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【莊烈帝二】
Annals of Emperor Zhuanglie, Part Two.
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十一年春正月丁丑，洪承疇敗賊於梓潼，賊還走陝西。 丁亥，裁南京冗官。 二月甲辰，改河南巡按御史張任學為總兵官。 三月戊寅，賀逢聖致仕。 是月，李自成自洮州出番地，總兵官曹變蛟追破之，復入塞，走西和、禮縣。 夏四月辛丑，張獻忠偽降於穀城，熊文燦受之。 戊申，張至發致仕。 己酉，熒惑逆行，諭廷臣修省。 五月癸亥朔，策試考選官于中左門。 六月癸巳，安民廠災，壞城垣，傷萬餘人。 壬寅，孔貞運致仕。 乙卯，兵部尚書楊嗣昌、戶部尚書程國祥、禮部侍郎方逢年、工部侍郎蔡國用俱禮部尚書，大理少卿範復粹為禮部侍郎，並兼東閣大學士，預機務。 嗣昌仍掌兵部。 是月，兩畿、山東、河南大旱蝗。 秋七月乙丑，少詹事黃道周以論楊嗣昌奪情，謫按察司照磨。 八月戊戌，以災異屢見，齋居永壽宮，諭廷臣修省。 癸丑，傅冠致仕。 戊午，停刑。 流賊羅汝才等自陝州犯襄陽。 九月，陝西、山西旱饑。 辛巳，大清兵入牆子嶺，總督薊遼兵部侍郎吳阿衡死之。 癸未，京師戒嚴。 冬十月癸巳，盧象升入援，召對於武英殿。 甲午，括馬。 盧象升、高起潛分督援軍。 是月，洪承疇、曹變蛟大破賊于潼關南原，李自成以數騎遁。 十一月戊辰，大清兵克高陽，致仕大學士孫承宗死之。 戊子，罷盧象升，戴罪立功。 劉宇亮自請視師，許之。 是月，羅汝才降。 十二月庚子，方逢年罷。 盧象升兵敗于巨鹿，死之。 戊申，孫傳庭為兵部侍郎督援軍。 征洪承疇入衛。 是年，土魯番、琉球入貢。
In spring of the eleventh year, on dingchou of the first month, Hong Chengchou routed the rebels at Zitong, and they fled back into Shaanxi. On dinghai superfluous posts in the Nanjing administration were abolished. In the second month, on jiachen, Zhang Renxue, the touring investigating censor of Henan, was transferred to serve as regional commander. In the third month, on wuyin, He Fengsheng retired. That month Li Zicheng emerged from the Tibetan frontier at Taozhou; regional commander Cao Bianjiao pursued him, broke his force, and drove him back through the passes toward Xihe and Li County. In the fourth month of summer, on xinchou, Zhang Xianzhong pretended to submit at Gucheng, and Xiong Wencan accepted the surrender. On wushen Zhang Zhifa retired. On jiyou Mars was seen in retrograde, and the emperor charged his ministers to examine themselves and reform. On the guihai new moon of the fifth month the court tested selected examination officials by policy essay at the Central Left Gate. In the sixth month, on guisi, fire broke out at the Anmin Works, breaching the city wall and wounding more than ten thousand people. On renyin Kong Zhenyun retired. On yimao Minister of War Yang Sichang, Minister of Revenue Cheng Guoxiang, Vice Minister of Rites Fang Fengnian, and Vice Minister of Works Cai Guoyong were all promoted to minister of rites; vice minister of punishments Fan Fucui was made vice minister of rites; all five were also appointed grand secretaries of the Eastern Lodge with seats in confidential state deliberations. Yang Sichang retained control of the Ministry of War. That month severe drought and locust swarms struck the two metropolitan regions, Shandong, and Henan. In the seventh month of autumn, on yichou, Junior Mentor Huang Daozhou was demoted to surveillance commission assistant registrar for attacking Yang Sichang over his premature return from mourning. In the eighth month, on wuxu, as omens and disasters mounted, the emperor withdrew to ritual seclusion at Yongshou Palace and again charged his ministers to examine themselves and reform. On guichou Fu Guan retired. On wuwu judicial executions were suspended. The roving rebel Luo Rucai and others marched from Shaanzhou against Xiangyang. In the ninth month drought and famine gripped Shaanxi and Shanxi. On xinsi Great Qing forces crossed at Qiangziling; Jizhou-Liaodong grand coordinator and vice minister of war Wu Aheng was killed. On guiwei the capital was placed under martial law. In the tenth month of winter, on guisi, Lu Xiangsheng marched in with reinforcements and was received in audience at the Hall of Martial Eminence. On jiawu the court requisitioned horses for war. Lu Xiangsheng and Gao Qiqian were given joint charge of the relief armies. That month Hong Chengchou and Cao Bianjiao routed the rebels on the southern plain at Tong Pass, and Li Zicheng fled with only a handful of horsemen. In the eleventh month, on wuchen, Great Qing forces took Gaoyang, and retired grand secretary Sun Chengzong was killed. On wuzi Lu Xiangsheng was removed from command but ordered to redeem himself through service. Liu Yuliang volunteered to take the field in person, and the court assented. That month Luo Rucai submitted. In the twelfth month, on gengzi, Fang Fengnian was dismissed from office. Lu Xiangsheng was defeated at Julu and killed. On wushen Sun Chuanting was appointed vice minister of war to direct the relief armies. Hong Chengchou was recalled to help defend the capital. That year Turfan and Ryukyu sent tribute missions.
