1
英宗法天立道仁明誠敬昭文憲武至德廣孝睿皇帝，諱祁鎮，宣宗長子也。 母貴妃孫氏。 生四月，立為皇太子，遂冊貴妃為皇后。
Emperor Yingzong—honored after death as one who patterned himself on Heaven, established the Way, and united benevolence, brilliance, sincerity, reverence, literary glory, martial achievement, supreme virtue, broad filial devotion, and sagely wisdom—was named Zhu Qizhen and was the eldest son of Emperor Xuanzong. His mother was Noble Consort Sun. When he was four months old he was named crown prince, and Noble Consort Sun was at once elevated to empress.
2
宣德十年春正月，宣宗崩，壬午，即皇帝位。 遵遺詔大事白皇太后行。 大赦天下，以明年為正統元年。 始罷午朝。 丁亥，尚書蹇義卒。 辛丑，戶部尚書黃福參贊南京守備機務。 二月戊申，尊皇太后為太皇太后。 庚戌，尊皇后為皇太后。 辛亥，封弟祁鈺為郕王。 甲寅，罷諸司冗費。 三月戊寅，放教坊司樂工三千八百餘人。 辛巳，罷山陵夫役萬七千人。 丙申，諭三法司，死罪臨決，三覆奏然後加刑。
In the first month of spring in the tenth year of Xuande the Xuanzong Emperor died; on renwu Zhu Qizhen took the throne. As the late emperor had commanded, weighty state matters were laid before the Grand Empress Dowager for her ruling. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the following year was declared the first year of the Zhengtong reign. The midday audience at court was abolished. On dinghai the Minister of Works Jian Yi died. On xinchou Huang Fu, minister of revenue, was assigned to assist in Nanjing garrison and defense planning. On wushen in the second month the empress dowager was elevated to grand empress dowager. On gengxu the empress was made empress dowager. On xinhai his younger brother Zhu Qiyu was enfeoffed as Prince of Cheng. On jiayin superfluous spending across the ministries was cut. On wuyin in the third month over thirty-eight hundred performers of the imperial music service were dismissed. On xinsi seventeen thousand tomb laborers were sent home. On bingshen the three chief legal offices were ordered that no capital sentence might be carried out until it had been memorialized and reviewed three times.
3
夏四月壬戌，以元學士吳澄從祀孔子廟庭。 丁卯，以久旱考察布、按二司及府州縣官。 戊辰，遣給事中、御史捕畿南、山東、河南、淮安蝗。 五月壬午，戶部言浙江、蘇、松荒田稅糧減除二百七十七萬餘石，請加覆覈。 帝以覈實必增額為民患，不許。 六月丁未，令天下瘞暴骸。 辛酉，葬章皇帝於景陵。
On renxu in the fourth month Wu Cheng of the Yuan was enshrined in the Confucian temple. On dingmao, after prolonged drought, provincial and local officials were called to account. On wuchen censors and supervising secretaries were dispatched to destroy locusts south of the capital, and in Shandong, Henan, and Huai'an. On renwu in the fifth month the ministry of revenue reported that grain levies on abandoned fields in Zhejiang, Suzhou, and Songjiang had already been cut by more than 2.77 million shi and asked for another audit. The emperor refused, fearing a fresh audit would only raise quotas and burden the people. On dingwei in the sixth month the throne commanded every province to inter unburied dead. On xinyou the late Zhang Emperor Xuanzong was laid to rest at Jingling.
4
秋七月丙子，免山西夏稅之半。 八月丙午，減光祿寺膳夫四千七百餘人。 九月壬辰，詔督漕總兵及諸巡撫官，歲以八月至京會廷臣議事。 是月，王振掌司禮監。
On bingzi in the seventh month Shanxi's summer tax was cut by half. On bingwu in the eighth month the imperial kitchen staff was trimmed by more than forty-seven hundred. On renchen in the ninth month grain-transport commanders and provincial grand coordinators were told to reach the capital every year from the eighth month on for joint deliberation with the court. That month the eunuch Wang Zhen assumed control of the Directorate of Ceremonial.
5
冬十月壬寅，遣使諭阿台兒只伯。 辛亥，詔天下衛所皆立學。 十一月戊辰朔，日有食之。 十二月壬子，阿台朵兒只伯犯涼州鎮番，總兵官陳懋敗之於黑山。
On renyin in the tenth month envoys were sent to warn the Mongol leader Atai Erduoboke. On xinhai the throne commanded military garrisons throughout the realm to open schools. On wuchen, the new moon of the eleventh month, the sun was eclipsed. On renzi in the twelfth month Atai Erduoboke raided Zhenfan in Liangzhou; Chen Mao, supreme commander, routed him at Black Mountain.
6
是年，琉球中山、暹羅、日本、占城、安南、滿剌加、哈密、瓦剌入貢。
That year tribute missions came from Zhongshan in the Ryukyus, Siam, Japan, Champa, Annam, Malacca, Hami, and the Oirats.
7
正統元年
First year of the Zhengtong reign
8
正統元年春正月丙戌，罷銅仁金場。 庚寅，發禁軍三萬人屯田畿輔。 三月己巳，賜周旋等進士及第、出身有差。 乙亥，御經筵。
In the first year of Zhengtong, on bingxu in the first month of spring, the state gold works at Tongren were closed. On gengyin thirty thousand palace guards were set to farm the lands around the capital. On jisi in the third month Zhou Xuan and the new jinshi graduates received their degrees and posts according to rank. On yihai the emperor presided over the lecture on the classics.
9
夏四月丁酉朔，享太廟。 五月丁卯，阿台朵兒只伯寇肅州。 壬辰，設提督學校官。
On dingyou, the new moon of the fourth month, he performed sacrifice at the ancestral temple. On dingmao in the fifth month Atai Erduoboke struck Suzhou in Gansu. On renchen the office of provincial education intendant was created.
10
秋八月甲戌，右都督蔣貴充總兵官，都督同知趙安副之，帥師討阿台朵兒只伯。 九月癸卯，遣侍郎何文淵、王佐，副都御史朱與言督兩淮、長蘆、浙江鹽課。 欽差巡鹽自此始。 庚申，封黎利子麟為安南國王。
On jiaxu in the eighth month Jiang Gui, right censor-in-chief, was named supreme commander with Zhao An as deputy to take the field against Atai Erduoboke. On guimao in the ninth month Vice Ministers He Wenyuan and Wang Zuo and Vice Censor Zhu Yuyan were sent to oversee the salt monopoly on the two Huai circuits, at Changlu, and in Zhejiang. The practice of sending special envoys to inspect the salt administration dates from this. On gengshen Li Lin, son of the rebel Li Li, was recognized as king of Annam.
