕射韓知古建碑龍化州大廣寺以紀功德。
On yimao day of the fourth summer month he ordered Vice Premier Han Zhigu to raise a stele at Longhua Prefecture's Daguan Temple commemorating his achievements.
22
五月甲申，置羊城於炭山之北以通市易。
On jiashen day in the fifth month he founded a sheep market north of Coal Mountain for commerce.
23
冬十月己巳，遣鷹軍討黑車子室韋，破之。 西北娘改部族進挽車人。
On jisi day that winter, in the tenth month, he sent the Hawk Army against the Black-Cart Shiwei and broke them. The Nianggai tribe from the northwest offered cart-drivers in tribute.
24
四年秋七月戊子朔，以后兄蕭敵魯為北府宰相。 后族為相自此始。
On the wuzi new moon of the fourth year's seventh autumn month he named the Empress's elder brother Xiao Dilu Northern Chancellor. Thus began the custom of appointing the Empress's kin as chancellor.
25
冬十月，烏馬山奚庫支及查剌底、鋤勃德等叛，討平之。
That winter, in the tenth month, the Wumashan Xi leaders Kuge, Chaladi, and Chubode rose in rebellion and were put down.
26
五年春正月丙戌朔，日有食之。 丙申，上親征西部奚。 奚阻險，叛服不常，數招諭弗聽。 是役所向輒下，遂分兵討東部奚，亦平之。 於是盡有奚、之地。 東際海，南暨白檀，西松漠，北抵潢水，凡五部，咸入版籍。
On the bingxu new moon of the fifth year's first spring month the sun was eclipsed. On bingshen day the Emperor took the field in person against the western Xi. The Xi barricaded themselves in rugged country, wavering between rebellion and submission; repeated appeals brought no answer. In that campaign he took every stronghold he met; he then split his army to subdue the eastern Xi and pacified them too. He now held the full territory of the Xi and Shiwei. Eastward it ran to the sea, south to Baitan, west to Songmo, north to the Huang River — five divisions in all, every one entered on the tax rolls.
27
三月，次灤河，刻石紀功。 復略地薊州。
In the third month he encamped on the Luan River and cut stone inscriptions to commemorate his victories. He again carried out a raid into Jizhou.
28
夏四月壬申，遣人使梁。
On renshen day of the fourth summer month he dispatched envoys to Liang.
29
五月，皇弟剌葛、迭剌、寅底石、安端謀反。 安端妻粘睦姑知之，以告，得實。 上不忍加誅，乃與諸弟登山刑牲，告天地為誓而赦其罪。 出剌葛為迭剌部夷離，封粘睦姑為晉國夫人。
In the fifth month his brothers Cige, Dieci, Yindishi, and Anduan conspired to rebel. Anduan's wife Nianmugu discovered the plot, informed the court, and the charge was proved true. Unable to bring himself to punish them, he climbed a mountain with his brothers, offered sacrifice, swore before Heaven and Earth, and granted them pardon. He posted Cige as yilijin of the Dieci branch and ennobled Nianmugu as Lady of Jin.
30
秋七月壬午朔，斜離底及諸蕃使來貢。
On the renwu new moon of the seventh autumn month, Xielidi and tribal envoys arrived with tribute.
31
八月甲子，劉守光僭號幽州，稱燕。
On jiazi day in the eighth month Liu Shouguang seized the imperial style at Youzhou and proclaimed the state of Yan.
32
冬十月戊午，置鐵冶。
On wuwu day that winter, in the tenth month, he established an iron foundry.
33
十一月壬午，遣人使梁。
On renwu day in the eleventh month he again sent envoys to Liang.
34
六年春正月，以化葛為惕隱。
In the sixth year's first spring month he made Huage tiyin.
35
二月戊午，親征劉守光。
On wuwu day of the second month he took the field in person against Liu Shouguang.
36
三月，至自幽州。
In the third month he came back from Youzhou.
37
夏四月，梁郢王友弑父自立。
In the fourth summer month Zhu Yougui, Liang's Prince of Ying, murdered his father and seized the throne.
38
秋七月丙午，親征術不姑，降之，俘獲以數萬計。 命弟剌葛分兵攻平州。
On bingwu day in the seventh autumn month he marched in person against Shibugu, received their surrender, and took prisoners and spoil by the tens of thousands. He commanded his brother Cige to split off troops and strike Pingzhou.
39
八月壬辰，上次恩德山。 皇子李胡生。
On renchen day in the eighth month he encamped on Mount Ende. The prince Li Hu was born.
