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地理志四南京道
Geography Treatise IV — Nanjing Circuit
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南京析津府，本古冀州之地。 高陽氏謂之幽陵，陶唐曰幽都，有虞析為幽州。 商並幽於冀。 周分並為幽。 《職方》，東北幽州，山鎮醫巫閭，澤藪貘養，川河、泲，浸淄、時。 其利魚、鹽，其畜馬、牛、豕，其谷黍、稷、稻。 武王封太保奭於燕。 秦以其地為漁陽、上谷、右北平、遼西、遼東五郡。 漢為燕國，歷封臧荼、盧綰、劉建、劉澤、劉旦，嘗置涿郡廣陽國。 後漢為廣平國廣陽郡，或合於上谷，復置幽州。 後周置燕及范陽郡，隋為幽州總管。 唐置大都督府，改范陽節度使。 安祿山、史思明、李懷山、朱滔、劉怦、劉濟，相繼割據。 劉總歸唐。 至張仲武、張允仲，以正得民。 劉仁恭父子僭爭，遂入五代。 自唐而晉，高祖以遼有援立之勞，割幽州等十六州以獻。 太宗升為南京，又曰燕京。
Xijin Prefecture at Nanjing was the old territory of Ji. The Gaoyang era knew it as Youling; Yao as Youdu; Shun carved out Youzhou. Under Shang, You was folded into Ji. Zhou reorganized the region once more as You. The Offices of Region record northeast Youzhou with cult mountain Yiwulü, marsh Mo yang, rivers He and Cuo, and the Zi and Shi soaking-in lands. Its staples were fish and salt; its herds horses, cattle, and pigs; its grains millet, panicum, and rice. King Wu enfeoffed the Grand Guardian Shi in Yan. Qin organized the region into Yuyang, Shanggu, Youbeiping, Liaoxi, and Liaodong commanderies. Under Han it became the State of Yan, held in turn by Zang Tu, Lu Wan, Liu Jian, Liu Ze, and Liu Dan, with Zhuo Commandery and Guangyang State established at intervals. Later Han assigned Guangping State and Guangyang Commandery, at times joined to Shanggu; Youzhou was set up again. Later Zhou created Yan and Fanyang commanderies; Sui made Youzhou a grand protectorate. Tang installed a metropolitan grand protectorate, later the Fanyang military governor. An Lushan, Shi Siming, Li Huaishan, Zhu Tao, Liu Cong, and Liu Ji carved it out one after another. Liu Zong returned to Tang allegiance. Under Zhang Zhongwu and Zhang Yunzhong upright rule won the populace. Liu Rengong and his son fought in mutual usurpation until the land entered the Five Dynasties era. When Tang gave way to Jin, Gaozu rewarded Liao for supporting his accession by ceding Youzhou and the other fifteen prefectures. Taizong promoted it to Nanjing, also styled Yanjing.
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昌平縣。 本漢軍都縣，後漢屬廣陽郡，晉屬燕國，元魏置東燕州、平昌郡及昌平縣。 郡廢，縣隸幽州。 在京北九十里。 戶七千。
Changping County. It was Han Jundu County; Later Han Guangyang Commandery; Jin Yan State; Northern Wei founded Eastern Yan Prefecture, Pingchang Commandery, and Changping County. When the commandery was abolished the county answered to Youzhou. It lay ninety li north of the capital. Seven thousand registered households.
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潞縣。 本漢舊縣，屬漁陽郡。 唐武德二年置元州，貞觀元年州廢，復為縣。 有潞水。 在京東六十里。 戶六千。
Lu County. Formerly a Han county in Yuyang Commandery. Tang Wude year 2 created Yuan Prefecture; in Zhenguan year 1 the prefecture was abolished and the county restored. The Lu River flows there. It stood sixty li east of the capital. Six thousand registered households.
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安次縣。 本漢舊縣，屬漁陽郡。 唐武德四年徙置東南五十里石梁城，貞觀八年又徙今縣西五里常道城，開元二十三年又徙耿就橋行市南。 在京南一百二十里。 戶一萬二千。
Anji County. Formerly a Han county in Yuyang Commandery. In Tang Wude year 4 the seat shifted fifty li southeast to Shiliang town; Zhenguan year 8 to Changdao town five li west of the present site; Kaiyuan year 23 to the market south of Gengjiu Bridge. It lay one hundred twenty li south of the capital. Twelve thousand registered households.