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十二年春正月己未朔，以時事多艱，卻廷臣賀。 庚申，大清兵入濟南，德王由樞被執，布政使張秉文等死之。 戊辰，劉宇亮、孫傳庭會師十八萬于晉州，不敢進。 丁丑，改洪承疇總督薊、遼，孫傳庭總督保定、山東、河北。 二月乙未，劉宇亮罷。 大清兵北歸。 三月丙寅，出青山口。 凡深入二千里，閱五月，下畿內、山東七十餘城。 丙子，加上孝純皇太后諡，詔天下。 夏四月戊申，程國祥致仕。 是月，左良玉擊降賊首李萬慶。 五月甲子，禮部侍郎姚明恭、張四知，兵部侍郎魏照乘，俱禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。 乙丑，張獻忠叛于穀城，羅汝才等起應之，陷房縣。 乙亥，削孫傳庭籍，尋逮下獄。 六月，畿內、山東、河南、山西旱蝗。 己酉，抽練各鎮精兵，復加征練餉。 秋七月壬申，左良玉討張獻忠，敗績于羅猴山，總兵官羅岱被執死之。 熊文燦削籍，尋逮下獄。 八月癸巳，詔誅封疆失事巡撫都御史顏繼祖，總兵官倪寵、祖寬，內臣鄧希詔、孫茂霖等三十三人，俱棄市。 己亥，免唐縣等四十州縣去年田租之半。 壬子，大學士楊嗣昌督師討賊，總督以下並聽節制。 冬十月甲申朔，楊嗣昌誓師襄陽。 甲午，左良玉為平賊將軍。 丙申，《欽定保民四事全書》成，頒佈天下。 十一月辛巳，祀天於南郊。 十二月，羅汝才犯四川。 丙午，下兵部尚書傅宗龍於獄。 是年，琉球入貢。
In spring of the twelfth year, on the jiwei new moon of the first month, the emperor declined the usual New Year congratulations from his ministers, citing the nation's hard times. On gengshen Great Qing forces entered Jinan; Prince Zhu Youshu of De was taken prisoner, and administrative commissioner Zhang Bingwen and others were killed. On wuchen Liu Yuliang and Sun Chuanting assembled one hundred eighty thousand men at Jinzhou but dared not move forward. On dingchou Hong Chengchou was reassigned as grand coordinator of Ji and Liao, and Sun Chuanting as grand coordinator of Baoding, Shandong, and Hebei. In the second month, on yiwei, Liu Yuliang was dismissed. The Great Qing army withdrew northward. In the third month, on bingyin, they marched out through Qingshan Pass. In all they had thrust two thousand li inland over five months and seized more than seventy cities in the metropolitan region and Shandong. On bingzi the empress dowager Xiaochun was given her full posthumous honorific, and the decree was promulgated throughout the realm. In the fourth month of summer, on wushen, Cheng Guoxiang retired. That month Zuo Liangyu attacked and forced the rebel chief Li Wanqing to submit. In the fifth month, on jiazi, Rites vice ministers Yao Minggong and Zhang Sizhi and war vice minister Wei Zhaosheng were all made ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Lodge with seats in confidential deliberations. On yichou Zhang Xianzhong rose again at Gucheng; Luo Rucai and others answered his call, and Fang County was taken. On yihai Sun Chuanting was stripped of rank; soon afterward he was arrested and imprisoned. In the sixth month drought and locusts ravaged the metropolitan region, Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi. On jiyou elite detachments were drawn from the garrisons for drill, and the training levy was imposed again. In the seventh month of autumn, on renshen, Zuo Liangyu marched against Zhang Xianzhong and was routed at Luohou Mountain; regional commander Luo Dai was captured and executed. Xiong Wencan was stripped of rank and soon imprisoned. In the eighth month, on guisi, the court decreed the execution of grand coordinator Yan Jizu and thirty-two other officials who had failed on the frontiers—including regional commanders Ni Chong and Zu Kuan and eunuchs Deng Xizhao and Sun Maolin—all of whom were put to death in the marketplace. On jihai half of the previous year's land tax was remitted in forty prefectures and counties, including Tang. On renzi Grand Secretary Yang Sichang was placed in supreme command of the campaign against the rebels, with all grand coordinators and subordinate commanders under his orders. On the jiashen new moon of the tenth month of winter Yang Sichang took command at a grand assembly in Xiangyang. On jiawu Zuo Liangyu was appointed General for Pacifying the Bandits. On bingshen the Imperially Approved Complete Book of the Four Affairs for Protecting the People was finished and promulgated throughout the realm. In the eleventh month, on xinsi, the emperor offered sacrifice to Heaven at the southern suburb. In the twelfth month Luo Rucai raided into Sichuan. On bingwu Minister of War Fu Zonglong was imprisoned. That year Ryukyu sent a tribute mission.
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十三年春閏正月乙酉，振真定饑。 戊子，振京師饑民。 癸卯，振山東饑。 二月壬子朔，祀日於東郊。 戊午，總督陝西三邊侍郎鄭崇儉大破張獻忠於太平縣之瑪瑙山，獻忠走歸州。 戊寅，以久旱求直言。 三月甲申，禱雨。 丙戌，大風霾，詔清刑獄。 戊子，罷各鎮內臣。 丙申，賜魏藻德等進士及第、出身有差。 戊戌，振畿內饑。 丁未，免河北三府逋賦。 夏四月戊午，逮江西巡撫僉都御史解學龍及所舉黃道周。 己卯，吏部尚書謝升為禮部尚書，禮部侍郎陳演以原官並兼東閣大學士，預機務。 五月，羅汝才犯夔州，石砫女官秦良玉連戰卻之。 甲申，祀地於北郊。 庚戌，姚明恭致仕。 六月辛亥朔，總兵官賀人龍等分道逐賊，敗之，羅汝才走大寧。 庚午，蔡國用卒。 辛未，薛國觀罷。 秋七月庚辰朔，畿內捕蝗。 己丑，發帑振被蝗州縣。 辛卯，左良玉及京營總兵官孫應元等大破羅汝才於興山。 汝才走巫山，與張獻忠合。 八月甲戌，振江北饑。 九月，陝西官軍圍李自成于巴西魚腹山中，自成走免。 癸巳，張獻忠陷大昌，總兵官張令戰死。 尋陷劍州、綿州。 冬十月癸丑，熊文燦棄市。 十一月，楊嗣昌進軍重慶。 丁亥，祀天於南郊。 戊子，南京地震。 十二月丁未朔，嚴軍機抄傳之禁。 辛亥，張獻忠陷瀘州。 乙卯，逮薛國觀。 是月，李自成自湖廣走河南，饑民附之，連陷宜陽、永甯，殺萬安王采崿，陷偃師，勢大熾。 是年，兩畿、山東、河南、山、陝旱蝗，人相食。
