1
衛所班軍
Guard Posts, Companies, and Rotational Troops
2
太祖下集慶路為吳王，罷諸翼統軍元帥，置武德、龍驤、豹韜、飛熊、威武、廣武、興武、英武、鷹揚、驍騎、神武、雄武、鳳翔、天策、振武、宣武、羽林十七衛親軍指揮使司。 革諸將襲元舊制樞密、平章、元帥、總管、萬戶諸官號，而核其所部兵五千人為指揮，千人為千戶，百人為百戶，五十人為總旗，十人為小旗。 天下既定，度要害地，系一郡者設所，連郡者設衛。 大率五千六百人為衛，千一百二十人為千戶所，百十有二人為百戶所。 所設總旗二，小旗十，大小聯比以成軍。 其取兵，有從征，有歸附，有謫發。 從征者，諸將所部兵，既定其地，因以留戍。 歸附，則勝國及僭偽諸降卒。 謫發，以罪遷隸為兵者。 其軍皆世籍。 此其大略也。
After the Founding Emperor secured Jiqing and assumed the title Prince of Wu, he abolished the wing-level unified-army marshals and set up seventeen command offices for his personal guards—Wude, Longxiang, Baotao, Feixiong, Weiwu, Guangwu, Xingwu, Yingwu, Yingyang, Xiaoqi, Shenwu, Xiongwu, Fengxiang, Tiance, Zhenwu, Xuanwu, and Yulin. He swept away the Yuan titles the commanders had carried over—Privy Councillor, Grand Councillor, Marshal, Chief, and Ten-Thousand-Household—and restructured their forces into commands of five thousand, thousand-household units of one thousand, hundred-household units of one hundred, chief banners of fifty, and petty banners of ten. Once the empire was secure, the government surveyed strategic ground: a single prefecture received a post, while a cluster of linked prefectures received a guard. As a rule, a guard mustered about 5,600 men, a thousand-household post about 1,120, and a hundred-household post about 112. Each post was built from two chief banners and ten petty banners, nesting smaller units within larger ones until the full force took shape. Recruits came from three channels: men who had followed campaigns, men who had surrendered, and men drafted through penal exile. Campaign followers were the soldiers under each field commander; when a region was pacified, they were left there to garrison it. Surrendered troops were soldiers of the fallen dynasty and of the various rebel regimes that had submitted. Penal drafts were offenders banished into military registration. Every such army was entered on a hereditary military register. Such was the broad design.
3
洪武三年，升杭州、江西、燕山、青州四衛為都衛，復置河南、西安、太原、武昌四都衛。 四年，造用寶金符及調發走馬符牌。 用寶符為小金牌二，中書省、大都督府各藏其一。 有詔發兵，省府以牌入，內府出寶用之。 走馬符牌，鐵為之，共四十，金字、銀字者各半，藏之內府。 有急務調發，使者佩以行。 尋改為金符。 凡軍機文書，自都督府、中書省長官外，不許擅奏。 有詔調軍，省、府同覆奏，然後納符請寶。 五年，置親王護衛指揮使司，每府三護衛，衛設左、右、中、前、後五所； 所，千戶二，百戶十。 圍子手所二； 所，千戶一。 七年，申定兵衛之政，徵調則統於諸將，事平則散歸各衛。
In Hongwu year 3, Hangzhou, Jiangxi, Yanshan, and Qingzhou guards were raised to regional-guard status, and the regional guards at Henan, Xi'an, Taiyuan, and Wuchang were restored. In year 4, the court cast the imperial gold tally seals and the iron dispatch plaques used to mobilize troops at speed. The imperial tallies were a pair of small gold plates, one held by the Secretariat and one by the Grand Military Commission. On an order to mobilize, the responsible ministry or commission submitted its plaque; the inner palace then produced the imperial tally for authentication. The urgent-dispatch plaques were iron—forty in all, half gold-inscribed and half silver-inscribed—kept in the inner palace. When an emergency mobilization was required, couriers wore them on the road. Before long these were replaced with gold tallies. On military papers, no one below the heads of the Military Commission and Secretariat might memorialize without leave. When troops were to be called out, the ministries and commission reviewed the matter together, memorialized jointly, and only then submitted the tally and requested the imperial seal. In year 5, command offices for princely guards were created: three guards per princely establishment, each guard divided into left, right, center, front, and rear posts; each post with two thousand-household officers and ten hundred-household officers. There were also two bowmen posts; each with a single thousand-household officer. In year 7 the guard system was reaffirmed: on campaign, units assembled under field commanders; when peace returned, they dispersed again to their home guards.
