1
憲宗繼天凝道誠明仁敬崇文肅武宏德聖孝純皇帝，諱見深，英宗長子也。 母貴妃周氏。 初名見濬。 英宗留瓦剌，皇太后命立為皇太子。 景泰三年，廢為沂王。 天順元年，復立為皇太子，改名見深。
Emperor Xianzong—honored after death as one who continued Heaven, concentrated the Way, and united sincerity, brilliance, benevolence, reverence, literary exaltation, martial solemnity, magnanimous virtue, sagely filial devotion, and purity—was named Zhu Jianshen and was the eldest son of Emperor Yingzong. His mother was Worthy Consort Zhou. He was first named Zhu Jianjun. While Yingzong was held captive among the Oirats, the Empress Dowager had Zhu Jianshen named crown prince. In the third year of Jingtai he was stripped of the heirship and enfeoffed as Prince of Yi. In Tianshun one he was restored as crown prince and took the name Zhu Jianshen.
2
天順八年正月，英宗崩。 乙亥，即皇帝位。 以明年為成化元年，大赦天下。 免明年田租三之一。 浙江、江西、福建、陝西、臨清鎮守內外官，諸邊鎮守內官，正統間所無者悉罷之。 下番使者、緝事官校皆召還。 二月庚子，始以內批授官。 三月甲寅朔，尊皇后為慈懿皇太后，貴妃周氏為皇太后。 戊午，放宮人。 丙寅，毀錦衣新獄。 庚午，賜彭教等進士及第、出身有差。 癸酉，詔內閣九卿考覈天下方面官。 戊寅，復立團營。
In the first month of Tianshun eight the Yingzong Emperor died. On yihai Zhu Jianshen ascended the throne. The following year was declared the first year of the Chenghua reign and a general amnesty was proclaimed. One-third of the next year's land tax was forgiven. Civil and military garrison officers in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, and Linqing, and palace eunuchs posted to the border—all offices created after Zhengtong that had not existed before—were abolished. Overseas mission envoys and secret-service agent-officials were all called home. In the second month, on gengzi, the court began appointing officials by imperial memo from within the palace. On the new moon of the third month, jiayin, the empress was elevated to Ciyi Empress Dowager and Worthy Consort Zhou was made empress dowager. On wuwu palace women were sent out of the seraglio. On bingyin the Brocade Guard's new prison was torn down. On gengwu Peng Jiao and the other metropolitan graduates received their degrees with the usual three ranks. On guiyou the court commanded the Grand Secretariat and the Nine Ministers to review every regional commissioner in the empire. On wuyin the Corps encampment was restored.
3
夏四月癸未朔，日當食，不見。 五月丁巳，大風雨雹，敕臣修省。 庚申，葬睿皇帝於裕陵。
In the fourth month of summer, on the new moon of guiwei, an eclipse was due but never appeared. In the fifth month, on dingsi, violent wind, rain, and hail fell; the Emperor ordered his ministers to repent and reform their conduct. On gengshen the late Yingzong—temple name Rui—was interred at Yuling.
4
秋七月壬申，立吳氏為皇后。 八月癸未，御經筵。 甲申，命儒臣日講。 癸卯，廢皇后吳氏。 下太監牛玉於獄。
In the seventh month of autumn, on renshen, Lady Wu was made empress. In the eighth month, on guiwei, the Emperor took his seat at the imperial lecture on the classics. On jiashen Confucian scholars were commanded to give daily lectures at court. On guimao Empress Wu was stripped of her title. The eunuch Niu Yu was thrown into prison.
5
冬十月壬辰，立王氏為皇后。 甲辰，立武舉法。 十二月甲辰，免京官雜犯罪。
In the tenth month of winter, on renchen, Lady Wang was made empress. On jiachen the military examination law was promulgated. In the twelfth month, on jiachen, petty offenses of Beijing officials were pardoned.
6
是年，兩畿、川、廣、荊、襄盜賊大起，道路不通。 安南、烏斯藏入貢。
That year brigands swarmed the metropolitan districts, Sichuan, Guangdong, Huguang, and the Han River basin until travel broke down. Annam and U-Tsang presented tribute.
7
成化元年
The first year of the Chenghua reign.
