1
兵衛誌中○禦帳親軍
Military Guards, Part 2 — Imperial Tent Guard Armies
2
漢武帝多行幸之事，置期門、佽飛、羽林之目，天子始有親軍。 唐太宗加親、勛、翊、千牛之衛，布腹心之地，防衛密矣。 遼太祖宗室盛強，分叠剌部為二，宮衛內虛，經營四方，未遑鳩集。 皇后述律氏居守之際，摘蕃漢精銳為屬珊軍。 太宗益選天下精甲，置諸爪牙為皮室軍。 合騎五十萬，國威壯矣。
Emperor Wu of Han made many inspection tours and created the Qimen, Cifei, and Yulin corps—the Son of Heaven first gained a personal guard army. Emperor Taizong of Tang added the Qin, Xun, Yi, and Qianniu guards and stationed them in the imperial core; the protective screen grew tight indeed. At Liao Taizu's rise the imperial clan was powerful; he divided the Dieci tribe in two, leaving the inner palace guard thin, and while campaigning on every side had no time to muster troops. While Empress Shulü kept guard at the capital she selected elite Fan and Han troops for the shushan army. Taizong further culled the realm's finest armor-bearers and set them at claw and fang as the pishi army. Combined they fielded five hundred thousand riders; national might stood full and grand.
3
大帳皮室軍：太宗置，凡三十萬騎。 屬珊軍：地皇后屬，二十萬騎。 宮衛騎軍
The great-tent pishi army was Taizong's creation—three hundred thousand riders in all. The shushan army belonged to the Earth Empress and numbered two hundred thousand riders. Palace-guard cavalry
4
太祖以叠剌部受禪，分本部為五院、六院，統以皇族，而親衛缺然。 乃立斡魯朵法，裂州縣，割戶丁，以強幹弱支。 詒謀嗣績，世建宮衛。 入則居守，出則扈從，葬則因以守陵。 有兵事，則五京、二州各提轄司傳檄而集，不待調發州縣、部族，十萬騎軍已立具矣。 恩意親洽，兵甲犀利，教練完習。 簡天下精銳，聚之腹心之中。 懷舊者歲深，增新者世盛。 此軍制之良者也。
Taizu took the mandate through the Dieci tribe, split the original tribe into Five Courts and Six Courts under imperial-clan control, yet personal guards were still wanting. He then set up the orudo law, split prefectures and counties, and drew off household men to strengthen the center and weaken the periphery. Plans were handed down and achievements continued; palace guards were raised generation after generation. Within they held the capital; abroad they escorted the ruler; at burial they were posted to guard the tombs. In time of war each supervisory office of the Five Capitals and Two Prefectures passed orders and gathered troops; without waiting on prefectures, counties, or tribes, a hundred thousand cavalry were already formed. Affection ran close, arms were keen, and drill was thorough and practiced. The realm's elite were culled and massed in the imperial core. Old loyalties deepened year by year; new strength waxed with every generation. Such was the excellence of this army system.
5
弘義宮：正丁一萬六千，蕃漢轉丁一萬四千，騎軍六千。 長寧宮：正丁一萬四千，蕃漢轉丁一萬二千，騎軍五千。 永興宮：正丁六千，蕃漢轉丁一萬四千，騎軍五千。
Hongyi Palace orudo: sixteen thousand registered households (zhengding), fourteen thousand Fan and Han rotating households (zhuanding), and six thousand cavalry. Changning Palace orudo: fourteen thousand registered households, twelve thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and five thousand cavalry. Yongxing Palace orudo: six thousand registered households, fourteen thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and five thousand cavalry.
6
積慶宮：正丁一萬，蕃漢轉丁一萬六千，騎軍八千。 延昌宮：正丁二千，蕃漢轉丁六千，騎軍二千。 彰湣宮：正丁一萬六千，蕃漢轉丁二萬，騎軍一萬。
Jiqing Palace orudo: ten thousand registered households, sixteen thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and eight thousand cavalry. Yanchang Palace orudo: two thousand registered households, six thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and two thousand cavalry. Zhangmin Palace orudo: sixteen thousand registered households, twenty thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and ten thousand cavalry.
7
崇德宮：正丁一萬二千，蕃漢轉丁二萬，騎軍一萬。 興聖宮：正丁二萬，蕃漢轉丁四萬，騎軍五千。 延慶宮：正丁一萬四千，蕃漢轉丁二萬，騎軍一萬。
Chongde Palace orudo: twelve thousand registered households, twenty thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and ten thousand cavalry. Xingsheng Palace orudo: twenty thousand registered households, forty thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and five thousand cavalry. Yanqing Palace orudo: fourteen thousand registered households, twenty thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and ten thousand cavalry.