In spring of the thirteenth year, on yiyou of the intercalary first month, famine relief was issued at Zhending. On wuzi grain was distributed to starving people in the capital. On guimao famine relief was sent to Shandong. On the renzi new moon of the second month the emperor sacrificed to the sun at the eastern suburb. On wuwu Shaanxi Three Frontiers grand coordinator Zheng Chongjian routed Zhang Xianzhong at Agate Mountain in Taiping County, driving him toward Guizhou. On wuyin, after prolonged drought, the emperor called for blunt counsel. In the third month, on jiashen, the court prayed for rain. On bingxu violent winds and dust storms swept the land, and the emperor ordered a review of the prisons. On wuzi the eunuch overseers at the regional garrisons were recalled. On bingshen Wei Zaode and others received the advanced scholar and other degrees in varying ranks. On wuxu famine relief was issued in the metropolitan region. On dingwei overdue taxes in three Hebei prefectures were remitted. In the fourth month of summer, on wuwu, Jiangxi grand coordinator Xie Xuelong and Huang Daozhou, whom he had recommended, were arrested. On jimao Personnel minister Xie Sheng was moved to minister of rites, and Rites vice minister Chen Yan was retained in his post while also joining the Eastern Lodge as grand secretary with a seat in confidential deliberations. In the fifth month Luo Rucai attacked Kuizhou; Qin Liangyu, the female commander of Shizhu, fought him in repeated engagements and drove him back. On jiashen the emperor sacrificed to Earth at the northern suburb. On gengxu Yao Minggong retired. On the xinhai new moon of the sixth month regional commanders led by He Renlong pursued the rebels on several fronts, routed them, and drove Luo Rucai toward Daning. On gengwu Cai Guoyong died. On xinwei Xue Guanguan was dismissed from office. On the gengchen new moon of the seventh month locust-catching campaigns were launched across the metropolitan region. On jichou state funds were dispensed to counties and prefectures stricken by locusts. On xinmao Zuo Liangyu and capital-garrison commander Sun Yingyuan routed Luo Rucai at Xingshan. Luo Rucai retreated to Wushan and joined forces with Zhang Xianzhong. In the eighth month, on jiaxu, famine relief was sent to the region north of the Yangzi. In the ninth month Shaanxi government forces besieged Li Zicheng in Fish-Belly Mountain in Ba county, but Zicheng broke out and escaped. On guisi Zhang Xianzhong took Dachang; regional commander Zhang Ling was killed in the fighting. He soon overran Jianzhou and Mianzhou as well. In the tenth month of winter, on guichou, Xiong Wencan was put to death in the marketplace. In the eleventh month Yang Sichang marched his army into Chongqing. On dinghai the emperor offered sacrifice to Heaven at the southern suburb. On wuzi Nanjing was struck by an earthquake. On the dingwei new moon of the twelfth month the court tightened the ban on unauthorized copying or transmission of military dispatches. On xinhai Zhang Xianzhong took Luzhou. On yimao Xue Guanguan was arrested. That month Li Zicheng marched from Huguang into Henan, swelling his ranks with starving refugees; he seized Yiyang and Yongning in succession, killed Prince Zhu Cairuo of Wan'an, overran Yanshi, and his power surged. That year drought and locusts struck the Two Capitals, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, and people resorted to cannibalism.
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十四年春正月辛巳，祈穀於南郊。 己丑，總兵官猛如虎追張獻忠及於開縣之黃陵城，敗績，參將劉士傑等戰死，賊遂東下。 丙申，李自成陷河南，福王常洵遇害，前兵部尚書呂維祺等死之。 二月己酉，詔以時事多艱，災異疊見，痛自刻責，停今歲行刑，諸犯俱減等論。 庚戌，張獻忠陷襄陽，襄王翊銘、貴陽王常法並遇害，副使張克儉等死之。 戊午，李自成攻開封，周王恭枵、巡按御史高名衡拒卻之。 乙丑，張獻忠陷光州。 己巳，召閣臣、九卿、科道于乾清宮左室。 命駙馬都尉冉興讓等齎帑金振恤河南被難宗室。 三月丙子朔，楊嗣昌自四川還，至荊州卒。 乙酉，禱雨。 丙申，洪承疇會八鎮兵于寧遠。 丁酉，逮鄭崇儉下獄，尋棄市。 夏四月壬子，大清兵攻錦州，祖大壽拒守。 己未，總督三邊侍郎丁啟睿為兵部尚書，督師討賊。 五月庚辰，範復粹致仕。 釋傅宗龍於獄，命為兵部侍郎，總督陝西三邊軍務，討李自成。 戊子，祀地於北郊。 六月，兩畿、山東、河南、浙江、湖廣旱蝗，山東寇起。 秋七月己卯，李自成攻鄧州，楊文岳、總兵官虎大威擊敗之。 壬寅，洪承疇援錦州，駐師松山。 是月，臨清運河涸。 京師大疫。 八月乙巳，援兵戰于松山，陽和總兵官楊國柱敗沒。 辛亥，賜薛國觀死。 辛酉，重建太學成，釋奠于先師孔子。 甲子，總兵官吳三桂、王樸自松山遁，諸軍夜潰。 是月，左良玉大敗張獻忠於信陽。 九月丁丑，傅宗龍帥師次新蔡，與總督保定侍郎楊文岳軍會。 己卯，遇賊，賀人龍師潰，宗龍被圍，文岳走陳州。 甲申，周延儒、賀逢聖復入閣。 辛卯，封皇子慈炯為定王。 壬辰，傅宗龍潰圍出，趨項城，被執死之。 賊屠項城及商水、扶溝。 戊戌，李自成、羅汝才陷葉縣，守將劉國能死之。 是月，官軍破張獻忠於英山之望雲寨。 冬十月癸卯朔，日有食之。 十一月丙子，李自成陷南陽，唐王聿鏌遇害，總兵官猛如虎等死之。 十二月，李自成連陷洧川、許州、長葛、鄢陵。 甲子，戍解學龍、黃道周。 李自成、羅汝才合攻開封，周王恭枵、巡撫都御史高名衡拒守。
