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卷一百十一 列傳第四十一: 姦臣下

Volume 111 Biographies 41: Treacherous Ministers 2

Chapter 111 of 遼史 · History of Liao
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Chapter 111
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1
Xiao Yulili, Yelü Helu, Xiao Delite, Xiao Eduwo, Xiao Dalugu, Yelü Tabuye, and Xiao Tuguci
2
便 使 使 西 使 西使
Xiao Yulili, whose style name was Eduowan, was the second son of State Uncle Ala. He was obsequious and facetious, and excelled at needlework and other domestic crafts. During the Chongxi era he rose through his ties as an imperial in-law. At the start of Qingning he entered service as an attendant langjun, married the Princess of Zheng State, was made Imperial Son-in-Law Commandant, and was promoted step by step to Southern Court linya. When his father Ala was slandered by Xiao Ge, Yulili was posted out as military commissioner of the Fengxian Army. In the winter of the tenth year he was recalled to serve as Northern Court linya. During Xianyong someone reported that Yulili and his kinsman Shuzhe had plotted to kill Yelü Yixin; the inquiry found nothing, and he was sent out as military commissioner of the Ningyuan Army. After that Yulili read Yixin's wishes and threw himself into serving him, and was recommended for the post of State Uncle xiangwen. At the start of Dakang he was enfeoffed as Prince of Liaoxi Commandery. Yixin was then ruling arbitrarily: anyone who would not side with him was posted away. He brought Yulili in as Chancellor of the Northern Prefecture and concurrently put him in charge of Khitan mobile-palace deployments. When Yixin schemed against the crown prince, Yulili did much to make it succeed; he was then put in charge of Northern Court privy affairs and granted the title Meritious Subject of Sincere Support. He gave his niece in marriage to Yixin's son Suiye, and, trusting in his power, behaved with brazen arrogance, even uttering words that showed no regard for the sovereign; the court and the realm looked on in dismay. When the emperor sent Yixin out to administer Southern Court great king affairs, Yulili, as a member of Yixin's faction, was made military commissioner of the Tianping Army and sent home. Before long he was appointed Northwest Circuit pacification commissioner. He resigned on mourning for his mother and died.
3
Yelü Helu, whose style name was Hudujin, was descended from the Six-Divisions sheriguzhi. He was pliant and sycophantic, and eager to curry favor by any means. He entered office at the start of Qingning. As Yixin was promoting petty followers, Helu attached himself to him, won his trust, and was soon raised to Southern Court linya. When Yixin slandered the crown prince and killed the loyal and upright, Helu took part in many of his schemes. His younger brother Wuye also sided with Yixin; people at the time called them "the two villains." Yixin recommended him as Northern Court great king, and he died in that office. Wuye likewise rose to Southern Court great king.
4
使 西使使 西
Xiao Delite belonged to the palace division of Yaolian Khan Wokohan. He was adept at flattery and at reading others' expressions. At the start of Qingning, when Yixin was in power, Delite was heavily used and rose through Northern Court linya to associate administrator of Northern Court Xuanhui commissioner affairs. When the crown prince was deposed, Delite was sent to supervise his transfer to the Upper Capital. Delite hurried the journey along, would not let him step down from the cart, and repeatedly humiliated him in his daily needs and meals; on arrival he built a round earthen enclosure and imprisoned him there. During Dakang he was transferred to Southwest pacification commissioner, served as military commissioner of the Shunyi Army, and then became State Uncle xiangwen. In the fifth year of Shoulong he was charged with resentment and complaint; because of his age he was spared execution, his entire household was registered to Xingsheng Palace, and he was demoted to the Northwest Military Control Office, where he died. He had two sons, Demo and Eoli; during Qiantong, because their father had plotted with Yixin, both were executed.
5
使
Xiao Eduwo was descended from the State Uncle Shaofu branch. During Xianyong he was appointed seal-and-tally langjun. In the third year of Dakang, Privy Commissioner Yixin secretly harbored treasonous intent and had Defender of the Guard grand guardian Yelü Zhala falsely accuse Yelü Sala and others of plotting to depose the emperor and install another. An edict ordered an inquiry; when nothing was found, all were posted to offices outside the capital. Before long Eduwo divined Yixin's intent and, wanting to make the accusation stick, entered the palace with Yelü Tabuye and others to make a false confession: "Yelü Sala and the others plotted to kill Yixin and put the crown prince on the throne; I too was in on the plot. If I do not speak up now, I fear that when the matter comes out I will be punished along with the rest." The emperor was indeed enraged and transferred the crown prince to the Upper Capital. Eduwo married the imperial daughter, Princess of Zhao State, and was made Imperial Son-in-Law Commandant. Later he disagreed with Yixin and nursed a grievance; he was again executed for carriages and regalia that imitated the sovereign's. As Eduwo faced execution he told those present: "The earlier charge against Yelü Sala—Yixin taught me every word of it. He is afraid the truth will come out, so he kills me to seal my lips!"
