1
孝宗建天明道誠純中正聖文神武至仁大德敬皇帝，[一]諱祐樘，憲宗第三子也。 母淑妃紀氏，成化六年七月生帝於西宮。 時萬貴妃專寵，宮中莫敢言。 悼恭太子薨後，憲宗始知之，育周太后宮中。 十一年，敕禮部命名，大學士商輅等因以建儲請。 是年六月，淑妃暴薨，帝年六歲，哀慕如成人。 十一月，立為皇太子。
Emperor Xiaozong—honored after death as one who established Heaven, illumined the Way, and united sincerity, purity, uprightness, centrality, sagely culture, spiritual martial prowess, utmost benevolence, great virtue, and reverence—was named Zhu Youcheng and was the third son of Emperor Xianzong. His mother was Worthy Consort Ji. In the seventh month of Chenghua six the future emperor was born in the Western Palace. Consort Wan then held the emperor's exclusive favor, and no one in the inner quarters dared reveal the child's existence. Only after Crown Prince Youji died did Xianzong learn of Zhu Youcheng and had him raised in the household of Empress Dowager Zhou. In Chenghua eleven the throne ordered the Ministry of Rites to give the boy a personal name, and Grand Secretaries led by Shang Lu memorialized to install him as heir apparent. In the sixth month of that year Worthy Consort Ji died suddenly. The boy was six and mourned with an adult's depth of grief. In the eleventh month he was formally named crown prince.
2
二十三年八月，憲宗崩。 九月壬寅，即皇帝位。 大赦天下，以明年為弘治元年。 丁未，斥諸佞倖侍郎李孜省、太監梁芳、外戚萬喜及其黨，謫戍有差。
In the eighth month of Chenghua twenty-three Emperor Xianzong died. In the ninth month, on renyin, Zhu Youcheng ascended the throne. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the following year was declared the first year of the Hongzhi reign. On dingwei the court expelled the sycophants—Vice Minister Li Zisheng, the eunuch Liang Fang, the Wan consort's kin Wan Xi, and their clique—and sent them into exile on the frontiers in differing grades.
3
冬十月丁卯，汰傳奉官，罷右通政任傑、侍郎蒯鋼等千餘人，論罪戍斥。 革法王、佛子、國師、真人封號。 乙亥。 尊皇太后周氏為太皇太后，皇后王氏為皇太后。 丙子，立妃張氏為皇后。 丁亥，萬安罷。 壬辰，追諡母淑妃為孝穆皇太后。 癸巳，吏部左侍郎兼翰林學士徐溥入閣預機務。 十一月癸丑，尹直罷。 乙卯，詹事劉健為禮部侍郎兼翰林學士，入閣預機務。 戊午，下梁芳、李孜省於獄。 十二月壬午，葬純皇帝於茂陵。 是月，免江西、湖廣被災稅糧。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingmao, supernumerary offices were abolished; Ren Jie, right assistant commissioner of transmission, Vice Minister Kuai Gang, and more than a thousand others were removed, punished, and driven from office. The court abolished the ranks of Dharma King, Buddha Son, State Preceptor, and Perfected Man. On yihai. Empress Dowager Zhou was elevated to grand empress dowager and Empress Wang was made empress dowager. On bingzi Consort Zhang was enthroned as empress. On dinghai Wan An was removed from office. On renchen the emperor's mother, Worthy Consort Ji, was posthumously honored as Empress Dowager Xiaomu. On guisi Xu Pu, left vice minister of personnel and Hanlin academician, joined the Grand Secretariat to deliberate on state affairs. In the eleventh month, on guichou, Yin Zhi was removed from office. On yimao Junior Mentor Liu Jian was appointed vice minister of rites and Hanlin academician and entered the Grand Secretariat. On wuwu Liang Fang and Li Zisheng were thrown into prison. In the twelfth month, on renwu, the late Xianzong Emperor was buried at Maoling. That month land tax and grain tribute were forgiven in disaster-hit Jiangxi and Huguang.
4
是年，安南、暹羅、哈密、土魯番、烏斯藏、琉球入貢。 封占城王子古來為王，諭安南黎灝還占城侵地。
That year tribute missions came from Annam, Siam, Hami, Turfan, U-Tsang, and Ryukyu. Gu Lai, prince of Champa, was enfeoffed as king, and Li Hao of Annam was ordered to restore the lands Champa had lost to him.
5
弘治元年
The first year of the Hongzhi reign.
6
弘治元年春正月己亥，享太廟。 丙午，大祀天地於南郊。 己未，始考察鎮守武臣。 二月戊戌，祭社稷。 丁未，耕耤田。 封哈密左都督罕慎為忠順王。 丙辰，禁廷臣請託公事。 三月乙丑，疏文武大臣及中外四品以上官姓名，揭文華殿壁。 癸酉，釋奠於先師孔子。 乙亥，小王子寇蘭州，都指揮廖斌擊敗之。 丙子，御經筵。 丁丑，命儒臣日講。
In the first month of spring in Hongzhi one, on jihai, the emperor offered at the Imperial Temple. On bingwu he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On jiwei the court began its first systematic review of frontier garrison commanders. In the second month, on wuxu, the emperor sacrificed to the altars of soil and grain. On dingwei the emperor plowed the sacred field. Han Shen, left commissioner-in-chief of the Hami Guard, was enfeoffed as Prince of Loyal Submission. On bingchen the throne forbade court officials to use public business to seek private favors. In the third month, on yichou, the court posted on the Wenhua Hall wall a roster of leading civil and military ministers and every official at the fourth rank and above, inside and outside the capital. On guiyou the court performed the Confucian sacrifice. On yihai the Little Prince raided Lanzhou and was beaten back by Regional Commander Liao Bin. On bingzi the emperor attended the Classics Colloquium in person. On dingchou Confucian lecturers were ordered to expound the classics daily.
7
夏四月甲寅，以天暑錄囚。 嗣後歲以為常。 六月癸巳朔，日有食之。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiayin, the heat prompted a review of prisoners. Thereafter the summer prisoner review became an annual practice. On the new moon of the sixth month, guisi, there was a solar eclipse.
8
秋七月戊辰，減浙江銀課，汰管理銀場官。 八月乙巳，小王子犯山丹、永昌。 辛亥，犯獨石、馬營。
In the seventh month of autumn, on wuchen, the court cut Zhejiang's silver levy and abolished officials supervising the silver mines. In the eighth month, on yisi, the Little Prince struck Shandan and Yongchang. On xinhai he raided Dushi and Maying.
9
冬十月乙卯，赈湖廣、四川饑。 十一月甲申，妖僧繼曉伏誅。 乙酉，免河南被災秋糧。
In the tenth month of winter, on yimao, relief was sent to famine in Huguang and Sichuan. In the eleventh month, on jiashen, the sorcerer-monk Jixiao was put to death. On yiyou autumn grain tribute was forgiven in disaster-hit Henan.