In the spring of the fourteenth year, first month, on xinsi, the court offered prayer for grain at the Southern Suburb. On jichou regional commander Meng Ruhu pursued Zhang Xianzhong to Huanglingcheng in Kaizhou, was defeated, and vice commander Liu Shijie and others were killed; the rebels then drove eastward. On bingshen Li Zicheng captured Henan; Prince Fu Changxun was killed, and former minister of war Lü Weiqi and others died with him. In the second month, on jiyou, citing hard times and repeated portents, the emperor issued an edict of stern self-reproach, suspended executions for the year, and reduced all criminal sentences by one degree. On gengxu Zhang Xianzhong captured Xiangyang; princes Xiang Yiming and Guiyang Changfa were both killed, and vice commissioner Zhang Kexian and others died defending the city. On wuwu Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng, but Prince Zhou Gonggong and investigating censor Gao Mingheng drove him back. On yichou Zhang Xianzhong captured Guangzhou. On jisi the emperor summoned the grand secretaries, the Nine Ministers, and the censors to the left chamber of Qianqing Palace. The emperor ordered chief commandant of the imperial son-in-law Ran Xingrang and others to carry treasury silver to relieve the Henan princes of the imperial clan who had suffered in the disaster. On the bingzi new moon of the third month Yang Sichang returned from Sichuan and died at Jingzhou. On yiyou the court offered prayer for rain. On bingshen Hong Chengchou assembled the armies of eight garrisons at Ningyuan. On dingyou Zheng Chongqian was arrested and imprisoned; soon afterward he was executed in public. In the fourth month of summer, on renzi, Great Qing forces attacked Jinzhou, and Zu Dashou held the defense. On jiwei Ding Qirui, grand coordinator of the Three Frontiers and vice minister of war, was appointed minister of war and supreme commander to campaign against the rebels. In the fifth month, on gengchen, Fan Fucui retired from office. Fu Zonglong was released from prison, appointed vice minister of war, and given overall command of Shaanxi Three Frontiers military affairs to campaign against Li Zicheng. On wuzi the court offered sacrifice to Earth at the Northern Suburb. In the sixth month drought and locusts afflicted the Two Capitals, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, and Huguang, and bandits rose in Shandong. In the seventh month of autumn, on jimao, Li Zicheng attacked Dengzhou, but Yang Wenyue and regional commander Hu Dawei defeated him. On renyin Hong Chengchou marched to relieve Jinzhou and encamped at Songshan. That month the Grand Canal at Linqing ran dry. A great plague broke out in the capital. In the eighth month, on yisi, relief troops fought at Songshan; Yang Guozhu, regional commander of Yanghe, was defeated and killed. On xinhai Xue Guanguan was ordered to take his own life. On xinyou reconstruction of the Imperial Academy was completed, and a libation sacrifice was offered to Confucius the First Teacher. On jiazi regional commanders Wu Sangui and Wang Pu fled from Songshan, and the armies broke and fled in the night. That month Zuo Liangyu routed Zhang Xianzhong in a great victory at Xinyang. In the ninth month, on dingchou, Fu Zonglong led his army to Xincai and joined forces with Yang Wenyue, grand coordinator of Baoding and vice minister. On jimao they encountered the rebels; He Renlong's division broke and fled, Zonglong was surrounded, and Wenyue withdrew to Chenzhou. On jiashen Zhou Yanru and He Fengsheng returned to the Grand Council. On xinmao the prince Cijiong was enfeoffed as Prince Ding. On renchen Fu Zonglong broke out of the encirclement and hurried toward Xiangcheng, but was captured and killed. The rebels massacred the populations of Xiangcheng, Shangshui, and Fugou. On wuxu Li Zicheng and Luo Rucai captured Yexian; defending general Liu Guoneng was killed. That month government troops defeated Zhang Xianzhong at Wangyunzhai in Yingshan. On the guimao new moon of the tenth month of winter there was a solar eclipse. In the eleventh month, on bingzi, Li Zicheng captured Nanyang; Prince Tang Yulang was killed, and regional commander Meng Ruhu and others died in the fighting. In the twelfth month Li Zicheng captured Weichuan, Xuzhou, Changge, and Yanling in succession. On jiazi Xie Xuelong and Huang Daozhou were released from exile. Li Zicheng and Luo Rucai jointly besieged Kaifeng; Prince Zhou Gonggong and grand coordinator Gao Mingheng held the defense.
