Volume 23 Annals 23: Emperor Zhuanglie 1

莊烈帝一

Annals of Emperor Zhuanglie, Part One.

莊烈湣皇帝，諱由檢，光宗第五子也，萬曆三十八年十二月生。母賢妃劉氏，早薨。天啟二年，封信王。六年十一月，出居信邸。

Emperor Zhuanglie—honored in death with the epithet Min—was named Zhu Youjian, Guangzong's fifth son, born in the twelfth month of Wanli thirty-eight. His mother, Virtuous Consort Liu, died while he was still young. In the second year of the Tianqi reign he was enfeoffed as Prince of Xin. In the eleventh month of Tianqi six he left the palace to live at the Prince of Xin's residence.

明年八月，熹宗疾大漸，召王入，受遺命。丁巳，即皇帝位。大赦天下，以明年為崇禎元年。九月甲申，追諡生母賢妃曰孝純皇后。丁亥，停刑。庚寅，冊妃周氏為皇后。冬十月甲午朔，享太廟。癸丑，南京地震。十一月甲子，安置魏忠賢于鳳陽。戊辰，撤各邊鎮守內臣。己巳，魏忠賢縊死。癸酉，免天啟時逮死諸臣贓，釋其家屬。癸巳，黃立極致仕。十二月，前南京吏部侍郎錢龍錫、禮部侍郎李標、禮部尚書來宗道、吏部侍郎楊景辰、禮部侍郎周道登、少詹事劉鴻訓俱禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。魏良卿、客氏子侯國興俱伏誅。

In the eighth month of the following year, as Emperor Xizong's illness turned critical, the prince was summoned to court to receive the deathbed testament. On dingsi he ascended the throne. He proclaimed amnesty throughout the realm and declared the following year Chongzhen one. In the ninth month, on jiashen, his birth mother Virtuous Consort Liu was posthumously honored as Empress Xiaochun. On dinghai judicial executions were suspended. On gengyin Consort Zhou was invested as empress. In the tenth month of winter, on the new moon jiawu, the emperor sacrificed to the imperial ancestors at the Grand Temple. On guichou Nanjing was struck by an earthquake. In the eleventh month, on jiazi, Wei Zhongxian was banished to confinement at Fengyang. On wuchen the eunuch overseers stationed on the frontier circuits were recalled. On jisi Wei Zhongxian hanged himself. On youyou the court remitted the restitution levied on officials put to death in the Tianqi reign and freed their families. On guisi Huang Liji retired from office. In the twelfth month former Nanjing vice minister of personnel Qian Longxi, vice ministers of rites Li Biao and Zhou Daodeng, minister of rites Lai Zongdao, vice minister of personnel Yang Jingchen, and junior mentor Liu Hongxun were all appointed ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion with a seat in confidential deliberations. Wei Liangqing and Ke Shi's son Hou Guoxing were both put to death.

崇禎元年春正月辛巳，詔內臣非奉命不得出禁門。壬午，尊熹宗后為懿安皇后。丙戌，戮魏忠賢及其黨崔呈秀屍。二月乙未，禁章奏冗蔓。癸丑，禦經筵。丁巳，戒廷臣交結內侍。三月己巳，葬悊皇帝于德陵。癸未，施鳳來、張瑞圖致仕。乙酉，贈恤冤陷諸臣。夏四月癸巳，賜劉若宰等進士及第、出身有差。甲午，袁崇煥為兵部尚書，督師薊、遼。庚戌，指揮卓銘請開礦，不許。五月己巳，李國普致仕。庚午，毀《三朝要典》。甲戌，裁各部添注官，辛巳，禱雨。乙酉，復外吏久任及舉保連坐之法，禁有司私派。六月，削魏忠賢党馮銓、魏廣微籍。壬寅，許顯純伏誅。壬子，來宗道、楊景辰致仕。秋七月癸酉，召對廷臣及袁崇煥於平臺。壬午，浙江風雨，海溢，漂沒數萬人。癸未，海寇鄭芝龍降。甲申，寧遠兵變，巡撫都御史畢自肅自殺。八月乙未，詔非盛暑祁寒，日禦文華殿與輔臣議政。九月丁卯，京師地震。冬十月戊戌，劉鴻訓罷，尋遣戍。十一月癸未，祀天於南郊。十二月丙申，韓爌復入閣。是年，革廣寧及薊鎮塞外諸部賞。諸部饑，告糴，不許。陝西饑民苦加派，流賊大起，分掠鄜州、延安。

In Chongzhen one, in the first month of spring, on xinsi, an edict forbade palace eunuchs to pass beyond the forbidden gates without command. On renwu Emperor Xizong's empress was honored as Empress Yi'an. On bingxu the corpses of Wei Zhongxian and his ally Cui Chengxiu were posthumously punished and publicly displayed. In the second month, on yiwei, verbose memorials were forbidden. On guichou the emperor attended the Classics Lectern. On dingsi the court was warned that ministers must not cultivate ties with palace eunuchs. In the third month, on jisi, Emperor Xizong was buried at Deling. On guiwei Shi Fenglai and Zhang Ruitu retired from office. On yiyou officials who had been unjustly condemned were posthumously honored and their families compensated. In the fourth month of summer, on guisi, Liu Ruozai and others received jinshi degrees and related ranks in varying grades. On jiawu Yuan Chonghuan was appointed minister of war with overall command of the Ji and Liaodong fronts. On gengxu Commander Zhuo Ming petitioned to open mines; the request was denied. In the fifth month, on jisi, Li Guozhen retired from office. On gengwu the Records of Three Reigns Essentials was ordered destroyed. On jiaxu supernumerary posts in the ministries were abolished; on xinsi the court prayed for rain. On yiyou long tenure for local officials and joint liability in patronage recommendations were restored, and local magistrates were forbidden to impose unauthorized levies. In the sixth month Feng Quan and Wei Guangwei, partisans of Wei Zhongxian, were struck from the registers. On renyin Xu Xianchun was executed. On renzi Lai Zongdao and Yang Jingchen retired from office. In the seventh month of autumn, on guiyou, ministers and Yuan Chonghuan were summoned to audience at the Ping Platform. On renwu storms struck Zhejiang and the sea surged inland, drowning tens of thousands. On guiwei the sea lord Zheng Zhilong surrendered. On jiashen the Ningyuan garrison mutinied, and grand coordinator Bi Zisheng took his own life. In the eighth month, on yiwei, an edict directed that except in extreme heat or bitter cold the emperor would daily meet his chief ministers at the Wenhua Hall to deliberate affairs of state. In the ninth month, on dingmao, the capital was struck by an earthquake. In the tenth month of winter, on wuxu, Liu Hongxun was dismissed and soon banished. In the eleventh month, on guiwei, the emperor sacrificed to Heaven at the Southern Suburb. In the twelfth month, on bingshen, Han Kuang returned to the Grand Secretariat. That year stipends to the outer tribes beyond Guangning and the Ji frontier were abolished. The tribes, starving, petitioned to purchase grain; permission was refused. In Shaanxi the famished were ruined by supplemental levies; bandits rose in force and fanned out to plunder Yanzhou and Yan'an.