40
冬十月戊寅，剌葛破平州，還，復與迭剌、寅底石、安端等反。 甲申，遣人使梁致祭。 壬辰，還次北阿魯山，聞諸弟以兵阻道，引軍南趨十七濼。 是日燔柴。 翼日，次七渡河，諸弟各遣人謝罪。 上猶矜憐，許以自新。
In the tenth winter month, on wuyin day, Cige took Pingzhou and came back, only to rise again with Yeci, Yindishi, Anduan, and the rest. On jiashen day he dispatched envoys to the Liang court to offer sacrifice. On renchen day, as he withdrew and encamped at North Alu Mountain, he learned that his younger brothers had barred the route with troops, and he turned the army south toward the Seventeen Marshes. That day he performed the firewood-burning rite. The following day he halted at Seven Crossings River, and each of his younger brothers sent a messenger to beg forgiveness. The Emperor still showed them mercy and granted them a chance to mend their ways.
41
是歲，以兵討兩冶，以所獲僧崇文等五十人歸西樓，建天雄寺以居之，以示天助雄武。
That year he campaigned against Liangye with an army, brought fifty captives including the monk Chongwen back to Xilou, and built Tianxiong Temple to lodge them, as a sign that Heaven favored his martial power.
42
七年春正月甲辰朔，以用兵免朝。 晉王李存撥幽州，擒劉守光。 甲寅，王師次赤水城，弟剌葛等乞降。 上素服，乘赭白馬，以將軍耶律樂姑、轄剌僅阿缽為禦，解兵器、肅侍衛以受之，因加慰諭。 剌葛等引退，上復數遣使撫慰。
In the first month of spring in the seventh year, on the jiachen new moon, the court audience was waived because of active campaigning. Li Cunxu, Prince of Jin, marched on Youzhou and took Liu Shouguang prisoner. On jiayin day the imperial forces encamped at Chishui Fort, and his younger brothers Cige and the others pleaded to submit. The Emperor dressed in plain white and rode a reddish-white horse, with Generals Yelü Legu and Xiachi Jin'abo as his escort; he set aside his weapons, had his attendants stand in strict order to receive them, and then spoke words of reassurance. Cige and the others withdrew, and the Emperor again sent envoys repeatedly to comfort them.
43
二月甲戌朔，梁均王友貞討殺其兄友，嗣立。
On the jiaxu new moon of the second month, Zhu Youzhen, Liang's Prince of Jun, struck down his elder brother Zhu You and seized the throne.
44
三月癸丑，次蘆水，弟迭剌哥圖為奚王，與安端擁千餘騎而至，紿稱入覲。 上怒曰：「爾曹始謀逆亂，朕特恕之，使改過自新，尚爾反覆，將不利於朕！」 遂拘之。 以所部分隸諸軍。 而剌葛引其眾至乙室堇澱，具天子旗鼓，將自立，皇太后陰遣人諭令避去。 會弭姑乃、懷裏陽言車駕且至，其眾驚潰，掠居民北走，上以兵追之。 剌葛遣其党寅底石引兵徑趨行宮，焚其輜重、廬帳，縱兵大殺。 皇后急遣蜀古魯救之，<六>僅得天子旗鼓而已。 其党神速姑復劫西樓，焚明王樓。 上至土河，秣馬休兵，若不為意。 諸將請急追之，上曰：「俟其遠遁，人各懷土。 懷土既切，其心必離，我軍乘之，破之必矣！」 盡以先所獲資畜分賜將士，留夷離畢直裏姑總政務。
On guichou day in the third month he halted at Lushui. His younger brother Yeci Getu, whom he had made King of Xi, came with Anduan at the head of more than a thousand horsemen, pretending that they had come to attend court. The Emperor said in anger, "You first plotted rebellion; I specially forgave you and let you reform, yet you are still so fickle—this can only mean harm to me!" He thereupon had them seized. Their followers were distributed among the various armies. Meanwhile Cige led his forces to Yishijin Marsh, arrayed the imperial drums and banners, and was about to set himself up as ruler; the Empress Dowager secretly sent word telling him to withdraw. Just then Migunai and Huailiyang spread word that the imperial carriage was nearing; Cige's men broke in panic, looted the local people, and fled north, and the Emperor gave chase with troops. Cige sent his follower Yindishi to march straight on the traveling palace, burn the baggage train and tents, and unleash his troops in a great slaughter. The Empress urgently dispatched Shugulu to the rescue; <6> they recovered nothing but the imperial drums and banners. His follower Shensugun raided Xilou again and burned Mingwang Tower. When the Emperor reached the Tuh River, he let the horses graze and rested the army as though none of this troubled him. The generals urged an immediate pursuit, but the Emperor said, "Wait until they have fled far off; then each man will yearn for home. Once homesickness bites deep, their hearts will surely break apart; if our army strikes then, we are certain to crush them!" He distributed all the livestock and goods taken earlier among the officers and soldiers, and left the yilijin Zhiligu to oversee affairs of state.
