Volume 30 Treatises 6: Five Elements 3

志第六五行三〈（金土）〉

Treatise on the Five Elements, Part Three. (Metal and Earth sections).〉

《洪範》曰：「金曰從革。」金不從革，則失其性矣。前史多以恆暘、詩妖、毛蟲之孽、犬禍、金石之妖、白眚白祥皆屬之金，今從之。

The Hong Fan states: "Metal is defined as complying and transforming (conforming and changing). When metal neither conforms nor changes, it has forsaken its proper nature. Earlier dynastic histories grouped persistent drought-yang, poetic anomalies, calamities among hairy insects, dog portents, anomalies in metal and stone, and white afflictions and white auspices under the element Metal; this chapter follows that convention.

▲恆蝪

▲ Persistent Drought

洪武三年，夏旱。六月戊午朔，步禱郊壇。四年，陝西、河南、山西及直隸常州、臨濠、北平、河間、永平旱。五年夏，山東旱。七年夏，北平旱。二十三年，山東旱。二十六年，大旱，詔求直言。

Hongwu 3, summer: drought. Hongwu 3, sixth month, new moon of day wuwu: the court performed paced prayers at the suburban altar. Hongwu 4: drought struck Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, and in Zhili the prefectures of Changzhou, Linhao, Beiping, Hejian, and Yongping. Hongwu 5, summer: Shandong suffered drought. Hongwu 7, summer: Beiping had drought. Hongwu 23: Shandong had drought. Hongwu 26: a great drought prompted an edict calling for forthright remonstrance.

永樂十三年，鳳陽、蘇州、浙江、湖廣旱。十六年，陝西旱。

Yongle 13: drought afflicted Fengyang, Suzhou, Zhejiang, and Huguang. Yongle 16: Shaanxi had drought.

宣德元年夏，江西旱。湖廣夏秋旱。二年，南畿、湖廣、山東、山西、陝西、河南旱。七年，河南及大名夏秋旱。八年，南、北畿、河南、山東、山西自春徂夏不雨。九年，南畿、湖廣、江西、浙江及真定、濟南、東昌、兗州、平陽、重慶等府旱。十年，畿輔旱。

Xuande 1, summer: Jiangxi suffered drought. Xuande 1: Huguang had drought through summer and autumn. Xuande 2: drought spread across the Southern Metropolitan Region, Huguang, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan. Xuande 7: Henan and Daming had summer and autumn drought. Xuande 8: from spring into summer the southern and northern metropolitan regions plus Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi went without rain. Xuande 9: drought hit the Southern Metropolitan Region, Huguang, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and prefectures including Zhending, Jinan, Dongchang, Yanzhou, Pingyang, and Chongqing. Xuande 10: the capital region had drought.

正統二年，河南春旱。順德、兗州春夏旱。平涼等六府秋旱。三年，南畿、浙江、湖廣、江西九府旱。四年，直隸、陝西、河南及太原、平陽春夏旱。五年，江西夏秋旱。南畿、湖廣、四川府五，州衛各一，自六月不雨至於八月。六年，陝西旱。南畿、浙江、湖廣、江西府州縣十五，春夏並旱。七年，南畿、浙江、湖廣、江西府州縣衛二十餘，大旱。十年夏，湖廣旱。十一年，湖廣及重慶等府夏秋旱。十二年，南畿及山西、湖廣等府七夏旱。十三年，直隸、陝西、湖廣府州七夏秋旱。十四年六月，順天、保定、河間、真定旱。

Zhengtong 2: Henan had spring drought. Zhengtong 2: Shunde and Yanzhou suffered drought through spring and summer. Zhengtong 2: Pingliang and five other prefectures had autumn drought. Zhengtong 3: drought struck the Southern Metropolitan Region, Zhejiang, Huguang, and nine prefectures of Jiangxi. Zhengtong 4: Zhili, Shaanxi, Henan, Taiyuan, and Pingyang had spring and summer drought. Zhengtong 5: Jiangxi suffered drought through summer and autumn. Zhengtong 5: in the Southern Metropolitan Region, Huguang, five Sichuan prefectures, and one prefecture and one guard apiece elsewhere, rain failed from the sixth month through the eighth. Zhengtong 6: Shaanxi had drought. Zhengtong 6: spring and summer drought together afflicted fifteen prefectures, departments, and counties across the Southern Metropolitan Region, Zhejiang, Huguang, and Jiangxi. Zhengtong 7: a great drought gripped more than twenty prefectures, departments, counties, and guards in the Southern Metropolitan Region, Zhejiang, Huguang, and Jiangxi. Zhengtong 10, summer: Huguang had drought. Zhengtong 11: Huguang and prefectures including Chongqing suffered summer and autumn drought. Zhengtong 12, summer: drought hit the Southern Metropolitan Region and seven prefectures among Shanxi, Huguang, and elsewhere. Zhengtong 13: seven prefectures and departments in Zhili, Shaanxi, and Huguang had summer and autumn drought. Zhengtong 14, sixth month: drought at Shuntian, Baoding, Hejian, and Zhending.

成化三年，湖廣、江西及南京十一衛旱。四年，兩京春夏不雨。湖廣、江西旱。六年，直隸、山東、河南、陝西、四川府縣衛多旱。八年，京畿連月不雨，運河水涸，順德、真定、武昌俱旱。九年，彰德、衛輝、平陽旱。十三年四月，京師旱。是歲，真定、河間、長沙皆旱。十五年，京畿大旱，順德、鳳陽、徐州、濟南、河南、湖廣皆旱。十八年，兩京、湖廣、河南、陝西府十五、州二旱。山西大旱。十九年，復旱。二十年，京畿、山東、湖廣、陝西、河南、山西俱大旱。二十二年六月，陝西旱，蟲鼠食苗稼，凡九十五州縣。八月，北畿及江西三府旱。九月，溫、臺大旱，長沙諸府亦旱。

Chenghua 3: drought afflicted Huguang, Jiangxi, and eleven Nanjing guards. Chenghua 4: spring and summer passed at both capitals without rain. Chenghua 4: Huguang and Jiangxi also had drought. Chenghua 6: drought was widespread across prefectures, counties, and guards in Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, and Sichuan. Chenghua 8: months without rain in the capital region dried the Grand Canal; Shunde, Zhending, and Wuchang all suffered drought. Chenghua 9: drought at Zhangde, Weihui, and Pingyang. Chenghua 13, fourth month: drought in the capital. That same year Zhending, Hejian, and Changsha all had drought. Chenghua 15: a great drought in the capital region extended to Shunde, Fengyang, Xuzhou, Jinan, Henan, and Huguang. Chenghua 18: drought struck the two capitals, Huguang, Henan, and Shaanxi, fifteen prefectures, and two departments. Chenghua 18: Shanxi suffered a great drought. Chenghua 19: drought returned. Chenghua 20: a great drought gripped the capital region, Shandong, Huguang, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shanxi together. Chenghua 22, sixth month: Shaanxi drought brought insects and rodents that devoured seedlings and grain in ninety-five prefectures and counties. Chenghua 22, eighth month: drought in the Northern Metropolitan Region and three Jiangxi prefectures. Chenghua 22, ninth month: a great drought at Wenzhou and Taizhou; the Changsha prefectures also had drought.

正德元年，陝西三府旱。二年，貴州、山西旱。三年，江南、北旱。四年，旱，自三月至七月，陝西亦旱。七年，鳳陽、蘇、鬆、常、鎮、平陽、太原、臨、鞏旱。八年，畿輔及開封、大同、浙江六縣旱。九年，順天、河間、保定、廬、鳳、淮、揚旱。十一年，北畿及兗州、西安、大同旱。十五年，淮、揚、鳳陽州縣三十六及臨、鞏、甘州旱。十六年，兩京、山東、河南、山西、陝西自正月不雨至於六月。

Zhengde 1: three prefectures in Shaanxi had drought. Zhengde 2: Guizhou and Shanxi suffered drought. Zhengde 3: drought afflicted both Jiangnan and the north. Zhengde 4: drought from the third month through the seventh; Shaanxi was drought-stricken as well. Zhengde 7: drought at Fengyang, Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Pingyang, Taiyuan, Lintao, and Gongchang. Zhengde 8: drought in the capital region, Kaifeng, Datong, and six counties of Zhejiang. Zhengde 9: drought struck Shuntian, Hejian, Baoding, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou. Zhengde 11: the Northern Metropolitan Region plus Yanzhou, Xi'an, and Datong had drought. Zhengde 15: drought afflicted thirty-six prefectures and counties in Huai'an, Yangzhou, and Fengyang, and also Lintao, Gongchang, and Ganzhou. Zhengde 16: from the first month through the sixth the two capitals, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi went without rain.

嘉靖元年，南畿、江西、浙江、湖廣、四川、遼東旱。二年，兩京、山東、河南、湖廣、江西及嘉興、大同、成都俱旱，赤地千里，殍殣載道。三年，山東旱。五年，江左大旱。六年，北畿四府，河南、山西及鳳陽、淮安俱旱。七年，北畿、湖廣、河南、山東、山西、陝西大旱。八年，山西及臨洮、鞏昌旱。九年，應天、蘇、鬆旱。十年，陝西、山西大旱。十一年，湖廣、陝西大旱。十七年夏，兩京、山東、陝西、福建、湖廣大旱。十九年，畿內旱。二十年三月，久旱，親禱。二十三年，湖廣、江西旱。二十四年，南、北畿、山東、山西、陝西、浙江、江西、湖廣、河南俱旱。二十五年，南畿、江西旱。二十九年，北畿、山西、陝西旱。三十三年，兗州、東昌、淮安、揚州、徐州、武昌旱。三十四年，陝西五府及太原旱。三十五年夏，山東旱。三十七年，大旱，禾盡槁。三十九年，太原、延安、慶陽、西安旱。四十年，保定等六府旱。四十一年，西安等六府旱。

Jiajing 1: drought spread across the Southern Metropolitan Region, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Huguang, Sichuan, and Liaodong. Jiajing 2: the two capitals, Shandong, Henan, Huguang, Jiangxi, Jiaxing, Datong, and Chengdu all suffered drought until the land lay bare for a thousand li and corpses of the starved choked the roads. Jiajing 3: Shandong had drought. Jiajing 5: a great drought struck the lands south of the Yangtze. Jiajing 6: drought hit four Northern Metropolitan prefectures plus Henan, Shanxi, Fengyang, and Huai'an. Jiajing 7: a great drought gripped the Northern Metropolitan Region, Huguang, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Jiajing 8: Shanxi, Lintao, and Gongchang had drought. Jiajing 9: drought at Yingtian, Suzhou, and Songjiang. Jiajing 10: Shaanxi and Shanxi suffered a great drought. Jiajing 11: a great drought afflicted Huguang and Shaanxi. Jiajing 17, summer: a great drought struck the two capitals, Shandong, Shaanxi, Fujian, and Huguang. Jiajing 19: drought inside the capital region. Jiajing 20, third month: after prolonged drought the emperor prayed in person. Jiajing 23: Huguang and Jiangxi had drought. Jiajing 24: drought extended across both metropolitan regions, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, and Henan. Jiajing 25: the Southern Metropolitan Region and Jiangxi suffered drought. Jiajing 29: drought in the Northern Metropolitan Region, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Jiajing 33: drought at Yanzhou, Dongchang, Huai'an, Yangzhou, Xuzhou, and Wuchang. Jiajing 34: five prefectures in Shaanxi and Taiyuan had drought. Jiajing 35, summer: Shandong suffered drought. Jiajing 37: a great drought left every stalk of grain withered. Jiajing 39: drought at Taiyuan, Yan'an, Qingyang, and Xi'an. Jiajing 40: six prefectures including Baoding had drought. Jiajing 41: six prefectures including Xi'an suffered drought.

隆慶二年，浙江、福建、四川、陝西及淮安、鳳陽大旱。四年夏，旱，詔諸司停刑。六年夏，不雨。

Longqing 2: a great drought afflicted Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Huai'an, and Fengyang. Longqing 4, summer: drought prompted an edict ordering all agencies to suspend executions. Longqing 6, summer: rain failed.

萬曆十一年八月庚戌朔，河東鹽臣言，解池旱涸，鹽花不生。十三年四月戊午，因久旱，步禱郊壇。京師自去秋至此不雨，河井並涸。十四年三月乙巳，以久旱，命順天府祈禱。十七年，蘇、鬆連歲大旱，震澤爲平陸。浙江、湖廣、江西大旱。十八年四月，旱。二十四年，杭、嘉、湖三府旱。二十六年四月，旱。二十七年夏，旱。二十九年，畿輔、山東、山西、河南及貴州黔東諸府衛旱。三十年夏，旱。三十四年夏，亢旱。三十七年，楚、蜀、河南、山東、山西、陝西皆旱。三十八年夏，久旱。濟、青、登、萊四府大旱。三十九年夏，京師大旱。四十二年夏，不雨。四十三年三月，不雨，至於六月。山東春夏大旱，千里如焚。四十四年，陝西旱。秋冬，廣東大旱。四十五年夏，畿南亢旱。四十七年，廣西梧州旱，赤地如焚。

Wanli 11, eighth month, new moon of day gengxu: the Hedong salt commissioner reported that drought had dried the Jie Pond so that no salt crystals formed. Wanli 13, fourth month, day wuwu: after prolonged drought the court performed paced prayers at the suburban altar. Wanli 13: from the previous autumn through this date the capital had no rain and rivers and wells alike ran dry. Wanli 14, third month, day yisi: prolonged drought led to an order for Shuntian Prefecture to conduct prayers. Wanli 17: Suzhou and Songjiang suffered great drought year after year until Lake Tai lay as open plain. Wanli 17: Zhejiang, Huguang, and Jiangxi also endured a great drought. Wanli 18, fourth month: drought. Wanli 24: drought struck the prefectures of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou. Wanli 26, fourth month: drought. Wanli 27, summer: drought. Wanli 29: drought afflicted the capital region, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, and the prefectures and guards of eastern Guizhou. Wanli 30, summer: drought. Wanli 34, summer: severe drought. Wanli 37: drought struck Chu, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Wanli 38, summer: prolonged drought. Wanli 38: a great drought gripped the prefectures of Jinan, Qingzhou, Dengzhou, and Laizhou. Wanli 39, summer: the capital suffered a great drought. Wanli 42, summer: no rain fell. Wanli 43: from the third month through the sixth month there was no rain. Wanli 43: Shandong endured a spring-and-summer drought so severe that for a thousand li the countryside looked scorched. Wanli 44: Shaanxi had drought. Wanli 44, autumn and winter: Guangdong suffered a great drought. Wanli 45, summer: severe drought in the southern capital districts. Wanli 47: drought at Wuzhou in Guangxi left the earth red as if burned.

泰昌元年，遼東旱。

Taichang 1: Liaodong had drought.

天啓元年，久旱。五年，真、順、保、河四府，三伏不雨，秋復旱。七年，四川大旱。

Tianqi 1: prolonged drought. Tianqi 5: Zhending, Shuntian, Baoding, and Hejian went without rain through all three fu periods, and drought returned in autumn. Tianqi 7: Sichuan suffered a great drought.