二年春正月丙子，釋奠于先師孔子。丁丑，定逆案，自崔呈秀以下凡六等。二月戊子，祀社稷。庚寅，皇長子慈烺生，赦天下。三月戊寅，薊州兵變，有司撫定之。夏四月甲午，裁驛站。閏月癸亥，流賊犯三水，遊擊高從龍戰歿。癸未，祀地於北郊。五月乙酉朔，日有食之。庚子，議改曆法。六月戊午，袁崇煥殺毛文龍於雙島。癸亥，以久旱，齋居文華殿，敕群臣修省。秋八月甲子，總兵官侯良柱、兵備副使劉可訓擊斬奢崇明、安邦彥於紅土川，水西賊平。甲戌，熹宗神主祔太廟。九月丁未，楊鎬棄市。冬十月戊寅，大清兵入大安口。十一月壬午朔，京師戒嚴。乙酉，山海關總兵官趙率教戰沒於遵化。甲申，大清兵入遵化，巡撫都御史王元雅、推官何天球等死之。丁亥，總兵官滿桂入援。己丑，吏部侍郎成基命為禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。召前大學士孫承宗為兵部尚書中極殿大學士，視師通州。辛卯，袁崇煥入援，次薊州。戊子，宣、大、保定兵相繼入援。征天下鎮巡官勤王。辛丑，大清兵薄德勝門。甲辰，召袁崇煥等於平臺，崇煥請入城休兵，不許。下兵部尚書王洽于獄。十二月辛亥朔，再召袁崇煥於平臺，下錦衣衛獄。甲寅，總兵官祖大壽兵潰，東出關。乙卯，孫承宗移駐山海關。庚申，諭廷臣進馬。丁卯，遣中官趨滿桂出戰，桂及前總兵官孫祖壽俱戰歿。總兵官馬世龍總理援軍。壬申，錢龍錫罷。癸酉，山西援兵潰於良鄉。丁丑，禮部侍郎周延儒、尚書何如寵、侍郎錢象坤俱禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。

In the second year, in the first month of spring, on bingzi, the emperor offered libation to Confucius as First Teacher. On dingchou the treason roster was settled, ranking partisans from Cui Chengxiu downward in six grades. In the second month, on wuzi, the emperor sacrificed at the altars of soil and grain. On gengyin the eldest imperial son Cilang was born and amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. In the third month, on wuyin, the Jizhou garrison mutinied and was pacified by local officials. In the fourth month of summer, on jiawu, the courier-station system was reduced. In the intercalary month, on renhai, bandits struck Sanshui and guerrilla commander Gao Conglong fell in battle. On guiwei the emperor sacrificed to Earth at the Northern Suburb. On the new moon yiyou in the fifth month there was a solar eclipse. On gengzi the court deliberated reform of the calendar. In the sixth month, on wuwu, Yuan Chonghuan executed Mao Wenlong at Shuangdao. On renhai, after prolonged drought, the emperor withdrew to fast in the Wenhua Hall and ordered his ministers to examine their conduct. In the eighth month of autumn, on jiazi, regional commander Hou Liangzhu and vice commissioner Liu Kexun killed She Chongming and An Bangyan at Hongtu River, pacifying the Shuixi rebels. On jiaxu Emperor Xizong's spirit tablet was placed in the Grand Temple. In the ninth month, on dingwei, Yang Hao was executed in the marketplace. In the tenth month of winter, on wuyin, Great Qing armies entered Da'an Pass. On the new moon renwu in the eleventh month the capital went on martial alert. On yiyou Shanhaiguan regional commander Zhao Shuaijiao fell in battle at Zunhua. On jiashen Great Qing forces took Zunhua; grand coordinator Wang Yuanya, assistant magistrate He Tianqiu, and others were killed. On dinghai regional commander Man Gui marched in relief of the capital. On jichou vice minister of personnel Cheng Jiming was made minister of rites and grand secretary of the Eastern Pavilion with a seat in confidential deliberations. Former grand secretary Sun Chengzong was recalled as minister of war and grand secretary of the Zhongji Hall to take command at Tongzhou. On xinmao Yuan Chonghuan marched to relieve the capital and encamped at Jizhou. On wuzi relief columns from Xuanfu, Datong, and Baoding reached the capital in succession. Military governors and circuit commissioners throughout the realm were ordered to hurry to the emperor's defense. On xinchou Great Qing forces pressed up to Desheng Gate. On jiachen Yuan Chonghuan and others were summoned to audience at the Ping Platform; Chonghuan asked to bring his troops within the walls to rest, but permission was refused. Minister of war Wang Qia was thrown into prison. On the new moon xinhai in the twelfth month Yuan Chonghuan was again summoned to the Ping Platform and then imprisoned in the Embroidered Uniform Guard jail. On jiayin regional commander Zu Dashou's army broke and fled eastward out of the pass. On yimao Sun Chengzong moved his headquarters to Shanhaiguan. On gengshen the court ordered ministers to contribute horses. On dingmao palace eunuchs were sent to hurry Man Gui into battle; Gui and former regional commander Sun Zushou both fell fighting. Regional commander Ma Shilong was placed in overall charge of the relief armies. On renshen Qian Longxi was dismissed from office. On guiyou the Shanxi relief force broke at Liangxiang. On dingchou vice minister of rites Zhou Yanru, minister He Ruchong, and vice minister Qian Xiangkun were all appointed ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion with seats in confidential deliberations.

三年春正月甲申，大清兵克永平，副使鄭國昌、知府張鳳奇等死之。丙戌，瘞城外戰士骸。戊子，大清兵克灤州。庚寅，逮總督薊遼都御史劉策下獄，論死。乙未，禁抄傳邊報。韓爌致仕。壬寅，兵部右侍郎劉之綸敗沒於遵化。是月，陝西諸路總兵官吳自勉等帥師入衛，延綏、甘肅兵潰西去，與群寇合。二月庚申，立皇長子慈烺為皇太子，大赦。三月壬午，李標緻仕。戊申，流賊犯山西。夏四月乙卯，以久旱，齋居文華殿，諭百官修省。丁丑，流賊陷蒲縣。五月辛卯，馬世龍、祖大壽諸軍入灤州。壬辰，大清兵東歸，永平、遷安、遵化相繼復。六月癸丑，流賊王嘉胤陷府谷，米脂賊張獻忠聚眾應之。己未，授宋儒邵雍後裔《五經》博士。辛酉，禮部尚書溫體仁、吳宗達並兼東閣大學士，預機務。秋八月癸亥，殺袁崇煥。九月己卯，逮錢龍錫下獄。冬十月癸亥，停刑。丙寅，巡撫延綏副都御史洪承疇、總兵官杜文煥敗賊張獻忠於清澗。十一月壬辰，破賊于懷寧。甲午，山西總兵官王國梁追賊于河曲，敗績。十二月乙巳朔，增田賦充餉。戊午，流賊陷寧塞。是年，烏斯藏入貢。