8
成化元年春正月乙卯，享太廟。 己未，大祀天地於南郊。 甲子，都督同知趙輔為征夷將軍，充總兵官，僉都御史韓雍贊理軍務，討廣西叛瑤。 二月戊子，祭社稷。 甲午，耕耤田。 三月庚戌，四川山都掌蠻亂。 丁巳，釋奠於先師孔子。
In the first month of spring in Chenghua one, on yimao, the Emperor offered at the Imperial Temple. On jiwei he performed the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On jiazi Zhao Fu, regional commander, was made general for the punitive campaign against the Yi and supreme commander, with Han Yong, vice censor-in-chief, as military superintendent, to crush the rebel Yao in Guangxi. In the second month, on wuzi, the Emperor sacrificed to the altars of soil and grain. On jiawu he performed the ceremonial plowing of the sacred field. In the third month, on gengxu, the Shanduzhang tribes of Sichuan rose in revolt. On dingsi the court offered the seasonal sacrifice to Confucius.
9
夏五月辛酉，大雨雹。 壬戌，避正殿減，敕臣修省。
In the fifth month of summer, on xinyou, heavy rain and hail fell. On renxu the Emperor left the main hall, cut his table, and commanded the ministers to repent and reform their conduct.
10
秋七月己酉，免天下軍屯糧十之三。 甲子，振兩畿、浙江、河南饑。 八月丁丑，工部侍郎沈義、僉都御史吳琛振撫兩畿饑民。 辛巳，瘞暴骸。 庚寅，毛里孩犯延綏，總兵官房能敗之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiyou, one-third of military colony grain tax empire-wide was forgiven. On jiazi relief was sent to famine in the metropolitan districts, Zhejiang, and Henan. In the eighth month, on dingchou, Shen Yi, vice minister of works, and Wu Chen, vice censor-in-chief, were dispatched to feed and settle famine refugees in the metropolitan districts. On xinsi unburied dead were interred. On gengyin Molihai struck Yan-sui; Fang Neng, regional commander, beat him back.
11
冬十二月癸卯，撫寧伯朱永為靖虜將軍，充總兵官，太監唐慎監軍，工部尚書白圭提督軍務，討荊、襄賊。 是月，韓雍大破大藤峽瑤，改名峽曰「斷藤」。
In the twelfth month of winter, on guimao, Zhu Yong, Pacification Baron, was made general for the pacification of the barbarians and supreme commander; the eunuch Tang Shen oversaw the army; Bai Gui, minister of works, directed operations against the Jing-Xiang rebels. That month Han Yong shattered the Yao at Great Vine Gorge, which was then renamed Broken Vine.
12
是年，琉球、哈密、爪哇、烏斯藏入貢。
That year Ryukyu, Hami, Java, and U-Tsang presented tribute.
13
成化二年
The second year of the Chenghua reign.
14
二年春正月戊申，罷團營。 乙卯，大祀天地於南郊。 辛酉，英宗神主祔太廟。 二月癸未，禮部侍郎鄒幹巡視畿內饑民。 三月甲辰，賜羅倫等進士及第、出身有差。 己酉，李賢父卒，乞終制，不許。 乙卯，朱永大破荊、襄賊劉通於南漳。 閏月癸酉，振南畿饑。 乙未，朱永擊擒劉通，其黨石龍遁，轉掠四川。
In the first month of spring in Chenghua two, on wushen, the Corps encampment was disbanded. On yimao the Emperor offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On xinyou Yingzong's spirit tablet was placed in the Imperial Temple. In the second month, on guiwei, Zou Gan, vice minister of rites, was sent to survey famine in the capital region. In the third month, on jiachen, Luo Lun and the other graduates received their metropolitan degrees with the usual three ranks. On jiyou Li Xian's father died; he asked leave for full mourning but the court refused. On yimao Zhu Yong routed the Jing-Xiang rebel Liu Tong at Nanzhang. In the intercalary month, on guiyou, relief was sent to famine around Nanjing. On yiwei Zhu Yong seized Liu Tong; the remnant leader Shi Long escaped and ravaged Sichuan.
15
夏五月癸酉，修撰羅倫以論李賢起復謫福建市舶司提舉。 己卯，禁侵損古帝王、忠臣、烈士、名賢陵墓。 六月甲辰，趙輔師還。 乙巳，免今年天下屯糧十之三。 壬子，楊信為平虜將軍，充總兵官，太監裴當監督軍務，禦寇延綏。
In the fifth month of summer, on guiyou, Luo Lun, compiler, was banished to superintendent of the Fujian maritime trade office for criticizing Li Xian's forced return from mourning. On jimao the court forbade anyone to encroach on or defile the graves of ancient sovereigns, loyal ministers, martyrs, and celebrated sages. In the sixth month, on jiachen, Zhao Fu's expedition came home. On yisi one-third of the year's military colony grain tax was forgiven empire-wide. On renzi Yang Xin was made general for the pacification of raiders and supreme commander; the eunuch Pei Dang oversaw the campaign on the Yan-sui front.