10
是年，土魯番殺忠順王罕慎，復據哈密。 琉球、占城、撒馬兒罕、烏斯藏入貢。
That year Turfan murdered Prince Han Shen of Loyal Submission and reoccupied Hami. Embassies came from Ryukyu, Champa, Samarkand, and U-Tsang.
11
弘治二年
The second year of the Hongzhi reign.
12
二年春正月丁卯，收已故內臣賜田，給百姓。 辛未，大祀天地於南郊。 二月癸巳，赈四川饑。 三月己未，免陝西被災秋糧三分之二。 戊寅，閉會川銀礦。
In the second year, in the first month of spring, on dingmao, lands once granted to dead palace eunuchs were seized and distributed to commoners. On xinwei he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on guisi, relief was sent to famine in Sichuan. In the third month, on jiwei, two-thirds of Shaanxi's autumn grain tribute was forgiven where disaster had struck. On wuyin the Huichuan Guard silver mine was shut down.
13
夏五月庚申，河決開封，入沁河，役五萬人治之。
In the fifth month of summer, on gengshen, the Yellow River broke its banks at Kaifeng and poured into the Qin River; fifty thousand laborers were mobilized for repairs.
14
秋七月癸亥，以京師霪雨、南京大風雷修省，求直言。 戊寅，赈畿內水災，免稅糧，給貧民麥種。 八月丁酉，復四川流民復業者雜役三年。 己酉，憲宗神主祔太廟。 十一月戊午，順天饑，發粟平糶。 十二月甲申朔，日有食之。 辛卯，賜于謙諡，立祠曰「旌功」。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guihai, flooding rains in the capital and violent wind and thunder in Nanjing moved the throne to order court-wide self-examination and invite blunt memorials. On wuyin the court relieved flood victims in the metropolitan districts, remitted tax and grain, and issued wheat seed to the destitute. In the eighth month, on dingyou, Sichuan refugees who resumed farming were exempted from miscellaneous corvée for three years. On jiyou the spirit tablet of Emperor Xianzong was installed in the Imperial Temple. In the eleventh month, on wuwu, famine struck Shuntian and the government sold grain from the granaries at reduced price. On the new moon of the twelfth month, jiashen, there was a solar eclipse. On xinmao Yu Qian was given a posthumous name and a shrine entitled Commending Merit was founded in his honor.
15
是年，土魯番入貢。 撒馬兒罕貢獅子、鸚鵡，之。
That year Turfan sent a tribute mission. Samarkand offered lions and parrots; the court declined them.
16
弘治三年
The third year of the Hongzhi reign.
17
三年春正月甲子，大祀天地於南郊。 二月壬辰，免河南被災秋糧。 甲午，戶部請免南畿、湖廣稅糧。 上曰：「凶歲義當損上益下。 必欲取盈，如病民何。」 悉從之。 三月丙辰，命天下預備倉積粟，以里數多寡為差，不及額者罪之。 庚午，賜錢福等進士及第、出身有差。 甲戌，侍郎張海、通政使元守直閱邊。
In the third year, in the first month of spring, on jiazi, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on renchen, autumn grain tribute was forgiven in disaster-hit Henan. On jiawu the Ministry of Revenue petitioned to remit tax and grain in the Southern Metropolitan Region and Huguang. The emperor said, "In years of dearth, duty requires that the ruler take less so the people may gain. If the treasury must still be filled to the brim, how is that any different from sickening the people? The petitions were all approved. In the third month, on bingchen, the throne ordered every prefecture to fill its reserve granaries according to district size, with penalties for shortfalls. On gengwu Qian Fu and the other metropolitan graduates received jinshi honors in graded ranks. On jiaxu Vice Minister Zhang Hai and Commissioner of Transmission Yuan Shouzhi were sent to inspect the border defenses.
18
秋九月庚戌，禁內府加派供御物料。 閏月癸巳，禁宗室、勳戚奏請田土及受人投獻。
In the ninth month of autumn, on gengxu, supplemental levies for the inner palace were banned. In the intercalary month, on guisi, the throne forbade imperial princes and ennobled kin either to petition for land grants or to accept estates offered them.
19
冬十一月甲辰，停工役，罷內官燒造瓷器。 十二月辛亥，以彗星見，敕臣修省，陳軍民利病。 己未，京師地震。 壬戌，減供御品物，罷明年上元燈火。
In the eleventh month of winter, on jiachen, corvée projects were suspended and palace eunuchs were stopped from firing imperial porcelain. In the twelfth month, on xinhai, a comet prompted an edict ordering ministers to examine themselves and report on policies that helped or harmed troops and commoners. On jiwei an earthquake struck the capital. On renxu the court cut palace provisions and canceled the coming year's Lantern Festival illuminations.
20
是年，琉球、安南、哈密、撒馬兒罕、天方、土魯番入貢。
That year tribute missions came from Ryukyu, Annam, Hami, Samarkand, Mecca, and Turfan.
21
弘治四年
The fourth year of the Hongzhi reign.
22
四年春正月癸未，以修省罷上元節假。 己丑，大祀天地於南郊，停慶成宴。 二月己巳，敕法司曰：「曩因天道示異，敕天下諸司審錄重囚，發遣數十百人。 朕以為與其寬之於終，孰若謹之於始。 嗣後兩京三法司及天下問刑官，務存心仁恕，持法公平，詳審其情罪所當，庶不背於古聖人欽恤之訓。」 六月辛亥，京師地震。
In the fourth year, in the first month of spring, on guiwei, the court canceled the Lantern Festival holiday as part of its austerity of self-examination. On jichou he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth but omitted the usual celebratory feast. In the second month, on jisi, an edict to the law courts read: "Earlier, when Heaven displayed omens, I ordered every yamen in the empire to re-examine capital cases and release several tens or hundreds of prisoners. I hold that leniency at the end is no match for care at the beginning. Hereafter the three judicial offices of both capitals and every penal official in the realm must judge with humane hearts and even hand, weighing circumstance and crime with care, lest they betray the sages' doctrine of reverent mercy. In the sixth month, on xinhai, an earthquake struck the capital.
23
秋八月庚戌，蘇、松、浙江水，停本年織造。 乙卯，南京地震。 己未，封皇弟祐榰為壽王，祐汝王，祐涇王，祐樞榮王，祐楷申王。
In the eighth month of autumn, on gengxu, floods hit Suzhou, Songjiang, and Zhejiang and the court halted that year's textile levies. On yimao Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. On jiwei the emperor enfeoffed his brothers Zhu Youwei as Prince of Shou, Zhu Youyuan as Prince of Ru, Zhu Youkui as Prince of Jing, Zhu Youshu as Prince of Rong, and Zhu Youkai as Prince of Shen.