崇禎元年夏，畿輔旱，赤地千里。三年三月，旱，擇日親禱。五年，杭、嘉、湖三府自八月至十月七旬不雨。六年，京師及江西旱。十年夏，京師及河東不雨，江西大旱。十一年，兩京及山東、山西、陝西旱。十二年，畿南、山東、河南、山西、浙江旱。十三年，兩京及登、青、萊三府旱。十四年，兩京、山東、河南、湖廣及宣、大邊地旱。十六年五月辛丑，祈禱雨澤，命臣工痛加修省。

Chongzhen 1, summer: drought in the capital region left a thousand li of scorched earth. Chongzhen 3, third month: after drought the emperor chose a day to pray in person. Chongzhen 5: Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou went seventy days without rain from the eighth through the tenth month. Chongzhen 6: drought afflicted the capital and Jiangxi. Chongzhen 10, summer: the capital and Hedong went without rain while Jiangxi endured a great drought. Chongzhen 11: drought struck both capitals, Shandong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Chongzhen 12: drought spread across the southern capital districts, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Zhejiang. Chongzhen 13: drought afflicted both capitals and the prefectures of Dengzhou, Qingzhou, and Laizhou. Chongzhen 14: drought gripped both capitals, Shandong, Henan, Huguang, and the Xuanfu–Datong frontier. Chongzhen 16, fifth month, day xinchou: the court prayed for rain and ordered the ministers to undertake severe self-reform.

▲詩妖

▲ Poetic Anomalies

正統二年，京師旱，街巷小兒爲土龍禱雨，拜而歌曰：「雨帝雨帝，城隍土地。雨若再來，還我土地。」說者謂「雨帝。」者，與弟也，帝弟同音。「城隍。」者，郕王。「再來」、「還土地。」者，復辟也。

Zhengtong 2: during a capital drought, street children fashioned clay dragons to pray for rain, bowing and chanting: "Rain Emperor, Rain Emperor, City God and Earth Lord. If rain comes again, give back our land. Commentators said that "Rain Emperor" meant "and younger brother"—the words for emperor (di) and younger brother (di) share the same sound. "City God referred to the Prince of Ying. "Come again" and "return the land" foretold restoration to the throne.

▲毛蟲之孽

▲ Calamities among Hairy Insects

弘治九年八月，有黑熊自都城蓮池緣城上西直門，官軍逐之下，不能獲。齧死一人，傷一人。十一年六月，有熊自西直門入城，郎中何孟春曰：「當備盜，亦宜慎火。宋紹興間熊抵永嘉城，州守高世則以熊字能火，戒郡中慎火，果延燒廬舍，此其兆也。」是年，城內多火災。嘉靖五年七月，南城縣有虎，具人手足。四十五年六月，太醫院吏目李乾獻兔，體備五色，以爲瑞兔。

Hongzhi 9, eighth month: a black bear from the capital lotus pond climbed the city wall toward Xizhi Gate; troops pursued it down from the wall but could not seize it. It killed one person by biting and wounded another. Hongzhi 11, sixth month: a bear entered the city through Xizhi Gate; the langzhong He Mengchun said, "Prepare against bandits and also guard against fire. During the Shaoxing reign of Song a bear had reached Yongjia; the prefect Gao Shize read the word for bear as a sign of fire and warned the commandery to guard against blaze—and dwellings did indeed catch and spread; he took this as the precedent. Hongzhi 11: that year the capital saw many fires. Jiajing 5, seventh month: at Nancheng County a tiger appeared with human hands and feet. Jiajing 45, sixth month: Li Qian, a clerk of the Imperial Medical Institute, presented a rabbit marked in all five colors, which was hailed as an auspicious rabbit.

▲犬禍

▲ Dog Portents

嘉靖二十年，民家生一犬，八足四耳四目。萬曆四十七年七月，懷寧民家產一犬，長五寸，高四寸，一頭二身八腳，狀如人。

Jiajing 20: a common household whelped a dog with eight legs, four ears, and four eyes. Wanli 47, seventh month: a household at Huaining whelped a dog five cun long and four cun high, with one head, two bodies, and eight feet in a humanlike form.

▲金異

▲ Metal Anomalies

洪武十一年正月元旦甲戌，早朝，殿上金鐘始叩，忽斷爲二。六月丁卯夜，寧夏衛風雨，兜鍪旗槊皆有火光。十二年十二月甲子，徐州衛譙樓銅壺自鳴。乙丑，復鳴。是歲，胡惟庸井中生石筍，去之，筍復旁出者三。次年，惟庸伏誅。建文二年四月乙卯，燕王營於蘇家橋，兵端火光如球，上下相擊，金鐵錚錚，弓弦自鳴。成化十三年六月壬子，雨錢於京師。正德四年三月甲寅，蓋州衛城樓鍾自鳴者三。七年，文登秦始皇廟鐘鼓自鳴。成山衛如之。嘉靖六年五月甲午，京師雨錢。隆慶六年七月七日，有物轟轟，飛至直隸華亭海濱墜於地，乃鍾也。鑄時年月具在，識者謂其來自閩云。萬曆二十一年十月甲申，山東督撫令旗及刀槍頭皆火出，且有聲。二十六年五月庚寅，古浪城樓大鐘自鳴者三。天啓六年五月丁未，京城石獅擲出城外。銀、錢、器皿飄至昌平閱武場中。崇禎六年五月癸巳，有鐵斧飛落霍山縣。八年十二月辛巳，夜四鼓，山東鎮南城樓大砲鳴如鍾，至黎明，大吼一聲乃止。十三年三月丙申，蘄州城隍廟古鐘自鳴。

Hongwu 11, first month, New Year's day jiaxu: at the dawn audience, as the palace golden bell was first struck it suddenly snapped in two. Hongwu 11, sixth month, night of day dingmao: wind and rain struck Ningxia Guard, and helmets, flags, and spears all glowed with fire. Hongwu 12, twelfth month, day jiazi: the bronze clepsydra in the watchtower at Xuzhou Guard rang of itself. Hongwu 12, day yichou: it rang again. Hongwu 12: stone bamboo shoots sprouted in Hu Weiyong's well; removed, they thrust up again from the sides on three occasions. The following year Hu Weiyong was put to death. Jianwen 2, fourth month, day yimao: as the Prince of Yan camped at Sujia Bridge, weapon-tips flared like balls of fire clashing above and below, metal rang out, and bowstrings twanged of themselves. Chenghua 13, sixth month, day renzi: coins rained down in the capital. Zhengde 4, third month, day jiayin: the bell on the Gaizhou Guard citadel rang of itself three times. Zhengde 7: the bell and drum at Wendeng's temple to the First Emperor rang of themselves. Zhengde 7: the same occurred at Chengshan Guard. Jiajing 6, fifth month, day jiawu: coins rained in the capital. Longqing 6, seventh day of the seventh month: something boomed through the air to the Huating shore in Zhili and crashed to earth—it proved to be a bell. Its casting date was fully inscribed; informed observers said it had come from Fujian. Wanli 21, tenth month, day jiashen: the signal flags and spearheads of the Shandong governor-general burst into flame with a sound. Wanli 26, fifth month, day gengyin: the great bell on the Gulang citadel rang of itself three times. Tianqi 6, fifth month, day dingwei: stone lions in the capital were cast outside the city wall. Silver, cash, and vessels drifted to the review ground at Changping. Chongzhen 6, fifth month, day guisi: an iron axe fell from the sky at Huoshan County. Chongzhen 8, twelfth month, day xinsi: at the fourth watch the great cannon on Shandong's Zhennan citadel rang like a bell until dawn, when one thunderous blast ended it. Chongzhen 13, third month, day bingchen: the ancient bell at the Qizhou City God temple rang of itself.

▲白眚白祥

▲ White Afflictions and White Omens

洪熙元年六月庚戌，中天有白氣，東西竟天。宣德元年六月癸未夜，有蒼白氣，東西竟天。八月庚辰，東南有白氣，狀如羣羊驚走。既滅，有黑氣如死蛇，頃之分爲二。弘治五年十二月辛亥夜，東方有白氣，南北亙天，去地五丈。正德元年三月戊申夜，太原空中見紅光，如彎弓，長六七尺。旋變黃，又變白，漸長至二十餘丈，光芒亙天。嘉靖七年十二月望，白氣亙天津。

Hongxi 1, sixth month, day gengxu: a white vapor in mid-heaven stretched from east to west across the entire sky. Xuande 1, sixth month, night of day guiwei: pale white vapor ran east to west across the sky. Xuande 1, eighth month, day gengchen: in the southeast white vapor took the shape of a flock of sheep stampeding. When it faded, black vapor like a dead serpent soon divided in two. Hongzhi 5, twelfth month, night of day xinhai: in the east white vapor stretched north to south across the sky, five zhang above the earth. Zhengde 1, third month, night of day wushen: over Taiyuan a red glow like a bent bow, six or seven chi long, appeared in the sky. It soon turned yellow, then white, stretching gradually to more than twenty zhang until its brilliance filled the heavens. Jiajing 7, on the full moon of the twelfth month: white vapor stretched across the Tianjin asterism.

《洪範》曰：「土爰稼穡。」稼穡不成，則土失其性矣。前史多以恆風、風霾、晦冥、花妖、蟲孽、牛禍、地震、山頹、雨毛、地生毛、年飢、黃眚黃祥皆屬之土，今從之。

The Hong Fan states: "Earth is defined as bringing forth grain and silk. When grain and silk fail to mature, Earth has forsaken its proper nature. Earlier dynastic histories grouped constant wind, wind haze, gloom, flower anomalies, insect calamities, cattle portents, earthquakes, mountain collapses, feather rain, hair growing from the ground, years of famine, and yellow afflictions and yellow auspices under the element Earth; this chapter follows that convention.

▲恆風

▲ Constant Wind

宣德六年六月，溫州颶風大作，壞公廨、祠廟、倉庫、城垣。正統四年七月，蘇、鬆、常、鎮四府大風，拔木殺稼。

Xuande 6, sixth month: a hurricane at Wenzhou wrecked government offices, temples, storehouses, and city walls. Zhengtong 4, seventh month: a great wind in Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang uprooted trees and destroyed the crops.

天順二年二月，暴風拔孝陵松樹，懿文陵殿獸脊、樑柱多摧。三年四月，順天、河間、真定、保定、廣平、濟南連日烈風，麥苗盡敗。成化十四年八月丁未，南京大風，拔太廟樹。十五年八月辛卯，大風拔孝陵木。二十一年五月，南京大風拔太廟樹，摧大祀殿及皇城各門獸吻。弘治三年六月壬午朔，陝西靖虜衛大風，天地昏暗，變爲紅光如火，久之乃息。七年三月己亥，廣寧諸衛狂風，瀋陽、錦州城僕百餘丈。正德元年六月辛酉，暴風折郊壇松柏，壞大祀殿、齋宮獸瓦。二年閏正月癸亥，盧龍、遷安大風拔樹毀屋。乙丑，大風壞奉天門右吻。三年二月己丑，大同暴風，屋瓦飛動，三日而止。九年二月丁巳，長樂大雨雹，狂風震電，屋瓦皆飛。五月戊辰，曲阜暴風毀宣聖廟獸吻。十二年四月丙辰，來賓大風雨雹，毀官民廬舍，屋瓦皆飛。十一月癸巳，南京大風雪，僕孝陵殿前樹及圍牆內外松柏。十二月己酉，大理衛大風，壞城樓。十三年三月甲寅，慶符大風雹，壞學宮。十六年十二月辛卯，甘肅行都司狂風，壞官民廬舍樹木無算。嘉靖元年七月己巳，南京暴風雨，郊社、陵寢、宮闕、城垣獸吻、脊欄皆壞，拔樹萬餘株。五年，陝西屢發大風，卷掣廟宇、民居百數十家，了無蹤跡。萬曆十八年三月甲辰，大名狂風，天色乍黑乍赤。二十六年十月癸亥，喜峯路臺西北樓內，旋風大作，黑氣沖天，樓內有火光。三十四年七月丙戌，大風拔朝日壇樹。四十一年八月乙未，青州大風拔樹，傾城屋。天啓元年三月辛亥，大風揚塵四塞。四年五月癸亥，乾清宮東丹墀旋風驟作，內官監鐵片大如屋頂者，盤旋空中，隕於西墀，鏗訇若雷。八月戊戌，薊州寒風殺人。崇禎十四年五月，南陽大風拔屋。七月乙亥，福州大風，壞官署、民舍。十五年五月，保定廣平諸縣怪風，麥禾俱傷。十六年正月丁酉，大風，五鳳樓前門閂風斷三截，建極殿榱桷俱折。

Tianshun 2, second month: a violent wind uprooted the pines of Xiaoling and broke many ridge-beasts, beams, and pillars of the Yiwen Mausoleum hall. Tianshun 3, fourth month: fierce winds day after day in Shuntian, Hejian, Zhending, Baoding, Guangping, and Jinan destroyed every wheat seedling. Chenghua 14, eighth month, day dingwei: a great wind at Nanjing uprooted trees of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Chenghua 15, eighth month, day xinmao: a great wind uprooted trees at Xiaoling. Chenghua 21, fifth month: a great wind at Nanjing uprooted Imperial Ancestral Temple trees and wrecked the Great Sacrifice Hall and the ridge-beasts on every gate of the Imperial City. Hongzhi 3, sixth month, new moon of day renwu: a great wind at Jinglao Guard in Shaanxi darkened heaven and earth, which then flared red as fire before subsiding only after a long interval. Hongzhi 7, third month, day jihai: fierce winds in the Guangning guards collapsed more than a hundred zhang of the ramparts at Shenyang and Jinzhou. Zhengde 1, sixth month, day xinyou: a violent wind snapped pines at the suburban altar and broke ridge-beast tiles on the Great Sacrifice Hall and the Fasting Palace. Zhengde 2, intercalary first month, day guihai: a great wind at Lulong and Qian'an uprooted trees and wrecked houses. Zhengde 2, day yichou: a great wind broke the right ridge-beast of Fengtian Gate. Zhengde 3, second month, day jichou: a violent wind at Datong sent roof tiles flying for three days before it ceased. Zhengde 9, second month, day dingsi: at Changle heavy rain and hail came with violent wind, thunder, and lightning, stripping every roof tile. Zhengde 9, fifth month, day wuchen: a violent wind at Qufu broke the ridge-beast of the Confucius temple. Zhengde 12, fourth month, day bingchen: at Laibin wind, rain, and hail wrecked official and private buildings and stripped the roof tiles. Zhengde 12, eleventh month, guisi: great wind and snow at Nanjing toppled the trees before the Xiaoling hall and the pine and cypress inside and outside the enclosing wall. Twelfth month, jiyou: great wind at Dali Guard damaged the gate tower. Zhengde 13, third month, jiayin: great wind and hail at Qingfu damaged the school temple. Zhengde 16, twelfth month, xinmao: fierce wind at the Gansu Branch Pacification Commission destroyed countless official and civilian dwellings and trees. Jiajing 1, seventh month, jisi: violent wind and rain at Nanjing damaged the suburban altars, mausoleums, palace halls, city walls, ridge beasts, and ridge rails and uprooted more than ten thousand trees. Jiajing 5: great wind repeatedly struck Shaanxi, tearing away temples and civilian dwellings by the hundreds and leaving no trace behind. Wanli 18, third month, jiachen: fierce wind at Daming; the sky turned now black, now red. Wanli 26, tenth month, guihai: within the northwest tower of Xifeng Route Platform a great whirlwind arose, black qi shot skyward, and fire-light appeared inside the tower. Wanli 34, seventh month, bingxu: great wind uprooted the trees of the Morning Sun Altar. Wanli 41, eighth month, yiwei: great wind at Qingzhou uprooted trees and toppled city dwellings. Tianqi 1, third month, xinhai: great wind raised dust on all four sides. Tianqi 4, fifth month, guihai: a whirlwind suddenly struck the east cinnabar terrace of the Qianqing Palace; iron sheets from the Directorate of Palace Manufactories, as large as rooftops, spiraled through the air and crashed onto the west terrace like thunder. Eighth month, wuxu: cold wind at Jizhou killed people. Chongzhen 14, fifth month: great wind at Nanyang uprooted dwellings. Seventh month, yihai: great wind at Fuzhou damaged government offices and civilian dwellings. Chongzhen 15, fifth month: strange wind at Baoding, Guangping, and other counties; wheat and grain were all damaged. Chongzhen 16, first month, dingyou: great wind broke the front gate bolt of the Five Phoenix Tower in three pieces and snapped all the rafters and eaves of the Jianji Hall.