16
秋七月辛巳，封弟見治為忻王，見沛徽王。 戊戌，毛里孩犯固原。 八月丁巳，犯寧夏，都指揮焦政戰死。 丁卯，諭祭于謙，復其子冕官。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinsi, his younger brothers Zhu Jianzhi and Zhu Jianpei were enfeoffed as princes of Xin and Hui. On wuxu Molihai struck Guyuan. In the eighth month, on dingsi, he attacked Ningxia; Jiao Zheng, regional commander, was killed in action. On dingmao the court commanded rites for Yu Qian and reinstated his son Mian in office.
17
冬十月丁未，朱永擊擒石龍，賊平，進永爵為侯。 [一]十二月甲寅，李賢卒。 丙辰，太常寺少卿兼翰林院侍讀學士劉定之入閣預機務。 是月，斷藤峽賊復起。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingwei, Zhu Yong seized Shi Long, the rebellion ended, and Yong was raised from baron to marquis. [1] In the twelfth month, on jiayin, Li Xian died. On bingchen Liu Dingzhi, vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Hanlin attendant reader, joined the Grand Secretariat to deliberate state secrets. That month the rebels at Broken Vine Gorge took up arms again.
18
是年，哈密、琉球、安南、烏斯藏、瓦剌入貢。
That year Hami, Ryukyu, Annam, U-Tsang, and the Oirats presented tribute.
19
成化三年
The third year of the Chenghua reign.
20
三年春正月己卯，大祀天地於南郊。 丙申，撫寧侯朱永為平胡將軍，充總兵官，會楊信討毛里孩。 二月丁酉朔，日有食之。 丁巳，湖廣總兵官李震討破靖州苗。 三月戊辰，召商輅為兵部侍郎，復入閣。 己巳，毛里孩犯大同。 辛巳，復開浙江、福建、四川、雲南銀場，以內臣領之。
In the first month of spring in Chenghua three, on jimao, the Emperor offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On bingshen Zhu Yong, Pacification Marquis, was made general for the pacification of the Hu and supreme commander and marched with Yang Xin against Molihai. On the new moon of the second month, dingyou, the sun was eclipsed. On dingsi Li Zhen, Huguang regional commander, crushed the Jingzhou Miao. In the third month, on wuchen, Shang Lu was recalled as vice minister of war and rejoined the Grand Secretariat. On jisi Molihai struck Datong. On xinsi the court reopened silver mines in Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, and Yunnan under palace eunuch superintendents.
21
夏四月，四川地屢震，自去年六月至於是月。 乙巳，錄囚。 癸丑，復立團營。 六月戊申，雷震南京午門，敕臣修省。 辛酉，襄城伯李瑾為征夷將軍，充總兵官，兵部尚書程信提督軍務，太監劉恆監軍，討山都掌蠻。
In the fourth month of summer Sichuan suffered repeated earthquakes, beginning in the sixth month of the year before and continuing through this month. On yisi the court held its prison review. On guichou the Corps encampment was restored once more. In the sixth month, on wushen, lightning struck the Meridian Gate at Nanjing; the Emperor ordered his ministers to repent and reform their conduct. On xinyou Li Jin, Xiangcheng Earl, was made general for the punitive campaign against the Yi and supreme commander; Cheng Xin, minister of war, directed operations; the eunuch Liu Heng oversaw the army against the Shanduzhang tribes.
22
秋七月乙酉，停河南採辦。 九月辛未，振湖廣、江西饑。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yiyou, special requisitions in Henan were stopped. In the ninth month, on xinwei, relief was sent to famine in Huguang and Jiangxi.
23
冬十二月庚子，左庶子黎淳追論景泰廢立事，帝曰：「景泰事已往，朕不介意，且非臣下所當言。」 切責之。 辛丑，杖編修章懋、黃仲昭，檢討莊昹，謫官有差。 是月，程信破山都掌蠻，平之。
In the twelfth month of winter, on gengzi, Li Chun, left associate of the heir apparent, revived debate over Jingtai's removal and enthronement; the Emperor said, "The Jingtai matter is over; I bear no grudge, and in any case subjects should not raise it. He censured Li Chun in the strongest terms. On xinchou the compilers Zhang Mao and Huang Zhongzhao and proofreader Zhuang Ang were flogged and demoted to various posts. That month Cheng Xin broke the Shanduzhang tribes and brought them to submission.