8
太和宮：正丁二萬，蕃漢轉丁四萬，騎軍一萬五千。 永昌宮：正丁一萬四千，蕃漢轉丁一萬，騎軍一萬。 敦睦宮：正丁六千，蕃漢轉丁一萬，騎軍五千。
Taihe Palace orudo: twenty thousand registered households, forty thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and fifteen thousand cavalry. Yongchang Palace orudo: fourteen thousand registered households, ten thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and ten thousand cavalry. Dunmu Palace orudo: six thousand registered households, ten thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and five thousand cavalry.
9
文忠王府：正丁一萬，蕃漢轉丁一萬六千，騎兵一萬。
The Wenzhong princely establishment of Yelü Longyun: ten thousand registered households, sixteen thousand Fan and Han rotating households, and ten thousand cavalry.
10
十二宮一府，自上京至南京總要之地，各置提轄司，重地每宮皆置，內地一二而已。 太和、永昌二宮宜與興聖、延慶同，舊史不見提轄司，蓋闕文也。
Twelve palace orudo and one princely establishment, from Shangjing to Nanjing at key points, each had a supervisory office; in vital regions every palace had one, inland only one or two. Taihe and Yongchang should have matched Xingsheng and Yanqing; older histories omit their supervisory offices—probably a gap in the record.
11
南京：弘義宮提轄司。 長寧宮提轄司。 永興宮提轄司。 積慶宮提轄司。 延昌宮提轄司。 彰湣宮提轄司。 崇德宮提轄司。 興聖宮提轄司。 延慶宮提轄司。 敦睦宮提轄司。 文忠王府提轄司。
The Hongyi Palace supervisory office at Nanjing. The Changning Palace supervisory office. The Yongxing Palace supervisory office. The Jiqing Palace supervisory office. The Yanchang Palace supervisory office. The Zhangmin Palace supervisory office. The Chongde Palace supervisory office. The Xingsheng Palace supervisory office. The Yanqing Palace supervisory office. The Dunmu Palace supervisory office. The Wenzhong princely establishment supervisory office.
12
西京：弘義宮提轄司。 長寧宮提轄司。 永興宮提轄司。 積慶宮提轄司。 彰湣宮提轄司。 崇德宮提轄司。 延慶宮提轄司。 文忠王府提轄司。
The Hongyi Palace supervisory office at Xijing. The Changning Palace supervisory office. The Yongxing Palace supervisory office. The Jiqing Palace supervisory office. The Zhangmin Palace supervisory office. The Chongde Palace supervisory office. The Yanqing Palace supervisory office. The Wenzhong princely establishment supervisory office.
13
奉聖州：弘義宮提轄司。 長寧宮提轄司。 永興宮提轄司。 積慶宮提轄司。 彰湣宮提轄司。 崇德宮提轄司。 興聖宮提轄司。 延慶宮提轄司。 文忠王府提轄司。
The Hongyi Palace supervisory office at Fengsheng Prefecture. The Changning Palace supervisory office. The Yongxing Palace supervisory office. The Jiqing Palace supervisory office. The Zhangmin Palace supervisory office. The Chongde Palace supervisory office. The Xingsheng Palace supervisory office. The Yanqing Palace supervisory office. The Wenzhong princely establishment supervisory office.
14
平州：弘義宮提轄司。 長寧宮提轄司。 永興宮提轄司。 積慶宮提轄司。 延昌宮提轄司。 彰湣宮提轄司。 興聖宮提轄司。 延慶宮提轄司。 文忠王府提轄司。
The Hongyi Palace supervisory office at Ping Prefecture. The Changning Palace supervisory office. The Yongxing Palace supervisory office. The Jiqing Palace supervisory office. The Yanchang Palace supervisory office. The Zhangmin Palace supervisory office. The Xingsheng Palace supervisory office. The Yanqing Palace supervisory office. The Wenzhong princely establishment supervisory office.