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十五年春正月癸未，孫傳庭為兵部侍郎，督京軍救開封。 乙酉，楊文嶽援開封，賊解去，南陷西華。 戊子，免天下十二年以前逋賦。 是月，山東賊陷張秋、東平，劫漕艘。 太監王裕民、劉元斌帥禁兵會兗東官軍討平之。 二月戊申，振山東就撫亂民。 癸丑，總督陝西都御史汪喬年次襄城，遇賊，賀人龍等奔入關，喬年被圍。 丁巳，城陷，被執死之。 戊午，大清兵克松山，洪承疇降，巡撫都御史丘民仰，總兵官曹變蛟、王廷臣，副總兵江翥、饒勳等死之。 是月，孫傳庭總督三邊軍務。 三月，李自成陷陳州。 丁丑，魏照乘致仕。 己卯，祖大壽以錦州降於大清。 辛卯，李自成陷睢州、太康、寧陵、考城。 壬辰，封皇子慈炤為永王。 丙申，李自成陷歸德。 是春，江北賊陷含山、和州，南京戒嚴。 夏四月癸亥，李自成復圍開封。 乙丑，削謝升籍。 五月己巳，孫傳庭入關，誅賀人龍。 甲戌，張獻忠陷廬州。 丁亥，王樸棄市。 六月戊申，賀逢聖致仕。 癸丑，張四知致仕。 甲寅，詔天下停刑三年。 己未，詹事蔣德璟、黃景昉，戎政侍郎吳甡，俱禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。 庚申，詔孫傳庭出關。 兵部侍郎侯恂督左良玉軍援開封。 壬戌，以會推閣臣下吏部尚書李日宣六人於獄，謫戍有差。 甲子，祀地於北郊。 是月，築壇親祭死事文武大臣。 山西總兵官許定國援開封，潰于沁水，甯武兵潰于覃懷。 秋七月己巳，左良玉、虎大威、楊德政、方國安四鎮兵潰於硃仙鎮。 八月庚戌，安慶兵變，殺都指揮徐良憲，官軍討定之。 乙丑，釋黃道周於戍所，復其官。 丁卯，兵部尚書陳新甲下獄，尋棄市。 九月壬午，賊決河灌開封。 癸未，城圮，士民溺死者數十萬人。 己丑，孫傳庭帥師赴河南。 辛卯，鳳陽總兵官黃得功、劉良佐大敗張獻忠於潛山。 冬十月辛酉，孫傳庭敗績於郟縣，走入關。 十一月丁卯，援汴總兵官劉超據永城反。 庚午，發帑振開封被難宗室兵民。 壬申，大清兵分道入塞，京師戒嚴。 命勳臣分守九門，太監王承恩督察城守。 詔舉堪督師大將者。 戊寅，征諸鎮入援。 庚辰，大清兵克薊州。 丁亥，薊鎮總督趙光抃提調援兵。 戊子，張獻忠陷無為。 己丑，遼東督師侍郎范志完入援。 閏月癸卯，下詔罪己，求直言。 壬寅，大清兵南下，畿南郡邑多不守。 丁巳，起廢將。 是月，李自成陷汝甯，前總督侍郎楊文岳、僉事王世琮不屈死。 十二月，大清兵趨曹、濮，山東州縣相繼下，魯王以派自殺。 己巳，李自成陷襄陽，據之。 左良玉奔承天，尋走武昌。 賊分兵下德安、彝陵、荊門，遂陷荊州。 癸巳，焚獻陵。
In the spring of the fifteenth year, first month, on guimao, Sun Chuanting was appointed vice minister of war and ordered to lead the capital army to relieve Kaifeng. On yiyou Yang Wenyue relieved Kaifeng; the rebels lifted the siege and marched south to capture Xihua. On wuzi tax arrears dating from more than twelve years back were remitted throughout the realm. That month Shandong bandits captured Zhangqiu and Dongping and plundered grain transport vessels on the canal. Eunuchs Wang Yumin and Liu Yuanbin led palace troops to join government forces in eastern Shandong and pacified the rebels. In the second month, on wushen, relief was extended to the pacified rebels of Shandong. On guichou Wang Qiaonian, grand coordinator of Shaanxi, reached Xiangcheng and encountered the rebels; He Renlong and others fled back through the passes, and Qiaonian was surrounded. On dingsi the city fell; he was captured and killed. On wuwu Great Qing forces captured Songshan; Hong Chengchou surrendered, while grand coordinator Qiu Minyang, regional commanders Cao Bianjiao and Wang Tingchen, and vice commanders Jiang Zhu and Rao Xun and others were killed. That month Sun Chuanting was given overall command of Three Frontiers military affairs. In the third month Li Zicheng captured Chenzhou. On dingchou Wei Zhaosheng retired from office. On jimao Zu Dashou surrendered Jinzhou to the Great Qing. On xinmao Li Zicheng captured Suizhou, Taikang, Ningling, and Kaocheng. On renchen the prince Cizhao was enfeoffed as Prince Yong. On bingshen Li Zicheng captured Guide. That spring bandits in Jiangbei captured Hanshan and Hezhou, and Nanjing was placed under martial alert. In the fourth month of summer, on guihai, Li Zicheng again besieged Kaifeng. On yichou Xie Sheng was struck from the official rolls. In the fifth month, on jisi, Sun Chuanting entered the passes and executed He Renlong. On jiaxu Zhang Xianzhong captured Luzhou. On dinghai Wang Pu was executed in public. In the sixth month, on wushen, He Fengsheng retired from office. On guichou Zhang Sizhi retired from office. On jiayin an edict ordered a three-year suspension of executions throughout the realm. On jiwei supervisors of the heir apparent Jiang Dejing and Huang Jingfang, together with vice minister for military administration Wu Shen, were all appointed ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Lodge with seats in state deliberations. On gengshen an edict ordered Sun Chuanting to march out of the passes. Vice minister of war Hou Xun took command of Zuo Liangyu's army to relieve Kaifeng. On renxu, over the collective recommendation for grand secretary, minister of personnel Li Rixuan and six others were imprisoned and banished in varying degrees. On jiazi the court offered sacrifice to Earth at the Northern Suburb. That month an altar was built for the emperor to sacrifice in person to civil and military officials who had died in service. Shanxi regional commander Xu Dingguo marched to relieve Kaifeng but was routed at Qinshui, and Ningwu troops were routed at Tanhuai. In the seventh month of autumn, on jisi, the armies of four garrisons under Zuo Liangyu, Hu Dawei, Yang Dezheng, and Fang Guo'an were routed at Zhuxian Town. In the eighth month, on gengxu, troops at Anqing mutinied and killed commander Xu Liangxian; government forces then pacified the mutiny. On yichou Huang Daozhou was released from exile and restored to office. On dingmao minister of war Chen Xinjin was imprisoned; soon afterward he was executed in public. In the ninth month, on renwu, the rebels breached the Yellow River to flood Kaifeng. On guimao the city walls collapsed, and several hundred thousand soldiers and civilians drowned. On jichou Sun Chuanting led his army toward Henan. On xinmao Fengyang regional commanders Huang Degong and Liu Liangzuo routed Zhang Xianzhong in a great victory at Qianshan. In the tenth month of winter, on xinyou, Sun Chuanting was defeated at Yexian and fled back into the passes. In the eleventh month, on dingmao, Liu Chao, the regional commander sent to relieve Bian, seized Yongcheng and rebelled. On gengwu treasury funds were issued to relieve the princes of the imperial clan, troops, and civilians who had suffered at Kaifeng. On renshen Great Qing forces crossed the frontier by several routes, and the capital was placed under martial alert. Titled nobles were ordered to hold the Nine Gates in separate posts, and eunuch Wang Chengen supervised the defense of the city. An edict called for recommendations of men fit to serve as supreme commander and great general. On wuyin levies were ordered from the various garrisons to march to the relief of the capital. On gengchen Great Qing forces captured Jizhou. On dinghai Zhao Guangbian, grand coordinator of Ji, took command of the relief troops. On wuzi Zhang Xianzhong captured Wuwei. On jichou Fan Zhiwan, supervisor-general of Liaodong, marched in with relief forces. In the intercalary month, on guimao, the emperor issued an edict blaming himself and calling for forthright counsel. On renyin Great Qing forces marched south, and many commanderies and counties south of the capital region fell one after another. On dingsi dismissed generals were reappointed to service. That month Li Zicheng captured Runing; former grand coordinator Yang Wenyue and commissioner Wang Shizong refused to submit and were killed. In the twelfth month Great Qing forces advanced toward Cao and Pu; Shandong prefectures and counties fell in succession, and Prince Lu killed himself together with his household. On jisi Li Zicheng captured Xiangyang and held it. Zuo Liangyu fled to Chengtian and soon afterward withdrew to Wuchang. The rebels split their forces to strike Dean, Yiling, and Jingmen, then captured Jingzhou. On guisi the Xian Mausoleum was burned.