24
冬十月丙辰，以皇長子生，詔天下。 戊午，河溢，赈河南被災者。 乙丑，禮部尚書丘濬兼文淵閣大學士預機務。 十一月庚辰，赈南畿災。 十二月甲子，土魯番以哈密地及金印來歸。
In the tenth month of winter, on bingchen, the birth of the heir prompted an edict to the empire. On wuwu the Yellow River burst its banks and relief was sent to the afflicted in Henan. On yichou Minister of Rites Qiu Jun was additionally appointed grand academician of the Wenyuan Pavilion and joined the Grand Secretariat. In the eleventh month, on gengchen, relief was sent to disaster victims in the Southern Metropolitan Region. In the twelfth month, on jiazi, Turfan restored Hami and its gold seal to the Ming.
25
是年，暹羅入貢。
That year Siam sent a tribute mission.
26
弘治五年
The fifth year of the Hongzhi reign.
27
五年春正月壬午，大祀天地於南郊。 二月丙寅，命陝巴襲封忠順王。 庚午，減陝西織造絨毼之半。 三月戊寅，立皇子厚照為皇太子，大赦。 錄太祖廟配享功臣絕封者後。 辛卯，廣西副總兵馬俊、參議馬鉉、千戶王珊等討古田叛僮，遇伏死。
In the first month of spring, on renwu, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb. In the second month, on bingyin, Shaanba was commanded to succeed to the title Prince of Zhongshun. On gengwu Shaanxi's state-run manufacture of pile rugs was cut by half. In the third month, on wuyin, Prince Houzhao was named crown prince and the realm was granted a general amnesty. Descendants were enrolled for meritorious officials enshrined with Taizu whose enfeoffments had died out. On xinmao Ma Jun, vice commander-in-chief in Guangxi, Participant Ma Xian, Company Commander Wang Shan, and others attacked rebellious Zhuang in Gutian, walked into an ambush, and were killed.
28
夏六月丁未，免南畿去年被災稅糧。
In the sixth month of summer, on dingwei, last year's disaster-stricken tax grain in the Southern Metropolitan Region was forgiven.
29
秋七月甲午，赈南京、浙江、山東饑。 八月癸卯，劉吉致仕。 乙丑，停蘇、松、浙江額外織造，召督造官還。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiawu, famine relief was sent to Nanjing, Zhejiang, and Shandong. In the eighth month, on guimao, Liu Ji retired. On yichou extra weaving in Suzhou, Songjiang, and Zhejiang was stopped and the supervising officials were recalled.
30
冬十月壬戌，湖廣總兵官鎮遠侯顧溥、貴州巡撫都御史鄧廷瓚、太監江會師討貴州黑苗。 十一月丙申，閉溫、處銀坑。 十二月丁巳，荊王見潚有罪，廢為庶人。
In the tenth month of winter, on renxu, Huguang commander-in-chief Marquis of Zhenyuan Gu Pu, Guizhou grand coordinator Deng Tingzan, and the eunuch Jiang Bin united their armies against the Black Miao of Guizhou. In the eleventh month, on bingshen, the silver mines of Wenzhou and Chuzhou were shut down. In the twelfth month, on dingsi, Prince of Jing Jian Ze was judged guilty and reduced to commoner status.
31
是年，琉球、烏斯藏、土魯番入貢。 火剌札國貢方物，不受，給廩食遣還。
That year Ryukyu, Tibet, and Turfan sent tribute missions. Huolazha sent tribute goods; the court declined them, issued rations, and sent the envoys home.
32
弘治六年
Hongzhi six
33
六年春正月己卯，大祀天地於南郊。 二月甲寅，錄常遇春、李文忠、鄧愈、湯和後裔，世襲指揮使。 丁巳，擢布政使劉大夏右副都御史，治張秋決河。 三月癸未，賜毛澄等進士及第、出身有差。
In the first month of spring, on jimao, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb. In the second month, on jiayin, the lines of Chang Yuchun, Li Wenzhong, Deng Yu, and Tang He were enrolled and granted hereditary commanderships. On dingsi Regional Commissioner Liu Daxia was promoted to right vice censor-in-chief to manage the Zhangqiu Yellow River breach. In the third month, on guiwei, Mao Cheng and other metropolitan graduates received jinshi honors and appointments according to rank.
34
夏四月己亥，土魯番速檀阿黑麻襲執陝巴，據哈密。 己酉，侍郎張海、都督同知緱謙經略哈密。 辛酉，久旱，敕修省，求直言。 五月丙寅，小王子犯寧夏，殺指揮趙璽。 閏月乙未，免南京被災秋糧。 六月庚午，捕蝗。 壬申，都御史閔珪擊破古田叛僮。
In the fourth month of summer, on jihai, Turfan's sultan Aheima seized Shaanba and occupied Hami. On jiyou Vice Minister Zhang Hai and regional military commissioner Gou Qian were sent to manage Hami. On xinyou, after long drought, the throne ordered self-examination and called for blunt memorials. In the fifth month, on bingyin, the Little Prince struck Ningxia and killed Commander Zhao Xi. In the intercalary month, on yiwei, autumn grain tax was forgiven in disaster-hit Nanjing. In the sixth month, on gengwu, locusts were hunted down. On renshen Censor-in-Chief Min Gui routed the rebellious Zhuang of Gutian.
35
秋八月甲戌，免順天被災夏稅。 九月丁酉，免陝西被災夏稅。
In the eighth month of autumn, on jiaxu, summer tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Shuntian. In the ninth month, on dingyou, summer tax was forgiven in disaster-stricken Shaanxi.
36
冬十月丙寅，以災傷罷明年上元燈火。 庚辰，停甘肅織造絨毼。 十一月庚申，赈京師流民。 十二月己卯，敕天下鎮巡官修省。
In the tenth month of winter, on bingyin, disaster losses led the court to cancel the next year's Lantern Festival lights. On gengchen state-run pile-rug manufacture in Gansu was stopped. In the eleventh month, on gengshen, the capital's homeless were given relief. In the twelfth month, on jimao, an edict ordered frontier and provincial officials everywhere to examine their conduct.
37
是年，安南、烏斯藏、土魯番、暹羅入貢。
That year Annam, Tibet, Turfan, and Siam sent tribute missions.
38
弘治七年
Hongzhi seven
39
七年春正月丁酉，大祀天地於南郊。 二月甲子，以去年冬孝陵風雷之變，遣使祭告，修省，求直言，命內外慎刑獄，決輕繫。 三月癸巳，貴州黑苗平。 戊申，兩畿捕蝗。
In the first month of spring, on dingyou, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb. In the second month, on jiazi, after wind and thunder had struck Xiaoling the previous winter, envoys were sent to report and sacrifice; the court ordered self-examination, sought blunt memorials, and told officials everywhere to handle criminal cases carefully and release light offenders. In the third month, on guisi, the Black Miao of Guizhou were pacified. On wushen locusts were hunted in the Two Capitals region.