▲風霾晦冥

▲ Wind, Haze, and Darkness

建文元年七月癸酉，燕王起兵，風雲四起，咫尺不辨人。少焉東方露青天尺許，有光燭地，洞徹上下。天順八年二月壬子，風霾晝晦。成化六年二月丁丑，開封晝晦如夜，黃霾蔽天。三月辛巳，雨霾晝晦。九年三月癸未，濟南諸府狂風晝晦，咫尺莫辨。二十一年三月戊子，大名風霾，自辰迄申，紅黃滿空，俄黑如夜。已而雨沙，數日乃止。京師自正月至三月，風霾不雨。弘治二年二月辛亥，開封晝晦如夜。三月，黃塵四塞，風霾蔽天者累日。四年八月乙卯，南京晦冥。七年三月己亥，廣寧諸衛晝晦。正德五年三月甲子，大風霾，天色晦冥者數日。十六年十一月辛酉，甘肅行都司黑風晝晦，翌日方散。嘉靖元年九月己巳，大風霾，晝晦。八年正月戊戌朔，風霾，晦如夕。二十六年七月乙丑，甘州五衛風霾晝晦，色赤復黃。二十八年三月丙申，風霾四塞，日色慘白，凡五日。三十年正月辛卯，大風揚塵蔽天，晝晦。四十年二月己酉，亦如之。四月癸巳，大風雨，黃土晝晦。四十三年三月望，異風作，赤黃霾，至二十一日乃止。隆慶二年正月元旦，大風揚沙走石，白晝晦冥，自北畿抵江、浙皆同。萬曆十七年正月乙丑，蓋州衛風霾晝晦，壞廨宇、廬舍。二十五年二月戊寅，京師風霾。二十九年四月，連日風霾。三十八年四月戊戌，崇陽風霾晝晦，至夜轉烈，損官民屋木無算。四十八年八月以前，雲南諸府時晝晦。天啓元年四月乙亥午，寧夏洪廣堡風霾大作，墜灰片如瓜子，紛紛不絕，逾時而止。日將沈，作紅黃色，外如炊煙，圍罩畝許，日光所射如火焰，夜分乃沒。四年二月辛丑，風霾晝晦，塵沙蔽天，連日不止。崇禎元年正月癸亥，永年縣晝晦，咫尺不辨人物。七年三月戊子，黃州晝晦如夜。十三年閏正月丙申，南京日色晦朦，風霾大作，細灰從空下，五步外不見一物。後四年三月丙申，風霾晝晦。

Jianwen 1, seventh month, guiyou: when the Prince of Yan raised troops, wind and clouds rose on every side until people a few feet apart could not be told apart. Before long the east showed a strip of blue sky about a foot wide; a light shone upon the ground and pierced through above and below. Tianshun 8, second month, renzi: wind-haze darkened the day. Chenghua 6, second month, dingchou: at Kaifeng the day was dark as night and yellow haze covered the sky. Third month, xinsi: rain-haze darkened the day. Chenghua 9, third month, guiwei: fierce wind darkened the day in the prefectures around Jinan until nothing could be distinguished an arm's length away. Chenghua 21, third month, wuzi: at Daming wind-haze from the chen hour through the shen hour filled the sky with red and yellow, then suddenly turned black as night. Then it rained sand; after several days it ceased. At the capital from the first month through the third month there was wind-haze but no rain. Hongzhi 2, second month, xinhai: at Kaifeng the day was dark as night. Third month: yellow dust blocked all four sides and wind-haze covered the sky for days on end. Hongzhi 4, eighth month, yimao: darkness at Nanjing. Hongzhi 7, third month, jihai: the day was dark at Guangning and the other guards. Zhengde 5, third month, jiazi: great wind-haze kept the sky dark for several days. Zhengde 16, eleventh month, xinyou: black wind at the Gansu Branch Pacification Commission darkened the day; it dispersed only the next day. Jiajing 1, ninth month, jisi: great wind-haze darkened the day. Jiajing 8, first month, new moon wuxu: wind-haze darkened the day like evening. Jiajing 26, seventh month, yichou: wind-haze at the Ganzhou Five Guards darkened the day, turning red and then yellow. Jiajing 28, third month, bingshen: wind-haze blocked all four sides and the sun showed a pallid white color for five days. Jiajing 30, first month, xinmao: great wind raised dust that covered the sky and darkened the day. Jiajing 40, second month, jiyou: the same occurred. Fourth month, guisi: great wind and rain with yellow earth darkened the day. Jiajing 43, full moon of the third month: strange wind arose with red-yellow haze that did not cease until the twenty-first day. Longqing 2, New Year's Day: great wind raised sand and drove stones until broad daylight turned dark from the Northern Metropolitan Region to Jiangsu and Zhejiang alike. Wanli 17, first month, yichou: wind-haze at Gaizhou Guard darkened the day and damaged government offices and dwellings. Wanli 25, second month, wuyin: wind-haze at the capital. Wanli 29, fourth month: wind-haze for days on end. Wanli 38, fourth month, wuxu: wind-haze at Chongyang darkened the day, turned fiercer by night, and damaged countless official and civilian dwellings and trees. Wanli 48, before the eighth month: in the prefectures of Yunnan the day was at times dark. Tianqi 1, fourth month, yihai at noon: great wind-haze at Ningxia Hongguang Fort; ash flakes like melon seeds fell in succession until, after a time, it ceased. As the sun was about to set it turned red-yellow; outside, smoke like from a cooking fire enclosed about a mu, and where sunlight struck it looked like flame; at midnight it vanished. Tianqi 4, second month, xinchou: wind-haze darkened the day as dust and sand covered the sky for days without cease. Chongzhen 1, first month, guihai: at Yongnian County the day was so dark that people and things an arm's length away could not be distinguished. Chongzhen 7, third month, wuzi: at Huangzhou the day was dark as night. Chongzhen 13, intercalary first month, bingshen: at Nanjing the sun looked dim and hazy, great wind-haze arose, and fine ash fell from the sky until nothing could be seen beyond five paces. Four years later, third month, bingshen: wind-haze darkened the day.

▲花孽

▲ Flower Anomalies

弘治十六年九月，安陸桃李華。正德元年九月，宛平棗林莊李花盛開。其冬，永嘉花盡放。六年八月，霸州桃李華。

Hongzhi 16, ninth month: at Anlu peach and plum blossomed. Zhengde 1, ninth month: at Wanping Zaolin Village plum flowers bloomed profusely. That winter at Yongjia all flowers bloomed at once. Zhengde 6, eighth month: at Bazhou peach and plum blossomed.

▲蟲孽

▲ Insect Calamities

景泰五年三月，畿南五府有蟲食桑，春蠶不育。弘治六年八月己巳，臨晉雨蟲如雪。七年三月，廣寧諸衛有黑蟲墮地，大如蠅，久之入於土。

Jingtai 5, third month: in the five prefectures south of the Metropolitan Region insects ate the mulberry and spring silkworms failed to thrive. Hongzhi 6, eighth month, jisi: at Linjin insects rained down like snow. Hongzhi 7, third month: at Guangning and the other guards black insects as large as flies fell to the ground and, after a long while, burrowed into the earth.

▲牛禍

▲ Ox Portents

正德十二年，徐州牛產犢，一頭二舌，兩尾八足。嘉靖五年七月，南陽牛產犢，一首兩身。六年十一月，漳浦有牛產犢，三目三角。十一年二月，銅仁黃牸產犢，滿身有紋，即死。十二年，山東平山衛牛犢有紋，前兩足及尾悉具鱗甲，中皆毳毛。萬曆十三年九月，光山牛產一物，火光滿地，鱗甲森然，一夕斃。三十七年五月，歷城、高苑二縣牛各產犢，雙頭三眼，兩鼻二口。三十八年三月，獲嘉牛產犢，一身兩頭，四眼四耳，兩口兩足，一尾。三十九年二月，汲縣牛產犢，一膊兩頭，兩口四眼，兩耳七蹄。四月降夷部牛產犢，人頭羊耳。四十五年八月，開州牛產犢，兩口三眼。天啓元年十月，會寧牛產異獸，遍體鱗甲，有火光。三年十月，沅陵牸生犢，一身兩頭三尾。七年三月，莒州牛產犢如麟。崇禎十三年，襄陽牛產犢，兩頭二日。

Zhengde 12: at Xuzhou an ox bore a calf with one head, two tongues, two tails, and eight feet. Jiajing 5, seventh month: at Nanyang an ox bore a calf with one head and two bodies. Jiajing 6, eleventh month: at Zhangpu an ox bore a calf with three eyes and three horns. Jiajing 11, second month: at Tongren a yellow cow bore a calf covered all over with markings; it died at once. Jiajing 12: an ox calf at Pingshan Guard in Shandong bore markings; its forefeet and tail were covered in scales with downy hair between them. Wanli 13, ninth month: at Guangshan an ox produced a creature that filled the ground with fire-light, bore dense scales, and died within a night. Wanli 37, fifth month: at Licheng and Gaoyuan each county had an ox bear a calf with two heads, three eyes, two noses, and two mouths. Wanli 38, third month: at Huojia an ox bore a calf with one body, two heads, four eyes, four ears, two mouths, two feet, and one tail. Wanli 39, second month: at Jixian an ox bore a calf with one shoulder and two heads, two mouths, four eyes, two ears, and seven hooves. Fourth month: at the Submissive Yi Department an ox bore a calf with a human head and sheep ears. Wanli 45, eighth month: at Kaizhou an ox bore a calf with two mouths and three eyes. Tianqi 1, tenth month: at Huining an ox bore a strange beast covered in scales that gave off fire-light. Tianqi 3, tenth month: at Yuanling a cow bore a calf with one body, two heads, and three tails. Tianqi 7, third month: at Juzhou an ox bore a calf like a qilin. Chongzhen 13: at Xiangyang an ox bore a calf with two heads and two suns.

▲地震

▲ Earthquakes

洪武四年正月己丑。鞏昌、臨洮、慶陽地震。五年四月戊戌，梧州府蒼梧、賀州、恭城、立山等處地震。六月癸卯，太原府陽曲縣地震。七月辛亥，又震。壬戌，京師風雨地辰。八月癸未，太原府徐溝縣西北中有聲如雷，地震凡三日。戊戌，陽曲縣地又震。九月壬戌，又震者再。十月戊寅、辛卯，復震。是年，陽曲地凡七震。自六年至十四年，復八震。八年七月戊辰，京師地震。十二月戊子，又震。十一年四月乙巳，寧夏地震，壞城垣。十三年二月甲戌，福州府、廣州府、河州地震。十九年六月辛丑，雲南地震。十一月己卯，復震，有聲。二十三年正月庚辰，山東地震。

Hongwu 4, first month, jichou. Gongchang, Lintao, and Qingyang were shaken by earthquake. Hongwu 5, fourth month, wuxu: earthquake at Cangwu, Hezhou, Gongcheng, Lishan, and other places in Wuzhou Prefecture. Sixth month, guimao: earthquake at Yangqu County in Taiyuan Prefecture. Seventh month, xinhai: it shook again. Renxu: at the capital came wind, rain, and earthquake. Eighth month, guiwei: northwest of Xugou County in Taiyuan Prefecture a sound like thunder was heard and the earth shook for three days. Wuxu: Yangqu County shook again. Ninth month, renxu: it shook twice more. Tenth month, wuyin and xinmao: it shook again. That year Yangqu was shaken seven times in all. From Hongwu 6 through Hongwu 14 it shook eight more times. Hongwu 8, seventh month, wuchen: earthquake at the capital. Twelfth month, wuzi: it shook again. Hongwu 11, fourth month, yisi: earthquake at Ningxia damaged the city walls. Hongwu 13, second month, jiaxu: earthquake at Fuzhou Prefecture, Guangzhou Prefecture, and Hezhou. Hongwu 19, sixth month, xinchou: earthquake in Yunnan. Eleventh month, jimao: it shook again with a rumbling sound. Hongwu 23, first month, gengchen: earthquake in Shandong.

建文元年三月甲午，京師地震，求直言。

Jianwen 1, third month, jiawu: earthquake at the capital; the court called for forthright remonstrance.

永樂元年十一月甲午，北京地震。山西、寧夏亦震。二年十一月癸丑，京師、濟南、開封並震，有聲。六年五月壬戌、十一年八月甲子，京師復震。十三年九月壬戌、十四年九月癸卯，京師地震。十八年六月丙午，北京地震。二十二年六月壬申，南京地震。

Yongle 1, eleventh month, day jiawu: Beijing was shaken by an earthquake. Shanxi and Ningxia were shaken as well. Yongle 2, eleventh month, day guichou: the capital, Jinan, and Kaifeng all shook together, with audible rumbling. In the fifth month of year 6, on renxu, and in the eighth month of year 11, on jiazi, the capital shook again. In the ninth month of year 13, on renxu, and in the ninth month of year 14, on guimao, the capital was shaken by earthquakes. In the sixth month of year 18, on bingwu, Beijing was shaken by an earthquake. In the sixth month of year 22, on renshen, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake.

宣德元年七月癸巳，京師地震，有聲，自東南迄西北。是歲，南京地震者九。二年春，復震者十。三年，復屢震。四年，兩京地震。五年正月壬子，南京地震。辛酉，又震。

Xuande 1, seventh month, day guisi: the capital was shaken by an earthquake, with rumbling heard from the southeast to the northwest. That year Nanjing was struck by nine earthquakes. In the spring of year 2 it shook again ten times. In year 3 it shook repeatedly once more. In year 4 both capitals were shaken by earthquakes. In the first month of year 5, on renzi, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. On xinyou it shook again.

正統三年三月己亥，京師地震。庚子，又震。甲辰，又震者再。四年六月乙未，復震。八月己亥，又震。五年十月庚午朔，蘭州、莊浪地震十日。十月、十一月屢震，壞城堡廬舍，壓死人畜。十年二月丁巳，京師地震。

Zhengtong 3, third month, day jihai: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On gengzi it shook again. On jiachen it shook twice more. In the sixth month of year 4, on yiwei, it shook again. In the eighth month, on jihai, it shook again. In the tenth month of year 5, on the gengwu new moon, Lanzhou and Zhuanglang trembled for ten days. Through the tenth and eleventh months it shook repeatedly, destroying fortresses, castles, and houses and crushing people and livestock. In the second month of year 10, on dingsi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.

景泰二年七月癸丑，京師地震。三年七月，永新珠坑村地陷十七所。是年，南京地震。五年十月庚子，京師地震，有聲，起西北迄東南。六年二月甲午，安福大雷雨。白泉陂羊塘地陷二，一深三丈，廣十餘丈，一深六尺，廣一丈有奇。

Jingtai 2, seventh month, day guichou: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the seventh month of year 3, the ground sank in seventeen places at Zhukeng Village in Yongxin. That year Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month of year 5, on gengzi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake, with rumbling from the northwest to the southeast. In the second month of year 6, on jiawu, Anfu was struck by a great thunderstorm. At Baiquanpi and Yangtang the ground collapsed in two places: one three zhang deep and more than ten zhang wide, the other six chi deep and somewhat over one zhang wide.