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十六年春正月丁酉，李自成陷承天，巡撫都御史宋一鶴、留守沈壽崇等死之。 庚申，張獻忠陷蘄州。 二月乙丑朔，日有食之。 己巳，範志完、趙光抃會師于平原。 三月庚子，李自成殺羅汝才，並其眾。 壬寅，命大學士吳甡督師討賊。 丁未，賊陷武岡，殺岷王企昪。 張獻忠陷黃州。 夏四月丁卯，周延儒自請督師，許之。 辛卯，大清兵北歸，戰於螺山，總兵官張登科、和應薦敗沒，八鎮兵皆潰。 是月，劉超平。 五月癸巳朔，張獻忠陷漢陽。 壬寅，周延儒還京師。 丙午，修撰魏藻德為少詹事兼東閣大學士，預機務。 戊申，吳甡罷。 丁巳，周延儒罷。 壬戌，張獻忠陷武昌，沈楚王華奎于江，在籍大學士賀逢聖等死之。 六月癸亥，詔免直省殘破州縣三餉及一切常賦二年。 己卯，逮範志完下獄。 丙戌，雷震奉先殿獸吻，敕修省。 秋七月丁酉，親鞫范志完于中左門。 乙卯，親鞫前文選郎中吳昌時于中左門，征周延儒聽勘。 己未，戒廷臣私謁閣臣。 京師自二月至於是月大疫，詔釋輕犯，發帑療治，瘞五城暴骸。 八月壬戌朔，左良玉復武昌、漢陽。 丙寅，張獻忠陷岳州。 丙戌，陷長沙。 庚寅，陷衡州。 九月丙申，張獻忠陷寶慶。 己亥，黃景昉致仕。 辛丑，孫傳庭復寶豐，進次郟縣，李自成迎戰，擊敗之。 庚戌，張獻忠陷永州，巡按御史劉熙祚死之。 辛亥，賜楊廷鑒等進士及第、出身有差。 壬子，孫傳庭兵以乏食引退，賊追及之，還戰大敗，傳庭以餘眾退保潼關。 是月，鳳陽地屢震。 冬十月辛酉朔，享太廟。 丙寅，李自成陷潼關，督師尚書孫傳庭死之。 賊連陷華州、渭南、臨潼。 命有司以贖鍰充餉。 戊辰，李自成屠商州。 庚午，張獻忠陷常德。 壬申，李自成陷西安，秦王存樞降，巡撫都御史馮師孔、按察使黃絅等死之。 丁丑，張獻忠陷吉安。 十一月甲午，李自成陷延安，尋屠鳳翔。 壬寅，祀天於南郊。 辛亥，吏部侍郎李建泰、副都御史方岳貢並兼東閣大學士，預機務。 癸丑，範志完、趙光抃棄市，戍吳甡于金齒。 丁巳，李自成陷榆林，兵備副使都任、在籍總兵官尤世威等死之。 寧夏、慶陽相繼陷，韓王亶塉被執。 十二月壬戌，張獻忠陷建昌。 乙丑，周延儒有罪賜死。 丁卯，張獻忠陷撫州。 辛巳，賊渡河，陷平陽，山西州縣相繼潰降。 甲申，賊陷甘州，巡撫都御史林日瑞、總兵官馬爌等死之。 丙戌，左良玉復長沙。 是年，暹羅，琉球、哈密入貢。 十七年春正月庚寅朔，大風霾，鳳陽地震。 庚子，李建泰自請措餉治兵討賊，許之。 乙卯，幸正陽門樓，餞李建泰出師。 南京地震。 丙辰，工部尚書范景文、禮部侍郎丘瑜並兼東閣大學士，預機務。 是月，張獻忠入四川。 二月辛酉，李自成陷汾州，別賊陷懷慶。 丙寅，陷太原，執晉王求桂，巡撫都御史蔡懋德等死之。 壬申，下詔罪己。 癸酉，潞安陷。 乙亥，議京師城守。 李自成攻代州，總兵官周遇吉力戰，食盡，退守甯武關。 丁丑，賊別將陷固關，犯畿南。 己卯，遣內臣高起潛、杜勳等十人監視諸邊及近畿要害。 壬午，真定知府丘茂華殺總督侍郎徐標，檄所屬降賊。 甲申，賊至彰德，趙王常㳛降。 丁亥，詔天下勤王。 命廷臣上戰守事宜。 左都御史李邦華、右庶子李明睿請南遷及太子撫軍江南，皆不許。 戊子，陳演致仕。 李自成陷甯武，周遇吉力戰死之。 三月庚寅，賊至大同，總兵官姜瑰降賊，代王傳㸄遇害，巡撫都御史衛景瑗被執，自縊死。 辛卯，李建泰疏請南遷。 壬辰，召廷臣於平臺，示建泰疏，曰：「國君死社稷，朕將焉往？」 李邦華等復請太子撫軍南京，不聽。 蔣德璟致仕。 癸巳，封總兵官吳三桂、左良玉、唐通、黃得功俱為伯。 甲午，征諸鎮兵入援。 乙未，總兵官唐通入衛，命偕內臣杜之秩守居庸關。 戊戌，太監王承恩提督城守。 己亥，李自成至宣府，監視太監杜勳降，巡撫都御史硃之馮等死之。 癸卯，唐通、杜之秩降于自成，賊遂入關。 甲辰，陷昌平。 乙巳，賊犯京師，京營兵潰。 丙午，日晡，外城陷。 是夕，皇后周氏崩。 丁未，昧爽，內城陷。 帝崩于萬歲山，王承恩從死。 御書衣襟曰：「朕涼德藐躬，上干天咎，然皆諸臣誤朕。 朕死無面目見祖宗，自去冠冕，以發覆面。 任賊分裂，無傷百姓一人。」 自大學士范景文而下死者數十人。 丙辰，賊遷帝、後梓宮於昌平。 昌平人啟田貴妃墓以葬。 明亡。 是年夏四月，我大清兵破賊於山海關，五月，入京師，以帝體改葬，令臣民為服喪三日，諡曰莊烈湣皇帝，陵曰思陵。
In Chongzhen sixteen, in the first month of spring, on dingyou, Li Zicheng captured Chengtian; grand coordinator Song Yihe, garrison commander Shen Shoucong, and others were killed. On gengshen Zhang Xianzhong captured Qizhou. On the yichou new moon of the second month there was a solar eclipse. On jisi Fan Zhiwan and Zhao Guangbiao joined forces at Pingyuan. In the third month, on gengzi, Li Zicheng killed Luo Rucai and absorbed his following. On renyin Grand Secretary Wu Lin was ordered to take supreme command against the rebels. On dingwei the rebels captured Wugang and killed Prince Min, Qi Bian. Zhang Xianzhong captured Huangzhou. In the fourth month of summer, on dingmao, Zhou Yanru volunteered to take supreme command, and the court assented. On xinmao Great Qing forces marched north; at Luoshan regional commanders Zhang Dengke and He Yingjian were defeated and killed, and the armies of the eight garrisons all fled in rout. That month Liu Chao was suppressed. On the guisi new moon of the fifth month Zhang Xianzhong captured Hanyang. On renyin Zhou Yanru returned to the capital. On bingwu Hanlin academician Wei Zaode was made junior mentor and concurrently grand secretary of the Eastern Pavilion with a seat in confidential state affairs. On wushen Wu Lin was dismissed. On dingsi Zhou Yanru was dismissed. On renxu Zhang Xianzhong captured Wuchang, drowned Prince Chu Hua Kui in the Yangzi, and retired grand secretary He Fengsheng and others were killed. In the sixth month, on guihai, an edict remitted the three levies and all regular taxes for two years in the ravaged prefectures and counties of the metropolitan provinces. On jimao Fan Zhiwan was arrested and imprisoned. On bingxu lightning struck the beast finials of the Hall of Imperial Ancestors, and the emperor ordered repentance and reform. In the seventh month of autumn, on dingyou, the emperor personally tried Fan Zhiwan at the Central Left Gate. On yimao the emperor personally tried former director of personnel Wu Changshi at the Central Left Gate and summoned Zhou Yanru to stand trial. On jiwei the court forbade ministers to pay private visits to grand secretaries. From the second month until this month a great plague raged in the capital; the court released minor offenders, disbursed treasury funds for treatment, and buried the unburied dead of the five wards. On the renxu new moon of the eighth month Zuo Liangyu recovered Wuchang and Hanyang. On bingyin Zhang Xianzhong captured