In the third year, in the first month of spring, on jiashen, Great Qing forces captured Yongping; vice commissioner Zheng Guochang, prefect Zhang Fengqi, and others were killed. On bingxu the remains of soldiers slain outside the walls were interred. On wuzi Great Qing forces captured Luanzhou. On gengyin governor-general of Ji and Liaodong Liu Ce was arrested, imprisoned, and sentenced to death. On yiwei unauthorized copying and circulation of frontier intelligence was forbidden. Han Kuang stepped down from the Grand Secretariat. On renyin vice minister of war Liu Zhilun was defeated and killed at Zunhua. That month regional commanders of the Shaanxi circuits, including Wu Zimian, marched east to defend the capital, while the Yan'an and Gansu columns broke westward and merged with the bandit hosts. In the second month, on gengshen, the eldest imperial son Cilang was installed as heir apparent and a great amnesty was proclaimed. In the third month, on renwu, Li Biao retired from office. On wushen bandits raided Shanxi. In the fourth month of summer, on yimao, after prolonged drought the emperor withdrew to fast in the Wenhua Hall and urged all officials to examine their conduct. On dingchou roving rebels captured Puxian. In the fifth month, on xinmao, the armies of Ma Shilong, Zu Dashou, and others entered Luzhou. On renchen Qing forces withdrew eastward, and Yongping, Qian'an, and Zunhua were recovered one after another. In the sixth month, on guichou, the roving rebel Wang Jiayin captured Fugu, and Zhang Xianzhong of Mizhi raised a following to join him. On jiwei a descendant of the Song scholar Shao Yong was appointed Erudite of the Five Classics. On xinyou Ministers of Rites Wen Tiren and Wu Zongda were both made grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion and joined in affairs of state. In the eighth month of autumn, on guihai, Yuan Chonghuan was put to death. In the ninth month, on jimao, Qian Longxi was arrested and imprisoned. In the tenth month of winter, on guihai, executions were suspended. On bingyin Grand Coordinator Hong Chengchou of Yansui, Vice Censor-in-Chief, and Regional Commander Du Wenhuan defeated Zhang Xianzhong's rebels at Qingjian. In the eleventh month, on renchen, rebels were defeated at Huaining. On jiawu Shanxi Regional Commander Wang Guoliang pursued rebels at Hequ and suffered defeat. On the yisi new moon of the twelfth month land tax was raised to fund military supplies. On wuwu roving rebels captured Ningsai. That year U-Tsang sent a tribute mission.

四年春正月己卯，流賊陷保安。丁酉，御史吳甡振延綏饑民。己亥，召對內閣、九卿、科道及入覲兩司官于文華殿。命都察院嚴核巡按御史。二月壬子，流賊圍慶陽，分兵陷合水。三月丁丑，副將張應昌等擊敗之，慶陽圍解。癸未，總督陝西三邊軍務侍郎楊鶴招撫流賊于寧州，群賊偽降，尋復叛。己丑，賜陳于泰等進士及第、出身有差。夏四月庚戌，禱雨。辛酉，詔廷臣條時政。是月，延綏副將曹文詔擊賊于河曲，王嘉胤敗死。五月甲戌朔，步禱於南郊。庚辰，戍錢龍錫。六月丁未，錢象坤致仕。秋七月甲戌，總兵官王際恩敗賊於鄜州，降賊首上天龍。八月癸卯，總兵官賀虎臣擊斬賊劉六於慶陽。丁未，大清兵圍祖大壽于大淩城。丙辰，何如寵致仕。九月庚辰，內臣王應朝、鄧希詔等監視關、寧、薊鎮兵糧及各邊撫賞。甲午，逮楊鶴下獄，論戍。洪承疇總督三邊軍務。丁酉，太監張彝憲總理戶、工二部錢糧，給事中宋可久等相繼諫，不聽。戊戌，山海總兵官宋偉等援大淩，敗於長山，監軍太僕少卿張春被執。冬十月辛丑朔，日有食之。戊辰，祖大壽殺副將何可綱。己巳，大壽自大淩脫歸，入錦州。十一月丙戌，太監李奇茂監視陝西茶馬，吳直監視登島兵糧、海禁，群臣合疏諫，不聽。壬辰，孫承宗致仕。癸巳，召對廷臣于文華殿，曆詢軍國諸務。語及內臣，帝曰：「諸臣若實心任事，朕亦何需此輩。」己亥，流賊羅汝才犯山西。閏月乙丑，陝西降賊復叛，陷甘泉，殺參政張允登。丁卯，登州遊擊孔有德率師援遼，次吳橋反，陷陵縣，連陷臨邑、商河、齊東，屠新城。十二月丙子，濟南官軍禦賊于阮城店，敗績。丁丑，以大淩築城招釁奪孫承宗官。是冬，延安、慶陽大雪，民饑，盜賊益熾。

In spring of Chongzhen four, on jimao of the first month, roving rebels captured Bao'an. On dingyou Censor Wu Shen organized relief for the famine victims of Yansui. On jihai the Emperor held audience at the Wenhua Hall with the Grand Secretariat, the Nine Ministers, supervising secretaries and censors, and provincial officials who had come to court. He ordered the Censorate to conduct a strict audit of touring investigating censors. In the second month, on renzi, roving rebels besieged Qingyang while detached columns captured Heshui. In the third month, on dingchou, Vice General Zhang Yingchang and others defeated them and lifted the siege of Qingyang. On guiwei Yang He, commissioner for the Three Frontiers in Shaanxi, induced roving rebels to submit at Ningzhou; the bands feigned surrender and soon rose again. On jichou Chen Yutai and other metropolitan graduates were granted the jinshi degree and appointed to office in varying ranks. In the fourth month of summer, on gengxu, prayers for rain were offered. On xinyou an edict ordered court ministers to submit written proposals on current policy. That month Yansui Vice General Cao Wenbiao attacked rebels at Hequ, and Wang Jiayin was defeated and killed. On the jiaxu new moon of the fifth month the foot ritual to pray for rain was performed at the Southern Suburb. On gengchen Qian Longxi was banished to frontier service. In the sixth month, on dingwei, Qian Xiangkun retired from office. In the seventh month of autumn, on jiaxu, Regional Commander Wang Jien defeated rebels at Fuzhou and received the surrender of the rebel chieftain Shang Tianlong. In the eighth month, on maoyin, Regional Commander He Huchen attacked and beheaded the rebel Liu Liu at Qingyang. On dingwei Qing forces besieged Zu Dashou at Daling Fort. On bingchen He Ruchong retired from office. In the ninth month, on gengchen, inner eunuchs Wang Yingchao, Deng Xizhao, and others were posted to supervise troop grain at the Shan, Ning, and Ji garrisons and frontier reward payments. On jiawu Yang He was arrested, imprisoned, and sentenced to frontier banishment. Hong Chengchou was made commissioner for Three Frontiers military affairs. On dingyou the eunuch Zhang Yixian was put in overall charge of the treasuries of the Ministries of Revenue and Works; Supervising Secretary Song Kejiu and others remonstrated in succession, but the emperor would not listen. On wuxu Shanhai Regional Commander Song Wei and others marched to relieve Daling, were defeated at Changshan, and Zhang Chun, supervising secretary of the Court of Imperial Studs who oversaw the army, was taken captive. On the xinchou new moon of the tenth month of winter there was a solar eclipse. On wuchen Zu Dashou killed Vice General He Kegang. On jisi Dashou broke out of Daling and returned to Jinzhou. In the eleventh month, on bingxu, the eunuch Li Qimao was posted to supervise Shaanxi tea and horses and Wu Zhi to supervise Deng-Lai troop grain and maritime prohibitions; the ministers submitted a joint memorial of remonstrance, but the emperor would not listen. On renchen Sun Chengzong retired from office. On guisi the emperor summoned court ministers to audience at the Wenhua Hall and questioned them in turn on military and state affairs. When the talk turned to inner eunuchs, the emperor said, "If my ministers would truly devote themselves to their duties, what need would I have for this lot? On jihai roving rebels led by Luo Rucai invaded Shanxi. In the intercalary month, on yichou, surrendered rebels in Shaanxi rose again, captured Ganquan, and killed Administration Vice Commissioner Zhang Yundeng. On dingmao Dengzhou Guerrilla Commander Kong Youde led troops to relieve Liaodong; halting at Wuqiao he mutinied, captured Ling County, and in succession took Linyi, Shanghe, and Qidong, massacring the people of Xincheng. In the twelfth month, on bingzi, Jinan government troops met the rebels at Ruancheng Station and suffered defeat. On dingchou, because fortifying Daling had provoked hostilities, Sun Chengzong was stripped of rank. That winter heavy snow fell in Yan'an and Qingyang; the people went hungry, and banditry grew fiercer.