45
夏四月戊寅，北追剌葛。 己卯，次弭裏，問諸弟面木葉山射鬼箭厭禳，<七>乃執叛人解裏向彼，亦以其法厭之。 至達裏澱，選輕騎追及培只河，盡獲其黨輜重、生口。 先遣室韋及吐渾酋長撥剌、迪裏姑等五人分兵伏其前路，命北宰相迪裏古為先鋒進擊之。 剌葛率兵逆戰，迪裏古以輕兵薄之。 其弟遏古只臨陣，射數十人斃，眾莫敢前。 相拒至晡，眾乃潰。 追至柴河，遂自焚其車乘廬帳而去。 前遇撥剌、迪裏姑等伏發，合擊，遂大敗之。 剌葛奔潰，遺其所奪神帳於路，上見而拜奠之。 所獲生口盡縱歸本土。 其党庫古只、磨朵皆面縛請罪。 師次劄堵河，大雨暴漲。
In the fourth summer month, on wuyin day, he marched north in pursuit of Cige. On jimao day he halted at Mili and questioned his younger brothers before Mount Muye about the ghost-arrow shooting used for exorcism; <7> he then seized the rebel Jieli and turned him toward the mountain, exorcising him by the same rite. At Dali Marsh he chose light cavalry and pursued as far as Peizhi River, taking all the rebels' baggage and captives. He had already sent the Shivei and Tuhun chiefs Bala, Diligu, and three others to split their forces and lie in wait along the rebels' line of retreat, and he ordered the northern chancellor Diligu to advance as vanguard and strike them. Cige led his troops out to give battle, and Diligu harried him with light forces. His younger brother Eguzhi took the front of the line, brought down several dozen men with his bow, and none dared press forward. The two sides held each other until late afternoon, and then Cige's men collapsed. Pursued to Chai River, they burned their carts, wagons, and tents and fled. Farther on they ran into the ambush laid by Bala, Diligu, and the others; the combined attack left them utterly broken. Cige fled in disorder, abandoning on the road the sacred tent he had seized; when the Emperor came upon it, he bowed and made offering. All captives taken were released to return home. His followers Kuguzhi and Moduo came forward with their hands bound to plead guilty. The army halted at Zhadu River, where torrential rain sent the waters surging.
46
五月癸丑，遣北宰相迪輦率驍騎先渡。 甲寅，奏擒剌葛、涅裏袞阿缽於榆河，前北宰相蕭實魯、寅底石自剄不殊。 遂以黑白羊祭天地。 壬戌，剌葛、涅裏袞阿缽詣行在，以稿索自縛，牽羊望拜。 上還至大嶺。 時大軍久出，輜重不相屬，士卒煮馬駒、采野菜以為食，孳畜道斃者十七八，物價十倍，器服資貨委棄於楚裏河，狼藉數百里，因更剌葛名暴裏。 丙寅，至庫裏，以青牛白馬祭天地。 以生口六百、馬二千三百分賜大、小鶻軍。
On guichou day in the fifth month he sent the northern chancellor Dilian ahead with elite cavalry to cross first. On jiayin day came word that Cige and Nieligun'abo had been taken at Yu River; the former northern chancellor Xiao Shilu and Yindishi slashed their own throats but did not die. He then sacrificed black and white sheep to Heaven and Earth. On renxu day Cige and Nieligun'abo came to the traveling court, bound themselves with straw ropes, led sheep before them, and bowed from afar. The Emperor withdrew to Great Ridge. The great army had been in the field a long time; the baggage trains could not keep pace; the soldiers boiled foals and gathered wild greens to eat; seven or eight out of ten head of livestock died along the road; prices rose tenfold; arms, clothing, goods, and valuables were cast away along the Chuli River and lay strewn for hundreds of li; for this Cige's name was changed to Baoli. On bingyin day, reaching Kuli, he sacrificed blue oxen and white horses to Heaven and Earth. Six hundred captives and twenty-three hundred horses were distributed as rewards to the Greater and Lesser Gu armies.