Yuezhou. On bingxu he captured Changsha. On gengyin he captured Hengzhou. In the ninth month, on bingshen, Zhang Xianzhong captured Baozing. On jihai Huang Jingfang retired from office. On xinchou Sun Chuanting recovered Baofeng, advanced to Jia County, and when Li Zicheng came out to fight, routed him. On gengxu Zhang Xianzhong captured Yongzhou; touring censor Liu Xizuo was killed. On xinhai Yang Tingjian and others received jinshi titles, palace degrees, and ranks according to merit. On renzi Sun Chuanting's army, short of provisions, withdrew; the rebels overtook them, fought again, and inflicted a crushing defeat; Chuanting fell back with the remnant to hold Tong Pass. That month Fengyang was shaken repeatedly by earthquakes. On the xinyou new moon of the tenth month of winter the imperial ancestors were honored at the Grand Temple. On bingyin Li Zicheng captured Tong Pass; supreme commander Sun Chuanting was killed. The rebels in succession captured Huazhou, Weinan, and Lintong. Officials were ordered to apply redemption fines to military pay. On wuchen Li Zicheng massacred Shangzhou. On gengwu Zhang Xianzhong captured Changde. On renshen Li Zicheng captured Xi'an; Prince Qin Cun Shu surrendered; grand coordinator Feng Shikong, surveillance commissioner Huang Jiong, and others were killed. On dingchou Zhang Xianzhong captured Ji'an. In the eleventh month, on jiawu, Li Zicheng captured Yan'an and soon after massacred Fengxiang. On renyin the court sacrificed to Heaven at the Southern Suburb. On xinhai Vice Minister of Personnel Li Jiantai and Vice Censor-in-Chief Fang Yuegong were both made grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion with seats in confidential state affairs. On guichou Fan Zhiwan and Zhao Guangbiao were executed in the marketplace; Wu Lin was exiled to Jinchi. On dingsi Li Zicheng captured Yulin; military vice commissioner Du Ren, retired regional commander You Shiwei, and others were killed. Ningxia and Qingyang fell in turn; Prince Han Tan Ji was taken captive. In the twelfth month, on renxu, Zhang Xianzhong captured Jianchang. On yichou Zhou Yanru, found guilty, was granted death. On dingmao Zhang Xianzhong captured Fuzhou. On xinsi the rebels crossed the Yellow River, captured Pingyang, and Shanxi prefectures and counties collapsed and surrendered one after another. On jiashen the rebels captured Ganzhou; grand coordinator Lin Rirui, regional commander Ma Kuang, and others were killed. On bingxu Zuo Liangyu recovered Changsha. That year Siam, Ryukyu, and Hami presented tribute. In Chongzhen seventeen, on the gengyin new moon of the first month of spring, fierce wind and haze arose and Fengyang was shaken by earthquake. On gengzi Li Jiantai volunteered to raise funds, train troops, and campaign against the rebels; the court assented. On yimao the emperor went to the Zhengyang Gate tower to see Li Jiantai off to the field. Nanjing was shaken by earthquake. On bingchen Minister of Works Fan Jingwen and Vice Minister of Rites Qiu Yu were both made grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion with seats in confidential state affairs. That month Zhang Xianzhong entered Sichuan. In the second month, on xinyou, Li Zicheng captured Fenzhou; a separate rebel column captured Huaiqing. On bingyin he captured Taiyuan, seized Prince Jin Qiu Gui, and grand coordinator Cai Maode and others were killed. On renshen the emperor issued an edict confessing his faults. On guiyou Lu'an fell. On yihai the court debated the defense of the capital. Li Zicheng attacked Daizhou; regional commander Zhou Yuji fought fiercely, and when provisions ran out he fell back to hold Ningwu Pass. On dingchou a separate rebel column captured Gu Pass and raided south of the capital region. On jimao ten inner eunuchs including Gao Qiqian and Du Xun were dispatched to supervise the frontier garrisons and key points near the capital. On renwu Zhending prefect Qiu Maohua killed Governor Xu Biao and ordered his subordinates to surrender to the rebels. On jiashen the rebels reached Zhangde; Prince Zhao Chang Ruan surrendered. On dinghai an edict called the realm to rush to the emperor's aid. The court ordered ministers to submit plans for war and defense. Left censor-in-chief Li Banghua and right sub-reader Li Mingrui urged removal to the