五年春正月辛丑，孔有德陷登州，遊擊陳良謨戰死，總兵官張可大死之。巡撫都御史孫元化、副使宋光蘭等被執，尋縱還。辛亥，孔有德陷黃縣。丙寅，總兵官楊禦蕃、王洪率師討孔有德，敗績於新城鎮。二月己巳朔，孔有德圍萊州，巡撫都御史徐從治固守。辛巳，孔有德陷平度。三月壬寅，兵部侍郎劉宇烈督理山東軍務，討孔有德。夏四月甲戌，劉宇烈敗績於沙河。癸未，徐從治中傷卒。是月，總兵官曹文詔、楊嘉謨連破賊于隴安、靜寧，賊奔水落城，平涼、莊浪饑民附之，勢復熾。五月丙午，參政硃大典為僉都御史，巡撫山東。辛亥，禮部尚書鄭以偉、徐光啟並兼東閣大學士，預機務。六月，京師大雨水。壬申，河決孟津。秋七月辛丑，太監曹化淳提督京營戎政。癸卯，孔有德偽降，誘執登萊巡撫都御史謝璉，萊州知府硃萬年死之。己未，孫元化棄市。逮劉宇烈下獄，論戍。八月甲戌，洪承疇敗賊於甘泉，賊首白廣恩降。甲申，硃大典督軍救萊州，前鋒參將祖寬敗賊於沙河。乙酉，萊州圍解。癸巳，官軍大敗孔有德于黃縣，進圍登州。九月丁酉，海賊劉香寇福建。是秋，陝西賊入山西，連陷大寧、澤州、壽陽，分部走河北，犯懷慶，陷修武。冬十一月戊戌，劉香寇浙江。

In spring of Chongzhen five, on xinchou of the first month, Kong Youde captured Dengzhou; Guerrilla Commander Chen Liangmo died fighting, and Regional Commander Zhang Kedai died in the affair. Grand Coordinator Sun Yuanhua, Vice Commissioner Song Guanglan, and others were taken captive and soon released. On xinhai Kong Youde captured Huang County. On bingyin Regional Commanders Yang Yufan and Wang Hong led troops against Kong Youde and suffered defeat at Xincheng Town. On the jisi new moon of the second month Kong Youde besieged Laizhou, and Grand Coordinator Xu Congzhi held firm. On xinsi Kong Youde captured Pingdu. In the third month, on renyin, Vice Minister of War Liu Yulie took charge of Shandong military affairs to campaign against Kong Youde. In the fourth month of summer, on jiaxu, Liu Yulie suffered defeat at Shahe. On guiwei Xu Congzhi died of his wounds. That month Regional Commanders Cao Wenbiao and Yang Jiamou repeatedly defeated rebels at Long'an and Jingning; the rebels fled to Shuiluo Fort, famine victims of Pingliang and Zhuanglang rallied to them, and their power revived. In the fifth month, on bingwu, Administration Vice Commissioner Zhu Dadian was made assistant censor-in-chief and grand coordinator of Shandong. On xinhai Ministers of Rites Zheng Yiwei and Xu Guangqi were both made grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion and joined in affairs of state. In the sixth month heavy rains fell in the capital. On renshen the Yellow River burst its banks at Mengjin. In the seventh month of autumn, on xinchou, the eunuch Cao Huachun was made director of military administration for the capital garrisons. On maoyin Kong Youde feigned surrender, lured and seized Deng-Lai Grand Coordinator Xie Lian, and Laizhou Prefect Zhu Wannian died in the affair. On jiwei Sun Yuanhua was executed in the market. Liu Yulie was arrested, imprisoned, and sentenced to frontier banishment. In the eighth month, on jiaxu, Hong Chengchou defeated rebels at Ganquan, and the rebel chieftain Bai Guang'en surrendered. On jiashen Zhu Dadian led troops to relieve Laizhou, and Vanguard Commander Zu Kuan defeated rebels at Shahe. On yiyou the siege of Laizhou was lifted. On guisi government troops inflicted a great defeat on Kong Youde at Huang County and advanced to besiege Dengzhou. In the ninth month, on dingyou, the sea rebel Liu Xiang raided Fujian. That autumn Shaanxi rebels entered Shanxi, captured Daning, Zezhou, and Shouyang in succession, sent columns into Hebei, invaded Huaiqing, and took Xiuwu. In the eleventh month of winter, on wuxu, Liu Xiang raided Zhejiang.