11
冬十一月乙卯，詔京官三品以上舉堪任御史者，四品及侍從言官舉堪任知縣者，各一人。 免湖廣被災稅糧。 十二月丁丑，以邊議稽緩，下兵部尚書王驥、侍郎鄺埜於獄，尋釋之。 乙酉，湖廣、貴州總兵官蕭授討廣西蒙顧十六洞賊，平之。
On yimao in the eleventh month ministers of third rank and above were told to nominate one man apiece for the censorate, while fourth-rank officials and palace remonstrators were to name candidates for county magistracies. Grain taxes were forgiven in the flood-stricken districts of Huguang. On dingchou in the twelfth month Wang Ji, minister of war, and Vice Minister Kuang Ye were jailed for slow handling of frontier policy, then freed. On yiyou Xiao Shou, supreme commander of Huguang and Guizhou, crushed the rebels of the sixteen cave districts of Menggu in western Guangxi.
12
是年，琉球中山、爪哇、安南、烏斯藏、占城、瓦剌入貢。 遣宣德時來貢古里、蘇門答剌十一國使臣還國。
That year missions arrived from Zhongshan in the Ryukyus, Java, Annam, Tibet, Champa, and the Oirats. Eleven Xuande-era tributary missions—including Gujarat and Samudera—were sent back to their countries.
13
正統二年
Second year of the Zhengtong reign
14
二年春正月甲午，宣宗神主祔太廟。 己亥，大同總兵官方政、都指揮楊洪會寧夏、甘肅兵出塞討阿台朵兒只伯。 三月甲午，錄囚。 戊午，御史金敬撫輯大名及河南、陝西逃民。
On jiawu in the first month of the second Zhengtong year the spirit tablet of Emperor Xuanzong was installed in the ancestral temple. On jihai Fang Zheng of Datong and Yang Hong, regional commander, led Ningxia and Gansu forces across the frontier against Atai Erduoboke. On jiawu in the third month the court held a jail delivery. On wuwu Jin Jing, investigating censor, registered and resettled refugees in Daming, Henan, and Shaanxi.
15
夏四月，免河南被災田糧。 五月庚寅，兵部尚書王驥經理甘肅邊務。 壬寅，刑部尚書魏源經理大同邊務。 丁未，免陝西平涼六府旱災夏稅。 六月乙亥，以宋胡安國、蔡沈、真德秀從祀孔子廟庭。 庚辰，副都御史賈諒、侍郎鄭辰振河南、江北饑。
In the fourth month drought-stricken Henan was granted remission of field tax. On gengyin in the fifth month Wang Ji, minister of war, was sent to manage Gansu frontier affairs. On renyin Wei Yuan, minister of justice, took charge of the Datong frontier. On dingwei summer tax was halved in the six drought-hit prefectures of Pingliang circuit in Shaanxi. On yihai the Song scholars Hu Anguo, Cai Shen, and Zhen Dexiu were enshrined in the Confucian temple. On gengchen Jia Liang, vice censor-in-chief, and Vice Minister Zheng Chen were dispatched to relieve famine on the North Huai and in Henan.
16
冬十月甲子，鎮守甘肅左副總兵任禮充總兵官，都督蔣貴、都督同知趙安為左、右副總兵，兵部侍郎柴車，僉都御史曹翼、羅亨信參贊軍務，討阿台朵兒只伯。 兵部尚書王驥、太監王貴監督之。 十一月乙巳，振河南饑，免稅糧。
On jiazi in the tenth month Ren Li, deputy commander in Gansu, was named supreme commander with Jiang Gui and Zhao An as his lieutenants; Chai Che of the war ministry and Censors Cao Yi and Luo Hengxin joined the staff to pursue Atai Erduoboke. Wang Ji, minister of war, and the eunuch Wang Gui oversaw the campaign. On yisi in the eleventh month grain was issued to relieve famine in Henan and taxes there were forgiven.
17
是年，琉球中山、撒馬兒罕、暹羅、土魯番、瓦剌、哈密入貢。
That year tribute came from Zhongshan in the Ryukyus, Samarkand, Siam, Turfan, the Oirats, and Hami.
18
正統三年
Third year of the Zhengtong reign
19
三年春三月己亥，京師地震。 辛丑，振陝西饑。
On jihai in the third month of the third Zhengtong year Beijing was shaken by earthquake. On xinchou relief grain was sent to famine districts in Shaanxi.
20
夏四月乙卯，王驥、任禮、蔣貴、趙安襲擊阿台朵兒只伯，大破之，追至黑泉還。 癸未，立大同馬市。 六月癸酉，以旱讞中外疑獄。 乙亥，都督方政、僉事張榮同征南將軍黔國公沐晟、右都督沐昂，討麓川叛蠻思任發。
On yimao in the fourth month Wang Ji, Ren Li, Jiang Gui, and Zhao An smashed Atai Erduoboke's army and chased the fugitives to Black Spring before turning back. On guiwei a horse fair was opened at Datong. On guiyou in the sixth month, amid drought, the throne reviewed contested criminal cases throughout the empire. On yihai Fang Zheng and Zhang Rong joined the southern expedition led by Mu Sheng, duke of Qian, and Mu Ang, right censor-in-chief, against the Luchuan rebel Si Renfa.
21
秋七月癸未，下禮部尚書胡濙於獄。 辛卯，下戶部尚書劉中敷於獄。 尋俱釋之。 八月乙亥，以陝西饑，令雜犯死囚以下輸銀贖罪，送邊吏易米，九月癸巳，蠲兩畿、湖廣逋賦。
On guiwei in the seventh month Hu Ying, minister of rites, was thrown into prison. On xinmao Liu Zhongfu, minister of revenue, was also jailed. Before long both men were freed. On yihai, with Shaanxi starving, lesser criminals were allowed to buy remission with silver and the proceeds were used to buy grain on the frontier; on guisi in the ninth month back taxes in the metropolitan districts and Huguang were canceled.
22
冬十月癸丑，再振陝西饑。 十二月丙辰，下刑部尚書魏源、右都御史陳智等於獄。
On guichou in the tenth month Shaanxi received a second issue of famine relief. On bingchen in the twelfth month Wei Yuan, minister of justice, Chen Zhi, right censor-in-chief, and others were arrested.