40
夏五月甲辰，太監李興、平江伯陳銳同劉大夏治張秋決河。
In the fifth month of summer, on jiachen, the eunuch Li Xing and Marquis of Pingjiang Chen Rui joined Liu Daxia in managing the Zhangqiu Yellow River breach.
41
秋七月乙巳，京師地震。 丙午，工部侍郎徐貫、巡撫副都御史何鑑經理南畿水利。 九月丁亥，以水災停蘇、松諸府所辦物料，留關鈔、戶鹽備赈。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yisi, an earthquake struck the capital. On bingwu Works Vice Minister Xu Guan and vice grand coordinator He Jian were put in charge of waterworks in the Southern Metropolitan Region. In the ninth month, on dinghai, flooding led the court to stop requisitions from Suzhou, Songjiang, and other prefectures and to keep transit-tax notes and household salt for relief.
42
冬十一月壬子，京師地震。 十二月甲戌，張秋河工成。 己卯，赈甘、涼被兵軍民，給牛種。
In the eleventh month of winter, on renzi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the twelfth month, on jiaxu, the Zhangqiu river works were finished. On jimao soldiers and civilians in Ganzhou and Liangzhou harmed by warfare were relieved, and cattle and seed were issued.
43
是年，免北京、河南、湖廣、陝西、山西被災稅糧。 琉球入貢。 以土魯番據哈密，其貢使。
That year tax grain was forgiven in disaster-stricken Beijing, Henan, Huguang, Shaanxi, and Shanxi. Ryukyu sent a tribute mission. Because Turfan held Hami, its tribute envoys were detained.
44
弘治八年
Hongzhi eight
45
八年春正月乙未，大祀天地於南郊，以太皇太后不豫，免慶成宴。 壬子，甘肅總兵官劉寧敗小王子於涼州。 二月乙卯朔，日有食之。 戊午，丘濬卒。 乙丑，禮部侍郎李東陽、少詹事謝遷入閣預機務。 己卯，黃陵岡河口工成。 三月壬辰，免湖廣被災稅糧。 己亥，寧夏地震。
In the first month of spring, on yiwei, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb; because the grand empress dowager was ill, the celebratory feast was omitted. On renzi Gansu commander-in-chief Liu Ning defeated the Little Prince at Liangzhou. In the second month, on the new moon yimao, there was a solar eclipse. On wuwu Qiu Jun died. On yichou Rites Vice Minister Li Dongyang and Junior Mentor Xie Qian entered the Grand Secretariat to take part in state affairs. On jimao the works at the Huanglinggang river mouth were completed. In the third month, on renchen, tax grain was forgiven in disaster-stricken Huguang. On jihai an earthquake struck Ningxia.
46
夏四月甲寅，蘇、松各府治水工成。 壬戌，諭吏部、都察院，人材進退，考察務得實跡，不可偏聽枉人。 五月己丑，免南畿被災秋糧。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiayin, flood-control works in Suzhou and Songjiang were finished. On renxu the Ministry of Personnel and the Censorate were told that promotions and dismissals must follow verified inspection records and must not be swayed by partisan or distorted reports. In the fifth month, on jichou, autumn grain tax was remitted in the disaster-hit Southern Metropolitan Region.
47
秋七月丁亥，封宋儒楊時將樂伯，從祀孔子廟庭。 戊子，廣西副總兵歐磐擊破平樂叛瑤。 八月癸亥，以四方災異數見，敕臣修省。
In the seventh month of autumn, on dinghai, the Song scholar Yang Shi was enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiangle and given secondary place in Confucius's temple. On wuzi Guangxi vice commander-in-chief Ou Pan routed the rebellious Yao of Pingle. In the eighth month, on guihai, as disasters and portents had repeatedly appeared throughout the realm, the throne ordered the ministers to examine their conduct.
48
冬十一月己酉，免直隸被災秋糧。 十二月辛酉，巡撫甘肅僉都御史許進、總兵官劉寧入哈密，土魯番遁，遂班師。
In the eleventh month of winter, on jiyou, autumn grain tax was forgiven in disaster-stricken Zhili. In the twelfth month, on xinyou, Gansu grand coordinator Xu Jin and commander-in-chief Liu Ning entered Hami; Turfan withdrew, and the army returned.
49
是年，爪哇、占城、烏斯藏入貢。 乜克力諸部肅州塞求入貢，之。
That year Java, Champa, and Tibet sent tribute missions. Mikeli tribes at the Suzhou frontier pass asked to send tribute; the court refused.
50
弘治九年
Hongzhi nine
51
九年春正月壬辰，大祀天地於南郊。 二月庚午，免河南被災稅糧。 辛未，右通政張璞、大理少卿馬中錫閱邊。 三月丙申，賜朱希周等進士及第、出身有差。
In the first month of spring, on renchen, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb. In the second month, on gengwu, tax grain was forgiven in disaster-stricken Henan. On xinwei Right Commissioner for Transmission Zhang Pu and assistant chief law officer Ma Zhongxi inspected the frontier. In the third month, on bingshen, Zhu Xizhou and other metropolitan graduates received jinshi honors and appointments according to rank.
52
夏四月戊子，以岷王膺奏，逮武岡知州劉遜。 給事中、御史龐泮、劉紳等諫，下錦衣獄，尋釋之。 六月庚子，免江西被災稅糧。
In the fourth month of summer, on wuzi, after Prince of Min Ying Pan memorialized, Wugang magistrate Liu Xun was arrested. Remonstrating officials Pang Pan, Liu Shen, and others were jailed in the Embroidered-Uniform Guard prison and soon released. In the sixth month, on gengzi, tax grain was forgiven in disaster-stricken Jiangxi.
53
秋八月壬寅，免湖廣被災秋糧。 九月己酉，禁勢家侵奪民利。 [二]
In the eighth month of autumn, on renyin, autumn grain tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Huguang. In the ninth month, on jiyou, powerful families were forbidden to seize profits from the common people. [2]
54
是年，日本、疏球、烏斯藏入貢。
That year Japan, Ryukyu, and Tibet sent tribute missions.
55
弘治十年
Hongzhi ten
56
十年春正月庚戌，大祀天地於南郊。 三月辛亥，以旱霾修省，求直言。 甲子，召大學士劉健、李東陽、謝遷於文華殿議庶政，後以為常。
In the first month of spring, on gengxu, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb. In the third month, on xinhai, drought haze led the court to order self-examination and seek blunt memorials. On jiazi Grand Secretaries Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, and Xie Qian were summoned to the Wenhua Hall to discuss routine administration, and the practice later became regular.
