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卷十七 本紀第十七: 聖宗八

Volume 17 Annals 17: Shengzong 8

Chapter 17 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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Chapter 17
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1
Shengzong, Part Eight
2
使使使使使 使使使 使使 使使 使 使 使 使 使
In the fifth year of Taiping, on yiyou day of the first spring month the court went to Hun River. On wuwu day of the second month bright gold and gold-thread brocade were forbidden throughout the realm; imperial clansmen who were entitled to wear them had to memorialize before use. That month the court went to Yu'er Marsh. On renchen day of the third month Left Grand Chancellor Zhang Jian was appointed Wuding Army military commissioner and Associate Political Affairs Commissioner; Zheng Hongjie was made Linhuang vice prefect; Liu Shenxing Liaoxing Army military commissioner; Wuding Army military commissioner Xiao Pide Khitan palace metropolitan garrison commander; and Privy Vice Commissioner Yang Youxuan Minister of Personnel, Associate Political Affairs Commissioner, and concurrent Privy Commissioner. That month the court went to Changchun River Yu'er Marsh, where the waters overnight roared like thunder, crossed sand ridges forty li, and formed a separate pond. In the fifth summer month the court took the summer retreat at Yong'an Mountain. Xiao Congshun was appointed Crown Prince Grand Preceptor; Wu Shuda Hanlin Academician; Daoist Feng Ruogu was promoted to Crown Prince Palace Companion; Yelü Chen Wuding Army military commissioner; Zhang Jian Zhangxin Army military commissioner; Lü Shizong Assistant Director of Rites; and Li Keju Shunyi Army military commissioner. In the seventh autumn month the court hunted at Pingdi Pine Forest. In the ninth month the court encamped at the Southern Capital. On jihai day Xiao Dilie and Li Shaoqi were appointed chief and deputy envoys to congratulate the Song Empress Dowager on her birthday, and Yelü Shouning and Liu Siduan chief and deputy envoys to congratulate the Song Emperor on his birthday. On xinwei day of the tenth winter month the Song Empress Dowager sent Feng Yuanzong and Shi Fang to congratulate the Shuntian Festival. On gengzi day of the eleventh month the court visited the inner orchard for a banquet, and people of the capital gathered to watch. Jinshi examinations were held and seventy-two candidates were selected; they were ordered to compose poetry and were ranked by skill; Zhang Yu and thirteen others were appointed Crown Prince proofreaders, and Han Luan and fifty-eight others Chongwenguan proofreaders. On xinchou day Left Guard attendant langjun xiangwen Xiao Luoluo was appointed Right yilibi. On dingsi day of the twelfth month Han Chinese palace metropolitan garrison commander Xiao Xiaoxian was appointed Upper Capital regent; imperial nephew Prince of Changsha Xiejianu Kuangyi Army military commissioner; and Yelü Renju Xingguo Army military commissioner. On jiazi day Xiao Shouning was appointed Palace Front inspector general of the imperial guard horse and foot. On yichou day Northern Privy Commissioner Xiao Hezhuo died. On wuchen day Northern Chancellor Xiao Pugu was appointed Northern Privy Commissioner. On jisi day Xiao Xie and Li Qi were dispatched as chief and deputy envoys to congratulate Song on New Year's Day. On gengwu day Associate Political Affairs Commissioner Liu Jing was appointed Shunyi Army military commissioner. On yihai day Song envoys Li Wei and Zhang Lun came to congratulate the Thousand Age Festival. That year, because the grain harvest in Yan was abundant, when the imperial carriage visited the people competed to offer local products. The Emperor honored the aged, benefited widows and orphans, and granted communal drinking. By evening the lamps of the six streets shone bright as day; gentry and common people amused themselves, and the Emperor also went incognito to watch. On dingchou day artisans were forbidden to destroy gold and silver vessels.