47
六月辛巳，至榆嶺，以轄賴縣人掃古非法殘民，磔之。 甲申，上登都庵山，撫其先奇首可汗遺跡，徘徊顧瞻而興歎焉。 聞獄官涅離擅造大校，人不堪其苦，有至死者，命誅之。 壬辰，次狼河，獲逆黨雅裏、弭裏，生埋之銅河南軌下。 放所俘還，多為於骨裏所掠。 上怒，引輕騎馳擊。 復遣驍將分道追襲，盡獲其眾並掠者。 庚子，次阿敦濼，以養子涅裏思附諸弟叛，以鬼箭射殺之。 其餘黨六千，各以輕重論刑。 於厥掠生口者三十餘人，亦俾贖其罪，放歸本部。 至石嶺西，詔收回軍乏食所棄兵仗，召北府兵驗而還之。 以夷離涅裏袞附諸弟為叛，不忍顯戮，命自投崖而死。
On xinsi day in the sixth month, at Yu Ridge, Saogu of Xialai County was torn apart for unlawfully oppressing the people. On jiashen day the Emperor climbed Mount Du'an, touched the traces left by the former Qishou Khan, and as he paced and looked about was moved to sigh. Learning that the prison official Nieli had on his own authority imposed the great cudgel, so that people could not endure the suffering and some even died, he ordered Nieli put to death. On renchen day, encamped at Wolf River, he captured the rebels Yali and Mili and buried them alive beneath the track south of the Tong River. Captives who had been released to go home were largely seized again by the Yuguli. The Emperor flew into a rage and led light cavalry in a swift strike. He again sent crack generals along separate routes in pursuit and recovered all their men along with the plunderers. On gengzi day, at Adun Marsh, his adopted son Nielisi, who had sided with the younger brothers in rebellion, was shot to death with ghost-arrows. The remaining six thousand rebels were each sentenced according to the gravity of his offense. More than thirty men of the Yuqie who had seized captives were likewise allowed to redeem their offenses and were sent back to their own departments. West of Stone Ridge he ordered the recovery of arms cast aside for lack of food on the return march, had northern-office troops verify them, and returned them to their owners. Because the yili Nieligun had joined his younger brothers in rebellion, the Emperor, unwilling to put him to open death, ordered him to throw himself from a cliff.
48
秋八月己卯，幸龍眉宮，逆黨二十九人，以其妻女賜有功將校，所掠珍寶、孳畜還主； 亡其本物者，命責償其家； 不能償者，賜以其部曲。
On jimao day in the eighth autumn month he visited Longmei Palace. Twenty-nine rebels had their wives and daughters given to meritorious officers, while the precious goods and livestock they had plundered were returned to their owners; where the original property could not be found, the offenders' households were ordered to make restitution; and where restitution was impossible, the victims were granted the offenders' retainers.
49
九月壬戌，上發自西樓。
On renxu day in the ninth month the Emperor set out from Xilou.
50
冬十月庚午。 駐赤崖。 戊寅，和州回鶻來貢。 癸未，乙室府人迪裏古、迷骨離部人特裏以從逆誅。 詔群臣分決滯訟，以韓知古錄其事，只裏姑掌捕亡。
In the tenth winter month, on gengwu day. He encamped at Red Cliff. On wuyin day the Uighurs of Hezhou came to offer tribute. On guiwei day Diligu of Yishifu and Teri of the Miguli department were put to death for joining the rebellion. He ordered the ministers to decide stalled lawsuits in turn; Han Zhigu was to record the proceedings, and Zhiligu was put in charge of pursuing fugitives.
51
十一月，祠木葉山。 還次昭烏山，省風俗，見高年，議朝政，定吉凶儀。
In the eleventh month he sacrificed at Mount Muye. On the return he halted at Zhaowu Mountain, reviewed local customs, received the elderly, discussed affairs of state, and settled the rites for auspicious and inauspicious occasions.
52
十二月戊子，燔柴於蓮花濼。
On wuzi day in the twelfth month he performed the firewood-burning rite at Lotus Marsh.