24
是年，琉球、哈密、占城、烏斯藏入貢。 朝鮮獻海青、白鵲，諭毋獻。
That year Ryukyu, Hami, Champa, and U-Tsang presented tribute. Korea sent sea eagles and white magpies; the court told them to bring no more such gifts.
25
成化四年
The fourth year of the Chenghua reign.
26
四年春正月甲戌，大祀天地於南郊。 三月甲子，免湖廣被災秋糧。 甲申，詔中外勢家毋得擅請田土。
In the first month of spring in Chenghua four, on jiaxu, the Emperor offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the third month, on jiazi, autumn tax grain was forgiven in disaster-hit Huguang. On jiashen an edict forbade influential households at court and in the provinces from seeking land grants on their own authority.
27
夏四月丁巳，錄囚。 陳文卒。 五月癸未，遣使錄天下囚。 六月丙午，免江西被災秋糧。 辛亥，開城賊滿俊反，陝西總兵官寧遠伯任壽、巡撫都御史陳价討之。 甲寅，慈懿皇太后崩。
In the fourth month of summer, on dingsi, the court held its prison review. Chen Wen died. In the fifth month, on guiwei, envoys were sent to review prisoners empire-wide. In the sixth month, on bingwu, autumn grain tax was forgiven in disaster-hit Jiangxi. On xinhai the Kaicheng rebel Man Jun rose; Ren Shou, Baron of Ningyuan and Shaanxi supreme commander, and Chen Jia, regional commander and supreme censor, marched against him. On jiayin the Empress Dowager Ciyi died.
28
秋七月癸酉，都督同知劉玉為平虜副將軍，充總兵官，太監劉祥監軍，副都御史項忠總督軍務，討滿俊。 八月癸巳，京師地震。 乙卯，朱永代劉玉為總兵官。 是月，任壽、陳价、寧夏總兵官廣義伯吳琮及滿俊戰，敗績，都指揮蔣泰、申澄被殺。 九月庚申，葬孝莊睿皇后於裕陵。 辛酉，振陝西饑。 壬申，以地震、星變下詔自責，敕臣修省。 甲申，給事中董旻、御史胡深等九人請罷商輅及禮部尚書姚夔，下獄，杖之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guiyou, Liu Yu, vice commissioner-in-chief, was made deputy pacification general and supreme commander, with the eunuch Liu Xiang as army supervisor; Xiang Zhong, vice censor-in-chief, took overall command to suppress Man Jun. In the eighth month, on guisi, an earthquake struck the capital. On yimao Zhu Yong replaced Liu Yu as supreme commander. That month Ren Shou, Chen Jia, Wu Cong, Baron of Guangyi and Ningxia supreme commander, fought Man Jun and were beaten; regional commanders Jiang Tai and Shen Cheng fell in battle. In the ninth month, on gengshen, Empress Xiaozhuang Rui was interred at Yuling. On xinyou the court sent famine relief to Shaanxi. On renshen, citing the earthquake and celestial omens, the Emperor issued a self-reproach edict and ordered officials to examine their conduct. On jiashen Dong Min, Hu Shen, and eight other remonstrance officials called for the dismissal of Shang Lu and Minister of Rites Yao Kui; they were jailed and flogged.
29
冬十月乙未，項忠敗賊於石城，伏羌伯毛忠戰死。 十一月，項忠擊擒滿俊，送京師，伏誅。 壬戌，毛里孩犯遼東，指揮胡珍戰沒。 十二月己酉，遼東總兵官趙勝奏：「十一月初六日，虜賊千餘攻指揮傅斌營，指揮胡珍率軍來援，被賊射死。」 毛里孩犯延綏，都指揮僉事許寧擊敗之。
In the tenth month of winter, on yiwei, Xiang Zhong routed the rebels at Shicheng; Mao Zhong, Baron of Fuxiang, was killed in action. In the eleventh month Xiang Zhong seized Man Jun, sent him to the capital, and had him executed. On renxu Maolihai struck Liaodong; Commander Hu Zhen was killed in battle. In the twelfth month, on jiyou, Zhao Sheng, Liaodong supreme commander, reported: "On the sixth of the eleventh month more than a thousand raiders struck Commander Fu Bin's camp; Commander Hu Zhen came to relieve him and was shot dead by the enemy. Maolihai then invaded Yan-sui; Vice Regional Commander Xu Ning beat him back.