六年春正月癸卯，曹文詔節制山、陝諸將討賊。丁未，副將左良玉破賊於涉縣，賊走林縣山中，饑民爭附之。庚申，遣使分督直省逋賦。是月，曹文詔擊山西賊，屢敗之。二月壬申，削左副都御史王志道籍。癸酉，流賊犯畿南。戊子，總兵官陳洪範等克登州水城。辛卯，孔有德遁入海，山東平。三月癸巳，敕曹文詔諸將限三月平賊。夏四月己巳，免延安、慶陽、平涼新舊遼餉。壬申，總兵官鄧巳、左良玉剿河南賊。五月乙巳，太監陳大金等分監曹文詔、張應昌、左良玉、鄧巳軍。壬子，孔有德及其党耿仲明等航海降於我大清。癸丑，河套部犯寧夏，總兵官賀虎臣戰沒。六月辛酉朔，太監高起潛監視寧、錦兵餉。乙丑，鄭以偉卒。庚辰，周延儒致仕。甲申，延綏副將李卑援剿河南。庚寅，太監張彝憲請催逋賦一千七百余萬，給事中範淑泰諫，不聽。秋七月甲辰，大清兵取旅順，總兵官黃龍死之。癸丑，改曹文詔鎮大同，山西巡撫都御史許鼎臣請留文詔剿賊，不許。八月己巳，曹文詔敗賊於濟源，又敗之于懷慶。九月庚戌，南京禮部侍郎錢士升為禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。冬十月戊辰，徐光啟卒。十一月癸巳，禮部侍郎王應熊、何吾騶俱禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。辛亥，詔保定、河南、山西會兵剿賊。壬子，賊渡河。乙卯，陷澠池。十二月，連陷伊陽、盧氏，分犯南陽、汝寧，遂逼湖廣。是年，安南入貢。

In spring of Chongzhen six, on maoyin of the first month, Cao Wenbiao was placed in overall command of the generals of Shanxi and Shaanxi to campaign against rebels. On dingwei Vice General Zuo Liangyu defeated rebels at She County; the rebels fled into the mountains of Lin County, and famine victims vied to join them. On gengshen envoys were dispatched to supervise collection of overdue taxes in the directly administered provinces. That month Cao Wenbiao attacked Shanxi rebels and repeatedly defeated them. In the second month, on renshen, Left Vice Censor-in-Chief Wang Zhidao was struck from the rolls. On guiyou roving rebels invaded the region south of the capital. On wuzi Regional Commander Chen Hongfan and others captured Dengzhou's water fort. On xinmao Kong Youde fled by sea, and Shandong was pacified. In the third month, on guisi, an edict ordered Cao Wenbiao and the generals to suppress the rebels within three months. In the fourth month of summer, on jisi, old and new Liaodong levies were remitted in Yan'an, Qingyang, and Pingliang. On renshen Regional Commanders Deng Qi and Zuo Liangyu campaigned against Henan rebels. In the fifth month, on yisi, the eunuchs Chen Dajin and others were posted in separate assignments to supervise the armies of Cao Wenbiao, Zhang Yingchang, Zuo Liangyu, and Deng Qi. On renzi Kong Youde and his followers Geng Zhongming and others put to sea and surrendered to our Great Qing. On guichou Ordos tribes invaded Ningxia, and Regional Commander He Huchen fell in battle. On the xinyou new moon of the sixth month the eunuch Gao Qiqian was posted to supervise troop grain at Ning and Jin. On yichou Zheng Yiwei died. On gengchen Zhou Yanru retired from office. On jiashen Yansui Vice General Li Bei went to reinforce the campaign in Henan. On gengyin the eunuch Zhang Yixian requested collection of more than seventeen million in overdue taxes; Supervising Secretary Fan Shutai remonstrated, but the emperor would not listen. In the seventh month of autumn, on jiachen, Qing forces took Lüshun, and Regional Commander Huang Long died in the affair. On guichou Cao Wenbiao was transferred to command at Datong; Shanxi Grand Coordinator Xu Dingchen asked that Wenbiao be kept to suppress rebels, but the request was denied. In the eighth month, on jisi, Cao Wenbiao defeated rebels at Jiyuan and again defeated them at Huaiqing. In the ninth month, on gengxu, Qian Shisheng, Vice Minister of Rites at Nanjing, was made Minister of Rites and grand secretary of the Eastern Pavilion and joined in affairs of state. In the tenth month of winter, on wuchen, Xu Guangqi died. In the eleventh month, on guisi, Vice Ministers of Rites Wang Yingxiong and He Wuyao were both made ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion with a seat in confidential state affairs. On xinhai the court ordered Baoding, Henan, and Shanxi to unite their armies against the bandits. On renzi the bandits crossed the Yellow River. On yimao Mianchi was taken. In the twelfth month Yiyang and Lushi fell in turn; raiding columns struck Nanyang and Runing and then drove into Huguang. That year Annam presented tribute.

七年春正月己丑，廣鹿島副將尚可喜降於我大清。設河南、山、陝、川、湖五省總督，以延綏巡撫陳奇瑜兼兵部侍郎為之。庚寅，總兵官張應昌渡河，敗賊於靈寶。壬辰，賊自鄖陽渡漢。癸巳，犯襄陽，連陷紫陽、平利、白河，南入四川。二月戊寅，陷夔州，大寧諸縣皆失守。甲申，耕耤田。乙酉，張獻忠突商、雒，凡十三營流入漢南。是月，振登、萊饑，蠲逋賦。三月丁亥朔，日有食之。甲辰，賜劉理順等進士及第、出身有差。乙巳，張應昌擊賊於五嶺山，敗績。庚戌，賊自四川走湖廣，副將楊世恩追敗之于石河口。山西自去年不雨至於是月，民大饑。夏四月，賊自湖廣走盧氏、靈寶。癸酉，發帑振陝西、山西饑。五月丙申，副將賀人龍等敗賊于藍田。六月辛未，總督侍郎陳奇瑜、鄖陽撫治都御史盧象升會師於上津，剿湖廣賊。甲戌，河決沛縣。是夏，官軍圍高迎祥、李自成諸賊于興安之車箱峽兩月。賊食盡，偽降。陳奇瑜受之，縱出險。復叛，陷所過州縣。張應昌自清水追賊，敗績。秋七月壬辰，大清兵入上方堡，至宣府。乙未，詔總兵官陳洪范守居庸，巡撫保定都御史丁魁楚等守紫荊、雁門。辛丑，京師戒嚴。庚戌，大清兵克保安，沿邊諸城堡多不守。八月，分遣總兵官尤世威等援邊。戊辰，宣大總督侍郎張宗衡節制各鎮援兵。閏月甲申，賊陷隆德、固原，參議陸夢龍赴援，敗沒。丁亥，大清兵克萬全左衛。庚寅，旋師出塞。壬寅，李自成圍賀人龍於隴州。九月庚申，盔甲廠災。庚辰，洪承疇解隴州圍。甲戌，以賊聚陝西，詔河南兵入潼、華，湖廣兵入商、雒，四川兵由興、漢，山西兵出蒲州、韓城，合剿。冬十月庚戌，湖廣兵援漢中，副將楊正芳戰死。十一月庚辰，逮陳奇瑜下獄，論戍。乙酉，洪承疇兼攝五省軍務。是冬，陝西賊分犯湖廣、河南，李自成陷陳州。是年，暹羅入貢。