4
八年，改在京留守都衛為留守衛指揮使司，在外都衛為都指揮使司，凡十三：北平、陝西、山西、浙江、江西、山東、四川、福建、湖廣、廣東、廣西、遼東、河南。 又行都指揮使司二：甘州、大同。 俱隸大都督府。 九年，選公、侯、都督、各衛指揮嫡長次子為散騎、參侍舍人，隸都督府，充宿衛，或署各衛所事。 十三年，丞相胡惟庸謀反誅，革中書省，因改大都督府為五，分統諸軍司衛所。 明年，復置中都留守司及貴州、雲南都指揮使司。 十五年三月，頒軍法定律。 十六年，詔各都司上衛所城池水陸地理圖。 二十年，置大寧都指揮使司。 是年，命兵部置軍籍勘合，載從軍履歷、調補衛所年月、在營丁口之數，給內外衛所軍士，而藏其副於內府。 三十年，定武官役軍之制：指揮、同知、僉事四，千戶三，百戶、鎮撫二，皆取正軍，三日一番上，下直歸伍操練。 衛所直廳六，守門二，守監四，守庫一，皆任老軍，月一更。
In year 8 the capital's garrison regional guards became capital garrison command offices, and those in the provinces became regional military commissions—thirteen altogether: Beiping, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Fujian, Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Liaodong, and Henan. Two frontier regional commissions were added as well: Ganzhou and Datong. All fell under the Grand Military Commission. In year 9 the eldest legitimate sons of dukes, marquises, regional commanders, and guard commanders were chosen as palace attendants under the Military Commission, to stand night watch or to deputize at guard posts. In year 13 Chancellor Hu Weiyong was put to death for treason, the Secretariat was abolished, and the Grand Military Commission was divided into five commissions, each overseeing its share of army offices, guards, and posts. The following year the Zhongdu garrison office and the Guizhou and Yunnan regional commissions were restored. In the third month of year 15 the military code was issued. In year 16 each regional commission was ordered to submit maps of its guard-post walls and of local land and water routes. In year 20 the Daning regional commission was established. That same year the Ministry of War was told to issue military registers listing each soldier's service record, dates of transfer among posts, and household numbers in camp; copies went to guards throughout the realm, duplicates to the inner palace. In year 30 the rotation duty of officers was fixed: commanders, deputies, and assistants served four days, thousand-household officers three, hundred-household officers and protectors two—all drawn from active soldiers, on duty every third day and drilling with their units when off. Six headquarters posts, two gate watches, four prison watches, and one storehouse watch at each guard were filled by veteran soldiers on a monthly rotation.
5
建文帝嗣位，置河北都司、湖廣行都司。 文皇入立，皆罷之，而升燕山三護衛為親軍，並建文時所立孝陵衛，皆不隸五府。 後諸陵設衛皆如之。 移山西行都司所屬諸衛軍於北平，設衛屯種。 永樂元年，罷北平都司，設留守行後軍都督府，遷大寧都司於保定。 明年，更定衛所屯守軍士。 臨邊險要者，守多於屯。 在內平僻，或地雖險要而運輸難至者，皆屯多於守。 七年，置調軍勘合，以勇、敢、鋒、銳、神、奇、精、壯、強、毅、克、勝、英、雄、威、猛十六字，編百號。 制敕調軍及遣將，比號同，方準行。 十八年，北京建，在南諸衛多北調。 宣德五，年從平江伯陳瑄言，以衛官職漕運，東南之卒由是困。 八年，減衛軍餘丁，正軍外每軍留一，餘悉遣歸。 已，復以幼軍備操者不足，三丁至七八丁者選一，餘聽治生，給軍裝。 正軍有故，即令補伍，毋再勾攝。
On Emperor Jianwen's accession, the Hebei regional commission and the Huguang frontier commission were created. When the Yongle Emperor seized the throne, he abolished them all, elevated the three Yanshan princely guards to personal guards, and likewise exempted the Xiaoling Guard Jianwen had founded—all standing outside the five military commissions. Later imperial tombs that received guards followed the same rule. Soldiers from the guards under the Shanxi frontier commission were transferred to Beiping, and guard farming colonies were established. In Yongle 1 the Beiping regional commission was abolished, a rear military commission for the capital garrison was set up, and the Daning commission was moved to Baoding. The following year the division between garrison duty and farming duty at guard posts was redrawn. On dangerous frontiers, more men stood watch than worked the fields. In quiet interior districts, or where the ground was strategic but supplies hard to reach, farming outweighed garrison duty. In year 7 mobilization tallies were introduced, built from sixteen characters—Brave, Daring, Sharp, Keen, Divine, Strange, Fine, Robust, Strong, Resolute, Conquer, Victor, Hero, Champion, Might, and Fierce—to form a hundred serial codes. Imperial orders to mobilize troops or appoint generals took effect only when the serial numbers matched. In year 18, as Beijing was built, many southern guards were shifted north. In the fifth year of the Xuande reign, on the advice of Chen Xuan, Earl of Pingjiang, guard officers were put in charge of grain transport, and soldiers of the southeast bore the burden. In year 8 surplus males in guard households were cut back: besides the registered soldier, only one man per household was kept; the rest were sent home. Soon afterward, because there were not enough young soldiers for drill, households with three to as many as seven or eight sons chose one; the others were allowed to make their living elsewhere and were issued kit. When the registered soldier died or was removed, a replacement filled the slot at once without a fresh levy.