23
是年，榜葛剌貢麒麟，中外表賀．琉球中山、暹羅、占城、瓦剌入貢。
That year Bengal sent a giraffe as tribute and court and country alike rejoiced; missions also came from Zhongshan in the Ryukyus, Siam, Champa, and the Oirats.
24
正統四年
Fourth year of the Zhengtong reign
25
四年春正月壬午，方政破麓川蠻於大寨，追至空泥，敗沒。 二月丁巳，總兵官蕭授平貴州計砂叛苗。 閏月辛丑，釋魏源、陳智等，復其官，并宥棄交阯王通、馬騏罪。 三月己酉，詔赦天下。 壬子，賜施槃等進士及第、出身有差。 庚申，廢遼王貴烚為庶人。 丁卯，黔國公沐晟卒於軍。 癸酉，增南京及在外文武官軍俸廩。
On renwu in the first month Fang Zheng routed the Luchuan tribes at Great Stockade and chased them to Kongni, where he was killed and his army wiped out. On dingsi in the second month Xiao Shou, supreme commander, subdued the Jisha Miao rebels in Guizhou. On xinchou in the intercalary month Wei Yuan, Chen Zhi, and the rest were freed and reinstated, and Wang Tong and Ma Qi were pardoned for abandoning Jiaozhi. On jiyou in the third month a general amnesty was proclaimed. On renzi Shi Pan and the new jinshi graduates received their degrees and posts according to rank. On gengshen the Prince of Liao, Guihuang, was stripped of rank and reduced to common status. On dingmao Mu Sheng, duke of Qian, died on campaign. On guiyou salaries and rations were raised for officials and garrison troops at Nanjing and in the provinces.
26
夏五月庚戌，右都督沐昂為征南將軍，充總兵官，討思任發。 丁卯，錄中外囚。 六月乙未，京師地震。 丁酉，以京畿水災祭告天地，諭羣臣修省。 戊戌，下詔寬卹，求直言。
On gengxu in the fifth month Mu Ang, right censor-in-chief, was named supreme commander and southern campaign general to continue the war against Si Renfa. On dingmao the court reviewed prisoners throughout the realm. On yiwei in the sixth month Beijing shook again. On dingyou, after floods around the capital, the emperor sacrificed to Heaven and Earth and urged his ministers to examine their conduct. On wuxu an edict eased penalties and called for blunt counsel.
27
秋七月庚戌，免兩畿、山東、江西、河南被災稅糧。 壬申，汰冗官。 八月戊戌，增設沿海備倭官。 己亥，京師地震。
On gengxu in the seventh month grain taxes were forgiven in the flood-hit districts of the metropolitan regions, Shandong, Jiangxi, and Henan. On renshen superfluous posts in the bureaucracy were abolished. On wuxu in the eighth month new posts were created to defend the coast against wokou raids. On jihai Beijing was shaken by earthquake once more.
28
冬十二月丁丑，都督同知李安充總兵官，僉都御史王翶恭參贊軍務，討松潘祈命簇叛番。
On dingchou in the twelfth month Li An, vice commissioner, was named supreme commander with Wang Ao, censor-in-chief, on his staff to suppress the Qiming Tibetan rebels in Songpan.
29
是年，琉球、占城、安南、瓦剌、榜葛剌、滿剌加、哈密入貢。
That year missions arrived from the Ryukyus, Champa, Annam, the Oirats, Bengal, Malacca, and Hami.
30
正統五年
Fifth year of the Zhengtong reign
31
五年春正月己未，大祀天地於南郊。 二月乙亥，侍講學士馬愉、侍講曹鼐入閣預機務。 甲申，僉都御史張純、大理少卿李畛振撫畿內流民。 三月戊申，建北京宮殿。
In the fifth year, in the first month of spring, on jiwei, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on yihai, Lecturing Reader Ma Yu and Lecturer Cao Nai entered the Grand Secretariat to join in state deliberations. On jiashen Censor-in-Chief Zhang Chun and Vice Minister of the Court of Judicial Review Li Zhen opened relief for displaced people in the metropolitan districts. In the third month, on wushen, work began on the palaces at Beijing.
32
夏四月壬申，免山西逋賦。 丙戌，祈命簇番降。 五月，征麓川，參將張榮敗績於芒市。 六月丁丑，免兩畿被災田糧。 戊寅，錄囚。
In the fourth month of summer, on renshen, overdue taxes in Shanxi were forgiven. On bingxu the Qiming-cluster tribes submitted. In the fifth month the court marched against Luchuan; Deputy Commander Zhang Rong was routed at Mangshi. In the sixth month, on dingchou, grain tax was waived in the disaster districts of both capitals. On wuyin the court held a prison review.
33
秋七月辛丑，遣刑部侍郎何文淵等分行天下，修備荒之政。 壬寅，楊榮卒。 八月乙未，令各邊修舉荒政。 九月壬寅，蠲雲南逋賦。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinchou, Vice Minister of Justice He Wenyuan and others were sent through the provinces to put famine-relief measures in order. On renyin Yang Rong died. In the eighth month, on yiwei, every frontier command was ordered to press forward with famine relief. In the ninth month, on renyin, overdue levies in Yunnan were remitted.
34
冬十一月壬寅，振浙江饑。 壬子，免蘇、松、常、鎮、嘉、湖水災稅糧。 丁巳，廣西僧楊行祥偽稱建文帝，械送京師，錮錦衣衛獄死。 乙丑，沐昂討平師宗叛蠻。 十二月壬午，免南畿、浙江、山東、河南被災稅糧。
In the eleventh month of winter, on renyin, grain relief was sent to famine-stricken Zhejiang. On renzi grain tax was forgiven in the flood districts of Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou. On dingsi a Guangxi monk, Yang Xingxiang, pretended to be the Jianwen Emperor; he was shackled and sent to the capital, and died in the Brocade Guard prison. On yichou Mu Ang campaigned against the rebel tribes of Shizong and pacified them. In the twelfth month, on renwu, grain tax was waived in the stricken districts of the southern capital region, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Henan.
35
是年，占城、琉球中山、哈密、烏斯藏入貢。
That year embassies came from Champa, Ryukyu Chuzan, Hami, and Tibet.
36
正統六年
The sixth year of the Zhengtong reign.