53
八年春正月甲辰，以曷魯為迭剌部夷離，忽烈為惕隱。 於骨裏部人特離敏執逆党怖胡、亞裏只等十七人來獻，上親鞫之。 辭多連宗室及有脅從者，乃杖殺首惡怖胡，餘並原釋。 於越率懶之子化哥屢蓄奸謀，上每優容之，而反覆不悛，召父老群臣正其罪，並其子戮之，分其財以給衛士。 有司所鞫逆黨三百餘人，獄既具，上以人命至重，死不復生，賜宴一日，隨其平生之好，使為之。 酒酣，或歌、或舞、或戲射、角，各極其意。 明日，乃以輕重論刑。 首惡剌葛，其次迭剌哥，上猶弟之，不忍置法，杖而釋之。 以寅底石、安端性本庸弱，為剌葛所使，皆釋其罪。 前于越赫底裏子解裏、剌葛妻轄剌已實預逆謀，命皆絞殺之。 寅底石妻涅離脅從，安端妻粘睦姑嘗有忠告，並免。 因謂左右曰：「諸弟性雖敏黠，而蓄奸稔惡。 嘗自矜有出人之智，安忍凶狠，溪壑可塞而貪黷無厭。 求人之失，雖小而可恕，謂重如泰山； 身行不義，雖入大惡，謂輕於鴻毛。 昵比群小，謀及婦人，同惡相濟，以危國祚。 雖欲不敗，其可得乎？ 北宰相實魯妻餘盧睹姑於國至親，一旦負朕，從於叛逆，未置之法而病死。 此天誅也。 解裏自幼與朕常同寢食，眷遇之厚，冠於宗屬，亦與其父背大恩而從不軌，茲可恕乎！」
In the first month of spring in the eighth year, on jiachen day, Helu was appointed yili of the Dieci department and Hulie was made tiyin. Telimin of the Yuguli department seized seventeen rebels including Buhu and Yalizhi and brought them in; the Emperor questioned them in person. Their testimony implicated many members of the imperial clan as well as those who had been coerced; the Emperor had the ringleader Buhu beaten to death and pardoned the rest. Huage, son of the yuyue Shuilai, had repeatedly plotted treachery; the Emperor had repeatedly shown him leniency, yet he remained unrepentant and fickle. He summoned the elders and ministers to judge his crime, executed him together with his son, and divided his property among the guards. Once the officials had finished interrogating more than three hundred rebels and the cases were complete, the Emperor, reflecting that human life is supremely precious and that the dead do not return, granted them a feast for one day and let each indulge his lifelong pleasures. When the wine had done its work, some sang, some danced, some sported at archery or wrestling, each to the full of his heart's desire. The next day he passed sentence on each according to the gravity of his crime. The chief culprit was Cige, and next Yecige; the Emperor still regarded them as younger brothers, could not bring himself to apply the full penalty of the law, beat them, and released them. Because Yindishi and Anduan were by nature weak and had been used by Cige, he pardoned them both. Jieli, son of the former yuyue Hedili, and Cige's wife Xiachi had in fact taken part in the plot; he ordered them all strangled. Yindishi's wife Nieli had been coerced, and Anduan's wife Zhanmugu had once given loyal counsel; both were spared. He then said to those around him, "My younger brothers, though clever by nature, have long harbored treachery and wickedness. They once boasted of intelligence above other men's, were pitiless and fierce, and though ravines and gullies may be filled, their greed knew no limit. When they sought out others' faults, though small and pardonable, they treated them as weighty as Mount Tai; yet their own unrighteous conduct, though it reached great evil, they treated as lighter than a goose feather. They kept company with petty men, plotted with women, aided one another in evil, and endangered the throne. Even if they wished not to be ruined, how could they have succeeded? The northern chancellor Shilu's wife Yuludu was among the closest kin in the realm; in a single day she betrayed me and joined the rebels; before the law could touch her she died of illness. That was Heaven's punishment. Jieli from childhood shared my bed and board; the favor shown him surpassed all in the clan, yet he too, like his father, turned his back on great kindness and followed the unlawful path—how can that be forgiven!"
54
秋七月丙申朔，有司上諸帳族與謀逆者三百餘人罪狀，皆棄市。 上歎曰：「致人於死，豈朕所欲。 若止負朕躬，尚可容貸。 此曹恣行不道，殘害忠良，塗炭生民，剽掠財產。 民間昔有萬馬，今皆徒步，有國以來所未嘗有。 實不得已而誅之。」
On the bingshen new moon in the seventh autumn month the officials presented the charges against more than three hundred clansmen who had plotted rebellion; all were executed in the marketplace. The Emperor sighed and said, "To bring men to death is hardly what I desire. If they had wronged only my person, I could still have spared them. But this lot wantonly practiced injustice, ravaged the loyal and good, brought ruin on the people, and plundered property. Among the people there were once ten thousand horses; now all go on foot—something never before seen since the founding of the state. I had no choice but to put them to death."
55
冬十月甲子朔，建開皇殿於明王樓基。
On the jiazi new moon in the tenth winter month Kaihuang Hall was built on the foundation of Mingwang Tower.