天順元年十月乙巳，南京地震。

Tianshun 1, tenth month, day yisi: Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake.

成化元年四月甲申，鈞州地震，二十三日乃止。三年，四川地震，凡三百七十五。五月壬申，宣府、大同地震，有聲，威遠、朔州亦震，壞墩臺牆垣，壓傷人。四年八月癸巳，京師地震，有聲。十二月戊戌，湖廣地震。五年十二月丙辰，汝寧、武昌、漢陽、岳州同日地震。六年正月丁亥，河南地震。是年，湖廣亦震。十年四月壬午，鶴慶地震。九月己巳，自寅至申，復十五震，壞廨舍民居，傷人畜。十月丁酉，靈州大沙井驛地震，有聲如雷。自後晝夜屢震，至十一月甲寅，一日十一震，城堞房屋多圮。十二年正月辛亥，南京地震。十月辛巳，京師地震。十三年正月己巳，鳳陽、臨淮地震，有聲。閏二月癸卯，臨洮、鞏昌地震，城有頹者。四月戊戌，甘肅地裂，又震，有聲。榆林、涼州亦震。寧夏大震，聲如雷。城垣崩壞者八十三處。甘州、鞏昌、榆林、涼州及沂州、郯城、滕、費、嶧等縣，同日俱震。九月甲戌，京師地三震。十四年六月，廣西太平府地震，至八月乙巳，凡七震。七月，四川鹽井衛地連震，廨宇傾覆，人畜多死。十六年八月丁巳，四川越巂衛一日七震，越數日連震。十七年二月甲寅，南京、鳳陽、廬州、淮安、揚州、和州、兗州及河南州縣，同日地震。五月戊戌，直隸薊州遵化縣地震。六月甲辰，又震，日三次。永平府及遼東寧遠衛亦三震。二十年正月庚寅，京師及永平、宣府、遼東皆震。宣府地裂，涌沙出水。天壽山、密雲、古北口、居庸關城垣墩堡多摧，人有壓死者。五月甲寅，代州地七震。九月辛巳，費縣地陷，深二尺，縱橫三丈許。二十一年二月壬申，泰安地震。三月壬午朔，復震，聲如雷，泰山動搖。後四日復微震，癸巳、乙未、庚子連震。閏四月癸未，鞏昌府、固原衛及蘭、河、洮、岷四州，地俱震，有聲。癸巳，薊州遵化縣地震，有聲，越數日復連震，城垣民居有頹僕者。五月壬戌，京師地再震。九月丙辰，廉州、梧州地震，有聲，連震者十六日。十一月丙寅，京師地震。二十二年六月壬辰，漢中府及寧羌衛地裂，或十餘丈，或六七丈。寶雞縣裂三里，闊丈餘。九月辛亥，成都地日七八震，俱有聲。次日，復震。

Chenghua 1, fourth month, day jiashen: Jun Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake that did not cease until the twenty-third day. In year 3 Sichuan was shaken by earthquakes three hundred seventy-five times in all. In the fifth month, on renshen, Xuanfu and Datong were shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling; Weiyuan and Shuozhou quaked as well, beacon towers and walls were wrecked, and people were crushed and injured. In the eighth month of year 4, on guisi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. In the twelfth month, on wuxu, Huguang was shaken by an earthquake. In the twelfth month of year 5, on bingchen, Runing, Wuchang, Hanyang, and Yue Prefecture were shaken by earthquakes on the same day. In the first month of year 6, on dinghai, Henan was shaken by an earthquake. That year Huguang quaked as well. In the fourth month of year 10, on renwu, Heqing was shaken by an earthquake. In the ninth month, on jisi, from the yin hour to the shen hour it shook fifteen more times, destroying government offices and private houses and injuring people and livestock. In the tenth month, on dingyou, Dashajing Post in Ling Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder. Thereafter it shook repeatedly day and night; by the eleventh month, on jiayin, there were eleven tremors in a single day, and many parapets, walls, and houses collapsed. In the first month of year 12, on xinhai, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month, on xinsi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the first month of year 13, on jisi, Fengyang and Linhuai were shaken by earthquakes with audible rumbling. In the intercalary second month, on guimao, Lintao and Gongchang were shaken by earthquakes, and sections of the city walls gave way. In the fourth month, on wuxu, the ground split open in Gansu, and an earthquake with audible rumbling followed. Yulin and Liangzhou quaked as well. Ningxia suffered a great earthquake whose sound was like thunder. Eighty-three sections of the city walls collapsed. Ganzhou, Gongchang, Yulin, Liangzhou, and the counties of Yizhou, Tancheng, Teng, Fei, and Yi all shook on the same day. In the ninth month, on jiaxu, the capital trembled three times. In the sixth month of year 14 Taiping Prefecture in Guangxi was shaken by earthquakes; by the eighth month, on yisi, there had been seven tremors in all. In the seventh month the ground at Yanjing Guard in Sichuan shook in succession; government buildings collapsed, and many people and livestock perished. In the eighth month of year 16, on dingsi, Yuexi Guard in Sichuan suffered seven earthquakes in one day, followed over several days by continuous tremors. In the second month of year 17, on jiayin, Nanjing, Fengyang, Luzhou, Huai'an, Yangzhou, He Prefecture, Yanzhou, and the prefectures and counties of Henan all shook on the same day. In the fifth month, on wuxu, Zunhua County in Zhili Jizhou was shaken by an earthquake. In the sixth month, on jiachen, it shook again three times that day. Yongping Prefecture and Ningyuan Guard in Liaodong also shook three times. In the first month of year 20, on gengyin, the capital together with Yongping, Xuanfu, and Liaodong all shook. At Xuanfu the ground split open, and sand and water gushed forth. At Tianshou Mountain, Miyun, Gubeikou, and Juyong Pass many city walls, parapets, and forts were destroyed, and some people were crushed to death. In the fifth month, on jiayin, the ground at Daizhou shook seven times. In the ninth month, on xinsi, the ground at Fei County sank two chi deep over an area of roughly three zhang. In the second month of year 21, on renshen, Tai'an was shaken by an earthquake. In the third month, on the renwu new moon, it shook again with a sound like thunder, and Mount Tai swayed. Four days later there was a slight tremor again; on guisi, yiwei, and gengzi it shook in succession. In the intercalary fourth month, on guimao, Gongchang Prefecture, Guyuan Guard, and the four prefectures Lan, He, Tao, and Min all shook together with audible rumbling. On guisi Zunhua County in Jizhou was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling; after several days tremors returned in succession, and sections of the city walls and private houses collapsed. In the fifth month, on renxu, the capital trembled twice. In the ninth month, on bingchen, Lian Prefecture and Wuzhou were shaken by earthquakes with audible rumbling that continued for sixteen days. In the eleventh month, on bingyin, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the sixth month of year 22, on renchen, the ground at Hanzhong Prefecture and Ningqiang Guard split open, in places more than ten zhang and in places six or seven zhang. Baoji County split open for three li, more than one zhang wide. In the ninth month, on xinhai, the ground at Chengdu shook seven or eight times in one day, each with audible rumbling. The next day it shook again.

弘治元年八月壬寅，漢、茂二州地震，僕黃頭等寨碉房三十七戶，人口有壓死者。戊申，宣府葛峪堡地陷深三尺，長百五十步，闊一丈。沙河中涌疄，高一尺，長七十步。十二月辛卯，四川地震，連三日。二年五月庚申，成都地震，連三日，有聲。三年十二月己未，京師地再震。四年六月辛亥，復三震。八月乙卯，南京地震，屋宇皆搖。淮、揚二府同日震。六年三月，寧夏地震，連三年，共二十震。四月甲辰，開封、衛輝、東昌、兗州同日地震，有聲。七年二月丁丑，曲靖地震，壞房屋，壓死軍民。是歲，兩京並六震。八年三月己亥，寧夏地震十二次，聲如雷，傾倒邊牆、墩臺、房屋，壓傷人。九月甲午至辛丑，安南衛地十二震。十月壬戌至甲子，海州九震。是歲，南京地再震。九年，兩京地震者各二次。十年正月戊午，京師、山西地震。六月乙亥，海豐地震，聲如雷，數日乃止。是歲，真定、寧夏、榆林、鎮番、靈州、太原皆震。屯留尤甚，如舟將覆，屋瓦皆落。十一年六月丙子，桂林地有聲若雷，旋陷九處，大者圍十七丈，小者七丈或三丈。十三年七月己巳，京師地震。十月戊申，兩京、鳳陽同時地震。十四年正月庚戌朔，延安、慶陽二府，同、華諸州，咸陽、長安諸縣，潼關諸衛，連日地震，有聲如雷。朝邑尤甚，頻震十七日，城垣、民舍多摧，壓死人畜甚衆。縣東地拆，水溢成河。自夏至冬，復七震。是日，陝州，永寧、盧氏二縣，平陽府安邑、榮河二縣，俱震，有聲。蒲州自是日至戊午連震。丁丑，福、興、泉、漳四府地俱震。二月乙未，蒲州地又震，至三月癸亥，凡二十九震。八月癸丑，四川可渡河巡檢司地裂而陷，涌泉數十派，沖壞橋樑、莊舍，壓死人畜甚衆。癸酉，貴州地三震。十月辛酉，南京地震。十五年九月丙戌，南京、徐州、大名、順德、濟南、東昌、兗州同日地震，壞城垣、民舍。濮州尤甚，地裂涌水，壓死百餘人。是日，開封、彰德、平陽、澤、潞亦震。十月甲子，山西應、朔、代三州，山陰、馬邑、陽曲等縣，地俱震，聲如雷。丁卯，南京地震。十六年二月庚申，南京地震。十八年六月癸亥，寧夏地震，聲如雷，城傾圮。九月癸巳，杭、嘉、紹、寧四府地震，有聲。甲午，南京及蘇、鬆、常、鎮、淮、揚、寧七府，通、和二州，同日地震。辛丑，蒲、解二州，絳、夏、平陸、榮河、聞喜、芮城、猗氏七縣地俱震，有聲。而安邑、萬全尤甚，民有壓死者。

Hongzhi 1, eighth month, day renyin: Han and Mao, the two prefectures, were shaken by an earthquake; thirty-seven stockade watchtower dwellings at Huangtou and elsewhere collapsed, and some of the inhabitants were crushed to death. On wushen the ground at Geyu Fort in Xuanfu sank three chi deep, one hundred fifty bu long, and one zhang wide. Sand and water gushed up into a mound one chi high and seventy bu long. In the twelfth month, on xinmao, Sichuan was shaken by earthquakes for three days in succession. In the fifth month of year 2, on gengshen, Chengdu was shaken by earthquakes for three days in succession with audible rumbling. In the twelfth month of year 3, on jiwei, the capital trembled twice. In the sixth month of year 4, on xinhai, it shook three more times. In the eighth month, on yimao, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake, and every house swayed. Huai'an and Yangzhou prefectures shook on the same day. In the third month of year 6 Ningxia was shaken by earthquakes; over three years there were twenty tremors in all. In the fourth month, on jiachen, Kaifeng, Weihui, Dongchang, and Yanzhou shook on the same day with audible rumbling. In the second month of year 7, on dingchou, Qujing was shaken by an earthquake that wrecked houses and crushed soldiers and civilians to death. That year each of the two capitals shook six times. In the third month of year 8, on jihai, Ningxia was shaken by twelve earthquakes whose sound was like thunder, toppling frontier walls, beacon towers, and houses and crushing and injuring people. From jiawu to xinmao in the ninth month the ground at Annan Guard shook twelve times. From renxu to jiazi in the tenth month Haizhou suffered nine earthquakes. That year the capital trembled twice. In year 9 each of the two capitals was shaken twice by earthquakes. In the first month of year 10, on wuwu, the capital and Shanxi were shaken by earthquakes. In the sixth month, on yihai, Haifeng was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder and did not cease until several days had passed. That year Zhending, Ningxia, Yulin, Zhenfan, Ling Prefecture, and Taiyuan all shook. At Tunliu the shaking was especially severe, as though a boat were about to capsize, and every roof tile fell. In the sixth month of year 11, on bingzi, the ground at Guilin roared like thunder, then sank in nine places: the largest seventeen zhang across, the smaller seven or three zhang. In the seventh month of year 13, on jisi, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month, on wushen, both capitals and Fengyang shook at the same time. In the first month of year 14, new moon on gengxu: Yan'an and Qingyang prefectures, Tong and Hua and other prefectures, Xianyang and Chang'an and other counties, and Tong Pass and other guards were shaken day after day by earthquakes that sounded like thunder. At Chaoyi the shaking was especially severe: tremors continued for seventeen days, city walls and private houses collapsed in large numbers, and a great many people and animals were killed. East of the county the earth split apart and water poured out to form a river. From summer through winter there were seven further earthquakes. On the same day Shaan Prefecture, Yongning and Lushi counties, and Anyi and Ronghe in Pingyang Prefecture all shook with audible rumbling. Pu Prefecture shook without pause from that day through wuwu. On dingchou the ground shook throughout Fu, Xing, Quan, and Zhang prefectures. In the second month, on yimao, Pu Prefecture shook again; by guihai in the third month there had been twenty-nine tremors in all. In the eighth month, on guichou, the ground at the Keduo River inspection post in Sichuan split and subsided; dozens of springs burst out, destroying bridges and homesteads and crushing a great many people and livestock. On guiyou Guizhou was shaken three times. In the tenth month, on xinyou, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. In the ninth month of year 15, on bingxu, Nanjing, Xuzhou, Daming, Shunde, Jinan, Dongchang, and Yanzhou all shook on the same day, damaging walls and houses. At Puzhou the damage was especially severe: the ground cracked, water surged up, and more than a hundred people were crushed to death. On the same day Kaifeng, Zhangde, Pingyang, Ze, and Lu shook as well. In the tenth month, on jiazi, Ying, Shuo, and Dai prefectures in Shanxi and Shanyin, Mayi, Yangqu, and other counties all trembled with thunderous rumbling. On dingmao Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. In the second month of year 16, on gengshen, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake. In the sixth month of year 18, on guihai, Ningxia was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder; the city walls collapsed. In the ninth month, on guisi, Hang, Jia, Shao, and Ning prefectures were shaken by earthquakes with audible rumbling. On jiawu Nanjing and the seven prefectures of Su, Song, Chang, Zhen, Huai, Yang, and Ning, together with Tong and He prefectures, all shook on the same day. On xinchou Pu and Jie prefectures and the seven counties of Jiang, Xia, Pinglu, Ronghe, Wenxi, Ruicheng, and Yishi all trembled with audible rumbling. At Anyi and Wanquan the shaking was especially severe, and some civilians were crushed to death.