37
六年春正月己亥朔，日當食，不見，禮官請表賀，不許。 庚戌，大祀天地於南郊。 乙卯，以莊浪地屢震，躬祀郊廟，遣使祭西方嶽鎮。 大舉征麓川，定西伯蔣貴為平蠻將軍，都督同知李安、僉事劉聚副之，兵部尚書王驥總督軍務。 三月庚子，下兵部侍郎于謙於獄。
In the sixth year, at the new moon of the first month of spring, an eclipse was predicted for jihai but never appeared; the ritual officials asked leave to memorialize the omen, and the Emperor refused. On gengxu he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On yimao, after repeated earthquakes in Zhuanglang, the Emperor sacrificed in person at the suburban altars and temples and sent envoys to offer sacrifice at the western mountains and passes. The court launched a major campaign against Luchuan, appointing Duke of Dingxi Jiang Gui Pacification General, with Assistant Commander-in-Chief Li An and Commissioner Liu Ju as his deputies and Minister of War Wang Ji as supreme commander. In the third month, on gengzi, Vice Minister of War Yu Qian was thrown into prison.
38
夏四月甲午，以災異遣使省天下疑獄。 五月甲寅，刑部侍郎何文淵、大理卿王文錄在京刑獄，巡撫侍郎周忱、刑科給事中郭瑾錄南京刑獄。 釋于謙為大理少卿。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiawu, owing to heaven-sent warnings, envoys were sent to review doubtful criminal cases across the empire. In the fifth month, on jiayin, Vice Minister of Justice He Wenyuan and Chief Minister of the Court of Judicial Review Wang Wen reviewed prisoners at the capital; Grand Coordinator Vice Minister Zhou Chen and Supervising Secretary Guo Jin of the Penal Section reviewed those at Nanjing. Yu Qian was released and appointed Vice Minister of the Court of Judicial Review.
39
秋七月丁未，振浙江、湖廣饑。
In the seventh month of autumn, on dingwei, relief was sent to famine victims in Zhejiang and Huguang.
40
冬十月丁丑，戶部尚書劉中敷，侍郎吳璽、陳瑺荷校於長安門，旬餘釋還職。 庚寅，免畿內被災稅糧。 十一月甲午朔，乾清、坤寧二宮，奉天、華蓋、謹身三殿成，大赦。 定都北京，文武諸司不稱行在。 癸卯，王驥拔麓川上江寨。 癸丑，免河南、山東及鳳陽等府被災稅糧。 閏月甲戌，復下劉中敷、吳璽、陳瑺於獄。 踰年，釋中敷為民，璽、瑺戍邊。 十二月，王驥克麓川，思任發走孟養。 丁未，班師。 左副總兵李安攻餘賊於高黎貢山。 敗績。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingchou, Revenue Minister Liu Zhongfu and Vice Ministers Wu Xi and Chen Yao were made to wear the cangue at Chang'an Gate; after ten days they were released and returned to their posts. On gengyin grain tax was waived in the disaster districts around the capital. On the new moon of the eleventh month, jiawu, the Qianqing and Kunning palaces and the three great halls—Fengtian, Huagai, and Jinshen—were finished, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. Beijing was made the fixed capital, and civil and military departments ceased to call themselves the traveling court. On guimao Wang Ji took the Upper River stockade in Luchuan. On guichou grain tax was forgiven in the disaster districts of Henan, Shandong, and such prefectures as Fengyang. In the intercalary month, on jiaxu, Liu Zhongfu, Wu Xi, and Chen Yao were jailed again. A year later Zhongfu was released to private life, while Xi and Yao were banished to frontier garrison duty. In the twelfth month Wang Ji overran Luchuan, and Si Renfa fled toward Meng Yang. On dingwei the army marched home. Left Deputy Commander-in-Chief Li An struck the remnant rebels on Gaoligong Mountain. He was routed.
41
是年，占城、瓦剌、哈密入貢。
That year embassies came from Champa, the Oirats, and Hami.
42
正統七年
The seventh year of the Zhengtong reign.
43
七年春正月甲戌，大祀天地於南郊。 二月庚申，如天壽山。 三月甲子，還宮。 乙亥，免陝西屯糧十之五。 戊寅，賜劉儼等進士及第、出身有差。
In the seventh year, in the first month of spring, on jiaxu, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on gengshen, he went to Tianshou Mountain. In the third month, on jiazi, he returned to the palace. On yihai half the garrison grain levy in Shaanxi was forgiven. On wuyin Liu Yan and the other jinshi received metropolitan graduate and lower degrees in graded ranks.
44
夏四月甲午，振陝西饑。 是月，免山西、河南、山東被災稅糧。 五月壬申，論平麓川功，進封蔣貴為侯，王驥靖遠伯。 戊寅，立皇后錢氏。 丁亥，倭陷大嵩所。 六月壬子，戶部侍郎焦宏備倭浙江。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiawu, grain relief was sent to famine-stricken Shaanxi. That month grain tax was waived in the disaster districts of Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong. In the fifth month, on renshen, rewards were granted for pacifying Luchuan: Jiang Gui was ennobled as marquis and Wang Ji as Earl of Jingyuan. On wuyin Lady Qian was made empress. On dinghai Japanese raiders overran Dasong guard post. In the sixth month, on renzi, Vice Minister of Revenue Jiao Hong was sent to ready defenses against Japanese pirates in Zhejiang.
45
秋七月丙寅，振陝西饑民，贖民所鬻子女。 八月壬寅，復命王驥總督雲南軍務。 九月甲戌，陝西進嘉禾，禮臣請表賀，不許。
In the seventh month of autumn, on bingyin, Shaanxi famine victims received relief and children sold by their families were bought back. In the eighth month, on renyin, Wang Ji was again placed in overall command of military affairs in Yunnan. In the ninth month, on jiaxu, Shaanxi sent up stalks of auspicious grain; the ritual officials asked to memorialize the omen, and the Emperor refused.
46
冬十月壬辰，兀良哈犯廣寧。 乙巳，太皇太后崩．十二月，葬誠孝昭皇后於獻陵。
In the tenth month of winter, on renchen, Urianghad bands invaded Guangning. On yisi the Grand Empress Dowager died. In the twelfth month Empress Chengxiao Zhao was buried at Xian Mausoleum.
47
是年，占城、瓦剌、哈密、琉球中山、安南、爪哇、土魯番、烏斯藏入貢。
That year embassies came from Champa, the Oirats, Hami, Ryukyu Chuzan, Annam, Java, Turfan, and Tibet.
48
正統八年
The eighth year of the Zhengtong reign.