3
西 使 西使 使使 西使 使 使 西使 使 使 西 使
In the sixth year of Taiping, on the jimao new moon of the first spring month Song sent Xu Shi, Pei Jiji, Zhang Ruogu, and Cui Zhun with congratulations. On gengchen day the court went to Yuanyang Marsh. On jiyou day of the second month Miliji was appointed Associate Privy Commissioner; Huang Pian was made army cavalry commander with Dabguzhi as vice and Sheshi as overseer, and led troops to fortify the area between Hun River and Shumu River. Huanglong Prefecture requested three fortifications and ten beacon towers; an edict ordered them built during farming intervals. Eastern Capital regent Bage reported that Huang Pian had led troops into Jurchen territory to raid, capturing people, horses, cattle, and pigs beyond counting and receiving two hundred seventy surrendering households; an edict praised and instructed him. On wuwu day Yelü Ye was appointed deputy inspector; Imperial Uncle's Household Xiao Liushi and Tulügu were put in charge of the Northwestern Route Twelve-Ban Army and the Xi Prince's House Sheli Army. On jisi day the Southern Capital flooded, and envoys were dispatched to provide relief. On gengwu day an edict ordered the Tangut sub-tribe Taxi to establish a Khitan military commissioner to govern them. On the wuyin new moon of the third month Datong Army military commissioner Zhang Jian entered service as Southern Privy Commissioner, Left Grand Chancellor, and Political Affairs Commissioner; Associate Political Affairs Commissioner Wu Shuda was demoted to Assistant Director of Palace Construction and sent out as Dongzhou prefect. That month the Zubu invaded, and Northwestern Route pacification commissioner Xiao Hui defeated them. On the dingwei new moon of the fourth summer month Wuding Army military commissioner Yelü Honggu was appointed tiyin. On wushen day the Puloumaoduo tribe had many Wuren households; an edict ordered them surrendered. On bingyin day the court went to Yong'an Mountain. On xinmao day of the fifth month Eastern Capital army commander Xiao Kaogu was appointed Khitan palace metropolitan garrison commander. On guimao day Northwestern Route pacification commissioner Xiao Hui was dispatched to lead troops against the Ganzhou Uighurs. On xinchou day of the sixth month an edict ordered all official livestock branded on the left for identification. On wushen day of the seventh autumn month the court hunted at Heiling. In the eighth month Xiao Hui attacked Ganzhou without success and the army returned. From this the Zubu tribes all rebelled; Liao armies fought them and were all defeated; overseer Nieligu and Imperial Uncle's Household Grand Guardian Habülü were killed. An edict dispatched tiyin Yelü Honggu, linya Huage, and others to lead troops against them. In the ninth month the court encamped at the Liao River bank. On bingzi day of the tenth winter month chiefs of the Yasuguan tribes came to court. On gengchen day envoys were dispatched to inquire into the reason Xia State had fought Song in the fifth month. On xinsi day former Southern Great King Zhilugun was appointed chief xiangwen of Ugu and Dilie. On gengyin day Xiao Xiaoshun and Xiao Shaozong were appointed concurrent Palace Attendants; imperial son-in-law Xiao Shaoye Political Affairs Commissioner; former Southern Great King Huzhijin Associate Upper Capital regent; and Ange Tonghua Prefecture military commissioner. On yichou day of the eleventh month Song sent Han Yi and Tian Chengshuo to congratulate the Shuntian Festival. On wuchen day Northwestern Route pacification office sergeant Saogu accused pacification commissioner Xiao Hui of three crimes; an edict ordered overseer Aoguzhen to investigate. On gengchen day of the twelfth month the Yasuguan tribe requested to establish banners and drums; permission was granted. On xinsi day an edict ordered officials of north and south tribes inspecting prefectures and counties and shilie and mili posts who did not govern well to be dismissed. An edict ordered that officials great and small who were greedy, violent, and harmed the people be immediately dismissed and never again recorded; those who were not upright, even if holding heavy office, were to be replaced at once; those who were clean and diligent in self-restraint, even in low office, should also be recommended and promoted; members of the imperial clan who accepted bribes, when discovered, were to be punished under the same statute as common offenders. On wuxu day Du Fang and Xiao Yun were dispatched as chief and deputy envoys to congratulate Song on the Emperor's birthday. On gengzi day the court encamped at the Liao River.