正德元年二月癸酉至乙亥，觔陽地震者十餘，有聲如雷。四月癸丑，雲南府連日再震。木密關地震如雷凡五，壞城垣、屋舍，壓傷人。八月丁巳，萊州府鰲山衛地震，聲如雷，城垛壞，以後屢震。萊州自九月至十二月，地震四十五，俱有聲如雷。二年九月庚午，雲南府安州、新興州三日連震，搖撼民居，人有死者。四年三月甲寅，廣寧大興堡地陷，長四尺，寬三尺，深四丈餘。五月己亥夜，武昌見碧光如電者六，有聲如雷，已而地震。六年四月乙未，楚雄地三日五震，至明年五月又連震十三日。十月甲辰，大理府鄧川州、劍川州、洱海衛地震。鶴慶、劍川尤甚，壞城垣、房廨，人有壓死者。十一月戊午，京師地震。保定、河間二府及八縣三衛，山東武定州，同日皆震。霸州連三日十九震。七年五月壬子，楚雄府自是日至甲子，地連震，聲如雷。八月己巳，騰衝衛地震兩日，壞城樓、官民廨宇。赤水涌出，田禾盡沒，死傷甚衆。八年十二月戊戌，成都、重慶二府，潼川、邛二州，地俱震。九年六月甲辰，鳳陽府地震有聲。八月乙巳，京師大震。十月壬辰，敘州府，太原府代、平、榆次等十州縣，大同府應州山陰、馬邑二縣，俱地震，有聲。十年五月壬辰，雲南趙州永寧衛地震，逾月不止，有一日二三十震者。黑氣如霧，地裂水涌，壞城垣、官廨、民居不可勝計，死者數千人，傷倍之。八月丁丑，大理府地震，至九月乙未，復大震四日。十一年八月戊辰，南京地震，武昌府亦震。十二月己未，楚雄、大理二府，蒙化、景東二衛俱震。十二年四月甲子，撫州府及餘干、豐城二縣，泉州府，俱地震。浙江金鄉衛自是日至七月己丑，凡十有五震。六月戊辰，雲南新興州及通海、河西、{山習}峨諸縣地震，壞城樓、房屋，民有壓死者。九月己卯，濟、青、登、萊四府地震。是歲，泉州二月至六月，金華二月至七月，皆數震。十三年六月己巳，大理府及趙、鄧川二州，浪穹縣地震。是日，蒙化府亦震。十月甲午、十一月癸卯，又震。十四年二月丁丑，京師地震。九月丙午，昌平州、宣府、開平等衛亦震。丙辰，福、興、泉三府地震。十五年三月丙申，安寧、姚安、賓州、蒙化、鶴慶俱地震。蒙化震二日，僕城垣、廬舍，民有壓死者。八月辛酉，景東衛地震，聲如雷。搖僕城牆、廨宇，地多拆裂。乙丑，濟南、東昌、開封地震。

Zhengde 1, second month, from guiyou through yihai: Jinyang suffered more than ten earthquakes that sounded like thunder. In the fourth month, on guichou, Yunnan Prefecture shook twice in succession over several days. At Mumi Pass the ground shook like thunder five times in all, damaging walls and dwellings and injuring people. In the eighth month, on dingsi, Aoshan Guard in Laizhou Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder; the battlements were damaged, and tremors recurred thereafter. From the ninth through the twelfth month Laizhou recorded forty-five earthquakes, each with thunderous rumbling. In the ninth month of year 2, on gengwu, Anzhou and Xinxing Prefecture in Yunnan shook for three days running, rocking houses; some people were killed. In the third month of year 4, on jiayin, the ground at Daxing Fort in Guangning subsided into a pit four chi long, three chi wide, and more than four zhang deep. On the night of jihai in the fifth month, green flashes like lightning were seen six times at Wuchang, with thunderous sound, and then the earth shook. In the fourth month of year 6, on yimao, Chuxiong shook five times in three days; by the fifth month of the following year tremors had continued for thirteen days more. In the tenth month, on jiachen, Dengchuan and Jianchuan prefectures and Erhai Guard in Dali Prefecture were shaken by earthquakes. At Heqing and Jianchuan the damage was especially severe: walls and government buildings collapsed, and some people were crushed to death. In the eleventh month, on wuwu, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Baoding and Hejian prefectures, eight counties and three guards, and Wuding Prefecture in Shandong all shook on the same day. Over three days Bazhou suffered nineteen earthquakes. In the fifth month of year 7, from renzi through jiazi, Chuxiong Prefecture shook without pause, with thunderous rumbling. In the eighth month, on jisi, Tengchong Guard shook for two days, destroying gate towers and government and private buildings. Red water burst out; crops were wholly inundated; casualties were very heavy. In the twelfth month of year 8, on wuxu, Chengdu and Chongqing prefectures and Tongchuan and Qiong prefectures all shook. In the sixth month of year 9, on jiachen, Fengyang Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. In the eighth month, on yisi, the capital was shaken by a major earthquake. In the tenth month, on renchen, Xuzhou Prefecture; Dai, Ping, Yuci, and nine other prefectures and counties in Taiyuan; and Shanyin and Mayi in Ying Prefecture, Datong, all trembled with audible rumbling. In the fifth month of year 10, on renchen, Yongning Guard in Zhao Prefecture, Yunnan, shook and did not cease for more than a month; on some days there were twenty or thirty tremors. Black vapor like fog spread; the earth cracked and water surged; walls, yamens, and houses were destroyed beyond count; several thousand died and the wounded were twice that number. In the eighth month, on dingchou, Dali Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake; by yimao in the ninth month it shook violently again for four days. In the eighth month of year 11, on wuchen, Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake, and Wuchang Prefecture shook as well. In the twelfth month, on jiwei, Chuxiong and Dali prefectures and Menghua and Jingdong guards all shook. In the fourth month of year 12, on jiazi, Fuzhou Prefecture, Yugan and Fengcheng counties, and Quanzhou Prefecture all trembled. At Jinxiang Guard in Zhejiang, from that day through jichou in the seventh month, there were fifteen earthquakes in all. In the sixth month, on wuchen, Xinxing Prefecture in Yunnan and Tonghai, Hexi, Xi'e, and other counties were shaken by earthquakes that damaged gate towers and houses; some civilians were crushed to death. In the ninth month, on jimao, Ji, Qing, Deng, and Lai prefectures were shaken by earthquakes. That year Quanzhou shook repeatedly from the second through the sixth month, and Jinhua from the second through the seventh. In the sixth month of year 13, on jisi, Dali Prefecture, Zhao and Dengchuan prefectures, and Langqiong County were shaken by earthquakes. On the same day Menghua Prefecture shook as well. On jiawu in the tenth month and guimao in the eleventh month it shook again. In the second month of year 14, on dingchou, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the ninth month, on bingwu, Changping Prefecture, Xuanfu, and Kaiping and other guards shook as well. On bingchen Fu, Xing, and Quan prefectures were shaken by earthquakes. In the third month of year 15, on bingshen, Anning, Yao'an, Bin Prefecture, Menghua, and Heqing all shook. At Menghua tremors lasted two days; walls and houses collapsed, and some civilians were crushed to death. In the eighth month, on xinyou, Jingdong Guard was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder. Walls and government buildings were rocked and ruined, and the ground cracked open in many places. On yichou Jinan, Dongchang, and Kaifeng were shaken by earthquakes.

嘉靖二年正月，南京、鳳陽、山東、河南、陝西地震。七月壬申，浙江定海諸衛地震，城堞盡毀。三年正月丙寅朔，兩畿、河南、山東、陝西同時地震。二月辛亥，蘇、常、鎮三府地震。是年，南京震者再。四年八月癸卯，徐州、鳳陽一衛三州縣及懷慶、開封二府俱地震，聲如雷。九月壬申，鳳陽、徐州及開封二縣復震。五年四月癸亥，永昌、騰衝、騰越同日地震。貴州安南衛地震，聲如雷。壞城垣。壬申，復震。六年十月戊辰，京師地震。十二年八月丁酉，京師地震。十五年十月庚寅，京師地震。順天、永平、保定、萬全都司各衛所，俱震，聲如雷。十六年九月癸酉，雲南地震。十八年七月庚寅，楚雄、臨安、廣西地震。十九年四月庚午，洮州、甘肅俱震。二十一年九月甲戌，平陽、固原、寧夏、洮州同日地震，有聲。十一月丁巳，鞏昌、固原、西安、鳳翔地震。二十二年三月乙巳，太原地震，有聲，凡十日。明年三月，復如之。四月庚辰，福、興、泉、漳四府地震。二十三年三月朔，太原地震有聲者十日。二十七年七月戊寅，京師地震，順天、保定二府俱震。八月癸丑，京師復震，登州府及廣寧衛亦震。三十年九月乙未，京師地震，有聲。三十一年二月癸亥，鳳陽府地震，有聲。三月丙戌，山西地震，有聲。三十四年十二月壬寅，山西、陝西、河南同時地震，聲如雷。渭南、華州、朝邑、三原、蒲州等處尤甚。或地裂泉涌，中有魚物，或城郭房屋，陷入地中，或平地突成山阜，或一日數震，或累日震不止。河、渭大泛，華嶽、終南山鳴，河清數日。官吏、軍民壓死八十三萬有奇。三十七年正月庚申，陝西地震。三月丁丑，昌平州地震。五月丁卯，蒲州地連震三日，聲如雷。六月甲申，又震。十月丙午，華州地震，聲如雷。至壬子又震，戊午復大震，傾陷廬舍甚多。三十八年七月辛巳，南京地震，有聲。三十九年四月，嘉興、湖州地震，屋廬搖動如帆。河水撞激，魚皆躍起。四十年二月戊戌，甘肅山丹衛地震，有聲，壞城堡廬舍。六月壬申，太原、大同、榆林地震，寧夏、固原尤甚。城垣、墩臺、府屋皆摧，地涌黑黃沙水，壓死軍民無算，壞廣武、紅寺等城。四十一年正月丙申，京師地震。是歲，寧夏地震，圮邊牆。四十五年正月癸巳，福建福、興、泉三府同日地震。

Jiajing 2, first month: earthquakes struck Nanjing, Fengyang, Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi. In the seventh month, on renshen, Dinghai and other guards in Zhejiang were shaken by earthquakes that destroyed every battlement. In the first month of year 3, new moon on bingyin, both capitals together with Henan, Shandong, and Shaanxi shook at once. In the second month, on xinhai, Su, Chang, and Zhen prefectures were shaken by earthquakes. That year Nanjing trembled twice. In the eighth month of year 4, on guimao, Xuzhou; one guard and three prefectures and counties in Fengyang; and Huaiqing and Kaifeng prefectures all shook with thunderous rumbling. In the ninth month, on renshen, Fengyang, Xuzhou, and two counties in Kaifeng shook again. In the fourth month of year 5, on guihai, Yongchang, Tengchong, and Tengyue all shook on the same day. At Annan Guard in Guizhou the ground shook with thunderous rumbling. City walls were damaged. On renshen it shook again. In the tenth month of year 6, on wuchen, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the eighth month of year 12, on dingyou, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month of year 15, on gengyin, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Shuntian, Yongping, Baoding, and every guard and station of the Wanquan command all trembled with thunderous rumbling. In the ninth month of year 16, on guiyou, Yunnan was shaken by an earthquake. In the seventh month of year 18, on gengyin, Chuxiong, Lin'an, and Guangxi were shaken by earthquakes. In the fourth month of year 19, on gengwu, Tao and Gansu both shook. In the ninth month of year 21, on jiaxu, Pingyang, Guyuan, Ningxia, and Tao all shook on the same day with audible rumbling. In the eleventh month, on dingsi, Gongchang, Guyuan, Xi'an, and Fengxiang were shaken by earthquakes. In the third month of year 22, on yisi, Taiyuan was shaken by earthquakes with audible rumbling for ten days in all. In the third month of the following year it was the same again. In the fourth month, on gengchen, Fu, Xing, Quan, and Zhang prefectures were shaken by earthquakes. On the new moon of the third month of year 23, Taiyuan shook for ten days with audible rumbling. In the seventh month of year 27, on wuyin, the capital was shaken by an earthquake, and Shuntian and Baoding prefectures shook as well. In the eighth month, on guichou, the capital trembled again, and Dengzhou Prefecture and Guangning Guard shook too. In the ninth month of year 30, on yiwei, the capital was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. In the second month of year 31, on guihai, Fengyang Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. In the third month, on bingxu, Shanxi was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. In the twelfth month of year 34, on renyin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan all shook at once with thunderous rumbling. Weinan, Huazhou, Chaoyi, Sanyuan, Puzhou, and other districts suffered especially severe damage. In some places the earth cracked and springs burst out bearing fish and other creatures; elsewhere walls and dwellings sank into the ground; level ground in places thrust up into hillocks; some locales shook several times in a single day, and others trembled for days on end. The Yellow and Wei rivers rose in great flood; Mount Hua and the Qinling peaks boomed; and the rivers ran clear for several days. Officials, troops, and civilians crushed to death exceeded eight hundred thirty thousand. In the first month of year 37, on gengshen, Shaanxi was shaken by an earthquake. In the third month, on dingchou, Changping Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake. Jiajing 37, fifth month, dingmao: the ground at Puzhou shook continuously for three days with a sound like thunder. Jiajing 37, sixth month, jiashen: it shook again. Jiajing 37, tenth month, bingwu: Huazhou was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder. By renzi it shook again; on wuwu there was another great earthquake at Huazhou, and very many dwellings collapsed and sank. Jiajing 38, seventh month, xinsi: Nanjing was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. Jiajing 39, fourth month: earthquakes at Jiaxing and Huzhou made houses sway like sails. The river water struck and surged, and the fish all leapt up. Jiajing 40, second month, wuxu: an earthquake with audible rumbling at Gansu Shandan Guard damaged castles and dwellings. In the sixth month, on renshen, Taiyuan, Datong, and Yulin were shaken by earthquakes; Ningxia and Guyuan suffered especially severely. City walls, signal towers, and government buildings were all destroyed; black and yellow sand and water gushed from the ground; soldiers and civilians were crushed to death beyond count; and Guangwu, Hongsi, and other cities were wrecked. Jiajing 41, first month, bingshen: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. That year Ningxia was shaken by an earthquake and the border walls collapsed. Jiajing 45, first month, guisi: in Fujian the three prefectures of Fu, Xing, and Quan all shook on the same day.

隆慶二年三月甲寅，陝西慶陽、西安、漢中、寧夏，山西蒲州、安邑，湖廣鄖陽及河南十五州縣，同日地震。戊寅，京師地震。是日，山東登州、四川順義等縣同日震。樂亭地裂三丈餘者二，黑沙水涌出。寧遠城崩。四月癸未，懷慶、南陽、汝寧、寧夏同日地震。乙酉，鳳翔、平涼、西安、慶陽地震，壞城傷人。七月辛酉，陵川地裂三十餘步。三年十一月庚辰，京師地震。四年四月戊戌，京師地震。五年二月丙午，廣西靖江王府及宗室所居、布政司官署，俱地陷。六月辛卯朔，京師地震者三。

Longqing 2, third month, jiayin: Qingyang, Xi'an, Hanzhong, and Ningxia in Shaanxi; Puzhou and Anyi in Shanxi; Yunyang in Huguang; and fifteen prefectures and counties in Henan all shook on the same day. Longqing 2, wuyin: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. That day Dengzhou in Shandong and Shunyi and other counties in Sichuan shook as well. At Leting the ground split open in two places of more than three zhang each, and black sand and water gushed forth. Ningyuan city collapsed. In the fourth month, on guiwei, Huaqing, Nanyang, Runing, and Ningxia all shook on the same day. On yiyou Fengxiang, Pingliang, Xi'an, and Qingyang were shaken by earthquakes that damaged cities and injured people. In the seventh month, on xinyou, the ground at Lingchuan split open for more than thirty bu. Longqing 3, eleventh month, gengchen: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Longqing 4, fourth month, wuxu: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Longqing 5, second month, bingwu: at the Jingjiang princely establishment in Guangxi, the residences of the imperial clan, and the offices of the provincial administration commission, the ground all sank. Longqing 5, sixth month, xinmao new moon: the capital was shaken by earthquakes three times.