49
八年春正月丁卯，大祀天地於南郊。 二月己丑，汰南京冗官。 戊戌，淮王瞻墺來朝。 丙午，荊王瞻堈來朝。
In the eighth year, in the first month of spring, on dingmao, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on jichou, redundant offices at Nanjing were abolished. On wuxu Prince of Huai Zhan Ao came to court. On bingwu Prince of Jing Zhan Gang came to court.
50
夏五月己巳，復命平蠻將軍蔣貴、王驥帥師征麓川思任發子思機發。 戊寅，雷震奉天殿鴟吻，敕修省。 壬午，大赦。 六月丁亥，侍講劉球陳十事，下錦衣衛獄，太監王振使指揮馬順殺之。 甲辰，下大理少卿薛瑄於獄。
In the fifth month of summer, on jisi, Pacification General Jiang Gui and Wang Ji were again ordered to take the field against Si Jifa, son of the Luchuan chieftain Si Renfa. On wuyin lightning struck the roof ornaments of Fengtian Hall, and the Emperor ordered the court to examine itself and reform. On renwu a general amnesty was proclaimed. In the sixth month, on dinghai, Lecturer Liu Qiu memorialized on ten points; he was thrown into the Brocade Guard prison, and the eunuch Wang Zhen had Commander Ma Shun put him to death. On jiachen Vice Minister of the Court of Judicial Review Xue Xuan was thrown into prison.
51
秋七月戊午，祭酒李時勉荷校於國子監門三日。 九月甲子，思機發請降。
In the seventh month of autumn, on wuwu, Administrator Li Shimian was made to wear the cangue at the gate of the Directorate of Education for three days. In the ninth month, on jiazi, Si Jifa asked to surrender.
52
冬十一月，宣宗廢后胡氏卒。 十二月癸未，免山東復業民稅糧二年。 丙戌，駙馬都尉焦敬荷校於長安右門。
In the eleventh month of winter the deposed Empress Hu of Emperor Xuanzong died. In the twelfth month, on guiwei, grain tax was forgiven for two years to Shandong families resuming cultivation. On bingxu Chief Commandant of Horse Jiao Jing was made to wear the cangue at Chang'an Right Gate.
53
是年，占城、安南、瓦剌、哈密、爪哇入貢。
That year embassies came from Champa, Annam, the Oirats, Hami, and Java.
54
正統九年
The ninth year of the Zhengtong reign.
55
九年春正月甲寅，右都御史王文巡延安、寧夏邊。 辛酉，大祀天地於南郊。 辛未，成國公朱勇，興安伯徐亨，都督馬亮、陳懷，同太監僧保、曹吉祥、劉永誠、但住分道討兀良哈。 二月丙午，王驥擊走思機發，俘其孥以獻。 召驥還。 三月辛亥朔，新建太學成，釋奠於先師孔子。 甲子，朱勇等師還。 楊士奇卒。 乙丑，敘征兀良哈功，封陳懷平鄉伯，馬亮招遠伯； 成國公朱勇等進秩有差。
In the ninth year, in the first month of spring, on jiayin, Right Censor-in-Chief Wang Wen inspected the Yan'an and Ningxia frontier. On xinyou he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On xinwei Duke of Chengguo Zhu Yong, Earl of Xing'an Xu Heng, Commanders Ma Liang and Chen Huai, and the eunuchs Sengbao, Cao Jixiang, Liu Yongcheng, and Dan Zhu took separate routes against the Urianghad. In the second month, on bingwu, Wang Ji drove off Si Jifa and sent his family to the capital as captives. Wang Ji was recalled. On the new moon of the third month, xinhai, the newly built Directorate of Education was finished and libation was offered to Confucius as First Teacher. On jiazi the armies of Zhu Yong and the others marched home. Yang Shiqi died. On yichou rewards were granted for the Urianghad campaign: Chen Huai was enfeoffed Earl of Pingxiang and Ma Liang Earl of Zhaoyuan; Duke of Chengguo Zhu Yong and the others were promoted in graded ranks.
56
夏四月丙戌，翰林學士陳循直文淵閣，預機務。 丁亥，振沙州及赤斤蒙古饑。 五月己未，命法司錄在京刑獄，刑部侍郎馬昂錄南京刑獄。 六月壬午，振湖廣、貴州蠻饑。
In the fourth month of summer, on bingxu, Hanlin Academician Chen Xun joined the Wenyuan Pavilion of the Grand Secretariat to take part in state deliberations. On dinghai grain relief was sent to famine victims in Shazhou and among the Chijin Mongols. In the fifth month, on jiwei, the legal offices were ordered to review prisoners at the capital; Vice Minister of Justice Ma Ang reviewed those at Nanjing. In the sixth month, on renwu, relief was sent to famine among the tribes of Huguang and Guizhou.
57
秋七月己酉，下駙馬都尉石璟於獄。 處州賊葉宗留盜福安銀礦，殺福建參議竺淵，癸丑，免河南被災稅糧。 閏月戊寅，復開福建、浙江銀場。 甲申，瘞暴骸。 壬寅，雷震奉先殿鴟吻。 八月庚戌，免陝西被災稅糧，贖民所鬻子女。 甲戌，敕邊將備瓦剌也先。 九月丁亥，靖遠伯王驥、右都御史陳鎰經理西北邊備。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiyou, Chief Commandant of Horse Shi Jing was thrown into prison. Ye Zongliu of Chuzhou raided the silver mine at Fu'an and killed Fujian Administration Commissioner Zhu Yuan. On guichou grain tax was waived in the disaster districts of Henan. In the intercalary month, on wuyin, silver mines in Fujian and Zhejiang were reopened. On jiashen unburied corpses were interred. On renyin lightning struck the roof ornaments of Fengxian Hall. In the eighth month, on gengxu, grain tax was waived in disaster-stricken Shaanxi and children sold by their families were bought back. On jiaxu frontier generals were ordered to ready defenses against Esen of the Oirats. In the ninth month, on dinghai, Earl of Jingyuan Wang Ji and Right Censor-in-Chief Chen Yi were put in charge of northwestern frontier defenses.
58
冬十月丙午朔，日有食之。 庚午，兀良哈貢馬謝罪。
In the tenth month of winter, on the new moon of bingwu, the sun was eclipsed. On gengwu the Wuliangha brought tribute horses and sued for pardon.
59
是年，兩畿、山東、河南、浙江、湖廣大水，江河皆溢。 暹羅、琉球中山、瓦剌、安南、烏斯藏、滿剌加入貢。
That year catastrophic floods struck the Two Capitals districts, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, and Huguang, and rivers burst their banks everywhere. Siam, Ryukyu's Zhongshan domain, the Oirats, Annam, Tibet, and Malacca sent tribute missions.