56
九年春正月，烏古部叛，討平之。
In the first month of spring in the ninth year the Wugu department rebelled; he campaigned against them and pacified the revolt.
57
夏六月，幽州軍校齊行本舉其族及其部曲男女三千人請降，詔授檢校尚書、左僕射，賜名兀欲，給其堿食。 數日亡去，幽帥周德威納之。 及詔索之，德威語不遜，乃議南征。
In the sixth summer month Qi Xingben, a military officer of Youzhou, led his clan and his retainers—three thousand men and women in all—to request surrender. An edict appointed him acting director of the Imperial Secretariat and left vice director of the Department of State Affairs, granted him the name Wuyu, and supplied them with provisions. Within a few days he fled, and Zhou Dewei, the Youzhou commander, took him in. When an edict demanded his return, Dewei answered insolently, and the court thereupon debated a southern campaign.
58
冬十月戊申，鉤魚于鴨淥江。 新羅遣使貢方物，高麗遣使進寶劍，吳越王錢遣滕彥休來貢。
On wushen day in the tenth winter month he went hook-fishing on the Yalu River. Silla sent envoys with local products; Goryeo sent envoys with a precious sword; and Qian, King of Wuyue, sent Teng Yanxiu with tribute.
59
是歲，君基太一神數見，詔圖其像。
That year the Lord Foundation Great Unity Spirit appeared repeatedly, and an edict ordered his image painted.
60
三月丙辰，以迭烈部夷離曷魯為阿廬朵裏於越，百僚進秩、頒賚有差，賜三日。 立子倍為皇太子。
On bingchen day in the third month Helu, yili of the Dieci department, was made yuyue of Aludoli; the hundred officials received promotions and gifts in varying measure, and a three-day feast was granted. His son Bei was named crown prince.
61
夏四月乙酉朔，晉幽州節度使盧國用來降，<八>以為幽州兵馬留後。 甲辰，梁遣郎公遠來賀。
On the yiyou new moon in the fourth summer month Lu Guoyong, Jin's military governor of Youzhou, came to surrender; <8> he was appointed acting commander of Youzhou troops and horses. On jiachen day Liang sent Lang Gongyuan with congratulations.
62
六月庚寅，吳越王遣滕彥休來貢。
On gengyin day in the sixth month the King of Wuyue sent Teng Yanxiu with tribute.
63
秋七月壬申，親征突厥、吐渾、項、小蕃、沙陀諸部，皆平之。 俘其酋長及其戶萬五千六百，鎧甲、兵仗、器服九十餘萬，寶貨、駝馬、牛羊不可勝算。
On renshen day in the seventh autumn month he marched in person against the Türks, Tuhun, Xiang, Lesser Fan, Shatuo, and other tribes, and pacified them all. He took their chieftains and fifteen thousand six hundred households prisoner, together with more than nine hundred thousand suits of armor, weapons, implements, and garments, and precious goods, camels, horses, cattle, and sheep beyond reckoning.
64
八月，撥朔州，擒節度使李嗣本。 勒石紀功於青塚南。
In the eighth month he attacked Shuozhou and captured the military governor Li Siben. He had a stone carved to record his achievement south of Green Mound.
65
冬十月癸未朔，乘勝而東。
On the guiwei new moon in the tenth winter month he pressed his advantage eastward.
66
十一月，攻蔚、新、武、媯、儒五州，斬首萬四千七百餘級。 自代北至河曲陰山，盡有其地。 遂改武州為歸化州，媯州為可汗州，置西南面招討司，選有功者領之。 其圍蔚州，敵樓無故自壞，眾軍大噪乘之，不時而破。 時梁及吳越二使皆在焉，詔引環城觀之，因賜滕彥休名曰逑呂。
In the eleventh month he attacked the five prefectures of Yu, Xin, Wu, Gui, and Ru and took more than fourteen thousand seven hundred heads. From north of Dai to the Yin Mountains at the river bend, he held all the territory. He then renamed Wuzhou Guihua Prefecture and Guizhou Khan Prefecture, established the Southwest Pacification Office, and chose men of merit to lead it. When he besieged Yu Prefecture, the enemy towers suddenly collapsed for no apparent reason; the army raised a great shout and pressed the attack, and the city fell at once. Envoys from Liang and from Wu-Yue were both present; he ordered them led around the city walls to observe, and granted Teng Yanxiu the name Qiulü.
67
十二月，收山北八軍。
In the twelfth month he received the submission of the eight armies north of the mountains.