57
夏五月戊辰，小王子犯潮河川。 己巳，犯大同。 六月己卯，侍郎劉大夏、李介理宣府、大同軍餉。
In the fifth month of summer, on wuchen, the Little Prince raided Chaohu River. On jisi he struck Datong. In the sixth month, on jimao, Vice Ministers Liu Daxia and Li Jie were put in charge of military provisions for Xuanfu and Datong.
58
秋七月癸丑，都督楊玉帥京營軍，備永平。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guichou, Regional Commander Yang Yu led the capital army to ready the defenses at Yongping.
59
冬十一月庚子，土魯番歸陝巴，乞通貢。
In the eleventh month of winter, on gengzi, Turfan returned Shaanba and asked to resume tribute.
60
是年，免南畿、山西、陝西被災稅糧，赈山東、四川水災。 安南、暹羅、烏斯藏入貢。
That year tax grain was forgiven in the disaster-hit Southern Metropolitan Region, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, and flood victims in Shandong and Sichuan were relieved. Annam, Siam, and Tibet sent tribute missions.
61
弘治十一年
Hongzhi eleven
62
十一年春正月丁未，大祀天地於南郊。 二月己巳，小王子遣使求貢。
In the first month of spring, on dingwei, the Emperor offered the great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth at the Southern Suburb. In the second month, on jisi, the Little Prince sent envoys asking to offer tribute.
63
夏五月戊申，甘肅參將楊翥敗小王子於黑山。
In the fifth month of summer, on wushen, Gansu vice commander Yang Chong defeated the Little Prince at Heishan.
64
秋七月己酉，總制三邊都御史王越襲小王子於賀蘭山後，敗之。 癸亥，徐溥致仕。 八月癸未，赈祥符民被河患者。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiyou, supreme commander of the three frontiers Wang Yue struck the Little Prince behind Helan Mountain and routed him. On guihai Xu Pu retired. In the eighth month, on guiwei, people in Xiangfu harmed by the river were given relief.
65
冬十月丙寅，命工作不得役團營軍士。 甲戌，清寧宮災。 丁亥，敕臣修省，求直言，罷明年上元燈火。 十一月壬子，免陝西織造羊絨。 閏月壬戌朔，日有食之。 乙酉，罷福建織造綵布。 十二月庚子，禁中外奢靡踰制。 壬子，以清寧宮災詔赦天下。
In the tenth month of winter, on bingyin, the court ruled that public works must not conscript regiment-camp soldiers. On jiaxu the Qingning Palace burned. On dinghai the emperor ordered his ministers to undertake court-wide self-examination, called for frank memorials, and canceled the next year's First Full Moon lantern displays. In the eleventh month, on renzi, the court ended Shaanxi's manufacture of lamb's-wool fabrics. On the intercalary month's new moon renxu there was a solar eclipse. On yiyou the court ended Fujian's manufacture of colored cloth. In the twelfth month, on gengzi, the throne forbade extravagance beyond statute at court and throughout the realm. On renzi, after fire struck the Qingning Palace, the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
66
是年，免山西、陝西、兩畿、廣西、廣東被災稅糧。 土魯番、烏斯藏入貢。
That year tax grain was forgiven in disaster districts of Shanxi, Shaanxi, the Two Metropolitan Regions, Guangxi, and Guangdong. That year Turfan and Ü-Tsang sent tribute missions.
67
弘治十二年
The twelfth year of the Hongzhi reign.
68
十二年春正月辛未，大祀天地於南郊，免慶成宴。 二月壬辰，免山東被災夏稅。 戊申，嚴左道惑之禁。 三月丁丑，賜倫文等進士及第、出身有差。
In the twelfth year, in the first month of spring, on xinwei, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth and waived the celebratory feast. In the second month, on renchen, summer tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Shandong. On wushen the throne strictly enforced the ban on heterodox cults that misled the people. In the third month, on dingchou, Lun Wenxu and other metropolitan graduates received jinshi honors and appointments according to rank.
69
夏四月癸巳，敕宣、大、延綏備邊。 是月，免湖廣、江西被災稅糧。 五月戊寅，免南畿被災秋糧。 六月甲辰，闕里先師廟災，遣使慰祭。
In the fourth month of summer, on guisi, the throne ordered the Xuanfu, Datong, and Yan-sui sectors to ready their defenses. That month tax grain was forgiven in disaster-stricken Huguang and Jiangxi. In the fifth month, on wuyin, autumn grain tax was remitted in the disaster-hit Southern Metropolitan Region. In the sixth month, on jiachen, fire destroyed the Confucius temple at Qufu; the court sent envoys to offer consolation and sacrifice.
70
秋八月，免河南、南畿被災夏稅。 九月壬午，普安賊婦米魯作亂。 [三]甲申，重建清寧宮成。
In the eighth month of autumn summer tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Henan and the Southern Metropolitan Region. In the ninth month, on renwu, Milu, a rebel woman of Pu'an, rose in arms. [3] On jiashen reconstruction of the Qingning Palace was completed.
71
是年，占城、烏斯藏、土魯番、爪哇、撒馬兒罕入貢。
That year Champa, Ü-Tsang, Turfan, Java, and Samarkand sent tribute missions.
72
弘治十三年
The thirteenth year of the Hongzhi reign.
73
十三年春正月乙丑，大祀天地於南郊。 二月戊子，免山西被災稅糧。 庚寅，定問刑條例。 乙未，嚴旌舉連坐之法。
In the thirteenth year, in the first month of spring, on yichou, he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on wuzi, tax grain was remitted in disaster-stricken Shanxi. On gengyin the court fixed the regulations governing criminal inquiry. On yiwei the throne strictly enforced joint-punishment rules for corrupt recommendations.
74
夏四月，火篩寇大同，遊擊將軍王杲敗績於威遠。 乙巳，平江伯陳銳為靖虜將軍，充總兵官，太監金輔監軍，戶部左侍郎許進提督軍務，禦之。 五月甲寅朔，日有食之。 丙辰，召大學士劉健、李東陽、謝遷於平臺，議京營將領。 癸亥，火篩大舉入寇大同左，遊擊將軍張俊禦之。 [四]六月甲申，免江西被災秋糧，停山、陝採辦物料。 庚子，召陳銳、金輔還，保國公朱暉、太監扶安往代，益兵禦寇。
In the fourth month of summer Huosai struck Datong; Guerrilla General Wang Gao was routed at Weiyuan Guard. On yisi Chen Rui, Baron of Pingjiang, was made Pacifying the Barbarians General and supreme commander, with the eunuch Jin Fu overseeing the army and Revenue Vice Minister Xu Jin directing operations against the invaders. In the fifth month, on the new moon jiayin, there was a solar eclipse. On bingchen Grand Secretaries Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, and Xie Qian were summoned to the Lecture Platform to discuss capital-garrison commanders. On guihai Huosai launched a major invasion of Datong Left Guard; Guerrilla General Zhang Jun met and resisted the attack. [4] In the sixth month, on jiashen, autumn grain tax was remitted in disaster-hit Jiangxi and procurement in Shanxi and Shaanxi was suspended. On gengzi Chen Rui and Jin Fu were recalled; Defender of the State Zhu Hui and the eunuch Fu An replaced them with reinforcements to repel the raiders.