4
使 西 使 使使使 使 使
In the seventh year of Taiping, on the renyin new moon of the first spring month Song sent Zhang Baowei, Sun Jiye, Kong Daofu, and Ma Chongzhi with congratulations. The court went to Hun River. On xinhai day Jurchen Bailü was appointed tiyin and Puma Grand Preceptor of the Yanmu tribe. On jiayin day the Puloumaoduo tribe sent envoys with tribute. On yiwei day of the fourth summer month the court hunted at Heiling. In the fifth month the court took the summer retreat at Yong'an Mountain. The Southwestern Route pacification office reported that the Yin Mountains produced gold and silver and requested a smeltery; approval was granted. Envoys were again dispatched along the Liao River source to seek mines producing gold and silver. In the sixth month all military colonies were forbidden to privately sell official grain. On guisi day an edict ordered Xiao Hui to campaign against the Zubu again. On the jihai new moon of the seventh autumn month an edict ordered laws and regulations revised. On gengzi day an edict instructed imperial son-in-law Xiao Cubu and Princess Nianmigun: "You will afterward have the status of parents; when the Empress visits in future and you reverently attend the ancestral spirits, reverently bowing before empty tents falls short of the rite of respect; hereafter you may set up portraits and bow before them." On yisi day an edict ordered that land within thirty paces on either side of the imperial carriage route that might not be cultivated was not subject to litigation. In the ninth month the court encamped at the Liao River. On the dingmao new moon of the tenth winter month an edict ordered all tent-palace illegitimate offspring to follow their mothers in rank. In the eleventh month Song sent Shi Zhongli and Shi Yisun to congratulate the Thousand Age Festival and Wang Bowen and Wang Shuang to congratulate the Shuntian Festival. On xinhai day Yang Youxuan and Xing Xiang were appointed examination supervisors. On jiwei day Kuangyi Army military commissioner Prince of Zhongshan Zhage, Baoning Army military commissioner Prince of Changsha Xiejianu, and Guangde Army military commissioner Prince of Le'an Suige memorialized that as each was about to take up his post he requested companions versed in history; permission was granted. On guihai day Three Han Prince Qin was appointed Qisheng Army military commissioner and Yang Ji Vice Minister of Justice. On jiazi day Left Thousand-Ox Guard senior general Yelü Guyü was appointed Northern Great King. On the dingmao new moon of the twelfth month Yelü Suiying and Wang Yongxi were dispatched as chief and deputy envoys to congratulate the Song Empress Dowager on her birthday, and Xiao Susa and Ma Baoyong as chief and deputy envoys to congratulate Song on New Year's Day. On guiyou day jinwu guard Xiao Gaoliu was appointed Xi Sheli Army xiangwen.
5
使使 西 使 使 使輿 西使 使使使
In the eighth year of Taiping, on yihai day of the first spring month the court went to Hun River. On gengshen day the Tangut invaded the border and were defeated. On jiazi day an edict ordered prefectural and county chief officials to encourage agriculture. On wuzi day of the second month Yanjing regent Xiao Xiaomu requested guard posts on the Juma River at the Song border for patrol; an edict approved. In the third month the court encamped at Changchun River. In the fifth summer month the court took the summer retreat at Yong'an Mountain. In the sixth month Han Ning and Liu Xiang were appointed chief and deputy envoys to congratulate the Song Empress Dowager on her birthday, and Wu Kehe envoy to congratulate Xia King Li Dezhao on his birthday. On guisi day Acting Northern Great King Yelü Zhengliu reported that in the eleventh month of this year the Crown Prince would take a consort and the tribes should prepare marriage-reception tents. An edict ordered thirty wealthy households to supply the expenses. On dingyou day of the seventh autumn month Yaolian tent langjun Chenge was appointed Northwestern Route inspector, jointly with Xiao Xie to administer the two pacification territories. Southern Great King Yelü Dilie was appointed Upper Capital regent. On wuxu day the court hunted at Pingdi Pine Forest. On the renchen new moon of the ninth month Bohai chancellor Luohan was appointed acting Eastern Capital army commander. On renzi day the court visited the Central Capital. Bei Dilie tribe military commissioner Yelü Yanshou requested to inspect the tribes and was granted banners and drums; an edict approved. On guichou day Zubu sub-tribe chief Hulan came to surrender. On yimao day Zubu chief Chungu submitted. In the tenth winter month Song sent Tang Su and Ge Huaimin to congratulate the Shuntian Festival. Privy Council commissioner and King of Wei Yelü Xiezhi's grandson's wife Awu reviled the imperial carriage; his grandson Guyu tried to conceal it; when the matter came out both were punished and their household was confiscated. An edict to Yan city officers and soldiers ordered that if the enemy arrives the garrison commander is to secure the southeast of the city, the supreme commander the northwest, cavalry and infantry to prepare for field battle, and the deputy supreme commander to repair walls and ramparts and drill troops, each training for his task. On bingshen day of the eleventh month the crown prince took consort the Xiao clan. Yelü Qiuhan was appointed Northern Court king; on the xinyou new moon of the twelfth month Yaolian grand marshal Xie Foliu was made Tianyun Army xiangwen. On renshen day former Northern Court king Yelü Liuning was appointed Shuang Prefecture military commissioner; Kang Jun was made Chongde Palace metropolitan garrison commander; Xie Shi Yongxing Palace metropolitan garrison commander; Lü Fen Yizhou military commissioner; An Liaozhou military commissioner; Yelü Ye concurrent Central Capital regent; and Yelü Helutu kui great general. On dingchou day an edict declared that though base-born offspring may have become commoners, they may not participate in household selection. On dinghai day Song sent Kou Zhen and Kang De to congratulate the Thousand Age Festival. Zhu Jian, Cao Ying, Zhang Yi, and Liu Yongzhao were to congratulate both palaces on New Year's Day of the coming year. An edict declared that the two imperial maternal uncles and the Southern and Northern Princes' Households are the state's nobility and that low-born commoners may not hold offices in those households. That year fifty-seven jinshi including Zhang You passed the examinations.