68
二年春二月，晉新州裨將盧文進殺節度使李存榘來降。 進攻其城，刺史安金全遁，以文進部將劉殷為刺史。
In the second month of spring in the second year Lu Wenjin, Jin's deputy general of Xinzhou, killed the military governor Li Cunju and came over to surrender. He advanced against the city; the prefect An Jinquan fled, and Wenjin's subordinate general Liu Yin was appointed prefect.
69
三月辛亥，攻幽州，節度使周德威以幽、并、鎮、定、魏五州之兵拒於居庸關之西，合戰於新州東，大破之，斬首三萬餘級，殺李嗣恩之子武八。 <九>以后弟阿骨只為統軍，實魯為先鋒，東出關略燕、趙，不遇敵而還。 己未，於骨裏叛，命室魯以兵討之。
On xinhai day in the third month he attacked Youzhou. Zhou Dewei, the military governor, met him west of Juyong Pass with troops from You, Bing, Zhen, Ding, and Wei; they joined battle east of Xinzhou and were utterly broken; more than thirty thousand heads were taken, and Li Si'en's son Wuba was killed. <9> The empress's younger brother Aguzhi was made commander-in-chief with Shilu as vanguard; marching east out of the pass he raided Yan and Zhao, met no enemy, and returned. On jiwei day the Yuguli rebelled, and he ordered Shilu to campaign against them.
70
夏四月壬午，圍幽州，不克。
On renwu day in the fourth summer month he besieged Youzhou but could not take it.
71
六月乙巳，望城中有氣如煙火狀，上曰：「未可攻也。」 以大暑霖潦，班師。 留曷魯、盧國用守之。 剌葛與其子賽保裏叛入幽州。
On yisi day in the sixth month, looking at the city he saw vapor like smoke and fire; the Emperor said, "It cannot yet be attacked." Because of the great heat and torrential rains, he withdrew the army. He left Helu and Lu Guoyong to hold it. Cige and his son Saibaoli rebelled and fled into Youzhou.
72
秋八月，李存遣李嗣源等救幽州，曷魯等以兵少而還。
In the eighth autumn month Li Cunxu sent Li Siyuan and others to relieve Youzhou; Helu and the others, finding their forces too few, withdrew.
73
三年春正月丙申，以皇弟安端為大內惕隱，命攻雲州及西南諸部。
On bingshen day in the first month of spring in the third year his younger brother Anduan was made grand interior tiyin and ordered to attack Yunzhou and the southwestern tribes.
74
二月，達旦國來聘。 癸亥，城皇都，以禮部尚書康默記充版築使。 梁遣使來聘。 晉、吳越、渤海、高麗、回鶻、阻卜、項及幽、鎮、定、魏、潞等州各遣使來貢。
In the second month the state of Dadan sent envoys on a friendly mission. On guihai day he walled the imperial capital and appointed Kang Mojie, Minister of Rites, commissioner of construction. Liang sent envoys on a friendly mission. Jin, Wu-Yue, Bohai, Goryeo, the Uighurs, Zubu, Xiang, and the prefectures of You, Zhen, Ding, Wei, Lu, and others each sent envoys with tribute.
75
夏四月乙巳，皇弟迭烈哥謀叛，事覺，知有罪當誅，預為營壙，而諸戚請免。 上素惡其弟寅底石妻涅裏袞，乃曰：「涅裏袞能代其死，則從。」 涅裏袞自縊壙中，並以奴女古、叛人曷魯只生瘞其中。 遂赦迭烈哥。
On yisi day in the fourth summer month his younger brother Dielige plotted rebellion; when the plot was discovered, knowing he deserved death, he had a grave prepared in advance, while his kinsmen all pleaded for mercy. The Emperor had long hated his younger brother Yindishi's wife Nieligun; he therefore said, "If Nieligun will die in his place, I will consent." Nieligun hanged herself in the mound, and together with the slave Nügu and the rebel Heluzhi was buried alive in it. Dielige was then pardoned.
76
五月乙亥，詔建孔子廟、佛寺、道觀。
On yihai day in the fifth month he ordered temples to Confucius, Buddhist monasteries, and Daoist abbeys built.