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永清縣。 本漢益昌縣，隋置通澤縣，唐置武隆縣，改會昌，天寶初為永清縣。 在京南一百五十里。 戶五千。
Yongqing County. It was Han Yichang County; Sui Tongze County; Tang Wulong, then Huichang; at the opening of Tianbao it was renamed Yongqing. It stood one hundred fifty li south of the capital. Five thousand registered households.
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武清縣。 前漢雍奴縣，屬漁陽郡。 《水經註》，雍奴者，藪澤之名，四面有水曰雍，不流曰奴。 唐天寶初改武清。 在京東南一百五十里。 戶一萬。
Wuqing County. Former Han Yongnu County in Yuyang Commandery. The Water Classic commentary explains Yongnu as a marsh name: water on four sides is yong; stagnant water is nu. At the opening of Tang Tianbao it was renamed Wuqing. It lay one hundred fifty li southeast of the capital. Ten thousand registered households.
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香河縣。 本武清孫村。 遼於新倉置榷鹽院，居民聚集，因分武清、三河、潞三縣戶置。 在京東南一百二十里。 戶七千。
Xianghe County. Formerly Sun Village in Wuqing. The Liao founded a salt monopoly at Xincang; settlers clustered there, and households were carved from Wuqing, Sanhe, and Lu to form the county. It stood one hundred twenty li southeast of the capital. Seven thousand registered households.
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玉河縣。 本泉山地。 劉仁恭於大安山創宮觀，師煉丹羽化之術於方士王若訥，因割薊縣分置，以供給之。 在京西四十里。 戶一千。
Yuhe County. Formerly Quanshan land. Liu Rengong erected palaces and shrines on Daan Mountain; Wang Ruone instructed the court in alchemy; a portion of Jixian was detached to provision them. It lay forty li west of the capital. One thousand registered households.
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漷陰縣。 本漢泉山之霍村鎮。 遼每季春，弋獵於延芳澱，居民成邑，就城故漷陰鎮，後改為縣。 在京東南九十里。 延芳澱方數百里，春時鵝鶩所聚，夏秋多菱芡。 國主春獵，衛士皆衣墨綠，各持連鎚、鷹食、刺鵝錐，列水次，相去五七步。 上風擊鼓，驚鵝稍離水面。 國主親放海東青鶻擒之。 鵝墜，恐鶻力不勝，在列者以佩錐刺鵝，急取其臘飼鶻。 得頭鵝者，例賞銀絹。 國主、皇族、群臣各有分地。 戶五千。
Huoyin County. Formerly Huo Village in Han Quanshan. Each spring the Liao hunted at Yanfang Marsh; settlers formed a town around the old Huoyin fort, later raised to a county. It stood ninety li southeast of the capital. Yanfang Marsh covers hundreds of li; spring brings geese and ducks; summer and autumn yield water chestnuts and lotus. For the spring hunt guards wore dark green, spaced five or seven paces along the shore with linked maces, hawk bait, and goose awls. Drums upwind startled geese to lift slightly from the water. The ruler himself flew eastern-sea green goshawks to take them. If a goose fell and the hawk might fail, men in line stabbed it with belt awls and hurriedly took its fat for the hawk. Capturing the lead goose brought a standard reward of silver and silk. The ruler, imperial kin, and ministers each held assigned hunting grounds. Five thousand registered households.
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宋王曾《上契丹事》曰：「自雄州白溝驛渡河，四十里至新城縣，古督亢亭之地。 又七十里至涿州。 北渡範水、劉李河，六十里至良鄉縣。 渡盧溝河，六十里至幽州，號燕京。 子城就羅郭西南為之。 正南曰啟夏門，內有元和殿，東門曰宣和。 城中坊闬皆有樓。 有閔忠寺，本唐太宗為征遼陣亡將士所造； 又有開泰寺，魏王耶律漢寧造。 皆遣朝使遊觀。 南門外有於越王廨，為宴集之所。 門外永平館，舊名碣石館，請和後易之。 南即桑乾河。
Wang Zeng's Account of Service to the Khitan records: "From Xiongzhou's Baima post, forty li by ferry to Xincheng County, the old Dukang Pavilion site. Seventy li farther on lies Zhuo Prefecture. Crossing the Fan and Liu-Li rivers northward, sixty li to Liangxiang County. Sixty li beyond the Lugou River stands Youzhou, called Yanjing. The inner city hugged the southwest of the outer ramparts. The south gate is Qixia; inside stands Yuanhe Hall; the east gate is Xuanhe. Every ward and lane in the city had gate-towers. Minzhong Temple, which Tang Taizong raised for officers and men fallen on the Liaodong campaign; and Kaitai Temple, built by Prince of Wei Yelü Hanning. Court envoys were sent to tour both. South of the gate stands the Prince of Yu's hall, used for feasts. Beyond the gate is Yongping Hostel, formerly Jieshi Hostel, renamed after the peace accord. South lies the Sanggan River.