6
使 使使使使 使 使使使 使使 西 使 西使 使使 使使
In the ninth year, during the first spring month, the court returned from the Central Capital. On wuchen day of the second month envoys were sent to bestow goods on Goryeo King Qin. The court went to Galin River. In the fifth summer month the court took the summer retreat at Yong'an Mountain. On the wuzi new moon of the sixth month Changsha Commandery King Xiejianu was appointed Guangde Army military commissioner; Le'an Commandery King Suige Kuangyi Army military commissioner; Zhongshan Commandery King Zhage Baoding Army military commissioner and advanced to King of Lu; and Yuzhang King Tiebu Changning Army military commissioner. Yelü Sizhong, Yelü He, Yelü Hao, Yaolian Xie Foliu, Chen Miao, Han Shaoyi, Han Zhibai, and Zhang Zhen were appointed envoys to congratulate both Song palaces on their birthdays and on New Year's Day of the coming year. On the wuwu new moon of the seventh autumn month the court went to Black Ridge. On jichou day of the eighth month Eastern Capital Sheli Army xiangwen Da Yanlin imprisoned regent imperial son-in-law commandant Xiao Xiaoxian and Nanyang Princess, killed Revenue Commissioner Han Shaoxun, deputy commissioner Wang Jia, and Four Expeditions Army commander-in-chief Xiao Piede; Yanlin then usurped the throne, called his state Xingliao, and took the era name Tianqing. Initially in Eastern Liaodong territory, since coming under allegiance at Shence there had been no monopoly sale of salt or yeast, and market tolls at passes were also very lax. Feng Yanxiu and Han Shaoxun successively applied Yan's Ping Mountains regulations to constrain them, and the people could not bear it. Yan again suffered famine year after year; Revenue Deputy Commissioner Wang Jia again proposed building ships and having locals skilled in maritime affairs transport grain by water to relieve the people of Yan. Water routes were perilous and many ships sank; though people spoke of it they were not believed, and whipping, beating, and plunder followed until the people resented and thought of rebellion. Therefore Yanlin seized the opportunity, first killing Shaoxun and Jia to satisfy his followers. Yanlin had earlier plotted with deputy regent Wang Daoping; Daoping abandoned his family at night and fled over the wall, and together with Huang Pian, whom Yanlin had sent to summon from Huanglong Prefecture, both reached the mobile court to report the uprising. The Emperor immediately mobilized forces from all routes to advance and suppress in season. At the time imperial maternal uncle xiangwen Xiao Pide was stationed near Yanlin; he first led his command and household troops to seize strategic points, cutting off Yanlin's plan to cross west. Bohai Grand Guardian Xia Xingmei had also formerly commanded troops and garrisoned Ba Prefecture; Yanlin secretly sent a fast letter asking him to plot against commander Yelü Pugu. Xingmei then reported the truth; Pugu received the letter and killed eight hundred Bohai troops, cutting off the eastern route. Yanlin knew that Huanglong and Ba Prefecture would not join him, so he divided his forces west to take Shen Prefecture; its military commissioner Xiao Wangliu had just arrived, and his deputy Zhang Jie declared he wished to surrender, so they did not press the attack. When they learned it was a ruse the defenders were already prepared; they attacked but could not take the city and withdrew. At the time both Southern and Northern Jurchen followed Yanlin, and Goryeo also delayed its tribute. When forces from all routes arrived in succession, Yanlin defended the city stubbornly. On the bingxu new moon of the tenth winter month Nanjing regent Prince of Yan Xiao Xiaomu was appointed supreme commander, imperial maternal uncle xiangwen Xiao Pide deputy supreme commander, and Xi Six Tribes king Xiao Punu inspector general to suppress him. On the yimao new moon of the eleventh month the court went to Xianling. On bingyin day Shen Prefecture military deputy commissioner Zhang Jie was appointed military commissioner, and twenty-two imperial city jinshi including Zhang Renji and Zhao Mu entered court. They were tested with poetry and prose; all were granted ranks, and Ba Prefecture garrison commander Xia Xingmei was exceptionally appointed Associate Administrative Affairs Commissioner. On renshen day imperial son-in-law Liu Siduan was appointed acting supervisor of the Southern Court Xuanhui Bureau. On dingwei day of the twelfth month Song sent Qiu Yong and Han Yongxi to congratulate the Thousand Age Festival. Yelü Yu, Wu Kehe, Xiao Keguan, and Zhao Liyong were ordered as Song birthday envoys, and Yelü Yuanji, Cui Run, Xiao Zhaogu, and Dou Zhen as New Year's Day envoys for the coming year.