30
是年，琉球、烏斯藏、哈密、日本、滿剌加入貢。
That year embassies came from Ryukyu, U-Tsang, Hami, Japan, and Malacca.
31
成化五年
The fifth year of the Chenghua reign.
32
五年春正月乙丑，大祀天地於南郊。 三月辛丑，賜張昇等進士及第、出身有差。
In the fifth year, in the first month of spring, on yichou, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the third month, on xinchou, Zhang Sheng and others received jinshi degrees with distinctions of rank and origin.
33
夏五月辛丑，禮部侍郎萬安兼翰林院學士，入閣預機務。 六月癸丑朔，日有食之。 辛酉，錄囚。
In the fifth month of summer, on xinchou, Wan An, vice minister of rites, was also made Hanlin academician and entered the Grand Secretariat to help govern. In the sixth month, on the new moon guichou, there was a solar eclipse. On xinyou the court reviewed prisoners.
34
秋八月辛酉，劉定之卒。
In the eighth month of autumn, on xinyou, Liu Dingzhi died.
35
冬十一月乙未，毛里孩犯延綏。
In the eleventh month of winter, on yiwei, Maolihai invaded Yan-sui.
36
是年冬，阿羅出入居河套。 琉球、哈密、烏斯藏、滿剌加、安南、土魯番入貢。
That winter Aluochu began raiding in and out of the Ordos bend. Embassies came from Ryukyu, Hami, U-Tsang, Malacca, Annam, and Turfan.
37
成化六年
The sixth year of the Chenghua reign.
38
六年春正月己丑，大祀天地於南郊。 己亥，大同總兵官楊信敗毛里孩於胡柴溝。 二月辛未，大理寺少卿宋旻，侍郎曾翬、原傑、黃琛，副都御史滕昭巡視畿南、浙江、河南、四川、福建，考察官吏，訪軍民疾苦。 其餘直省有巡撫等官者，命亦如之。 丁丑，禱雨於郊壇。 戊寅，振廣西饑。 三月甲申，免湖廣、山東被災稅糧。 壬寅，詔延綏屯田。 朱永為平虜將軍，充總兵官，太監傅恭、顧恆監軍，王越參贊軍務，備阿羅出於延綏。
In the sixth year, in the first month of spring, on jichou, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On jihai Yang Xin, Datong supreme commander, routed Maolihai at Huchai Gully. In the second month, on xinwei, Song Min of the Court of Judicial Review and vice ministers Zeng Hui, Yuan Jie, Huang Chen, with Vice Censor-in-chief Teng Zhao, toured the metropolitan south, Zhejiang, Henan, Sichuan, and Fujian to inspect officials and hear soldiers' and civilians' grievances. In other directly administered provinces that already had grand coordinators, similar orders were issued. On dingchou the court prayed for rain at the suburban altar. On wuyin famine relief was sent to Guangxi. In the third month, on jiashen, tax grain was forgiven in disaster-hit Huguang and Shandong. On renyin an edict ordered military colonies established on the Yan-sui front. Zhu Yong was made pacification general and supreme commander, with eunuchs Fu Gong and Gu Heng as army supervisors; Wang Yue assisted in command to block Aluochu on the Yan-sui front.
39
夏五月丙申，振畿內、山東、河南饑。 丁酉，王越敗阿羅出於延綏東路。 六月戊申朔，日有食之。
In the fifth month of summer, on bingshen, famine relief was sent to the capital region, Shandong, and Henan. On dingyou Wang Yue defeated Aluochu on the eastern Yan-sui route. In the sixth month, on the new moon wushen, there was a solar eclipse.
40
秋七月壬午，朱永敗阿羅出於雙山堡。 丙戌，都御史項忠、侍郎葉盛振畿輔饑民。 都督李昹撫治屯營。 甲辰，總兵官房能敗阿羅出於開荒川。 是月，免南畿、四川被災稅糧。 八月辛亥，振山西饑。 癸丑，以水旱相仍，下詔寬卹。
In the seventh month of autumn, on renwu, Zhu Yong beat Aluochu at Shuangshan Fort. On bingxu Xiang Zhong, supreme censor, and Vice Minister Ye Sheng distributed relief to famine victims around the capital. Commissioner-in-chief Li Ang took charge of garrison farming. On jiachen Supreme Commander Fang Neng routed Aluochu at Kaihuang River. That month tax grain was forgiven in disaster districts of the Southern Metropolitan Region and Sichuan. In the eighth month, on xinhai, famine relief was sent to Shanxi. On guichou, with flood and drought in succession, an edict ordered broad tax relief.