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順州，歸化軍，中，刺史。 秦上谷，漢范陽，北齊歸德郡境。 隋開皇中，粟末靺鞨與高麗戰不勝，厥稽部長突地稽率八部勝兵數千人，自扶餘城西北舉落內附，置順州以處之。 唐武德初改燕州，會昌中改歸順州，唐末仍為順州。 有溫渝河，白遂河； 曹王山，曹操嘗駐軍於此，黍谷山，鄒衍吹律之地，南有齊長城。 城東北有華林、天柱二莊，遼建涼殿，春賞花，夏納涼。 初軍曰歸寧，後更名。 統縣一：
Shun Prefecture—Guihua Army, middle grade, with a prefect. In Qin it was Shanggu; in Han Fanyang; in Northern Qi part of Guidde Commandery. Under Sui Kaihuang, Sumo Mohe lost to Goryeo; Jueji chief Tudi led several thousand warriors of eight tribes from northwest of Fuyu to submit, and Shun Prefecture was founded to receive them. Early Tang Wude renamed it Yan Prefecture; in Huichang it became Guishun; by late Tang it was again Shun Prefecture. It has the Wanyu and Baisui rivers; Caowang Mountain, where Cao Cao once camped; Taigu Valley, where Zou Yan tested pitch pipes; to the south runs Qi's Long Wall. Northeast of the city stand the Hualin and Tianzhu estates; the Liao built cool pavilions for spring blossoms and summer shade. The army was first called Guining, then renamed. It governed one county:
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懷柔縣。 唐貞觀六年置，治五柳城，改順義縣。 開元四年置松漠府彈汗州。 開寶元年改歸化郡。 乾元元年復今名。 戶五千。
Huairou County. Established in Tang Zhenguan year 6 at Wuliu town, renamed Shunyi County. Kaiyuan year 4 placed Songmo Protectorate's Tanhan Prefecture here. Kaibao year 1 it became Guihua Commandery. Qianyuan year 1 restored the current name. Five thousand registered households.
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密雲縣。 本漢白檀縣，後漢以居斤奚。 元魏置密雲郡，領白檀、要陽、密雲三縣。 高齊廢郡及二縣，來屬。 戶五千。
Miyun County. Formerly Han Baitan County; Later Han placed the Jijin Xi there. Northern Wei founded Miyun Commandery over Baitan, Yaoyang, and Miyun counties. Northern Qi abolished the commandery and two counties, which then belonged here. Five thousand registered households.
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行唐縣。 本定州行唐縣。 太祖掠定州，破行唐，盡驅其民，北至檀州，擇曠土居之，凡置十寨，仍名行唐縣。 隸彰湣宮。 戶三千。
Xingtang County. Formerly Xingtang County in Ding Prefecture. Taizu raided Ding, took Xingtang, and relocated the entire populace north to Tan Prefecture on open ground; ten stockades were founded and the name Xingtang kept. It answered to Zhangmin Palace. Three thousand registered households.
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范陽縣。 本漢涿縣。 唐武德中，改范陽縣。 有涿水、範水。 戶一萬。
Fanyang County. Formerly Han Zhuo County. In mid-Tang Wude it was renamed Fanyang County. The Zhuo and Fan rivers flow there. Ten thousand registered households.
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固安縣。 本漢方城縣，先屬廣陽國。 隋開皇九年，自易州淶水縣移置，屬幽州，取漢故安縣名。 唐武德四年屬北義州，徙治章信堡。 貞觀二年義州廢，移今治，復屬幽州。 在州東南九十里。 戶一萬。
Guan County. Formerly Han Fangcheng County in Guangyang State. Sui Kaihuang year 9 moved the seat from Yizhou Laishui to Youzhou under the old Guan County name. Tang Wude year 4 it joined Beiyi Prefecture and the administration shifted to Zhangxin Fort. Zhenguan year 2 abolished Beiyi and moved the seat here, again under Youzhou. Ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. Ten thousand registered households.
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新城縣。 本漢新昌縣。 唐大歷四年析固安縣置，後省。 後唐天成四年復析范陽縣置，在州南六十里。 戶一萬。
Xincheng County. Formerly Han Xinchang County. Tang Dali year 4 carved it from Guan County, then abolished it. Later Tang Tiancheng year 4 carved it again from Fanyang, sixty li south of the prefectural seat. Ten thousand registered households.