75
秋七月己巳，京師地震。 八月辛卯，赈江西水災。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jisi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the eighth month, on xinmao, the court gave relief to Jiangxi flood victims.
76
冬十月戊申，兩京地震。 是月，小王子諸部寇大同。 十二月辛丑，火篩寇大同，南掠百餘里。
In the tenth month of winter, on wushen, both capitals were shaken by earthquakes. That month divisions of the northern Little Prince struck Datong. In the twelfth month, on xinchou, Huosai struck Datong and raided southward for more than a hundred li.
77
是年，小王子部入居河套，犯延綏神木堡。 琉球、土魯番、烏斯藏入貢。
That year a division of the Little Prince moved into the Ordos bend and attacked Shenmu Fort on the Yan-sui frontier. That year Ryukyu, Turfan, and Ü-Tsang sent tribute missions.
78
弘治十四年
The fourteenth year of the Hongzhi reign.
79
十四年春正月庚戌朔，陝西地大震。 己未，大祀天地於南郊。 二月己亥，罷陝西織造中官。
In the fourteenth year, on the new moon gengxu in the first month of spring, Shaanxi was shaken by a great earthquake. On jiwei he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on jihai, the court abolished Shaanxi's eunuch supervisors of weaving.
80
夏四月庚辰，工部侍郎李鐩總督延綏邊餉。 戊子，保國公朱暉、提督軍務都御史史琳、監軍太監苗逵分道進師延綏。 戊戌，免陝西、山西物料。 是月，火篩諸部寇固原。 五月庚戌，赈大同被兵軍民，免稅糧。 辛酉，免陝西被災稅糧。 戊辰，修闕里先師廟。 命各布政使司上地里圖。
In the fourth month of summer, on gengchen, Works Vice Minister Li Yong was appointed to superintend Yan-sui frontier supplies. On wuzi Zhu Hui, Defender of the State, Military Affairs Superintendent Shi Lin, and Army Supervisor Miao Kui advanced on Yan-sui by separate routes. On wuxu levies of materials in Shaanxi and Shanxi were remitted. That month Huosai's allied divisions raided Guyuan. In the fifth month, on gengxu, the court relieved Datong's war-stricken soldiers and civilians and remitted their tax grain. On xinyou tax grain was remitted in disaster-stricken Shaanxi. On wuchen work began to repair the Confucius temple at Qufu. The court ordered every provincial administration to submit cadastral maps.
81
冬十一月癸巳，分遣侍郎何鑑、大理寺丞吳一貫赈卹兩畿、山東、河南饑民。 十二月戊辰，遼東大饑，赈之。 是月，寇出河套。
In the eleventh month of winter, on guisi, Vice Minister He Jian and Review Assistant Commissioner Wu Yiguan were sent separately to relieve famine in the Two Metropolitan Regions, Shandong, and Henan. In the twelfth month, on wuchen, a great famine struck Liaodong and the court gave relief. That month raiders issued from the Ordos bend.
82
是年，免湖廣、江西、山西、山東、陝西、河南、畿內被災稅糧。 安南、琉球入貢。
That year tax grain was forgiven in disaster districts of Huguang, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan, and the metropolitan regions. That year Annam and Ryukyu sent tribute missions.
83
弘治十五年
The fifteenth year of the Hongzhi reign.
84
十五年春正月丙子，朱暉帥師還。 丙戌，大祀天地於南郊。 二月癸丑，免河南被災稅糧。 三月癸未，罷饒州督造瓷器中官。 庚寅，賜康海等進士及第、出身有差。
In the fifteenth year, in the first month of spring, on bingzi, Zhu Hui led the army home. On bingxu he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the second month, on guichou, tax grain was remitted in disaster-stricken Henan. In the third month, on guiwei, the court abolished Raozhou's eunuch supervisors of porcelain manufacture. On gengyin Kang Hai and other metropolitan graduates received jinshi honors and appointments according to rank.
85
夏四月壬寅，赈京師貧民。 五月庚子，免湖廣被災秋糧。
In the fourth month of summer, on renyin, the court gave relief to the capital's poor. In the fifth month, on gengzi, autumn grain tax was remitted in disaster-stricken Huguang.
86
秋七月己卯，錄劉基後裔世襲指揮使。 己丑，王軾破斬米魯，貴州賊平。 辛卯，命各邊設養濟院、漏澤園。 八月庚戌，以南京、鳳陽霪雨大風，江溢為災，遣使祭告，敕兩京臣修省。 九月庚午朔，日有食之。 戊子，放減內府所畜鳥獸。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jimao, a descendant of Liu Ji was granted hereditary rank as commander. On jichou Wang Shi routed and beheaded Milu, and the Guizhou rebels were pacified. On xinmao the court ordered every frontier guard to establish poorhouses and public burial grounds. In the eighth month, on gengxu, after floods from heavy rain and gales at Nanjing and Fengyang, the court sent envoys to report to Heaven and ordered officials in both capitals to undertake self-examination. In the ninth month, on the new moon gengwu, there was a solar eclipse. On wuzi the court released and reduced the birds and beasts kept in the inner palace.
87
冬十月癸卯，罷明年上元燈火。 十一月壬申，瓊州黎賊作亂。 甲午，罷廣東採珠。 十二月己酉，大明會典成。 辛亥，以疾不視朝。 是月，免南畿被災秋糧。
In the tenth month of winter, on guimao, the court canceled the next year's First Full Moon lantern displays. In the eleventh month, on renshen, Li rebels in Qiongzhou rose in arms. On jiawu the court ended Guangdong's pearl-diving levy. In the twelfth month, on jiyou, the Collected Statutes of the Great Ming were completed. On xinhai the emperor, ill, did not hold court. That month autumn grain tax was remitted in the disaster-hit Southern Metropolitan Region.
88
是年，琉球、安南入貢。
That year Ryukyu and Annam sent tribute missions.
89
弘治十六年
The sixteenth year of the Hongzhi reign.