41
冬十月，免畿內、河南、山東被災稅糧。 十一月癸未，荊、襄流民作亂，項忠總督河南、湖廣、荊、襄軍務討之。 是月，孛羅忽渡河與阿羅出合。 十二月庚戌，遣使十四人分振畿輔。
In the tenth month of winter, tax grain was forgiven in disaster districts of the capital region, Henan, and Shandong. In the eleventh month, on guimao, refugees from Jing and Xiang rebelled; Xiang Zhong took overall command in Henan, Huguang, Jing, and Xiang to suppress them. That month Boluohu crossed the Yellow River and joined Aluochu. In the twelfth month, on gengxu, fourteen envoys were sent out separately to relieve famine around the capital.
42
是年，琉球、哈密、烏斯藏入貢。
That year embassies came from Ryukyu, Hami, and U-Tsang.
43
成化七年
The seventh year of the Chenghua reign.
44
七年春正月辛巳，命京官五品以上及給事中、御史各舉堪州縣者一人。 丙戌，大祀天地於南郊。
In the seventh year, in the first month of spring, on xinsi, every capital official of fifth rank or above, with supervising secretaries and censors, was ordered to nominate one man fit for local office. On bingxu he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth.
45
夏四月己巳，錄囚。 五月辛巳，瘞京師暴骸。
In the fourth month of summer, on jisi, the court reviewed prisoners. In the fifth month, on xinsi, unburied dead in the capital were interred.
46
秋八月甲辰，振山東、浙江水災。 閏九月己未，浙江潮溢，漂民居、鹽場，遣工部侍郎李顒往祭海神，修築堤岸。
In the eighth month of autumn, on jiachen, flood relief was sent to Shandong and Zhejiang. In the intercalary ninth month, on jiwei, a tidal surge in Zhejiang drowned homes and salt pans; Vice Minister of Works Li Yong was sent to offer sacrifice to the Sea God and repair the dikes.
47
冬十月乙亥，王恕為刑部侍郎，總理河道。 十一月甲寅，立皇子祐極為皇太子，大赦。 己未，荊、襄賊平，流民復業者一百四十餘萬人。 十二月甲戌，彗星見，下詔自責，敕臣修省，條時政得失。 壬午，彗星入紫微垣，避正殿，撤樂，御奉天門聽政。 癸未，召朱永還，王越總督延綏軍務。 辛卯，減死罪以下。
In the tenth month of winter, on yihai, Wang Shu was made vice minister of justice and put in overall charge of the Grand Canal. In the eleventh month, on jiayin, Prince Youji was named crown prince and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On jiwei the Jing-Xiang rebels were pacified; more than 1.4 million refugees returned to their fields. In the twelfth month, on jiaxu, a comet appeared; the Emperor issued a self-reproach edict, ordered officials to examine their conduct, and called for a review of current policy. On renwu the comet entered the Purple Forbidden Enclosure; the Emperor left the main hall, halted court music, and heard affairs at Fengtian Gate. On guiwei Zhu Yong was recalled and Wang Yue was put in overall command on the Yan-sui front. On xinmao sentences short of capital punishment were commuted.
48
是年，癿加思蘭入居河套，與阿羅出合。 安南黎灝攻占城，破之。 琉球、安南入貢。
That year Qojasan settled in the Ordos bend and joined Aluochu. Li Hao of Annam invaded Champa, took it, and destroyed the kingdom. Embassies came from Ryukyu and Annam.
49
成化八年
The eighth year of the Chenghua reign.
50
夏四月，京師久旱，運河水涸。 癸酉，遣使禱於郊社、山川、淮瀆、東海之神。 乙酉，錄囚。 丁亥，遣使錄天下囚。 五月癸丑，武靖侯趙輔為平虜將軍，充總兵官，節制各邊軍馬，同王越禦癿加思蘭。
In the fourth month of summer a long drought gripped the capital and the Grand Canal dried up. On guiyou envoys were sent to pray at the suburban altars, the community altars, mountains and rivers, the Huai, and the Eastern Sea. On yiyou the court reviewed prisoners. On dinghai envoys were sent to review prisoners empire-wide. In the fifth month, on guichou, Zhao Fu, Marquis of Wujing, was made pacification general and supreme commander over the frontier armies, and with Wang Yue met Qojasan in the field.
51
秋九月丙午，諭安南黎灝還占城侵地。
In the ninth month of autumn, on bingwu, Li Hao of Annam was ordered to restore the lands he had taken from Champa.