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歸義縣。 本漢易縣地。 齊並入鄚縣。 唐武德五年置北義州，州廢，復置縣來屬。 民居在巨馬河南，僑治新城。 戶四千。
Guiyi County. Formerly Han Yi County land. Under Qi it was merged into Mao County. Tang Wude year 5 created Beiyi Prefecture; when the prefecture fell the county was restored here. Households live south of the Juma River with government by proxy at Xincheng. Four thousand registered households.
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易縣。 本漢縣，故城在今縣東南六十里。 齊天保七年省。 隋開皇十六年，於故安城西北隅置縣，即今縣治也。 戶二萬五千。
Yi County. A Han county; its old town lies sixty li southeast of the present seat. Qi Tianbao year 7 abolished it. Sui Kaihuang year 16 founded the present seat at the northwest corner of old Guan town. Twenty-five thousand registered households.
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淶水縣。 本漢道縣，今縣北一里故道城是也。 元魏移於故城南，即今縣置。
Laishui County. Formerly Han Dao County; old Dao town stands one li north of the present seat. Northern Wei shifted the seat south of the old town to the present site.
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周大象二年省。 隋開皇十八年改淶水縣。 在州東四十里。 有淶水。 戶二萬七千。
Zhou Elephant year 2 abolished it. Sui Kaihuang year 18 renamed it Laishui County. Forty li east of the prefectural seat. Laishui River runs there. Twenty-seven thousand registered households.
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容城縣。 本漢縣，先屬涿郡，故城在雄州西南。 唐武德五年屬北義州。 貞觀元年還本屬。 聖歷二年改全忠縣。 天寶元年復名容城縣。 在州東八十里。 戶民皆居巨馬河南，僑治涿州新城縣。 戶五千。
Rongcheng County. A Han county first in Zhuo Commandery; its old town lies southwest of Xiong Prefecture. Tang Wude year 5 it joined Beiyi Prefecture. Zhenguan year 1 it reverted to its former jurisdiction. Shengli year 2 renamed it Quanzhong County. Tianbao year 1 restored the name Rongcheng. Eighty li east of the prefectural seat. All households live south of the Juma River with government by proxy at Zhuo Prefecture's Xincheng. Five thousand registered households.
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漁陽縣。 本漢縣，屬漁陽郡。 晉省，復置。 元魏省。 唐屬幽州，開元十八年置薊州。 有鮑丘水。 戶四千。 三河縣。 本漢臨朐縣地，唐開元四年析潞州置。 戶三千。
Yuyang County. Formerly a Han county in Yuyang Commandery. Jin abolished it, then restored it. Northern Wei abolished it. Under Tang it was Youzhou; Kaiyuan year 18 created Ji Prefecture. Baoqiu River flows there. Four thousand registered households. Sanhe County. Formerly Han Linqu territory; Tang Kaiyuan year 4 carved it from Lu Prefecture. Three thousand registered households.
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玉田縣。 本春秋無終子國。 漢置無終縣，屬右北平郡。 元魏屬漁陽郡治，省，唐武德二年復置。 貞觀初省，乾封中復置。 萬歲通天元年更名玉田，屬營州。 開元四年還屬幽州。 八年屬營州。 十一年又屬幽州。 十八年來屬。 《搜神記》：「雍伯，洛陽人，性孝，父母沒，葬無終山。 山高八十里，上無水，雍伯置飲。 人有就飲者，與石一斗，種生玉，因名玉田。」 戶三千。
Yutian County. Formerly the Spring and Autumn state of Wuzhongzi. Han founded Wuzhong County in Youbeiping Commandery. Northern Wei placed it under Yuyang Commandery, then abolished it; Tang Wude year 2 restored the county. Early Zhenguan abolished it; mid Qianfeng restored it. Wansui Tongtian year 1 renamed it Yutian under Ying Prefecture. Kaiyuan year 4 it returned to Youzhou. Year 8 it belonged to Ying Prefecture. Year 11 it was again under Youzhou. Year 18 it came under this prefecture. Search of the Supernatural records: "Yong Bo of Luoyang, filial, buried his parents on Wuzhong Mountain. The peak rises eighty li without water above; Yong Bo set out drink. Travelers who drank received a peck of stone; planting it yielded jade, whence the name Yutian." Three thousand registered households.
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景州，清安軍，下，刺史。 本薊州遵化縣，重熙中置。 戶三千。 遵化縣，本唐平州買馬監，為縣來屬。
Jing Prefecture—Qing'an Army, lower grade, with a prefect. Formerly Zunhua County in Ji Prefecture; founded in the Chongxi era. Three thousand registered households. Zunhua County began as Tang Ping Prefecture's horse-buying office, then became a county here.