萬曆元年八月戊申，荊州地震，至丙寅方止。二年二月癸亥，長汀地震，裂成坑，陷沒民居。三年二月甲戌，湖廣、江西地震。五月戊戌朔，襄陽、鄖陽及南陽府屬地震三日。己亥，信陽亦震。六月戊子，福、汀、漳等府及廣東之海陽縣俱地震。九月戊午，京師地震。十月丁卯，又震。己卯，岷州衛地震。己丑至壬午，連百餘震。四年二月庚辰，薊、遼地震。辛巳，又震。五年二月辛巳，騰越地二十餘震，次日復震。山崩水涌，壞廟廡、倉舍千餘間，民居圮者十之七，壓死軍民甚衆。六年二月辛卯，臨桂村田中青煙直上，隨裂地丈餘，鼓聲轟轟，民居及大樹石皆陷。七年七月戊午，京師地震。八年五月壬午，遵化數震，七日乃止。七月甲午，井坪路地大震，摧城垣數百丈。九年四月己酉，蔚州地震，聲如雷。房屋震裂。大同鎮堡各州縣，同時地震，有聲。十一年二月戊子，承天府地震。十二年二月丁卯，京師地震。五月甲午，又震。十三年二月丁未，淮安、揚州、廬州及上元、江寧、江浦、六合俱地震。江濤沸騰。三月戊寅，山西山陰縣地震，旬有五日乃止。八月己酉，京師地震。十四年四月癸酉，又震。十五年三月壬辰，開封府屬地震者三，彰德、衛輝、懷慶同日震。五月，山西地震。十六年六月庚申，京師地再震。十七年七月己未，杭州、溫州、紹興地震。十八年六月丙子，甘肅臨洮地震，壞城郭、廬舍，壓死人畜無算。八月，福建地屢震。十九年閏三月己巳，昌平州地震。十月戊戌，山丹衛地震，壞城垣。二十三年五月丁酉，京師地震。十二月癸亥，陝西地震，聲若雷。二十四年十一月，福建地震。二十五年正月壬辰朔，四川地震三日。八月己卯，遼陽、廣寧諸衛地震，涌水三日。甲申，京師地震，宣府、薊鎮等處俱震。十二月乙酉，京師地震。二十六年正月丁亥朔，寧夏地震。次日，長樂地陷五丈。八月丁丑，京師地震，有聲。二十七年七月辛未，承天、沔陽、岳州地震。二十八年二月戊寅，京師地震，自艮方西南行，如是者再。三十一年四月丙午，承天府鍾祥縣地震，房屋摧裂。五月戊寅，京師地震。三十二年閏九月庚辰，鞏昌及醴泉地一日十餘震，城郭民居並摧。白陽、吳泉界地裂三丈，溢出黑水，搏激丈餘。三十三年五月辛丑，陸川地震，有聲，壞城垣、府屋，壓死男婦無算。六月庚午，靈川社壇有聲，陷地十餘丈，深丈餘。九月丙申，京師地震者再，自東北向西南行。三十四年六月丙辰，陝西地震。三十五年七月乙卯，松潘、茂州、汶川地震數日。三十六年二月戊辰，京師地震。七月丁酉，又震。三十七年六月辛酉，甘肅地震，紅崖、清水諸堡壓死軍民八百四十餘人，圮邊墩八百七十里，裂東關地。四十年二月乙亥，雲南大理、武定、曲靖地大震，次日又震。緬甸亦震。五月戊戌，雲南大理、曲靖復大震，壞房屋。四十二年九月庚午，山西、河南地震。四十三年二月己卯，揚州地震。狼山寺殿壞塔傾。八月乙亥，楚雄地震如雷，人民驚殞。十月辛酉，京師地震。四十五年五月甲戌，鳳陽府地震。乙亥，復震。八月，濟南地裂者二。四十六年六月壬午，京師地震。九月乙卯，京師地再震，畿輔、山西州縣一十有七及紫荊關，馬水、沿河二口，偏頭、神池同日皆震。四十八年二月庚戌，雲南及肇慶、惠州、荊州、襄陽、承天、沔陽、京山皆地震。

Wanli 1, eighth month, wushen: Jingzhou was shaken by an earthquake that did not cease until bingyin. Wanli 2, second month, guihai: an earthquake at Changting split the ground into pits and buried dwellings. Wanli 3, second month, jiaxu: Huguang and Jiangxi were shaken by earthquakes. On the wuxu new moon of the fifth month Xiangyang, Yunyang, and the subordinate prefectures of Nanyang were shaken by earthquakes for three days. On jihai Xinyang shook as well. In the sixth month, on wuzi, the prefectures of Fu, Ting, and Zhang and Haiyang County in Guangdong all shook. In the ninth month, on wuwu, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month, on dingmao, it shook again. On jimao Minzhou Guard was shaken by an earthquake. From jichou to renwu there were more than a hundred earthquakes in succession. Wanli 4, second month, gengchen: Ji and Liao were shaken by earthquakes. On xinsi it shook again. Wanli 5, second month, xinsi: the ground at Tengyue quaked more than twenty times, and the next day it shook again. Mountains collapsed and water surged; more than a thousand temple halls and granaries were wrecked; seven-tenths of civilian dwellings collapsed; and very many soldiers and civilians were crushed to death. Wanli 6, second month, xinmao: in a field at Lingui Village blue smoke shot straight up; presently the ground split open more than a zhang with booming drumlike sounds, and dwellings, great trees, and rocks all sank. Wanli 7, seventh month, wuwu: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 8, fifth month, renwu: Zunhua suffered several earthquakes that did not cease until seven days had passed. In the seventh month, on jiawu, the ground at Jingping Route was violently shaken, destroying several hundred zhang of city wall. Wanli 9, fourth month, jiyou: Yu Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder. Houses cracked from the shaking. The various prefectures and counties of Datong garrison also shook at the same time, with audible rumbling. Wanli 11, second month, wuzi: Cheng Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 12, second month, dingmao: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the fifth month, on jiawu, it shook again. Wanli 13, second month, dingwei: Huai'an, Yangzhou, Luzhou, Shangyuan, Jiangning, Jiangpu, and Liuhe all shook. River waves seethed and boiled. In the third month, on wuyin, an earthquake at Shanyin County in Shanxi did not cease until fifteen days had passed. In the eighth month, on jiyou, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 14, fourth month, guiyou: it shook again. Wanli 15, third month, renchen: the subordinate prefectures of Kaifeng were shaken by earthquakes three times; Zhangde, Weihui, and Huaqing all shook on the same day. In the fifth month Shanxi was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 16, sixth month, gengshen: the capital trembled twice. Wanli 17, seventh month, jiwei: Hangzhou, Wenzhou, and Shaoxing were shaken by earthquakes. Wanli 18, sixth month, bingzi: an earthquake at Gansu Lintao damaged city walls and dwellings and crushed people and livestock beyond count. In the eighth month the ground in Fujian quaked repeatedly. Wanli 19, intercalary third month, jisi: Changping Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake. In the tenth month, on wuxu, Shandan Guard was shaken by an earthquake and its city walls were damaged. Wanli 23, fifth month, dingyou: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the twelfth month, on guihai, Shaanxi was shaken by an earthquake that sounded like thunder. Wanli 24, eleventh month: Fujian was shaken by an earthquake. On the renchen new moon of the first month of Wanli 25 Sichuan was shaken by earthquakes for three days. In the eighth month, on jimao, the guards of Liaoyang and Guangning were shaken by earthquakes, and water gushed forth for three days. On jiashen the capital was shaken by an earthquake; Xuanfu, Jizhen, and other places all shook. In the twelfth month, on yiyou, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. On the dinghai new moon of the first month of Wanli 26 Ningxia was shaken by an earthquake. The next day the ground at Changle sank five zhang. In the eighth month, on dingchou, the capital was shaken by an earthquake with audible rumbling. Wanli 27, seventh month, xinwei: Cheng, Mianyang, and Yuezhou were shaken by earthquakes. Wanli 28, second month, wuyin: the capital was shaken by an earthquake that traveled from the northeast toward the southwest, and did so twice. Wanli 31, fourth month, bingwu: an earthquake at Zhongxiang County in Cheng Prefecture shattered and cracked houses. In the fifth month, on wuyin, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 32, intercalary ninth month, gengchen: at Gongchang and Liquan the ground shook more than ten times in one day, destroying city walls and civilian dwellings. At the border of Baiyang and Wuquan the ground split open three zhang; black water overflowed and surged more than a zhang high. Wanli 33, fifth month, xinchou: an earthquake with audible rumbling at Luchuan damaged city walls and government buildings and crushed men and women beyond count. In the sixth month, on gengwu, there was sound at the Lingchuan community altar, and the ground sank more than ten zhang across and one zhang deep. In the ninth month, on bingshen, the capital was shaken by earthquakes twice, traveling from the northeast toward the southwest. Wanli 34, sixth month, bingchen: Shaanxi was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 35, seventh month, yimao: Songpan, Maozhou, and Wenchuan shook for several days. Wanli 36, second month, wuchen: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the seventh month, on dingyou, it shook again. Wanli 37, sixth month, xinyou: an earthquake in Gansu crushed eight hundred forty-odd soldiers and civilians at Hongya, Qingshui, and other forts, collapsed eight hundred seventy li of border signal towers, and split open the ground at Dongguan. Wanli 40, second month, yihai: a great earthquake struck Dali, Wuding, and Qujing in Yunnan, and the next day it shook again. Burma shook as well. In the fifth month, on wuxu, Dali and Qujing in Yunnan suffered another great earthquake that damaged houses. Wanli 42, ninth month, gengwu: Shanxi and Henan were shaken by earthquakes. Wanli 43, second month, jimao: Yangzhou was shaken by an earthquake. The halls of Langshan Temple were wrecked and the pagoda toppled. In the eighth month, on yihai, Chuxiong was shaken by an earthquake like thunder, and the people were terrified and many died. In the tenth month, on xinyou, the capital was shaken by an earthquake. Wanli 45, fifth month, jiaxu: Fengyang Prefecture was shaken by an earthquake. On yihai it shook again. In the eighth month the ground at Jinan split open in two places. Wanli 46, sixth month, renwu: the capital was shaken by an earthquake. In the ninth month, on yimao, the capital trembled twice; seventeen prefectures and counties of the metropolitan region and Shanxi, together with Zijing Pass, the two passes of Mashui and Yanhe, and Piantou and Shenchi, all shook on the same day. Wanli 48, second month, gengxu: Yunnan and Zhaoqing, Huizhou, Jingzhou, Xiangyang, Cheng, Mianyang, and Jingshan all shook.

天啓元年四月癸丑，延綏孤山城陷三十五丈，入地二丈七尺。二年二月癸酉，濟南、東昌、河南、海寧地震。三月癸卯，濟南、東昌屬縣八，連震三日，壞民居無數。九月甲寅，平涼、隆德諸縣，鎮戎、平虜諸所，馬剛、雙峯諸堡，地震如翻，壞城垣七千九百餘丈，屋宇萬一千八百餘區，壓死男婦萬二千餘口。十一月癸卯，陝西地震。三年四月庚申朔，京師地震。十月乙亥，復震。閏十月乙卯，雲南地震。十二月丁未，南畿六府二州俱地震，揚州府尤甚。是月戊戌，京師地又震。四年二月丁酉，薊州、永平、山海地屢震，壞城郭廬舍。甲寅，樂亭地裂，涌黑水，高尺餘。京師地震，宮殿動搖有聲，銅缸之水，騰波震盪。三月丙辰、戊午，又震。庚申，又震者三。六月丁亥，保定地震，壞城郭，傷人畜。八月己酉，陝西地震。十二月癸卯，南京地震。六年六月丙子，京師地震。濟南、東昌及河南一州六縣同日震。天津三衛、宣府、大同俱數十震，死傷慘甚。山西靈丘晝夜數震，月餘方止。城郭、廬舍並摧，壓死人民無算。七月辛未，河南地震。九月甲戌，福建地震。十二月戊辰，寧夏石空寺堡地大震。礌山石殿傾倒，壓死僧人。是年，南京地亦震。七年，寧夏各衛營屯堡，自正月己巳至二月己亥，凡百餘震，大如雷，小如鼓如風，城垣、房屋、邊牆、墩臺悉圮。十月癸丑，南京地震，自西北迄東南，隆隆有聲。

Tianqi 1, fourth month, guichou: at Gushan walled city in Yansui the ground sank thirty-five zhang, subsiding two zhang seven chi into the earth. Tianqi 2, second month, guiyou: Jinan, Dongchang, Henan, and Haining were shaken by earthquakes. Third month, guimao: eight counties under Jinan and Dongchang shook continuously for three days, wrecking countless dwellings. Ninth month, jiayin: at Pingliang, Longde, and other counties; Zhenrong, Pinglu, and other posts; and Magang, Shuangfeng, and other forts the earth shook as if overturned, ruining more than seven thousand nine hundred zhang of city walls, more than eleven thousand eight hundred buildings, and crushing more than twelve thousand men and women to death. Eleventh month, guimao: earthquake in Shaanxi. Tianqi 3, fourth month, gengshen new moon: earthquake at the capital. Tenth month, yihai: it shook again. Intercalary tenth month, yimao: earthquake in Yunnan. Twelfth month, dingwei: six prefectures and two departments of the Southern Metropolitan Region all shook; Yangzhou Prefecture especially severely. That month, wuxu: the capital trembled again. Tianqi 4, second month, dingyou: the lands of Jizhou, Yongping, and Shanhaiguan shook repeatedly, ruining city walls and houses. Jiayin: at Leting the ground split open and black water gushed forth more than a chi high. The capital was shaken by an earthquake; palace halls swayed audibly, and water in the bronze vats surged in waves. Third month, bingchen and wuwu: it shook again. Gengshen: it shook three more times. Sixth month, dinghai: an earthquake at Baoding ruined the city walls and injured people and livestock. Eighth month, jiyou: earthquake in Shaanxi. Twelfth month, guimao: earthquake at Nanjing. Tianqi 6, sixth month, bingzi: earthquake at the capital. Jinan, Dongchang, and one department and six counties in Henan shook on the same day. Tianjin's three guards, Xuanfu, and Datong each suffered dozens of earthquakes, with severe casualties. Lingqiu in Shanxi shook dozens of times day and night and did not cease until more than a month had passed. City walls and dwellings were all destroyed, and the people crushed to death were beyond counting. Seventh month, xinwei: earthquake in Henan. Ninth month, jiaxu: earthquake in Fujian. Twelfth month, wuchen: a great earthquake at Shikongsi Fort in Ningxia. The stone hall at Leishan collapsed, crushing monks to death. That year the ground at Nanjing also shook. Tianqi 7: at Ningxia's guards, camps, and garrison forts, from jisi in the first month to jihai in the second month there were more than a hundred earthquakes—large ones like thunder, small ones like drums or wind—and city walls, houses, frontier walls, and beacon platforms were all ruined. Tenth month, guichou: an earthquake at Nanjing, with rumbling from the northwest to the southeast.