52
冬十一月己酉，寧晉伯劉聚代趙輔為將軍，屯延綏。 十二月癸酉，振京師饑民。
In the eleventh month of winter, on jiyou, Liu Ju, Baron of Ningjin, replaced Zhao Fu as general and took post at Yan-sui. In the twelfth month, on guiyou, famine relief was distributed in the capital.
53
是年，孛羅忽、癿加思蘭屢入安邊營、花馬池，犯固原、寧夏、平涼、臨鞏、環慶，南至通渭。 琉球、哈密、安南入貢。
That year Boluohu and Qojasan repeatedly struck Anbian Camp and Huamachi, raiding Guyuan, Ningxia, Pingliang, Linqiong, and Huanqing as far south as Tongwei. Embassies came from Ryukyu, Hami, and Annam.
54
成化九年
The ninth year of the Chenghua reign.
55
九年春正月丁未，大祀天地於南郊。 壬子，劉聚、王越敗癿加思蘭於漫天嶺。 是月，土魯番速檀阿力破哈密，據之。
In the ninth year, in the first month of spring, on dingwei, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On renzi Liu Ju and Wang Yue routed Qojasan at Mantian Ridge. That month Sultan Ali of Turfan seized Hami and held it.
56
夏四月辛酉朔，日有食之。 甲子，福餘三寇遼東，總兵官歐信擊敗之。 戊辰，盡免山東稅糧。 瘞京畿暴骸。 壬午，閱武臣騎射於西苑。
In the fourth month of summer, on the new moon xinyou, there was a solar eclipse. On jiazi the three Fuyu tribes raided Liaodong; Supreme Commander Ou Xin beat them back. On wuchen all tax grain in Shandong was forgiven. Unburied dead around the capital were interred. On renwu military officers were reviewed in mounted archery at the Western Park.
57
秋七月壬辰，巡撫延綏都御史余子俊敗癿加思蘭於榆林澗。 九月辛卯，鎮守浙江中官李義杖殺寧波指揮馬璋，詔勿問。 庚子，王越襲滿都魯、孛羅忽、癿加思蘭於紅鹽池，大破之。 諸部漸出河套。
In the seventh month of autumn, on renchen, Yu Zijun, Yan-sui grand coordinator and regional commander, defeated Qojasan at Yulin Stream. In the ninth month, on xinmao, Li Yi, the palace eunuch superintendent in Zhejiang, clubbed Ma Zhang, commander of the Ningbo Guard, to death; the court ordered the case dropped. On gengzi Wang Yue surprised Mandulu, Boluohu, and Qojasan at Red Salt Pool and crushed them. The Mongol bands gradually withdrew from the Ordos bend.
58
冬十一月丁酉，復閱騎射於西苑。
In the eleventh month of winter, on dingyou, mounted archery was reviewed again at the Western Park.
59
是年，免湖廣、畿內、山西、南畿、陝西被災稅糧。 振畿內、陝西饑，振山西者再，山東者三。 哈密、琉球、暹羅入貢。
That year tax grain was forgiven in disaster districts of Huguang, the capital region, Shanxi, the Southern Metropolitan Region, and Shaanxi. Famine relief went to the capital region and Shaanxi; Shanxi was relieved twice and Shandong three times. Embassies came from Hami, Ryukyu, and Siam.
60
成化十年
The tenth year of the Chenghua reign.
61
十年春正月丁亥朔，振京師貧民。 丁酉，大祀天地於南郊。 癸卯，王越總制延綏、甘肅、寧夏三邊，駐固原。 丙午，召劉聚還。 三月，免南畿、湖廣被災秋糧。
In the tenth year, in the first month of spring, on the new moon dinghai, the court gave relief to the capital's poor. On dingyou he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On guimao Wang Yue took overall command of the Yan-Sui, Gansu, and Ningxia frontiers and made his headquarters at Guyuan. On bingwu Liu Ju was recalled to court. In the third month autumn grain tax was forgiven in disaster districts of the Southern Metropolitan Region and Huguang.