6
使 使 使 使使 西使
Yelü Tabuye was descended from the Zhongfu branch. Because he excelled at cuju he won the emperor's favor; whenever he rode at full speed, the ball never left his stick. At the start of Xianyong he was appointed attendant langjun. He was on good terms with Yelü Yixin, and for that reason everyone at court feared him. When the crown prince was slandered and the inquiry found nothing, Tabuye sided with Yixin to make the charge stick; with Eduwo and others he secretly memorialized: "The crown prince's plot of rebellion was real; if I do not come forward first, I fear that when it is discovered I will be punished with the rest." The emperor believed them and deposed the crown prince. He was reassigned as deputy commissioner of Yanqing Palace. In the first year of Shoulong he became mobile-palace chief deployer. When Tianzu succeeded to the throne, Tabuye, as a partisan of Yixin, was posted out as military commissioner of the Tejian tribe. When Privy Commissioner Yelü Asi launched a sweeping purge of Yixin's old faction, Tabuye bought his way free. He was transferred to military commissioner of the Dilie tribe, then restored as commissioner of Dunmu Palace. In the first year of Tianqing he was posted out as Northwest Circuit pacification commissioner. He died of illness.
7
使 使 使便
Xiao Tuguci, whose style name was Hening, was a man of the Zhute tribe. He served during Chongxi, won renown for his ability, and was promoted step by step to Left Vice Censor. At the start of Qingning he served as Northern Court linya, then became associate Northern Court privy commissioner. He was quick and perceptive, skilled at reading the emperor's mood, and his replies always suited the sovereign's wishes. The empress dowager once said, "For any great matter, nothing can be decided without Yelü Huage and Xiao Tuguci." His favor grew greater day by day. He was put in charge of Northern Court privy commissioner affairs. In the sixth year he was sent out to administer Huanglong Prefecture. In the eighth year he was made Chancellor of the Southern Prefecture. Before long he became Northern Court privy commissioner, and an edict allowed him to act at his own discretion. In character he was surpassingly treacherous and fawning, greedy for gain, wilfully obstinate, and given to changing laws and institutions. After only a few months as privy commissioner, most of those he recommended proved to be partisans of Chongyuan; for this he was stripped of rank and made a commoner. Later his property was confiscated to Xingsheng Palace, and he died.
8
The commentary says: Shun exiled Gong Gong, and Confucius executed Shaozheng Mao—the standards for dealing with traitors were severe indeed. Later ages lacked such discernment and instead took traitors for loyal men and trusted them, not stopping until their poison had spread through the altars of state. Emperor Daozong's treatment of Yixin was exactly such a case. When he kept Yelü Renxian at court and campaigned against Chongyuan, it looked as though he truly had the state's interests at heart; who could have known that he was hiding a treacherous heart and biding his time to strike. Once he held power alone and had Zhang Xiaojie, Yelü Yange, and Xiao Shisan as his inner circle, he therefore committed evil without restraint or fear. First he slandered the empress, then killed the crown prince and his consort—the cruelty of the harm he wrought is truly lamentable. Alas! Among those whom a gentleman holds dear, none compare with the empress and the crown prince. Treacherous ministers killed them, yet he did not know; the assembled ministers spoke out, yet he did not understand. For a time the loyal and outspoken were nearly all destroyed or put to death. Even when at Black Mountain the emperor personally saw the grandeur of Yixin's retinue, only one character was struck from his princely title; not until he was found secretly hoarding armor and weapons was he put to death. Ah! Yixin's crimes truly could not be answered by death alone; yet it was also Daozong's dimness and want of resolution that had nurtured them. Men such as Xiao Yulili forgot their sovereign and sided with evil to gorge themselves on wealth and rank; though fortunate enough to die in their own homes, how could they escape the shame of a name that stinks forever!
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