77
校勘記
Collation Notes
78
一：霞瀨益石烈張元濟校勘記 〈（以下稱張校）〉 引百官志一「石烈，縣也」，百官志二「弭裏，鄉也」，謂石烈下不應綴鄉字。 按國語解又以石烈為鄉，弭裏為鄉之小者。 石烈鄉，鄉字亦復贅。 檢下文太祖七年六月轄賴縣、營衛志下六院部轄懶石烈，均此名異譯。 鄉字衍。
1: Xiasiyishi Lie — Zhang Yuanji's collation note (Hereafter abbreviated Zhang Collation)〉 Citing Officials' Records 1 — "shilie is a district" — and Officials' Records 2 — "mili is a township" — he argues that the character for township should not follow shilie. According to the Explanations in the National Language, shilie is again taken as a township and mili as a lesser subdivision within a township. In "shilie township," the character for township is likewise redundant. Checking below — the sixth month of the seventh year of Taizu, Xialai County, and in Camps and Guards below, the Six Courts Department's Xialan shilie — all are variant renderings of this name. The character for township is superfluous.
79
二：伐河東代北代北，原誤「伐北」，據兵衛志上及永樂大典 〈（道光殿本考證引）〉 改。
2: Campaign against Hedong and north of Dai—north of Dai: the original erroneously read campaign north; according to Military Guards above and the Yongle Encyclopedia (Cited from the Daoguang Hall edition's textual verification)〉 the text is corrected.
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三：如迂王集會堝紀太宗天顯五年十月作如迂正集會堝。
3: Ruwang Assembly Mound — the Record of Taizong, fifth year of Tianxian, tenth month, gives Ruzheng Assembly Mound.
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四：夏四月丁未朔唐梁王朱全忠廢其主尋弑之錢大昕廿二史考異 〈（以下稱考異）〉 引歐陽修五代史記 〈（以下稱新五代史）〉 ，梁王即位在四月甲子，明年正月「弑濟陰王」。 此系之四月朔，誤。
4: Fourth summer month, dingwei new moon — Tang's Prince of Liang Zhu Quanzhong deposed his lord and shortly murdered him — Qian Daxin's Examination of Discrepancies in the Twenty-Two Histories (Hereafter abbreviated Examination of Discrepancies)〉 cites Ouyang Xiu's Historical Records of the Five Dynasties (Hereafter abbreviated New History of the Five Dynasties)〉 : the Prince of Liang took the throne on jiazi day in the fourth month; in the first month of the following year he "murdered the Prince of Jiyin." Placing this on the new moon of the fourth month is an error.
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五：河東李克用卒卒字，據張校補。
5: Hedong — Li Keyong died — the character "died" is supplied according to Zhang Collation.
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六：皇后急遣蜀古魯救之蜀古魯，儀衛志四作曷古魯，是。
6: The Empress urgently sent Shugulu to the rescue — "Shugulu": Ceremonial Guards 4 gives Hegulu, which is correct.
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七：問諸弟面木葉山射鬼箭厭禳馮家升遼史初校 〈（以下稱馮校）〉 云：問當作聞。
7: Question the younger brothers before Mount Muye about shooting ghost-arrows for exorcism — Feng Jiasheng's First Collation of the History of Liao (Hereafter abbreviated Feng Collation)〉 states that "question" should read "hear."
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八：晉幽州節度使盧國用來降按此為次年二月盧文進來降之重出。 考異又論是時幽州節度使為周德威，不能同時又是盧國用。 因文進為契丹平州節度使，遂誤以契丹所授之官為唐官。 輯本薛居正五代史 〈（以下稱舊五代史）〉 九七文進字國用，新五代史四八作大用。
8: Jin's military governor of Youzhou Lu Guoyong came to surrender — this duplicates Lu Wenjin's surrender in the second month of the following year. The Examination of Discrepancies further argues that at this time the military governor of Youzhou was Zhou Dewei and could not simultaneously have been Lu Guoyong. Because Wenjin was the Khitan military governor of Pingzhou, the office granted by the Khitan was mistakenly taken for a Tang office. The collated edition of Xue Juzheng's History of the Five Dynasties (Hereafter abbreviated Old History of the Five Dynasties)〉 97: Wenjin's courtesy name was Guoyong; New History of the Five Dynasties 48 gives Dayong.
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九：李嗣恩之子武八嗣恩，原誤「嗣本」。 按新、舊五代史李嗣本傳均不稱有子武八。 檢舊五代史五二李嗣恩傳：「有子二人，長曰武八┅┅戰契丹於新州，歿焉。」 據改。
9: Li Si'en's son Wuba—'Si'en': the original erroneously read 'Siben.' According to the biographies of Li Siben in the New and Old Histories of the Five Dynasties, neither mentions a son named Wuba. Checking Old History of the Five Dynasties 52, Biography of Li Si'en: "He had two sons; the elder was called Wuba—he fought the Khitan at Xinzhou and died there." The text is corrected accordingly.