In the seventh year, spring, first month, on jichou, Guanglu Island deputy general Shang Kexi surrendered to our Great Qing. The court created a supreme commander for Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Huguang, appointing Yansui grand coordinator Chen Qiyu as vice minister of war to the post. On gengyin regional commander Zhang Yingchang crossed the river and routed the bandits at Lingbao. On renchen the bandits crossed the Han from Yunyang. On guisi they struck Xiangyang, seized Ziyang, Pingli, and Baihe in succession, and drove south into Sichuan. In the second month, on wuyin, Kuizhou fell and the counties of Daning were all lost. On jiashen the emperor performed the spring plowing at the sacred field. On yiyou Zhang Xianzhong burst into Shangzhou and Luozhou; thirteen rebel camps in all streamed into southern Han. That month famine struck Dengzhou and Laizhou, and overdue taxes were remitted. On the dinghai new moon of the third month there was a solar eclipse. On jiachen Liu Shun and others received advanced scholar and other degrees in differing ranks. On yisi Zhang Yingchang attacked the bandits at Wulingshan and was defeated. On gengxu the bandits fled from Sichuan into Huguang; vice general Yang Shi'en pursued and routed them at Shihekou. Shanxi had had no rain since the previous year until this month, and the people were in grievous famine. In the fourth month of summer the bandits fled from Huguang toward Lushi and Lingbao. On guiyou treasury funds were released to relieve famine in Shaanxi and Shanxi. In the fifth month, on bingshen, Vice General He Renlong and others defeated the bandits at Lantian. In the sixth month, on xinwei, supreme commander Chen Qiyu and Yunyang pacification commissioner Lu Xiangsheng joined forces at Shangjin to suppress the Huguang bandits. On jiaxu the Yellow River burst its banks at Peixian. That summer government troops besieged Gao Yingxiang, Li Zicheng, and their followers in Chexiang Gorge in Xing'an for two months. When their provisions were exhausted the bandits feigned surrender. Chen Qiyu accepted the surrender and let them out of the gorge. They rebelled again and overran the prefectures and counties in their path. Zhang Yingchang pursued the bandits from Qingshui and was defeated. In the seventh month of autumn, on renchen, Great Qing troops entered Shangfang Fort and advanced to Xuanfu. On yiwei the court ordered regional commander Chen Hongfan to hold Juyong and Baoding grand coordinator Ding Kuitai and others to hold Zijing and Yanmen. On xinchou the capital was placed under strict guard. On gengxu Great Qing troops took Bao'an, and many frontier forts and strongholds were abandoned. In the eighth month regional commanders including You Shiwei were sent in separate columns to reinforce the border. On wuchen Xuanda supreme commander Zhang Zongheng took overall command of relief armies from the various garrisons. In the intercalary month, on jiashen, the bandits took Longde and Guyuan; participating secretary Lu Menglong marched to relieve them and was defeated and killed. On dinghai Great Qing troops took Wanquan Left Guard. On gengyin the army withdrew beyond the passes. On renyin Li Zicheng besieged He Renlong at Longzhou. In the ninth month, on gengshen, the armor works burned. On gengchen Hong Chengchou lifted the siege of Longzhou. On jiaxu, because the bandits had massed in Shaanxi, the court ordered Henan troops into Tongzhou and Huazhou, Huguang troops into Shangzhou and Luozhou, Sichuan troops through Xing'an and Hanzhong, and Shanxi troops out from Puzhou and Hancheng for a combined campaign. In the tenth month of winter, on gengxu, Huguang troops marched to relieve Hanzhong; vice general Yang Zhengfang was killed in battle. In the eleventh month, on gengchen, Chen Qiyu was arrested, imprisoned, and sentenced to penal exile. On yiyou Hong Chengchou was additionally given charge of military affairs in the five provinces. That winter Shaanxi bandits divided to raid Huguang and Henan, and Li Zicheng took Chenzhou. That year Siam presented tribute.

八年春正月乙卯，賊陷上蔡，連陷汜水、滎陽、固始。己未，洪承疇出關討賊。辛酉，張獻忠陷潁州。丙寅，陷鳳陽，焚皇陵樓殿，留守硃國相等戰死。壬申，徐州援兵至鳳陽。張獻忠犯廬州，尋陷廬江、無為。李自成走歸德，與羅汝才復入陝西。二月，張獻忠陷潛山、羅田、太湖、新蔡，應天巡撫都御史張國維禦卻之。甲午，以皇陵失守，逮總督漕運尚書楊一鵬下獄，尋棄市。丁酉，總兵官鄧巳敗賊于羅山。是月，曹文詔敗賊於隨州。夏四月，張獻忠復走漢中，犯平涼、鳳翔。丁亥，鄭芝龍擊敗海賊劉香，香自殺，眾悉降。辛卯，洪承疇會師於汝州，分部諸將防豫、楚要害。乙巳，川兵變于樊城，鄧巳自殺。丙午，洪承疇西還，駐師靈寶。五月乙亥，吳宗達致仕。六月己丑，官軍遇賊于亂馬川，敗績。壬辰，副將艾萬年、柳國鎮擊李自成于寧州之襄樂，戰沒。丙午，曹文詔追賊至真寧之湫頭鎮，遇伏，力戰死之。秋七月甲戌，少詹事文震孟、刑部侍郎張至發俱禮部侍郎兼東閣大學士，預機務。是月，張獻忠突硃陽關，總兵官尤世威敗績，賊復走河南。八月，李自成陷咸陽，賊將高傑降。壬辰，詔撤監視總理內臣，惟京營及關、寧如故。辛丑，盧象升總理直隸、河南、山東、湖廣、四川軍務。九月辛亥，洪承疇督副將曹變蛟等敗賊于關山鎮。李自成東走，與張獻忠合。壬戌，官軍敗績于沈丘之瓦店，總兵官張全昌被執。壬申，王應熊致仕。冬十月庚辰，下詔罪己，辟居武英殿，減膳撤樂，示與將士同甘苦。丙戌，戶部尚書侯恂請嚴征新舊逋賦，從之。辛卯，李自成陷陝州。十一月庚戌，何吾騶、文震孟罷。庚申，祀天於南郊。總兵官祖寬破賊於汝州。十二月戊寅，城鳳陽。乙酉，盧象升、祖寬敗李自成於確山。戊子，左良玉敗賊於閿鄉。癸巳，賊犯江北，圍滁州。乙巳，老回回諸賊自河南犯陝西，洪承疇敗之於臨潼。是年，安南、暹羅、琉球入貢。