崇禎元年九月丁卯，京師地震。三年九月戊戌，南京地震。四年六月乙丑，臨洮、鞏昌地震，壞廬舍，損民畜。五年四月丁酉，南京、四川地震。十月丁卯，山西地震。十一月甲寅，雲南地震。六年正月丁巳，鎮江地裂數丈。七月戊戌，陝西地震。八年冬，山西地震。九年三月戊辰，福建地震。七月丁未，清江城陷。十年正月丙午，南京地震。七月壬午，雲南地震。十月乙卯，四川地震。十二月，陝西西安及海剌同時地震，數月不止。十一年九月壬戌，遼東地震。十二年二月癸巳，京師地震。十三年十一月戊子，南京地震。十四年三月戊寅，福建地震。四月丙寅，湖廣地震。五月戊子，甘肅地震。六月丙午，福建地震。九月甲午，四川地震。十五年五月丙戌，兩廣地震。七月甲申，山西地震。十六年九月，鳳陽地屢震。十一月丙申，山東地震。明年正月庚寅朔，鳳陽地震。乙卯，南京地震。三月辛卯，廣東地震。

Chongzhen 1, ninth month, dingmao: earthquake at the capital. Chongzhen 3, ninth month, wuxu: earthquake at Nanjing. Chongzhen 4, sixth month, chou: an earthquake at Lintao and Gongchang ruined dwellings and damaged livestock. Chongzhen 5, fourth month, dingyou: earthquakes at Nanjing and in Sichuan. Tenth month, dingmao: earthquake in Shanxi. Eleventh month, jiayin: earthquake in Yunnan. Chongzhen 6, first month, dingsi: the ground at Zhenjiang split open several zhang. Seventh month, wuxu: earthquake in Shaanxi. Chongzhen 8, winter: earthquake in Shanxi. Chongzhen 9, third month, wuchen: earthquake in Fujian. Seventh month, dingwei: Qingjiang city sank. Chongzhen 10, first month, bingwu: earthquake at Nanjing. Seventh month, renwu: earthquake in Yunnan. Tenth month, yimao: earthquake in Sichuan. Twelfth month: Xi'an in Shaanxi and Haira shook at the same time and did not cease for months. Chongzhen 11, ninth month, renxu: earthquake in Liaodong. Chongzhen 12, second month, guisi: earthquake at the capital. Chongzhen 13, eleventh month, wuzi: earthquake at Nanjing. Chongzhen 14, third month, wuyin: earthquake in Fujian. Fourth month, bingyin: earthquake in Huguang. Fifth month, wuzi: earthquake in Gansu. Sixth month, bingwu: earthquake in Fujian. Ninth month, jiawu: earthquake in Sichuan. Chongzhen 15, fifth month, bingxu: earthquake in Guangdong and Guangxi. Seventh month, jiashen: earthquake in Shanxi. Chongzhen 16, ninth month: the ground at Fengyang shook repeatedly. Eleventh month, bingshen: earthquake in Shandong. The following year, first month, gengyin new moon: earthquake at Fengyang. Yimao: earthquake at Nanjing. Third month, xinmao: earthquake in Guangdong.

▲山頹

▲ Mountain Collapse

洪武六年正月壬戌夜，伏羌高山崩。正統八年十一月，浙江紹興山移於平田。是歲，陝西二處山崩。十三年，陝西夏秋霪雨，通渭、平涼、華亭三縣山傾，軍民壓死者八十餘口。天順四年十月，星子山裂。成化八年七月，隴州北山吼三日，裂成溝，長半里，尋復合。十六年四月壬子，巨津州金沙江北岸白石雪山斷裂里許，兩岸山合，山上草木如故。下塞江流，禾黍盡沒。久之其下漸開，水始泄。六月，長樂平地出小阜，人畜踐之輒陷。明年，復涌一高山。十七年十二月辛丑，壽陽縣城南山崩，聲如牛吼。弘治三年六月乙巳，河州山崩地陷。九年六月庚寅，山陰、蕭山二縣同日大雨山崩。十四年閏七月，烏撒軍民府大雨山崩。十五年八月戊申，宣府合河口石山崩。十八年六月丙子，河州沙子溝夜大雷雨，石岸山崩，移七八里，崩處裂爲溝，田廬民畜俱陷。正德元年十二月癸亥，即墨三表山石崩。四年三月甲寅，遼東東山大家峪山崩二處，約丈餘。五年六月癸巳，秦州山崩，傷室廬、禾稼甚衆。龍王溝口山亦崩。六年七月丙寅，夔州麞子溪驟雨，山崩。十三年五月癸亥，雲南黑鹽井山崩，井塞。十五年八月丁丑，雲南趙州大雨，山崩。嘉靖四年七月乙酉，清源賈家山崩。五年四月壬申，貴州歹蘇屯山崩。十九年十二月己巳，峨眉宋皇觀山鳴，震裂，涌泉水八日。二十一年六月乙酉，歸州沙子嶺大雷雨，崖石崩裂，塞江流二里許。二十六年七月癸酉，澄城麻陂山界頭嶺，晝夜吼數日。山忽中斷，移走，東西三里，南北五里。隆慶二年五月庚戌，永寧州山崩。是歲，樂亭地裂三處，俱涌黑沙水。四年八月，湖州山崩，成湖。萬曆二十五年六月，泰山崩。二十七年八月甲午，狄道城東山崩，其下衝成一溝。山南耕地涌出大小山五，高二十餘丈。三十三年八月丙午，鎮江西南華山裂二三尺。三十七年六月辛酉，甘肅南山崩。天啓三年閏十月乙卯，仁壽長山聲震如雷，裂七里，寬三尺，深不可測。崇禎九年十二月，鎮江金雞嶺土山崩。後八年，秦州有二山，相距甚遠，民居其間者數百萬家。一日地震，兩山合，居民併入其中。

Hongwu 6, first month, renxu night: a high mountain at Fuxiang collapsed. Zhengtong 8, eleventh month: in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, a mountain shifted onto level fields. That year mountains collapsed in two places in Shaanxi. Zhengtong 13: in Shaanxi continuous rain through summer and autumn caused mountains to slump in Tongwei, Pingliang, and Huating; more than eighty soldiers and civilians were crushed to death. Tianshun 4, tenth month: Xingzi Mountain split open. Chenghua 8, seventh month: the north mountain at Longzhou roared for three days, split into a ditch half a li long, then soon closed again. Chenghua 16, fourth month, renzi: at Jujinzhou on the north bank of the Jinsha River west of Baishi, Snow Mountain cracked apart for more than a li and the mountains on both banks came together, yet the vegetation on the mountain remained as before. Below it the river was blocked and grain crops were all submerged. After a long time the blockage below gradually opened and the water began to drain. Sixth month: on level ground at Changle a small mound appeared, and men and livestock that stepped on it sank in. The following year a high mountain surged up again. Chenghua 17, twelfth month, xinchou: south of Shouyang county seat a mountain collapsed with a sound like oxen roaring. Hongzhi 3, sixth month, yisi: at Hezhou a mountain collapsed and the ground subsided. Hongzhi 9, sixth month, gengyin: in Shanyin and Xiaoshan the same day heavy rain brought mountain collapse. Hongzhi 14, intercalary seventh month: at Wusa Military-Civilian Prefecture heavy rain brought mountain collapse. Hongzhi 15, eighth month, wushen: the stone mountain at Hehekou in Xuanfu collapsed. Hongzhi 18, sixth month, bingzi: at Shazigou in Hezhou a night of great thunder and rain collapsed a stone-cliff mountain that shifted seven or eight li; the collapse site split into a ditch, and fields, dwellings, people, and livestock all sank in. Zhengde 1, twelfth month, guihai: stone collapsed from Sanbiao Mountain at Jimo. Zhengde 4, third month, jiayin: in Liaodong at Dajia Valley on Eastern Mountain there were two mountain collapses of about ten-odd chi each. Zhengde 5, sixth month, guisi: a mountain at Qinzhou collapsed, damaging many dwellings and crops. The mountain at Longwangkou also collapsed. Zhengde 6, seventh month, bingyin: at Zhangzi Stream in Kuizhou sudden rain brought mountain collapse. Zhengde 13, fifth month, guihai: at Heiyan Well in Yunnan a mountain collapsed and blocked the well. Zhengde 15, eighth month, dingchou: at Zhao Prefecture in Yunnan heavy rain brought mountain collapse. Jiajing 4, seventh month, youwei: Jia Family Mountain at Qingyuan collapsed. Jiajing 5, fourth month, renshen: a mountain at Daisu Stockade in Guizhou collapsed. Jiajing 19, twelfth month, jisi: Song Emperor Observatory Mountain at Emei rang, cracked, and shook, and spring water gushed forth for eight days. Jiajing 21, sixth month, youwei: at Shaziling in Guizhou a great thunderstorm collapsed and split cliff stones, blocking the river for more than two li. Jiajing 26, seventh month, guiyou: at Jietou Ridge on Mabo Mountain in Chengcheng there was roaring day and night for several days. The mountain suddenly broke apart in the middle and shifted away three li east to west and five li north to south. Longqing 2, fifth month, gengxu: a mountain at Yongning Prefecture collapsed. That year at Leting the ground split open in three places, all gushing black sandy water. Longqing 4, eighth month: a mountain at Huzhou collapsed and formed a lake. Wanli 25, sixth month: Mount Tai collapsed. Wanli 27, eighth month, jiawu: east of Didao city a mountain collapsed, gouging out a ditch below. South of the mountain, cultivated land spewed out five mountains large and small, more than twenty zhang high. Wanli 33, eighth month, bingwu: Hua Mountain southwest of Zhenjiang cracked two or three chi. Wanli 37, sixth month, xinyou: a mountain in southern Gansu collapsed. Tianqi 3, intercalary tenth month, yimao: at Chang Mountain in Renshou the sound shook like thunder; it split seven li, three chi wide, and to an immeasurable depth. Chongzhen 9, twelfth month: an earthen hill at Zhenjiang's Golden Cock Ridge collapsed. Eight years later, at Qin Prefecture two mountains stood far apart, with several million households dwelling between them. One day an earthquake struck; the two mountains closed together and the inhabitants were engulfed within them.

▲雨毛、地生毛

▲ Feather Rain and Hair Growing from the Ground

洪武十九年九月丙子，天雨絮。宣德元年七月甲午，地生毛，長尺餘。正統八年，浙江地生白毛。成化十三年四月，甘肅地裂，生白毛。十五年五月，常州地生白毛。十七年四月，南京地生白毛。弘治元年五月丙寅，瀘州長寧縣雨毛。正德十二年四月，金華地生黑白毛，長尺餘。

Hongwu 19, ninth month, day bingzi: floss rained from the sky. Xuande 1, seventh month, day jiawu: hair grew from the ground more than a chi long. Zhengtong 8: white hair grew from the ground in Zhejiang. Chenghua 13, fourth month: the ground split open in Gansu and white hair grew forth. Chenghua 15, fifth month: white hair grew from the ground at Changzhou. Chenghua 17, fourth month: white hair grew from the ground at Nanjing. Hongzhi 1, fifth month, day bingyin: hair rained at Changning County in Luz Prefecture. Zhengde 12, fourth month: black and white hair more than a chi long grew from the ground at Jinhua.

▲年飢

▲ Years of Famine

洪武二年，湖廣、陝西飢。四年，陝西洊飢。五年，濟南、東昌、萊州大飢，草實樹皮，食爲之盡。六年，蘇州、揚州、真定、延安飢。七年，北平所屬州縣三十三飢。十五年，河南飢。十九年春，河南飢。夏，青州飢。二十年，山東三府飢。二十三年，湖廣三府、二州飢。二十四年，山東及太原飢，徐、沛民食草實。二十五年，山東洊飢。

Hongwu 2: famine struck Huguang and Shaanxi. Hongwu 4: Shaanxi suffered famine again. Hongwu 5: a great famine gripped Jinan, Dongchang, and Laizhou; grass seeds and tree bark were eaten until nothing remained. Hongwu 6: famine struck Suzhou, Yangzhou, Zhending, and Yan'an. Hongwu 7: thirty-three prefectures and counties under Beiping suffered famine. Hongwu 15: famine in Henan. Hongwu 19, spring: famine in Henan. Hongwu 19, summer: famine in Qingzhou. Hongwu 20: famine struck the three prefectures of Shandong. Hongwu 23: famine struck three prefectures and two subprefectures in Huguang. Hongwu 24: famine in Shandong and Taiyuan; the people of Xu and Pei ate grass seeds. Hongwu 25: Shandong suffered famine again.

洪熙元年，北畿飢。山東、河南、湖廣及南畿州縣三十四飢。

Hongxi 1: famine in the northern metropolitan region. Hongxi 1: famine also struck Shandong, Henan, Huguang, and thirty-four prefectures and counties of the southern metropolitan region.

宣德元年，直省州縣二十九飢。二年，直省縣十四飢。三年，直省州縣十五飢。六年直省縣十飢。八年，以水旱告飢者，府州縣七十有六。九年，南畿、山東、浙江、陝西、山西、江西、四川多告飢，湖廣尤甚。十年，揚、徐、滁、南昌大飢。

Xuande 1: twenty-nine prefectures and counties in the directly administered provinces suffered famine. Xuande 2: fourteen counties in the directly administered provinces suffered famine. Xuande 3: fifteen prefectures and counties in the directly administered provinces suffered famine. Xuande 6: ten counties in the directly administered provinces suffered famine. Xuande 8: seventy-six prefectures, subprefectures, and counties reported famine from flood and drought. Xuande 9: the southern metropolitan region, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Jiangxi, and Sichuan widely reported famine; Huguang was worst hit. Xuande 10: great famine at Yangzhou, Xuzhou, Chuzhou, and Nanchang.

正統三年春，平涼、鳳翔、西安、鞏昌、漢中、慶陽、兗州七府及南畿三州、二縣，江西、浙江六縣飢。四年，直省州縣衛十八及山西隰州、大同、宣府、偏頭諸關飢。五年，直省十府、一州、二縣飢。陝西大飢。六年，直省州縣二十六飢。八年夏，湖南飢。秋，應天、鎮江、常州三府飢。九年春，蘇州府飢。是歲，雲南、陝西乏食。十年，陝西、山西飢。十二年夏，淮安、岳州、襄陽、荊州、郴州俱洊飢。十三年，寧、紹二府及州縣七飢。

Zhengtong 3, spring: famine struck the seven prefectures of Pingliang, Fengxiang, Xi'an, Gongchang, Hanzhong, Qingyang, and Yanzhou; three subprefectures and two counties of the southern metropolitan region; and six counties in Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Zhengtong 4: eighteen prefectures, subprefectures, and guards in the directly administered provinces, and also Yizhou in Shanxi, Datong, Xuanfu, and the passes at Piantou and elsewhere, suffered famine. Zhengtong 5: ten prefectures, one subprefecture, and two counties in the directly administered provinces suffered famine. Zhengtong 5: a great famine struck Shaanxi. Zhengtong 6: twenty-six prefectures and counties in the directly administered provinces suffered famine. Zhengtong 8, summer: famine in Hunan. Zhengtong 8, autumn: famine struck the prefectures of Yingtian, Zhenjiang, and Changzhou. Zhengtong 9, spring: famine in Suzhou Prefecture. That year Yunnan and Shaanxi ran short of food. Zhengtong 10: famine in Shaanxi and Shanxi. Zhengtong 12, summer: Huai'an, Yuezhou, Xiangyang, Jingzhou, and Chenzhou all suffered famine again. Zhengtong 13: famine struck the prefectures of Ningbo and Shaoxing and seven other prefectures and counties.