south and that the crown prince take command in Jiangnan; both requests were refused. On wuzi Chen Yan retired from office. Li Zicheng captured Ningwu; Zhou Yuji fought fiercely and was killed. In the third month, on gengyin, the rebels reached Datong; regional commander Jiang Kui surrendered; Prince Dai Chuan Ji was killed; grand coordinator Wei Jingyuan was seized and hanged himself. On xinmao Li Jiantai memorialized requesting removal to the south. On renchen the court was summoned to the terrace platform; Jiantai's memorial was read aloud, and the emperor said: "The ruler of a state dies for the altars of soil and grain — whither shall I go?" Li Banghua and others again urged that the crown prince take command at Nanjing; the emperor would not listen. Jiang Dejing retired from office. On guisi regional commanders Wu Sangui, Zuo Liangyu, Tang Tong, and Huang Degong were all enfeoffed as earls. On jiawu troops of the various garrisons were summoned to reinforce the capital. On yiwei regional commander Tang Tong entered to defend the capital; he was ordered to guard Juyong Pass together with eunuch Du Zhijie. On wuxu eunuch Wang Chen'en was put in charge of the capital defense. On jihai Li Zicheng reached Xuanfu; supervising eunuch Du Xun surrendered; grand coordinator Zhu Zhifeng and others were killed. On guimao Tang Tong and Du Zhijie surrendered to Zicheng; the rebels then entered the passes. On jiachen Changping fell. On yisi the rebels attacked the capital; capital garrison troops broke. On bingwu, at sunset, the outer city fell. That evening Empress Zhou died. On dingwei, at dawn, the inner city fell. The emperor died on Wansui Hill; Wang Chen'en followed him in death. He wrote on his collar: "My meager virtue and slight person have offended Heaven, yet it is all my ministers who have misled me. At death I have no face to meet my ancestors; I therefore remove my crown and cover my face with my hair. Let the rebels dismember me as they will — do not harm a single one of my people. From Grand Secretary Fan Jingwen downward, several tens were killed. On bingchen the rebels moved the imperial coffins of the Emperor and Empress to Changping. The people of Changping opened Consort Tian's tomb to receive them. The Ming dynasty fell. That summer, in the fourth month, our Great Qing armies broke the rebels at Shanhai Pass; in the fifth month they entered the capital, gave the Emperor a proper reburial, ordered officials and commoners to mourn for three days, posthumously titled him Emperor Zhuanglie Min, and named his tomb Siling.
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贊曰：帝承神、熹之後，慨然有為。 即位之初，沈機獨斷，刈除奸逆，天下想望治平。 惜乎大勢已傾，積習難挽。 在廷則門戶糾紛。 疆埸則將驕卒惰。 兵荒四告，流寇蔓延。 遂至潰爛而莫可救，可謂不幸也已。 然在位十有七年，不邇聲色，憂勸惕勵，殫心治理。 臨朝浩歎，慨然思得非常之材，而用匪其人，益以僨事。 乃復信任宦官，布列要地，舉措失當，制置乖方。 祚訖運移，身罹禍變，豈非氣數使然哉。 迨至大命有歸，妖氛盡掃，而帝得加諡建陵，典禮優厚。 是則聖朝盛德，度越千古，亦可以知帝之蒙難而不辱其身，為亡國之義烈矣。
Appraisal: The Emperor came to the throne after Shenzong and Xizong, and was stirred to bold action. Early in his reign he thought deeply and ruled on his own, swept away traitors and the wicked, and the realm looked to him for peace. Alas, the great tide had already turned, and long-standing abuses could not be undone. At court, partisan factions wrangled without end. On the frontiers, generals grew arrogant and soldiers grew slack. War and famine were reported from every quarter, and roving rebels spread everywhere. Thus the state rotted to collapse beyond saving—a misfortune, indeed. Yet through seventeen years on the throne he kept clear of pleasure, drove himself with anxious vigilance, and gave his whole heart to rule. At court he sighed aloud, yearning for extraordinary men, yet raised the unworthy to office—and so only piled failure upon failure. Then he trusted eunuchs again, posted them to vital posts, and with every move misjudged and every plan awry. When his mandate ran out and fortune turned, he himself met disaster—was this not Heaven's decree? When at last the Mandate had found its lord and the evil air was swept away, the Emperor was given a posthumous title and a tomb, with rites accorded in full generosity. In this the sage dynasty's virtue shines beyond all ages; and one may see that though the Emperor suffered calamity, he did not dishonor himself—he stands as the righteous martyr of a fallen realm.