90
十六年春正月癸酉，遣官代享太廟。 二月辛丑，視朝。 戊申，大祀天地於南郊。 三月癸巳，免山西被災稅糧。
In the sixteenth year, in the first month of spring, on guiyou, officials were sent to offer sacrifice at the Imperial Ancestral Temple on the emperor's behalf. In the second month, on xinchou, the emperor held court again. On wushen he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. In the third month, on guisi, tax grain was remitted in disaster-stricken Shanxi.
91
夏四月辛亥，敕宣、大嚴邊備。 五月戊子，以雲南災變敕臣修省。 刑部侍郎樊瑩巡視雲、貴，察官吏，問民疾苦。
In the fourth month of summer, on xinhai, the throne ordered Xuanfu and Datong to tighten frontier defenses. In the fifth month, on wuzi, after disasters and portents in Yunnan, the emperor ordered his ministers to undertake court-wide self-examination. Justice Vice Minister Fan Ying toured Yunnan and Guizhou, inspected officials, and inquired into popular hardship.
92
秋七月，廣東官軍討黎賊，敗之。 九月丁丑，赈兩畿、浙江、山東、河南、湖廣被災軍民。
In the seventh month of autumn Guangdong government troops campaigned against the Li rebels and defeated them. In the ninth month, on dingchou, the court gave relief to soldiers and civilians in disaster districts of the Two Metropolitan Regions, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, and Huguang.
93
冬十一月甲戌，罷營造器物及明年上元火。 是月，免南畿被災秋糧。 十二月丙午，免淮、揚、浙江物料。
In the eleventh month of winter, on jiaxu, the court halted manufacture of ritual objects and canceled the next year's First Full Moon lantern displays. That month autumn grain tax was remitted in the disaster-hit Southern Metropolitan Region. In the twelfth month, on bingwu, levies of materials in the Huai-Yang and Zhejiang sectors were remitted.
94
是年，安南、暹羅、哈密、土魯番、撒馬兒罕入貢。
That year Annam, Siam, Hami, Turfan, and Samarkand sent tribute missions.
95
弘治十七年
The seventeenth year of the Hongzhi reign.
96
十七年春正月辛未，南京工部侍郎高銓赈應天饑。 甲戌，大祀天地於南郊。 壬午，嚴誣告之禁。 二月甲寅，減供用物料。 己未，嚴讖緯妖書之禁。 庚申，免浙江被災稅糧。 三月壬戌，太皇太后崩。 癸未，定太廟各室一帝一后之制。
In the seventeenth year, in the first month of spring, on xinwei, Nanjing Works Vice Minister Gao Quan gave relief in the Yingtian famine. On jiaxu he offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On renwu the throne strictly enforced the ban on malicious accusations. In the second month, on jiayin, the court cut materials for imperial use. On jiwei the throne strictly enforced bans on prophecy, weft texts, and heterodox books. On gengshen tax grain was remitted in disaster-stricken Zhejiang. In the third month, on renxu, the Grand Empress Dowager died. On guiwei the court fixed the rule that each bay of the Grand Ancestral Temple enshrines one emperor and one empress.
97
夏四月己酉，葬孝肅皇太后。 閏月辛酉，闕里先師廟成，遣大學士李東陽祭告。 庚午，免山東被災稅糧。 乙亥，以四方災荒敕臣修省。 庚辰，命諸司詳議害民弊政。 五月壬辰，罷南京、蘇、杭織造中官。 六月乙亥，始命兩京五品以下官六年一考察。 辛巳，召劉健、李東陽於暖閣，議邊務。 癸未，火篩入大同，指揮鄭瑀力戰死。
In summer, on jiyou of the fourth month, Empress Xiaosu was interred. In the intercalary month, on xinyou, the temple of the First Teacher at Qufu was finished, and Grand Secretary Li Dongyang was sent to report the event. On gengwu, grain levies were forgiven in disaster-stricken Shandong. On yihai, with famine and disaster across the realm, the throne issued an edict commanding officials to examine their conduct. On gengchen every ministry was ordered to review in detail policies that harmed the people. In the fifth month, on renchen, palace eunuchs overseeing the imperial looms at Nanjing, Suzhou, and Hangzhou were dismissed. In the sixth month, on yihai, officials of fifth rank and below in both capitals were for the first time placed on a six-year cycle of performance review. On xinsi Liu Jian and Li Dongyang were called to the Warm Pavilion to deliberate on border affairs. On guiwei Huoshai entered Datong; Commander Zheng Yu fought to the end and fell.
98
秋七月癸巳，工部侍郎李鐩、大理少卿吳一貫、通政司參議叢蘭分道經略邊塞。 甲午，左副都御史閻仲宇、通政司參議熊偉分理邊餉。 八月戊辰，命天下撫、按、三司官奏軍民利病，士民建言可採者，所司以聞。 甲申，免南畿被災夏稅。 丁亥，召馬文升、戴珊於暖閣，諭以明年考察，務訪實蹟，以求至當。 九月庚寅，諭法司不得任情偏執，致淹獄囚。 甲寅，太常少卿孫交經略宣、大邊務。 丁巳，御暖閣，諭劉健、李東陽、謝遷：「諸邊首功，巡按御史察勘，動淹歲年，非所以示勸。 自今奏報，以遠近立限。 違者詰治。」 諭講官進講直言毋諱。
In autumn, on guisi of the seventh month, Vice Minister Li Yong of Works, Junior Vice President Wu Yiguan of the Court of Judicial Review, and Secretariat Participant Cong Lan were sent by separate routes to oversee the border defenses. On jiawu Left Vice Censor-in-Chief Yan Zhongyu and Secretariat Participant Xiong Wei were assigned to handle frontier provisions by separate routes. In the eighth month, on wuchen, provincial surveillance, pacification, and trinity commissioners were ordered to report what helped or harmed soldiers and civilians; worthy proposals from scholars and commoners were to be forwarded by the responsible offices. On jiashen summer grain tax was remitted in the disaster-stricken Southern Metropolitan Region. On dinghai Ma Wensheng and Dai Shan were summoned to the Warm Pavilion and told that next year's reviews must rest on verified facts so that judgments would be as fair as possible. In the ninth month, on gengyin, the judicial offices were warned not to indulge bias and thereby keep prisoners languishing in custody. On jiayin Vice Minister Sun Jiao of Court Ceremonies was sent to take charge of affairs on the Xuanfu and Datong frontiers. On dingsi, at the Warm Pavilion, he told Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, and Xie Qian: "When frontier merit is reported, touring censors take years to verify it—hardly a way to encourage valor. From now on, reports of such deeds shall fix deadlines according to distance. Whoever violates this shall be called to account. He also instructed the lecture officials to press forward in their lectures and speak frankly without holding back.