景泰元年，大名、順德、廣平、保定、處州、太原、大同七府飢。二年，大名、廣平又飢。順天、保定、西安、臨洮、太原、大同、解州飢。三年，淮、徐大飢，死者相枕藉。四年，徐州洊飢。河南、山東及鳳陽飢。五年，兩畿十府飢。六年春，兩畿、山東、山西、浙江、江西、湖廣、雲南、貴州飢，蘇、鬆尤甚。七年，北畿、山東、江西、雲南又飢。河南亦飢。

Jingtai 1: famine struck the seven prefectures of Daming, Shunde, Guangping, Baoding, Chuzhou, Taiyuan, and Datong. Jingtai 2: Daming and Guangping suffered famine again. Jingtai 2: famine also struck Shuntian, Baoding, Xi'an, Lintao, Taiyuan, Datong, and Jiezhou. Jingtai 3: great famine at Huai'an and Xuzhou; the dead lay heaped upon one another. Jingtai 4: Xuzhou suffered famine again. Jingtai 4: famine also struck Henan, Shandong, and Fengyang. Jingtai 5: ten prefectures in the two metropolitan regions suffered famine. Jingtai 6, spring: famine struck the two metropolitan regions, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, Yunnan, and Guizhou; Suzhou and Songjiang were worst hit. Jingtai 7: the northern metropolitan region, Shandong, Jiangxi, and Yunnan suffered famine again. Jingtai 7: Henan suffered famine as well.

成化元年，兩畿、浙江、河南飢。二年，南畿飢。四年，兩畿、湖廣、山東、河南無麥。鳳陽及陝西、寧夏、甘、涼飢。五年，陝西洊飢。六年，順天、河間、真定、保定四府飢，食草木殆盡。山西、兩廣、雲南並飢。八年，山東飢。九年，山東又大飢，骼無餘胔。十三年，南畿、山東飢。十四年，北畿、湖廣、河南、山東、陝西、山西飢。十五年，江西飢。十六年，北畿、山東、雲南飢。十八年，南畿、遼東飢。十九年，鳳陽、淮安、揚州三府飢。二十年，陝西飢，道殣相望。畿南及山西平陽飢。二十一年，北畿、山東、河南飢。二十三年，陝西大飢。武功民有殺食宿客者。淮北、山東亦飢。

Chenghua 1: famine struck the two metropolitan regions, Zhejiang, and Henan. Chenghua 2: famine in the southern metropolitan region. Chenghua 4: the two metropolitan regions, Huguang, Shandong, and Henan had no wheat harvest. Chenghua 4: famine also struck Fengyang, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Ganzhou, and Liangzhou. Chenghua 5: Shaanxi suffered famine again. Chenghua 6: famine struck the four prefectures of Shuntian, Hejian, Zhending, and Baoding; people ate plants and trees until little remained. Chenghua 6: Shanxi, the two Guang, and Yunnan all suffered famine as well. Chenghua 8: famine in Shandong. Chenghua 9: Shandong suffered great famine again, leaving bones stripped of flesh. Chenghua 13: famine in the southern metropolitan region and Shandong. Chenghua 14: famine struck the northern metropolitan region, Huguang, Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, and Shanxi. Chenghua 15: famine in Jiangxi. Chenghua 16: famine in the northern metropolitan region, Shandong, and Yunnan. Chenghua 18: famine in the southern metropolitan region and Liaodong. Chenghua 19: famine struck the prefectures of Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou. Chenghua 20: famine in Shaanxi left corpses lining the roads. Chenghua 20: famine also struck the region south of the capital and Pingyang in Shanxi. Chenghua 21: famine in the northern metropolitan region, Shandong, and Henan. Chenghua 23: a great famine struck Shaanxi. In Wugong some people killed and ate their lodging guests. Chenghua 23: north of the Huai and Shandong suffered famine as well.

弘治元年，應天及浙江飢。六年，山東飢。七年，保定、真定、河間三府飢。八年，蘇、鬆、嘉、湖四府飢。十四年，順天、永平、河間、河南四府飢。遼東大飢。十五年，遼東洊飢。兗州飢。十六年，浙江、山東及南畿四府、三州飢。十七年，淮、揚、廬、鳳洊飢，人相食，且發瘞胔以繼之。十八年，延安諸府飢。

Hongzhi 1: famine at Yingtian and in Zhejiang. Hongzhi 6: famine in Shandong. Hongzhi 7: famine struck the prefectures of Baoding, Zhending, and Hejian. Hongzhi 8: famine struck the prefectures of Suzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing, and Huzhou. Hongzhi 14: famine struck the prefectures of Shuntian, Yongping, Hejian, and Henan. Hongzhi 14: a great famine struck Liaodong. Hongzhi 15: Liaodong suffered famine again. Hongzhi 15: famine also struck Yanzhou. Hongzhi 16: famine struck Zhejiang, Shandong, and four prefectures and three subprefectures of the southern metropolitan region. Hongzhi 17: Huai'an, Yangzhou, Luzhou, and Fengyang suffered famine again; people ate one another and even dug up the buried dead to sustain themselves. Hongzhi 18: famine struck the prefectures of Yan'an.

正德三年，廬、鳳、淮、揚四府飢。四年，蘇、鬆、常、鎮四府飢。五年，山東飢。七年，嘉興、金華、溫、臺、寧、紹六府乏食。八年，河間、保定飢。九年春，永平諸府飢，民食草樹殆盡，有闔室死者。秋，關、陝亦飢。十一年，順天、河間飢。河南大飢。十二年春，順天、保定、永平飢。十三年，蘇、鬆、廬、鳳、淮、揚六府飢。十四年冬，遼東飢，南畿、淮、揚諸府尤甚。十六年，遼東飢。

Zhengde 3: famine struck the prefectures of Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou. Zhengde 4: famine struck the prefectures of Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang. Zhengde 5: famine in Shandong. Zhengde 7: the prefectures of Jiaxing, Jinhua, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Ningbo, and Shaoxing ran short of food. Zhengde 8: famine in Hejian and Baoding. Zhengde 9, spring: famine struck the prefectures of Yongping; people ate grass and trees until little remained, and whole families perished. Zhengde 9, autumn: the frontier passes and Shaanxi suffered famine as well. Zhengde 11: famine in Shuntian and Hejian. Zhengde 11: a great famine struck Henan. Zhengde 12, spring: famine in Shuntian, Baoding, and Yongping. Zhengde 13: famine struck the prefectures of Suzhou, Songjiang, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou. Zhengde 14, winter: famine in Liaodong; the southern metropolitan region and the Huai–Yang prefectures were worst hit. Zhengde 16: famine in Liaodong.

嘉靖二年，應天及滁州大飢。三年，湖廣、河南、大名、臨清飢。南畿諸郡大飢，父子相食，道殣相望，臭彌千里。四年，河間、瀋陽、大同三衛飢。五年，順天、保定、河間三府大飢。六年，遼東大飢。八年，真定、廬、鳳、淮、揚五府，徐、滁、和三州及山東、河南、湖廣、山西、陝西、四川飢，襄陽尤甚。九年，畿內、河南、湖廣、山東、山西大飢。十二年，北畿、山東飢。十五年，湖廣大飢。十七年，北畿飢。河南、鄖陽、襄陽三府飢。二十年，保定、遼東飢。二十一年，順天、永平飢。二十四年，又飢。南畿亦飢。二十五年，順天飢，江西亦飢。二十七年，鞏昌、漢中大飢。三十一年，宣、大二鎮大飢，人相食。三十二年，南畿、廬、鳳、淮、揚、山東、河南、陝西並飢。三十三年，順天及榆林飢。三十六年，遼東大飢，人相食。三十九年，順天、永平飢。四十年，兩畿、山西飢。四十三年，北畿、山東大飢。四十四年，順天飢。四十五年，淮、徐飢。

Jiajing 2: a great famine struck Yingtian and Chuzhou. Jiajing 3: famine in Huguang, Henan, Daming, and Linqing. Jiajing 3: a great famine gripped the prefectures of the southern metropolitan region; fathers and sons ate one another, corpses lined the roads as far as the eye could see, and the stench spread for a thousand li. Jiajing 4: famine struck Hejian, Shenyang, and the three guards of Datong. Jiajing 5: a great famine struck the prefectures of Shuntian, Baoding, and Hejian. Jiajing 6: a great famine struck Liaodong. Jiajing 8: famine struck the prefectures of Zhending, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, and Yangzhou, the subprefectures of Xuzhou, Chuzhou, and Hezhou, and the provinces of Shandong, Henan, Huguang, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Sichuan; Xiangyang was worst hit. Jiajing 9: a great famine struck the metropolitan region, Henan, Huguang, Shandong, and Shanxi. Jiajing 12: famine in the northern metropolitan region and Shandong. Jiajing 15: a great famine struck Huguang. Jiajing 17: famine in the northern metropolitan region. Jiajing 17: famine also struck the prefectures of Henan, Yunyang, and Xiangyang. Jiajing 20: famine in Baoding and Liaodong. Jiajing 21: famine in Shuntian and Yongping. Jiajing 24: famine struck again. Jiajing 24: the southern metropolitan region suffered famine as well. Jiajing 25: famine in Shuntian; Jiangxi suffered famine too. Jiajing 27: a great famine struck Gongchang and Hanzhong. Jiajing 31: a great famine gripped the Xuan and Da garrisons; people ate one another. Jiajing 32: famine struck the southern metropolitan region, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, Yangzhou, Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi alike. Jiajing 33: famine in Shuntian and Yulin. Jiajing 36: a great famine struck Liaodong; people ate one another. Jiajing 39: famine in Shuntian and Yongping. Jiajing 40: famine in both metropolitan regions and Shanxi. Jiajing 43: a great famine struck the northern metropolitan region and Shandong. Jiajing 44: famine in Shuntian. Jiajing 45: famine in Huai'an and Xuzhou.

隆慶元年，蘇、鬆二府大飢。二年，湖廣飢。

Longqing 1: a great famine struck the prefectures of Suzhou and Songjiang. Longqing 2: famine in Huguang.

崇禎元年，陝西飢，延、鞏民相聚爲盜。二年，山西、陝西飢。五年，淮、揚諸府飢，流殍載道。六年，陝西、山西大飢。淮、揚洊飢，有夫妻雉經於樹及投河者。鹽城教官王明佐至自縊於官署。七年，京師飢，御史龔廷獻繪《饑民圖》以進。太原大飢，人相食。九年，南陽大飢，有母烹其女者。江西亦飢。十年，浙江大飢，父子、兄弟、夫妻相食。十二年，兩畿、山東、山西、陝西、江西飢。河南大飢，人相食，盧氏、嵩、伊陽三縣尤甚。十三年，北畿、山東、河南、陝西、山西、浙江、三吳皆飢。自淮而北至畿南，樹皮食盡，發瘞胔以食。十四年，南畿飢。金壇民於延慶寺近山見人云，此地深入尺餘，其土可食。如言取之，淘磨爲粉粥而食，取者日衆。又長山十里亦出土，堪食，其色青白類茯苓。又石子澗土黃赤，狀如豬肝，俗呼「觀音粉」，食之多腹痛隕墜，卒枕藉以死。是歲，畿南、山東洊飢。德州斗米千錢，父子相食，行人斷絕。大盜滋矣。

Chongzhen 1: famine in Shaanxi; the people of Yan'an and Gongchang banded together as robbers. Chongzhen 2: famine in Shanxi and Shaanxi. Chongzhen 5: famine struck the Huai–Yang prefectures; the destitute dead and dying clogged the highways. Chongzhen 6: a great famine struck Shaanxi and Shanxi. Chongzhen 6: Huai'an and Yangzhou suffered famine again; some couples hanged themselves from trees or drowned in the rivers. Chongzhen 6: Wang Mingzuo, an education officer at Yancheng, came to his post and hanged himself in the yamen. Chongzhen 7: famine at the capital; Censor Gong Tingxian painted the Picture of Famine Victims and submitted it to the throne. Chongzhen 7: a great famine struck Taiyuan; people ate one another. Chongzhen 9: a great famine struck Nanyang; one mother boiled and ate her own daughter. Chongzhen 9: Jiangxi suffered famine as well. Chongzhen 10: a great famine struck Zhejiang; fathers and sons, brothers, and husbands and wives ate one another. Chongzhen 12: famine in both metropolitan regions, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Jiangxi. Chongzhen 12: a great famine struck Henan; people ate one another, and the counties of Lushi, Song, and Yiyang were worst hit. Chongzhen 13: famine struck the northern metropolitan region, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Zhejiang, and the Three Wu region alike. Chongzhen 13: from the Huai northward to the southern reaches of the metropolitan region, tree bark was stripped bare; people exhumed buried corpses to eat. Chongzhen 14: famine in the southern metropolitan region. Chongzhen 14: at Jintan, near Yanqing Temple in the hills, the people heard that earth more than a chi below the surface there was edible. They dug as directed, washed and ground the soil into a flour gruel and ate it; the number of gatherers grew each day. Earth that could be eaten also appeared ten li away at Changshan; it was blue-white, resembling poria fungus. At Shizi Brook the soil was yellow-red and liver-shaped; folk called it "Guanyin flour." Those who ate much suffered griping pains and collapsed; corpses lay heaped where they fell. Chongzhen 14: the southern metropolitan region and Shandong suffered famine again that year. At Dezhou a dou of rice sold for a thousand cash; fathers and sons ate one another, and traffic on the roads died away. Chongzhen 14: large-scale banditry spread widely.

▲黃眚黃祥

▲ Yellow Afflictions and Yellow Omens

正統十一年二月辛酉，有異氣現華蓋殿金頂及奉天殿鴟吻之上。成化九年四月乙亥，兩京雨土。十三年四月戊戌，陝西、甘肅冰厚五尺，間以雜沙，有青紅黃黑四色。弘治十年三月己酉，雨土。十一年四月辛巳，雨土。十七年二月甲辰，鄖陽、均州雨沙。嘉靖元年正月丁卯，雨黃沙。十三年二月己未，雨微土。二十一年，象山雨黃霧，行人口耳皆塞。隆慶元年三月甲寅，南鄭雨土。萬曆二十五年二月癸亥，湖州雨黃沙。四十六年三月庚午，暮刻，雨土，濛濛如霧如霰，入夜不止。四十七年二月甲戌，從未至酉，塵沙漲天，其色赤黃。四十八年，山東省城及泰安、肥城皆雨土。崇禎十二年二月壬申，浚縣有黑黃雲起，旋分爲二。頃之四塞。狂風大作，黃埃漲天，間以青白氣。五步之外，不辨人蹤，至昏始定。十四年正月壬寅，黃埃漲天。

Zhengtong 11, second month, xinyou: an uncanny mist appeared on the gilded summit of Huagai Hall and above the chiwen ornaments of Fengtian Hall. Chenghua 9, fourth month, yihai: earth rained on both capitals. Chenghua 13, fourth month, wuxu: in Shaanxi and Gansu ice lay five chi thick, interleaved with sand in blue, red, yellow, and black. Hongzhi 10, third month, jiyou: earth rained from the sky. Hongzhi 11, fourth month, xinsi: earth rained from the sky. Hongzhi 17, second month, jiachen: sand rained at Yunyang and Junzhou. Jiajing 1, first month, dingmao: yellow sand rained from the sky. Jiajing 13, second month, jiwei: a light fall of earth rained down. Jiajing 21: yellow mist fell like rain at Xiangshan; wayfarers' mouths and ears were choked shut. Longqing 1, third month, jiayin: earth rained at Nanzheng. Wanli 25, second month, guihai: yellow sand rained at Huzhou. Wanli 46, third month, gengwu: at the dusk watch earth fell like a thick mist and hail, and did not stop through the night. Wanli 47, second month, jiaxu: from the wei hour until you, dust and sand blotted the sky in a red-yellow hue. Wanli 48: earth rained on the Shandong provincial capital, Tai'an, and Feicheng. Chongzhen 12, second month, renshen: at Jun County black and yellow clouds arose and swiftly divided in two. In an instant the sky closed in on every side. A fierce gale sprang up; yellow dust flooded the heavens, streaked with blue-white haze. Beyond five paces one could not tell a human form; calm returned only at nightfall. Chongzhen 14, first month, renyin: yellow dust filled the sky.

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