60
正統十年
Zhengtong 10
61
十年春正月丙戌，大祀天地於南郊。 戊子，詔舉智勇之士。 二月丁巳，京師地震。 己未，免陝西逋賦。 丙寅，兀良哈貢馬，請貸犯邊者罪，不許。 壬申，如天壽山。 三月丙子，還宮。 庚辰，思機發入貢謝罪。 庚寅，賜商輅等進士及第、出身有差。
In spring of the tenth year, the first month, on bingxu, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On wuzi the court called for men of wisdom and courage to be recommended. In the second month, on dingsi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On jiwei Shaanxi's tax arrears were remitted. On bingyin the Wuliangha brought tribute horses and begged pardon for border raiders; the court refused. On renshen he traveled to Tianshou Mountain. In the third month, on bingzi, he returned to the palace. On gengchen Si Jifa sent a tribute mission to sue for pardon. On gengyin Shang Lu and other jinshi received metropolitan graduate and lower degrees in graded ranks.
62
夏四月甲辰朔，日有食之。 庚申，詔所在有司飼逃民復業及流移就食者。 六月乙丑，振陝西饑，免田租三之二。
In summer, the fourth month, on the new-moon day jiachen, the sun was eclipsed. On gengshen the throne ordered local officials everywhere to feed refugees returning to their fields and migrants seeking relief. In the sixth month, on yichou, grain relief was sent to famine in Shaanxi and two-thirds of the field tax was remitted.
63
秋七月乙未，減糶河南、懷慶倉粟，濟山、陝饑。 八月癸丑，免湖廣旱災秋糧。 丙辰，免蘇、松、嘉、湖十四府州水災秋糧。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yiwei, grain from the Henan and Huaiqing warehouses was sold cheap to relieve famine in Shandong and Shaanxi. In the eighth month, on guichou, Huguang's autumn grain tax for drought-stricken areas was remitted. On bingchen the autumn grain tax was remitted in fourteen prefectures and districts of Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou damaged by flood.
64
冬十月戊辰，侍讀學士苗衷為兵部侍郎，侍講學士高穀為工部侍郎，並入閣預機務。 十二月丙辰，緬甸獲思任發，斬其首送京師。 壬戌，輸河南粟振陝西饑。 [1]廣西總兵官安遠侯柳溥討平慶遠叛蠻。
In winter, the tenth month, on wuchen, Miao Zhong, reader-in-waiting, was appointed vice minister of war and Gao Gu, lecturer-in-waiting, vice minister of works; both entered the Grand Secretariat to share in deliberation. In the twelfth month, on bingchen, Burma seized Si Renfa, beheaded him, and sent the head to the capital. On renxu grain from Henan was shipped to relieve famine in Shaanxi. [1] Liu Bo, Marquis of Anyuan and commander-in-chief of Guangxi, pacified the rebel tribes of Qingyuan.
65
是年，琉球中山、哈密、亦力把里、安南、占城、滿剌加、錫蘭山、撒馬兒罕、烏斯藏入貢。
That year Ryukyu's Zhongshan domain, Hami, Ili Balik, Annam, Champa, Malacca, Ceylon, Samarkand, and Tibet sent tribute missions.
66
正統十一年
Zhengtong 11
67
十一年春正月己卯，大祀天地於南郊。 庚辰，予太監王振等弟姪世襲錦衣衛官。 二月辛酉，異氣見華蓋、奉天殿，遣官祭告天地。 癸亥，詔卹刑獄。 三月戊辰，下戶部尚書王佐、刑部尚書金濂、右都御史陳鎰等於錦衣衛獄，尋釋之。 壬申，御史柳華督福建、浙江、江西兵討礦賊。 癸酉，如天壽山．庚辰，還宮。
In spring of the eleventh year, the first month, on jimao, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On gengchen the younger brothers and nephews of the eunuch Wang Zhen were granted hereditary posts in the Brocade Guard. In the second month, on xinyou, strange lights appeared over Huagai and the Hall of Imperial Supremacy, and envoys were sent to sacrifice and report to Heaven and Earth. On guihai the court ordered compassionate treatment of prisoners. In the third month, on wuchen, Wang Zuo, minister of revenue, Jin Lian, minister of justice, Chen Yi, censor-in-chief of the right, and others were cast into the Brocade Guard prison and soon released. On renshen Censor Liu Hua took command of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi troops to suppress mining bandits. On guiyou he traveled to Tianshou Mountain; on gengchen he returned to the palace.
68
夏六月丙辰，京師地震。
In summer, the sixth month, on bingchen, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
69
秋七月癸酉，增市廛稅鈔。 庚辰，楊溥卒。 八月戊戌，免湖廣被災秋糧。 庚申，下吏部尚書王直等於獄，尋釋之。 九月辛巳，廣西瑤叛，執化州知州茅自得，殺千戶汪義。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guiyou, market-stall taxes paid in paper notes were raised. On gengchen Yang Pu died. In the eighth month, on wuxu, Huguang's autumn grain tax for stricken areas was remitted. On gengshen Wang Zhi, minister of personnel, and others were imprisoned and soon released. In the ninth month, on xinsi, the Yao of Guangxi rose in revolt, seized Huazhou Prefect Mao Zide, and killed Chiliarch Wang Yi.
70
冬十月甲寅，遣給事中、御史分賚諸邊軍士。 十一月壬申，減殊死以下罪。
In winter, the tenth month, on jiayin, supervising secretaries and censors were sent in separate parties to bestow gifts on frontier soldiers. In the eleventh month, on renshen, punishments short of extraordinary capital crimes were reduced.
71
是年，琉球中山、暹羅、安南、爪哇、回回哈密、占城、亦力把里、撒馬兒罕、烏斯藏入貢。
That year Ryukyu's Zhongshan domain, Siam, Annam, Java, Muslim Hami, Champa, Ili Balik, Samarkand, and Tibet sent tribute missions.
72
正統十二年
Zhengtong 12
73
十二年春正月癸酉，大祀天地於南郊。 三月癸亥，如天壽山。 庚午，還宮。 丙子，免杭、嘉、湖被災秋糧。
In spring of the twelfth year, the first month, on guiyou, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the third month, on guihai, he traveled to Tianshou Mountain. On gengwu he returned to the palace. On bingzi the autumn grain tax was remitted in Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou for stricken areas.