99
冬十一月戊子，罷雲南銀場。 十二月庚午，申閉糴之禁。 甲申，免湖廣被災秋糧。
In winter, on wuzi of the eleventh month, Yunnan's silver mines were shut down. In the twelfth month, on gengwu, the ban on neighboring districts' hoarding grain was reaffirmed. On jiashen autumn grain tax was forgiven in disaster-stricken Huguang.
100
是年，琉球、撒馬兒罕、哈密、烏斯藏入貢。
During the year, envoys arrived with tribute from Ryukyu, Samarkand, Hami, and U-Tsang.
101
弘治十八年
The eighteenth year of the Hongzhi reign.
102
十八年春正月己丑，小王子諸部圍靈州，入花馬池，遂掠韋州、環縣。 戶部侍郎顧佐理陝西軍餉。 乙未，大祀天地於南郊。 甲辰，小王子陷寧夏清水營。 二月戊辰，御奉天門，諭戶、兵、工三部曰：「方今生齒漸繁，而戶口、軍伍日就耗損，此皆官司撫卹無方，因仍苟且所致。 其悉議弊政以聞。」 三月癸卯，賜顧鼎臣等進士及第、出身有差。
In spring, on jichou of the first month, the Little Prince's tribes besieged Lingzhou, entered Huamachi, and then raided Weizhou and Huan County. Vice Minister Gu Zu of Revenue was sent to manage military provisions in Shaanxi. On yimao the emperor offered the great suburban sacrifice to Heaven and Earth. On jiachen the Little Prince seized Qing Shui Camp in Ningxia. In the second month, on wuchen, at Fengtian Gate he addressed the Ministries of Revenue, War, and Works: "The population grows ever denser, yet household registers and military rolls shrink day by day—all because officials have failed to nurture the people and cling to old abuses. Deliberate on harmful policies in full and report. In the third month, on guimao, Gu Dingchen and the other graduates received advanced and initial degrees, with ranks apportioned by standing.
103
夏四月戊寅，刑部侍郎何鑑撫輯荊、襄流民。 甲申，帝不豫。 五月庚寅，大漸，召大學士劉健、李東陽、謝遷受顧命。 辛卯，崩於乾清宮，年三十有六。 六月庚申，上尊謚，廟號孝宗，葬泰陵。
In summer, on wuyin of the fourth month, Vice Minister He Jian of Justice was sent to settle displaced people in Jing and Xiang. On jiashen the Emperor fell gravely ill. In the fifth month, on gengyin, his illness turned critical; Grand Secretaries Liu Jian, Li Dongyang, and Xie Qian were summoned to receive his deathbed charge. On xinmao he died in the Hall of Imperial Peace, aged thirty-six. In the sixth month, on gengshen, posthumous honors were granted, the temple name Xiaozong was bestowed, and he was buried at Tailing.
104
贊曰：明有天下，傳世十六，太祖、成祖而外，可稱者仁宗、宣宗、孝宗而已。 仁、宣之際，國勢初張，綱紀修立，淳樸未漓。 至成化以來，號為太平無事，而晏安則易耽怠玩，富盛則漸啟驕奢。 孝宗獨能恭儉有制，勤政愛民，兢兢於保泰持盈之道，用使朝序清寧，民物康阜。 易曰：「平不陂，往不復，艱貞咎。」 知此道者，其惟孝宗乎。。
The appraisal says: Among the sixteen who have held the Ming realm, apart from the founding Taizu and Chengzu, only Renzong, Xuanzong, and Xiaozong truly deserve the name. In the age of Renzong and Xuanzong the state was still gathering strength, institutions were being set in order, and plain custom had not yet been worn thin. From Chenghua onward the age was called peaceful and untroubled, yet ease bred slackness and indulgence, and growing wealth gradually opened the way to pride and luxury. Xiaozong alone held to disciplined frugality, diligent government, and care for the people, ever watchful in the way of preserving prosperity without overreach—so that court order stayed clear and the people's lot grew secure and abundant. The Book of Changes says: "Without level ground there is no slope; without going forth there is no return; steadfastness in hardship brings no blame. Of those who grasp this principle, was it not Xiaozong?
105
校勘記
Collation notes
106
[一]孝宗建天明道誠純中正聖文神武至仁大德敬皇帝建天，原作「達天」，誠純，原作「純誠」，據孝宗實錄改。
[1] "Xiaozong Jiantian Mingdao Chengcun Zhongzheng Shengwen Shenwu Zhiren Dade Jing Emperor": jian tian originally read da tian; chengcun originally read chuncheng; both emended on the authority of the Xiaozong Shilu.
107
[二]九月己酉禁勢家侵奪民利原脫「九月」。 「己酉」承上文「八月」，即成為八月己酉。 按是年八月乙亥朔，不得有己酉日。 孝宗實錄卷一一七繫「己酉」於九月，據補。
[2] "Ninth month, jiyou, prohibition on powerful families' seizure of popular profit": the original omitted "ninth month." "Jiyou" followed the preceding "eighth month" and would thus be read as jiyou of the eighth month. That year the first day of the eighth month was yihai; there could be no jiyou day in that month. The Xiaozong Shilu, juan 117, places "jiyou" in the ninth month; supplied here on that authority.
108
[三]九月壬午普安賊婦米魯作亂孝宗實錄卷一五一、國榷卷四四頁二七三七均繫於六月癸卯。 此「九月壬午」係兵部議奏征討之日，非始事之日，參見孝宗實錄卷一五四。
[3] "Ninth month, renwu, the Pu'an bandit woman Milu rebelled": the Xiaozong Shilu, juan 151, and the Guoque, juan 44, p. 2737, both date the outbreak to the sixth month on guimao. This "ninth month, renwu" is the day the Ministry of War deliberated and memorialized on the punitive campaign, not the day the rebellion began; see the Xiaozong Shilu, juan 154.
109
[四]遊擊將軍張俊禦之張俊，原作「張浚」，據本書卷一七五張俊傳、孝宗實錄卷一六二改。
[4] "Guerrilla General Zhang Jun to repel the bandits": Zhang Jun-the original read Zhang Jun (the cited text); emended per this book, juan 175, Biography of Zhang Jun, and the Xiaozong Shilu, juan 162.
110
[五]起秦紘為戶部尚書兼副都御史秦紘，原作「秦」。 本書卷一六武宗紀、孝宗實錄卷一七九都作「秦紘」。 按本書卷一七八有秦紘傳，事跡與紀合，據改。
[5] "Qin Hong recalled as Minister of Revenue and concurrent Vice Censor-in-Chief": Qin Hong—the original bore a corrupted graph. This book, juan 16, Wuzong Annals, and the Xiaozong Shilu, juan 179, all read Qin Hong. Collation: a biography of Qin Hong appears in this book, juan 178, and the account matches the annals entry; the text is corrected on that authority.