7
使使 使使使使 使使
In the tenth year, on the yimao new moon of the first spring month, Song sent Wang Yijian, Dou Chuyue, Zhang Yi, and Zhang Shiyi to offer congratulations. In the second month the court visited Longhua Prefecture. On the jiayin new moon of the third month xiangwen Xiao Pide returned from Liaodong and reported that supreme commander Xiao Xiaomu had built fortresses five li from each side of the city to besiege it. Imperial son-in-law Yanning and his sister escaped through a tunnel; only Princess Cui Ba remained behind and was detected by the wall defenders and stopped. In the fourth summer month the court went to Qianling. Yelü Xingping was appointed Guangping Army military commissioner, Xia Xingmei Zhongshun Army military commissioner, Li Yanhong Yizhou intendant, and Xiao Congshun promoted to Crown Prince Grand Preceptor. On wushen day of the fifth month the court took the summer retreat at Baipo. On renwu day of the seventh autumn month an edict ordered civil service examinations the following year. On bingwu day of the eighth month Eastern Capital rebel general Yang Xiangshi secretly sent surrender, and at night opened the south gate to admit Liao troops. Yanlin was captured and Bohai was pacified. In the tenth winter month the court halted at Changning Marsh. On xinhai day of the eleventh month Nanjing regent Prince of Yan Xiao Xiaomu returned victorious with the eastern expedition troops and appeared before the Emperor in martial dress; the Emperor greatly feasted and rewarded him. The next day Xiao Xiaomu was made King of Dongping and Eastern Capital regent; imperial maternal uncle xiangwen and imperial son-in-law commandant Xiao Pide was enfeoffed as King of Lanling; and Xi king Punu was promoted to Vice Director. Acting Yanjing regent and Vice Director Xiao Hui was appointed Yanjing supreme commander; the former supreme commander was made great general and military commissioner; Grand Chancellor and concurrent Privy Council commissioner Ma Baozhong was appointed acting Yanjing regent; and Xi Princes' Household metropolitan garrison commander Xiao Aguzhen was made Eastern Capital supreme commander. An edict ordered that Bohai old clans with merit and ability be appointed to office, while the rest were distributed to Lai, Xi, Qian, Run, and other prefectures. On yisi day of the twelfth month Song sent Mei Xun and Wang Lingjie to congratulate the Thousand Age Festival. Qishui Commandery King Yelü Dilie was promoted to Esteemed Father; Wugu Department military commissioner Xiao Puda was made Yishi Department king; and Left Vice Minister of the Masters Xiao Lin was appointed Linhai Army military commissioner.
8
In the eleventh year, on the jiyou new moon of the first spring month the court went to Huntong River. In the second month the court went to Changchun River. In the third month the Emperor fell ill. In the fifth summer month great rains fell; all rivers flowed across the land and lost their old channels. On the dingchou new moon of the sixth month the court halted north of the Dafu River. On jimao day the Emperor died at the mobile palace at age sixty-one, having reigned forty-nine years. In the first year of Jingfu, on renshen day of the intercalary tenth month, the posthumous title Wenwu Daxiao Xuan Emperor was elevated and the temple name Shengzong was granted.
9
西
The eulogy says: Shengzong succeeded while young, and government issued from the empress dowager. When Song forces attacked by two routes he personally donned armor; in one campaign he recovered Yan and Yun and defeated Xin and Bin, and in a second he trampled Hebei—is this not magnificent! Then when extravagant desire opened, fine armies proved ill-omened; in the east came the defeat at Cha and Tuo, in the west the loss at Ganzhou—this was the fault of trusting constant victory. Yet in his forty-nine years on the throne he cleared wrongs held over, promoted talent and conduct, scrutinized cruelty and greed, restrained extravagance and presumption, enrolled descendants of those who died in service, relieved poverty among the tribes, punished fawning disloyalty, and refused the return of Goryeo female musicians. Among Liao emperors who reigned long and whose good names are endless, was it not Shengzong alone!
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