74
夏四月丁巳，免蘇、松、常、鎮被災秋糧。 五月己亥，大理少卿張驥振濟寧及淮、揚饑。
In summer, the fourth month, on dingsi, the autumn grain tax was remitted in Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang for stricken areas. In the fifth month, on jihai, Zhang Ji, assistant minister of justice, brought relief to famine in Jining and along the Huai and Yangzi.
75
秋七月甲辰，敕各邊練軍備瓦剌。 八月庚申朔，日有食之。 九月乙未，馬愉卒。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiachen, the throne ordered every frontier to drill troops against the Oirats. In the eighth month, on the new-moon day gengshen, the sun was eclipsed. In the ninth month, on yiwei, Ma Yu died.
76
是年，琉球中山、安南、占城、瓦剌、爪哇、哈密、暹羅入貢。
That year Ryukyu's Zhongshan domain, Annam, Champa, the Oirats, Java, and Hami sent tribute missions.
77
正統十三年
Zhengtong 13
78
十三年春正月丁酉，大祀天地於南郊。 三月戊子，詔責孟養宣慰司獻思機發。 壬寅，賜彭時等進士及第、出身有差。 王驥仍總督軍務，都督同知宮聚為平蠻將軍，充總兵官，帥師討思機發。
In spring of the thirteenth year, the first month, on dingyou, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the third month, on wuzi, an edict rebuked the Mengyang Pacification Commission for sheltering Si Jifa. On renyin Peng Shi and other jinshi received metropolitan graduate and lower degrees in graded ranks. Wang Ji remained supreme commander; Gong Ju, vice commissioner-in-chief, was made General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and acting commander-in-chief and marched against Si Jifa.
79
夏四月，免浙江、江西、湖廣被災秋糧。 五月丙戌，遣使捕山東蝗。 甲辰，刑部侍郎丁鉉撫輯河南、山東災民。
In summer, the fourth month, the autumn grain tax was remitted in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Huguang for stricken areas. In the fifth month, on bingxu, envoys were sent to capture locusts in Shandong. On jiachen Ding Xuan, vice minister of justice, pacified disaster victims in Henan and Shandong.
80
秋七月乙酉，河決大名，沒三百餘里，遣使蠲振。 己酉，河決河南，沒曹、濮、東昌，潰壽張沙灣，壞運道，工部侍郎王永和治之。 八月乙卯，福建賊鄧茂七作亂。 甲戌，命御史丁瑄捕之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yiyou, the Yellow River burst at Daming and flooded more than three hundred li; envoys were sent to remit taxes and give relief. On jiyou the Yellow River burst in Henan, flooding Cao, Pu, and Dongchang, breaching Shazhang in Shouzhang and wrecking the transport route; Wang Yonghe, vice minister of works, undertook repairs. In the eighth month, on yimao, the Fujian bandit Deng Maoji rose in rebellion. On jiaxu Censor Ding Xuan was ordered to capture him.
81
冬十一月丙戌，寧陽侯陳懋充總兵官，保定伯梁珤、平江伯陳豫副之，太監曹吉祥、王瑾提督火器，刑部尚書金濂參贊軍務，討鄧茂七。 甲辰，處州賊流劫金華諸縣。 庚戌，永康侯徐安備倭山東。 十二月庚午，廣東瑤賊作亂。
In winter, the eleventh month, on bingxu, Chen Mao, Marquis of Ningyang, was made acting commander-in-chief with Liang Yao, Earl of Baoding, and Chen Yu, Earl of Pingjiang, as deputies; the eunuchs Cao Jixiang and Wang Jin supervised firearms; Jin Lian, minister of justice, assisted in the campaign against Deng Maoji. On jiachen Chuzhou bandits raided and plundered the counties of Jinhua. On gengxu Xu An, Marquis of Yongkang, prepared coastal defenses against Japanese pirates in Shandong. In the twelfth month, on gengwu, Yao bandits rose in rebellion in Guangdong.
82
是年，琉球中山、安南、占城入貢．瓦剌貢使三千人，賞不如例，遂構釁。
That year Ryukyu's Zhongshan domain, Annam, and Champa sent tribute missions. The Oirats sent three thousand tribute envoys; rewards fell short of precedent, and trouble followed.
83
正統十四年
Zhengtong 14
84
十四年春正月甲午，大祀天地於南郊。 乙巳，免浙江、福建銀課。 二月丁巳，御史丁瑄、指揮劉福擊斬鄧茂七於延平。 己巳，王驥破思機發於金沙江，又破之鬼哭山，班師。 辛未，指揮僉事徐恭充總兵官，討處州賊葉宗留，工部尚書石璞參贊軍務。 三月戊子，如天壽山。 癸巳，還宮。
In spring of the fourteenth year, the first month, on jiawu, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On yisi the silver-mining levy was remitted in Zhejiang and Fujian. In the second month, on dingsi, Censor Ding Xuan and Commander Liu Fu attacked and beheaded Deng Maoji at Yanping. On jisi Wang Ji routed Si Jifa at the Jinsha River and again at Ghost Weeping Mountain, then withdrew the army. On xinwei Commander Xu Gong was made acting commander-in-chief to attack the Chuzhou bandit Ye Zongliu; Shi Pu, minister of works, assisted in the campaign. In the third month, on wuzi, he traveled to Tianshou Mountain. On guisi he returned to the palace.
85
夏四月庚戌，處州賊犯崇安，殺都指揮吳剛。 壬戌，湖廣、貴州苗賊大起，命王驥討之。 乙丑，遣御史十三人同中官督福建、浙江銀課。 五月丙戌，陳懋擊破沙縣賊。 壬辰，旱，太監金英同法司錄囚。 己亥，侍讀學士張益直文淵閣，預機務。 庚子，巡按福建御史汪澄棄市，并殺前巡按御史柴文顯。 六月庚戌，靖州苗犯辰溪，都指揮高亮戰死。 丙辰，南京謹身諸殿災。 甲子，修省。 詔河南、山西班軍番休者盡赴大同、宣府．乙丑，西寧侯宋瑛總督大同兵馬。 己巳，赦天下。 戊寅，平鄉伯陳懷，駙馬都尉井源，都督王貴、吳克勤，太監林壽，分練京軍於大同、宣府，備瓦剌。
In summer, the fourth month, on gengxu, Chuzhou bandits attacked Chong'an and killed Regional Commander Wu Gang. On renxu Miao bandits rose on a great scale in Huguang and Guizhou, and Wang Ji was ordered to attack them. On yichou thirteen censors were sent with palace eunuchs to supervise the silver-mining levy in Fujian and Zhejiang. In the fifth month, on bingxu, Chen Mao defeated the bandits of Shaxian. On renchen drought struck; the eunuch Jin Ying joined the judiciary in reviewing prisoners. On jihai Zhang Yi, reader-in-waiting, was assigned direct duty at the Wenyuan Pavilion to share in deliberation. On gengzi Fujian touring censor Wang Cheng was executed in the market, and the former touring censor Chai Wenxian was killed as well. In the sixth month, on gengxu, Jingzhou Miao attacked Chenxi and Regional Commander Gao Liang fell in battle. On bingchen several halls of the Jinshen complex in Nanjing burned. On jiazi the court undertook self-reform and austerity. An edict ordered Henan and Shanxi garrison troops on rotational leave to march to Datong and Xuanfu. On yichou Song Ying, Marquis of Xining, took command of military affairs at Datong. On jisi a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On wuyin Chen Huai, Earl of Pingxiang, Chief Commandant-escort Jing Yuan, Commissioners Wang Gui and Wu Keqin, and the eunuch Lin Shou were assigned in separate parties to drill capital troops at Datong and Xuanfu against the Oirats.