In the eighth year, spring, first month, on yimao, the bandits took Shangcai and then Sishui, Xingyang, and Gushi in succession. On jiwei Hong Chengchou marched out of the passes to campaign against the bandits. On xinyou Zhang Xianzhong took Yingzhou. On bingyin Fengyang fell; the tower halls of the imperial tombs were burned, and garrison commander Zhu Guoxiang and others died fighting. On renshen relief troops from Xuzhou reached Fengyang. Zhang Xianzhong attacked Luzhou and soon took Lujiang and Wuwei. Li Zicheng fled to Guide and, with Luo Rucai, re-entered Shaanxi. In the second month Zhang Xianzhong took Qianshan, Luotian, Taihu, and Xincai; Yingtian grand coordinator Zhang Guowei drove him back. On jiawu, because the imperial tombs had been lost, grain transport grand coordinator Yang Yipeng was arrested and soon executed. On dingyou regional commander Deng Zhifeng defeated the bandits at Luoshan. That month Cao Wenchao defeated the bandits at Suizhou. In the fourth month of summer Zhang Xianzhong again fled to Hanzhong and raided Pingliang and Fengxiang. On dinghai Zheng Zhilong defeated the pirate Liu Xiang; Xiang killed himself and all his followers surrendered. On xinmao Hong Chengchou united his armies at Ruzhou and deployed his generals to hold the strategic points of Henan and Huguang. On yisi Sichuan troops mutinied at Fancheng; Deng Zhifeng killed himself. On bingwu Hong Chengchou returned west and encamped at Lingbao. In the fifth month, on yihai, Wu Zongda retired from office. In the sixth month, on jichou, government troops met the bandits at Luanma River and were defeated. On renchen vice generals Ai Wannian and Liu Guozhen attacked Li Zicheng at Xiangle in Ningzhou and were killed. On bingwu Cao Wenchao pursued the bandits to Qiutou Fort in Zhenning, fell into an ambush, and died fighting. In the seventh month of autumn, on jiaxu, junior mentor Wen Zhenmeng and vice minister of punishments Zhang Zhifa were both made vice ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Pavilion with a seat in confidential state affairs. That month Zhang Xianzhong burst through Zhuyang Pass; regional commander You Shiwei was defeated, and the bandits again fled into Henan. In the eighth month Li Zicheng took Xianyang, and the bandit general Gao Jie surrendered. On renchen an edict ordered the withdrawal of supervising eunuchs from overall command; only the capital garrison and the Shanhai and Ningxia fronts were left unchanged. On xinchou Lu Xiangsheng was made supreme commander of military affairs in Zhili, Henan, Shandong, Huguang, and Sichuan. In the ninth month, on xinhai, Hong Chengchou directed vice general Cao Bianjiao and others to defeat the bandits at Guanshan Fort. Li Zicheng fled east and joined Zhang Xianzhong. On renxu government troops were defeated at Wadian in Shenqiu, and regional commander Zhang Quanchang was captured. On renshen Wang Yingxiong retired from office. In the tenth month of winter, on gengchen, the emperor issued a self-reproach edict, moved his residence to the Wuying Hall, reduced his meals, and withdrew music to show that he shared hardship with his troops. On bingxu Minister of Revenue Hou Xun asked for strict collection of new and old overdue taxes, and the request was approved. On xinmao Li Zicheng took Shanzhou. In the eleventh month, on gengxu, He Wuyao and Wen Zhenmeng were dismissed. On gengshen the court sacrificed to Heaven at the southern suburb. Regional commander Zu Kuan defeated the bandits at Ruzhou. In the twelfth month, on wuyin, Fengyang was walled. On yiyou Lu Xiangsheng and Zu Kuan defeated Li Zicheng at Queshan. On wuzi Zuo Liangyu defeated the bandits at Wenxiang. On guisi the bandits raided north of the Yangtze and besieged Chuzhou. On yisi the bandits led by Lao Huihui came from Henan to raid Shaanxi; Hong Chengchou defeated them at Lintong. That year Annam, Siam, and Ryukyu presented tribute.

九年春正月甲寅，總理侍郎盧象升、祖寬援滁，大敗賊于硃龍橋。丁卯，前禮部侍郎林釺以原官兼東閣大學士，預機務。二月，前副將湯九州及賊戰嵩縣，敗沒。山西大饑，人相食。乙酉，寧夏饑，兵變，殺巡撫都御史王楫，兵備副使丁啟睿撫定之。辛卯，以武舉陳起新為給事中。三月，盧象升、祖大樂剿河南賊。高迎祥、李自成分部入陝西，餘賊自光化走湖廣。振南陽饑，蠲山西被災州縣新舊二餉。夏四月戊子，錢士升致仕。五月壬子，詔赦協從諸賊。願歸者，護還鄉，有司安置；原隨軍自效者，有功一體敘錄。丙辰，延綏總兵官俞沖霄擊李自成于安定，敗績，死之。李自成犯榆林，賀人龍擊敗之。癸酉，免畿內五年以前逋賦。六月乙亥，林釺卒。甲申，吏部侍郎孔貞運，禮部尚書賀逢聖、黃士俊，俱禮部尚書兼東閣大學士，預機務。己亥，總兵官解進忠撫賊於淅川，被殺。秋七月甲辰，內臣李國輔等分守紫荊、倒馬諸關。庚戌，成國公硃純臣巡視邊關。癸丑，詔諸鎮星馳入援。己未，大清兵入昌平，巡關御史王肇坤等死之。壬戌，巡撫陝西都御史孫傳庭擊擒賊首高迎祥於盩厔，送京師伏誅。癸亥，諭廷臣助餉。甲子，兵部尚書張鳳翼督援軍，高起潛為總監。是月，大清兵入寶坻，連下近畿州縣。八月癸酉，括勳戚文武諸臣馬。乙未，盧象升入援，次真定。丙申，唐王聿鍵起兵勤王，勒還國，尋廢為庶人。是月，大清兵出塞。九月辛酉，改盧象升總督宣大、山西軍務。冬十月乙亥，工部侍郎劉宗周以論內臣及大學士溫體仁削籍。甲申，張獻忠犯襄陽。丙申，命開銀鐵銅鉛諸礦。十一月丁未，蠲山東五年以前逋賦。十二月，大清兵征朝鮮。是年，洪承疇敗賊於隴州，賊走慶陽、鳳翔。暹羅入貢。