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盧龍縣。 本肥如國。 春秋晉滅肥，肥子奔燕，受封於此。 漢、晉屬遼西郡。 元魏為郡治，兼立平州。 北齊屬北平郡。 隋開皇中，省肥如，入新置。 十八年，改新昌曰盧龍。 唐為平州，後因之。 戶七千。
Lulong County. Formerly the Feiru state. In the Spring and Autumn era Jin destroyed Fei; the Fei heir fled to Yan and was enfeoffed here. Under Han and Jin it lay in Liaoxi Commandery. Northern Wei made it a commandery seat and founded Ping Prefecture. Northern Qi assigned it to Beiping Commandery. Under Sui Kaihuang Feiru was abolished and merged into a new county. Year 18 renamed Xinchang Lulong. Tang made it Ping Prefecture and the name endured. Seven thousand registered households.
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安喜縣。 本漢令支縣地，久廢。 太祖以定州安喜縣俘戶置。 在州東北六十里。 戶五千。
Anxi County. Formerly Han Lingzhi County land, long defunct. Taizu founded it with captives from Ding Prefecture's Anxi County. Sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Five thousand registered households.
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望都縣。 本漢海陽縣，久廢。 太祖以定州望都縣俘戶置。 有海陽山。 縣在州南三十里，戶三千。
Wangdu County. Formerly Han Haiyang County, long defunct. Taizu founded it with captives from Ding Prefecture's Wangdu County. Haiyang Mountain stands there. The county lies thirty li south of the prefectural seat; three thousand households.
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灤州，永安軍，中，刺史。 本古黃洛城。 灤河環繞，在盧龍山南。 齊桓公伐山戎，見山神俞，即此。 秦為右北平。 漢為石城縣，後名海陽縣。 漢末為公孫度所有。 晉以後屬遼西。 石晉割地，在平州之境。 太祖以俘戶置。 灤州負山帶河，為朔漢形勝之地。 有扶蘇泉，甚甘美，秦太子扶蘇北築長城嘗駐此； 臨榆山，峰巒崛起，高千餘仞，下臨渝河。 統縣三：義豐縣。 本黃洛故城。 黃洛水北出盧龍山，南流入於濡水。 漢屬遼西郡，久廢。 唐季入契丹，世宗置縣。 戶四千。 馬城縣。 本盧龍縣地。 唐開元二十八年析置縣，以通水運。 東北有千金冶，東有茂鄉鎮。 遼割隸灤州。 在州西南四十里。 戶三千。 石城縣。 漢置，屬右北平郡，久廢。 唐貞觀中於此置臨渝縣，萬歲通天元年改石城縣，在灤州南三十里，唐儀鳳石刻在焉。 今縣又在其南五十里，遼徙置以就鹽官。 戶三千。
Luan Prefecture—Yong'an Army, middle grade, with a prefect. Formerly the old Huangluo walled town. The Luan River rings it below Lulong Mountain. When Duke Huan of Qi attacked the Mountain Rong he met the mountain spirit Yu—here. Under Qin it was Youbeiping. Han founded Shicheng County, later Haiyang County. In late Han Gongsun Du held it. After Jin it lay in Liaoxi. When Later Jin ceded land it fell within Ping Prefecture. Taizu founded it with war captives. Luan Prefecture lies against mountains and rivers, a strategic hinge between the northern marches and the Han heartland. Fusu Spring, exceedingly sweet, where Qin crown prince Fusu camped while raising the northern Long Wall; Linyu Mountain rises in sheer peaks over a thousand ren, looking down on the Yu River. It governed three counties: Yifeng County. Formerly the old Huangluo town. Huangluo River issues north from Lulong Mountain and runs south into the Ru River. Under Han it was Liaoxi Commandery, long defunct. Late Tang it passed to the Khitan; Shizong founded the county. Four thousand registered households. Macheng County. Formerly Lulong County land. Tang Kaiyuan year 28 carved out a county to facilitate river transport. Northeast lies Qianjin smeltery; east, Maoxiang town. The Liao detached it to Luan Prefecture. Forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Three thousand registered households. Shicheng County. Han founded it in Youbeiping Commandery, long defunct. Tang Zhenguan placed Linyu County here; Wansui Tongtian year 1 renamed it Shicheng, thirty li south of Luan Prefecture, where a Tang Yifeng inscription remains. The present seat lies fifty li farther south; the Liao relocated it beside the salt monopoly. Three thousand registered households.