86
秋七月己丑，瓦剌也先寇大同，參將吳浩戰死，下詔親征。 吏部尚書王直帥羣臣諫，不聽。 癸巳，命郕王居守。 是日，西寧侯宋瑛、武進伯朱冕與瓦剌戰於陽和，敗沒。 甲午，發京師。 乙未，次龍虎臺，軍中夜驚。 丁酉，次居庸關。 辛丑，次宣府。 羣臣屢請駐蹕，不許。 丙午，次陽和。 八月戊申，次大同。 鎮守太監郭敬諫，議旋師。 己酉，廣寧伯劉安為總兵官，鎮大同。 庚戌，師還。 丁巳，次宣府。 庚申，瓦剌兵大至，恭順侯吳克忠、都督吳克勤戰沒，成國公朱勇、永順伯薛綬救之，至鷂兒嶺遇伏，全軍盡覆。 辛酉，次土木，被圍。 壬戌，師潰，死者數十萬。 英國公張輔，泰寧侯陳瀛，駙馬都尉井源，平鄉伯陳懷，襄城伯李珍，遂安伯陳塤，修武伯沈榮，都督梁成、王貴，尚書王佐、鄺埜，學士曹鼐、張益，侍郎丁鉉、王永和、[2]副都御史鄧棨等，皆死，帝北狩。 甲子，京師聞敗，羣臣聚哭於朝，侍講徐珵請南遷，兵部侍郎于謙不可。 乙丑，皇太后命郕王監國。 戊辰，帝至大同。 己巳，皇太后命立皇长子祖深為皇太子。 辛未，帝至威寧海子。 甲戌，至黑河。 九月癸未，郕王即位，遙尊帝為太上皇帝。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jichou, Esen of the Oirats raided Datong; Vice Commissioner Wu Hao fell in battle, and the throne ordered a personal campaign. Wang Zhi, minister of personnel, led the officials in remonstrance, but the emperor would not listen. On guisi the Prince of Cheng was ordered to remain and guard the capital. That same day Song Ying, Marquis of Xining, and Zhu Mian, Earl of Wujin, fought the Oirats at Yanghe and were wiped out. On jiawu the army set out from the capital. On yiwei the host halted at Longhu Terrace, and the army panicked in the night. On dingyou the host halted at Juyong Pass. On xinchou the host halted at Xuanfu. The officials repeatedly begged him to halt his march, but he would not consent. On bingwu the host halted at Yanghe. In the eighth month, on wushen, the Emperor encamped at Datong. Defender-attendant eunuch Guo Jing remonstrated and urged a withdrawal. On jiyou Liu An, Baron of Guangning, was made overall commander and posted to Datong. On gengxu the army turned back. On dingsi he encamped at Xuanfu. On gengshen Oirat forces came in strength; Wu Kexiong, Marquis of Gongshun, and Regional Commander Wu Keqin fell in battle; Zhu Yong, Duke of Cheng, and Xue Sui, Earl of Yongshun, marched to relieve them but at Ya'er Ridge met an ambush and the entire host was wiped out. On xinyou he halted at Tumu and was surrounded. On renxu the army broke; deaths ran into the hundreds of thousands. Zhang Fu, Duke of Ying; Chen Ying, Marquis of Taining; Jing Yuan, Commander of Horse; Chen Huai, Baron of Pingxiang; Li Zhen, Baron of Xiangcheng; Chen Kun, Baron of Suian; Shen Rong, Baron of Xiuwu; Regional Commanders Liang Cheng and Wang Gui; Ministers Wang Zuo and Kuang Ye; Academicians Cao Nai and Zhang Yi; Vice Ministers Ding Xuan and Wang Yonghe; and Vice Censor-in-chief Deng Qi, among others—all fell; the Emperor was borne north. On jiazi word of defeat reached the capital; the court assembled in tears; Lecturer Xu Cheng urged removal to the south; Vice Minister Yu Qian forbade it. On yichou the Empress Dowager ordered the Prince of Cheng to oversee the realm as regent. On wuchen the captive Emperor reached Datong. On jisi the Empress Dowager had the eldest son, Zushēn, named Crown Prince. On xinwei he came to Weining Lake. On jiaxu he reached the Black River. In the ninth month, on guimao, the Prince of Cheng took the throne and from afar honored the captive as Retired Emperor.
87
壬戌輸河南粟振陝西饑壬戌，原作「壬辰」。 按正統十年十二月庚子朔，不得有壬辰日。 據《英宗實錄》卷一三六改。
"On renxu Henan grain was dispatched to relieve Shaanxi famine": the day-name originally read renchen. Note: in the tenth year of Zhengtong the twelfth-month new moon fell on gengzi; a renchen day is impossible. Corrected per the Yingzong Shilu, juan 136.
88
侍郎丁鉉王永和丁鉉，原作「丁鈜」。 本書卷三二八 〈瓦剌傳〉 、《英宗實錄》卷一八一都作「丁鉉」。 按本書卷一六七王佐傳附有 〈丁鉉傳〉 ，事跡與紀合，據改。
"Vice Ministers Ding Xuan and Wang Yonghe": Ding Xuan, the original text read Ding Hong. The present History, juan 328 〈"Account of the Oirats"〉 and the Yingzong Shilu, juan 181, both read "Ding Xuan." Per the Wang Zuo biography appended in juan 167 of this book 〈"Account of Ding Xuan"〉 his deeds match the annals; emended accordingly.