62
夏五月戊申，申藏妖書之禁。 是月，免山西、陝西被災秋糧。 閏六月乙巳，築邊牆自紫城砦至花馬池。 [二]
In the fifth month of summer, on wushen, the throne again enforced the ban on heterodox prophetic texts. That month autumn grain tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Shanxi and Shaanxi. In the intercalary sixth month, on yisi, work began on the border wall from Zicheng Stockade to Huamachi. [2]
63
秋七月甲寅，免江西被災秋糧。 八月辛卯，都督同知趙勝為平虜將軍，充總兵官，太監劉恆、覃平監軍，討癿加思蘭。 九月癸丑朔，日有食之。 乙卯，免南畿水災秋糧。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiayin, autumn grain tax was remitted in disaster-hit Jiangxi. In the eighth month, on xinmao, Zhao Sheng, vice commissioner-in-chief, was made Pacifying Barbarians General and supreme commander; the eunuchs Liu Heng and Tan Ping oversaw the army in a campaign against Qiyasan. In the ninth month, on the new moon guichou, there was a solar eclipse. On yimao autumn grain tax was forgiven in the flood-stricken Southern Metropolitan Region.
64
冬十一月丙子，免河南被災稅糧。 十二月己丑，罷寶慶諸府採金。 甲午，錄妖書名示天下。
In the eleventh month of winter, on bingzi, tax grain was remitted in disaster-stricken Henan. In the twelfth month, on jichou, the court ended gold mining in Baqing and neighboring prefectures. On jiawu the court published a register of banned heterodox texts for the whole empire.
65
是年，琉球、烏斯藏、土魯番入貢。
That year Ryukyu, Ü-Tsang, and Turfan sent tribute missions.
66
成化十一年
The eleventh year of the Chenghua reign.
67
十一年春正月癸亥，大祀天地於南郊。 二月甲申，禁酷刑。 三月壬子，賜謝遷等進士及第、出身有差。 辛未，彭時卒。
In the eleventh year, in the first month of spring, on guihai, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on jiashen, cruel punishments were forbidden. In the third month, on renzi, Xie Qian and others received jinshi degrees with distinctions of rank and origin. On xinwei Peng Shi died.
68
夏四月乙酉，吏部侍郎劉珝、禮部侍郎劉吉並兼翰林學士，入閣預機務。 壬辰，乾清門災。 己亥，錄囚。 五月癸酉，免湖廣被災秋糧。
In the fourth month of summer, on yiyou, Liu Xu, vice minister of personnel, and Liu Ji, vice minister of rites, were also made Hanlin academicians and joined the Grand Secretariat to deliberate state secrets. On renchen fire destroyed Qianqing Gate. On jihai the court reviewed prisoners. In the fifth month, on guiyou, autumn grain tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Huguang.
69
秋八月辛巳，浚通惠河。 丁亥，滿都魯、癿加思蘭遣使來朝。 九月丁未朔，日有食之。
In the eighth month of autumn, on xinsi, the Tonghui Canal was dredged. On dinghai Mandulu and Qiyasan sent envoys to court. In the ninth month, on the new moon dingwei, there was a solar eclipse.
70
冬十一月癸丑，立皇子祐樘為皇太子，大赦。 十二月戊子，復郕王帝號。 丁酉，申自宮之禁。
In the eleventh month of winter, on guichou, the imperial son Zhu Youcheng was installed as crown prince and a general amnesty was proclaimed. In the twelfth month, on wuzi, the Prince of Cheng was again accorded an emperor's title. On dingyou the throne again enforced the ban on voluntary castration.
71
是年，土魯番、琉球、暹羅、滿剌加、安南入貢。 命琉球貢使二年一至。
That year Turfan, Ryukyu, Siam, Malacca, and Annam sent tribute missions. The court ordered Ryukyu's tribute missions to arrive once every two years.
72
校勘記
Collation notes
73
[一]進永爵為侯此繫於成化二年十月丁未，本書卷一七三朱謙傳附朱永傳繫於成化元年秋，又卷一○七功臣世表繫於成化三年正月壬申，憲宗實錄卷三八同。 似以作三年正月較可信。
[1] "Advance Yong to marquis": here dated to dingwei of the tenth month in Chenghua 2; this book, juan 173, Biography of Zhu Qian with appended Biography of Zhu Yong, places it in autumn of Chenghua 1; juan 107, Chronological Table of Meritorious Officials, places it in renshen of the first month of Chenghua 3; the Xianzong Shilu, juan 38, agrees. Placing the event in the first month of the third year seems the more credible reading.
74
[二]築邊牆自紫城砦至花馬池紫城砦，憲宗實錄卷一三○作「紫垣砦」，國榷卷三七頁二三四三作「紫金砦」。
[2] "Build the border wall from Zicheng Stockade to Huamachi": for Zicheng Stockade, the Xianzong Shilu, juan 130, reads "Ziyuan Stockade"; Guoque, juan 37, p. 2343, reads "Zijin Stockade."