15
中京：延昌宮提轄司。 文忠王府提轄司。 上京：文忠王府提轄司。 凡諸宮衛，丁四十萬八千，出騎軍十萬一千。 大首領部族軍
The Yanchang Palace supervisory office at Central Capital. The Wenzhong princely establishment supervisory office. The Wenzhong princely establishment supervisory office at Shangjing. All palace-guard orudo together mustered four hundred eight thousand household men and one hundred one thousand cavalry. Armies of great chieftains and tribes
16
遼親王大臣，體國如家，征伐之際，往往置私甲以從王事。 大者千餘騎，小者數百人，著籍皇府。 國有戎政，量借三五千騎，常留餘兵為部族根本。
Liao princes and great ministers governed the realm like a household; on campaign they often kept private troops to serve the throne. The largest kept over a thousand riders, the smallest several hundred, all entered on the imperial rolls. In wartime the court might borrow three to five thousand riders while the remainder stayed as each tribe's root force.
17
太子軍。 偉王軍。 永康王軍。 於越王軍。 麻答軍。 五押軍。 眾部族軍眾部族分隸南北府，守衛四邊，各有司法，具如左。 北府凡二十八部。
The Crown Prince's army. Weiwang's army. The Yongkangwang army. Yuwang's army. Mada's army. The Five-ya army. Mass tribal armies: tribal groups were attached to the Northern and Southern Courts to guard the four frontiers, each with its own judicial office, as listed below. The Northern Court comprised twenty-eight divisions in all.
18
侍從宮帳：奚王府部。 鎮南境：五院部。 六院部。 東北路招討司：烏隗部。
Attendant palace tent, attached to the Xi King's Household Division. Guarding the southern frontier, subordinate to the Five Courts Division. The Six Courts Division. Northeast Route Pacification Commission, attached to the Uwei Division.
19
東北路統軍司：遙裏部。 伯德部。 奧德部。 南克部。 北克部。 圖盧部。 術者達魯虢部。 河西部。 西北路招討司：突呂不部。 奧衍女直部。 室韋部。
Northeast Route Commander-in-Chief Office, attached to the Yaoli Division. The Bode Division. The Aode Division. The Nanke Division. The Beike Division. The Tulu Division. The Shuzhe Daluwo Division. The Hexi Division. Northwest Route Pacification Commission, attached to the Tulübu Division. The Aoyan Jurchen Division. The Shiwei Division.
20
西南路招討司：涅剌部。 烏古涅剌部。 涅剌越兀部。 梅古悉部。 頡的部。 匿訖唐古部。 鶴剌唐古部。
Southwest Route Pacification Commission, attached to the Niela Division. The Ugu Niela Division. The Niela Yuewu Division. The Meigusi Division. The Xiedi Division. The Nieqi Tanggu Division. The Hela Tanggu Division.
21
黃龍府都部署司：隗衍突厥部。 奧衍突厥部。 北唐左部。 五國部。 烏古敵烈統軍司：叠魯敵烈部。 戍隗烏石部：北敵烈部。 南府凡一十六部。
Huanglong Prefecture Deployment Office, attached to the Kuiyan Turkic Division. The Aoyan Turkic Division. The North Tang Left Division. The Five States Division. Ugu-Dilie Commander-in-Chief Office, attached to the Dielu Dilie Division. Garrison at Kuiwu Wushi, subordinate to the North Dilie Division. The Southern Court comprised sixteen divisions in all.
22
鎮駐西南境：乙室部。 西南路招討司：品部。 叠達叠剌部。 品達魯虢部。 乙典女直部。 西北路招討司：楮特部。 東北路統軍司：達馬鼻古德部。
Garrisoning the southwest frontier, subordinate to the Yishi Division. Southwest Route Pacification Commission, attached to the Pin Division. The Dieda Dieci Division. The Pindaluwo Division. The Yidian Jurchen Division. Northwest Route Pacification Commission, attached to the Zhute Division. Northeast Route Commander-in-Chief Office, attached to the Dama Biegude Division.
23
東北路女直兵馬司：乙室奧隗部。 東京都部署司：楮特奧隗部。 窈爪部。 稍瓦部。 曷術部。 戌倒塌嶺：訛仆括部。
Northeast Route Jurchen Horse-and-Arms Office, attached to the Yishi Aowei Division. Eastern Capital Deployment Office, attached to the Zhute Aowei Division. The Yaozhua Division. The Shaowa Division. The Yishu Division. Garrison at Daotawaling, subordinate to the Erbofu Division.
24
屯駐本境：撒裏葛部。 南唐古部。 薛特部。
Stationed in the native territory, attached to the Salige Division. The South Tanggu Division. The Xite Division.