In the ninth year, spring, first month, on jiayin, supreme commander Lu Xiangsheng and Zu Kuan marched to relieve Chuzhou and routed the bandits at Zhu Long Bridge. On dingmao former vice minister of rites Lin Kan was restored to his former office and additionally made grand secretary of the Eastern Pavilion with a seat in confidential state affairs. In the second month former vice general Tang Jiuzhou fought the bandits at Songxian and was defeated and killed. Great famine struck Shanxi, and men ate one another. On yiyou famine struck Ningxia; the troops mutinied and killed grand coordinator Wang Ji, and military vice commissioner Ding Qirui pacified them. On xinmao military licentiate Chen Qixin was made a supervising secretary. In the third month Lu Xiangsheng and Zu Dale suppressed the Henan bandits. Gao Yingxiang and Li Zicheng divided their forces and entered Shaanxi, while the remaining bandits fled from Guanghua into Huguang. Relief was sent for famine at Nanyang, and new and old double levies were remitted in disaster-stricken prefectures and counties of Shanxi. In the fourth month of summer, on wuzi, Qian Shisheng retired from office. In the fifth month, on renzi, an edict granted amnesty to bandits who had followed the rebels. Those who wished to return home would be escorted back and resettled by the local authorities; those who chose to remain with the army and prove themselves would, upon earning merit, receive rewards and promotion on the same terms as regular troops. On bingchen Yan-Sui regional commander Yu Chongxiao attacked Li Zicheng at Anding, was defeated, and was killed. Li Zicheng raided Yulin, but He Renlong routed him. On guiyou tax arrears in the capital region older than five years were remitted. In the sixth month, on yihai, Lin Qian died. On jiashen Vice Minister of Personnel Kong Zhenyun and Ministers of Rites He Fengsheng and Huang Shijun were all appointed ministers of rites and grand secretaries of the Eastern Lodge with a seat in state deliberations. On jihai regional commander Xie Jinzhong was pacifying bandits at Xichuan when he was killed. In the seventh month of autumn, on jiachen, eunuch officials including Li Guofu were assigned to hold the Zijing, Daoma, and other passes. On gengxu Duke of Cheng-guo Zhu Chunchen inspected the frontier passes. On guichou an edict ordered the frontier garrisons to march to the capital with all speed. On jiwei Qing forces entered Changping; frontier inspector Wang Zhaokun and others were killed. On renxu Shaanxi governor Sun Chuanting captured the bandit chief Gao Yingxiang at Zhouzhi, sent him to the capital, and had him executed. On guihai the court instructed its ministers to contribute to military pay. On jiazi Minister of War Zhang Fengyi took command of the relief army, with Gao Qiqian as grand overseer. That month Qing forces entered Baodi and in quick succession overran nearby prefectures and counties of the capital region. In the eighth month, on guiyou, horses were requisitioned from ennobled princes, consort kin, and civil and military officials at court. On yimao Lu Xiangsheng marched to reinforce the capital and encamped at Zhending. On bingshen Tang Prince Yujian raised troops to rescue the throne; he was forced back to his fief and soon afterward was reduced to commoner status. That month the Qing forces withdrew beyond the frontier. In the ninth month, on xinyou, Lu Xiangsheng was reassigned as governor-general of Xuan-Da and Shanxi military affairs. In the tenth month of winter, on yihai, Works vice minister Liu Zongzhou was struck from the registers for memorializing against eunuch officials and Grand Secretary Wen Tiren. On jiashen Zhang Xianzhong raided Xiangyang. On bingshen an order was issued to open silver, iron, copper, and lead mines. In the eleventh month, on dingwei, tax arrears in Shandong older than five years were remitted. In the twelfth month Qing forces campaigned against Korea. That year Hong Chengchou defeated the bandits at Longzhou, and they fled toward Qingyang and Fengxiang. Siam sent tribute.

十年春正月辛丑朔，日有食之。丙午，老回回諸賊趨江北，張獻忠、羅汝才自襄陽犯安慶，南京大震。二月甲戌，遣使督直省逋賦。丁酉，賊犯潛山，總兵官左良玉、副使史可法敗之於楓香驛。是月，朝鮮降於我大清。三月辛亥，振陝西災。丁巳，賜劉同升等進士及第、出身有差。甲子，官軍援安慶，敗績於酆家店。夏四月戊寅，大清兵克皮島，副總兵金日觀力戰死之，總兵官沈冬魁走石城島。癸巳旱，清刑獄。是月，洪承疇剿賊于漢南。閏月壬寅，敕群臣潔己愛民，以回天意。江北賊分犯河南，總督兩廣都御史熊文燦為兵部尚書，總理南京、河南、山、陝、川、湖軍務，駐鄖陽討賊。五月戊寅，李自成自秦州犯四川。六月戊申，溫體仁致仕。是夏，兩畿、山西大旱。秋七月，山東、河南蝗，民大饑。八月己酉，吏部侍郎劉宇亮、禮部侍郎傅冠俱禮部尚書，僉都御史薛國觀為禮部侍郎，並兼東閣大學士，預機務。庚申，閱城。九月丙子，左良玉敗賊於虹縣。辛卯，洪承疇敗賊於漢中。癸巳，李自成陷寧羌。冬十月丙申，自成自七盤關入西川。壬寅，陷昭化、劍州、梓潼，分兵趨潼川、江油、綿州，總兵官侯良柱戰死，遂陷彰明、鹽亭諸縣。庚戌，逼成都。十一月庚辰，以星變修省，求直言。十二月癸卯，黃士俊致仕。癸亥，洪承疇、曹變蛟援四川，次廣元。是年，安南、琉球入貢。

In the tenth year, on the xinchou new moon of the first month of spring, there was a solar eclipse. On bingwu the Muslim rebel bands turned toward the lands north of the Yangzi; Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai marched from Xiangyang against Anqing, throwing Nanjing into alarm. In the second month, on jiaxu, envoys were sent to press for tax arrears in the directly administered provinces. On dingyou bandits raided Qianshan; regional commander Zuo Liangyu and vice commissioner Shi Kefa defeated them at Fengxiang Post. That month Korea submitted to the Great Qing. In the third month, on xinhai, disaster relief was sent to Shaanxi. On dingsi Liu Tongsheng and others received jinshi titles, palace degrees, and other ranks according to merit. On jiazi government troops marched to relieve Anqing and were defeated at Fengjia Post. In the fourth month of summer, on wuyin, Qing forces captured Pi Island; vice regional commander Jin Riguan died fighting, and regional commander Shen Dongkui fled to Shicheng Island. On guisi, because of drought, criminal cases were reviewed. That month Hong Chengchou suppressed bandits in southern Han. In the intercalary month, on renyin, the ministers were charged to discipline themselves and care for the people, so as to move Heaven's mind. Bandits from north of the Yangzi split off and raided Henan; Guangdong-Guangxi governor-general and censor-in-chief Xiong Wencan was made minister of war with overall charge of military affairs in Nanjing, Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Huguang, and was stationed at Yunyang to suppress the rebels. In the fifth month, on wuyin, Li Zicheng marched from Qinzhou into Sichuan. In the sixth month, on wushen, Wen Tiren retired from office. That summer the two metropolitan regions and Shanxi suffered severe drought. In the seventh month of autumn locusts ravaged Shandong and Henan, and the people suffered severe famine. In the eighth month, on jiyou, Personnel vice minister Liu Yuliang and Rites vice minister Fu Guan were both made ministers of rites, and vice censor-in-chief Xue Guoguan was made vice minister of rites; all three were also appointed grand secretaries of the Eastern Lodge with a seat in state deliberations. On gengshen the city defenses were inspected. In the ninth month, on bingzi, Zuo Liangyu defeated bandits at Hong County. On xinmao Hong Chengchou defeated bandits at Hanzhong. On guisi Li Zicheng took Ningqiang. In the tenth month of winter, on bingshen, Zicheng entered western Sichuan through Qipan Pass. On renyin he took Zhaohua, Jianzhou, and Zitong; dividing his forces he pressed toward Tongchuan, Jiangyou, and Mianzhou; regional commander Hou Liangzhu died fighting, and he then overran Zhangming, Yanting, and other counties. On gengxu he pressed on Chengdu. In the eleventh month, on gengchen, because of a celestial anomaly the court practiced self-examination and frugality and called for blunt counsel. In the twelfth month, on guimao, Huang Shijun retired from office. On guihai Hong Chengchou and Cao Bianjiao marched to reinforce Sichuan and encamped at Guangyuan. That year Annam and Ryukyu sent tribute missions.

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