6
當是時，都指揮使與布、按並稱三司，為封疆大吏。 而專閫重臣，文武亦無定職，世猶以武為重，軍政修飭。 正德以來，軍職冒濫，為世所輕。 內之部科，外之監軍、督撫，疊相彈壓，五軍府如贅疣，弁帥如走卒。 總兵官領敕於兵部，皆跽，間為長揖，即謂非禮。 至於末季，衛所軍士，雖一諸生可役使之。 積輕積弱，重以隱佔、虛冒諸弊，至舉天下之兵，不足以任戰守，而明遂亡矣。
In that era the regional commander stood with the provincial administration and surveillance commissioners as one of the 'Three Offices'—a great officer of the frontier. Frontier commanders with full powers had no fixed civil or military title, yet society still esteemed the martial arts and military administration remained tight. From the Zhengde reign onward, military offices were bought and padded until the world held them cheap. Inside, ministry sections; outside, army supervisors, governors-general, and grand coordinators—each layer pressing down on the next; the Five Commissions became dead weight, and field officers little better than runners. Regional commanders receiving orders from the Ministry of War knelt to take them; even a formal bow was sometimes judged disrespectful. By the dynasty's end, a mere student could order guard soldiers about. Neglect and weakness piled up, together with hidden registers and false rolls, until the empire's armies could neither fight nor hold the line—and the Ming fell.
7
崇禎三年，範景文以兵部侍郎守通州，上言：「祖制，邊腹內外，衛所棋置，以軍隸衛，以屯養軍。 後失其制，軍外募民為兵，屯外賦民出餉，使如鱗尺籍，不能為衝鋒之事，並不知帶甲之人。 陛下百度振刷，豈可令有定之軍數付之不可問，有用之軍糈投之不可知？」 因條上清核數事，不果行。
In Chongzhen year 3, Fan Jingwen, vice minister of war while holding Tongzhou, wrote: 'Under the ancestral design, guards and posts were laid out like chess pieces across border and interior, inner realm and outer—soldiers belonged to guards, and farming colonies fed the soldiers. Later the system broke down: beyond the old army, civilians were hired as troops; beyond the colonies, civilians paid rations—registers grew like fish scales, yet men could not charge in battle and no one knew who actually wore armor. Your Majesty is renewing every policy—how can fixed troop totals be left unaccounted for, and useful military grain poured into channels no one can trace? He then submitted several proposals for auditing the rolls, but none was carried out.
8
初，洪武二十六年定天下都司衛所，共計都司十有七，留守司一，內外衛三百二十九，守禦千戶所六十五。 及成祖在位二十餘年，多所增改。 其後措置不一，今區別其名於左，以資考鏡。
At first, in Hongwu year 26 the realm's commissions, guards, and posts were tallied: seventeen regional commissions, one garrison office, 329 guards inside and outside the capital, and 65 defensive thousand-household posts. During the Yongle Emperor's more than twenty years on the throne, many were added or altered. Later changes were piecemeal; their names are sorted below for comparison.
9
○上十二衛
The Twelve Upper Guards
10
金吾前衛金吾後衛羽林左衛羽林右衛府軍衛府軍左衛
Jinwu Front Guard, Jinwu Rear Guard, Left Yulin Guard, Right Yulin Guard, Fubing Guard, and Left Fubing Guard
11
府軍右衛府軍前衛府軍後衛虎賁左衛錦衣衛旂手衛
Right Fubing Guard, Fubing Front Guard, Fubing Rear Guard, Left Huben Guard, the Brocade-Coat Guard, and the Banner-Bearer Guard
12
◎五軍都督府所屬衛所
Guards and Posts under the Five Military Commissions
13
◎左軍都督府
Left Military Commission
14
○在京凡本府在京屬衛，曾經永樂十八年調守北京者，各注其下曰「調北京」，其年月不重出。 後四府同。
In the capital: for each guard of this commission once posted in Nanjing and transferred in Yongle year 18 to garrison Beijing, the note 'transferred to Beijing' appears below; dates are not repeated. The same convention applies to the other four commissions.
15
留守左衛調北京鎮南衛調北京水軍左衛驍騎右衛調北京龍虎衛調北京英武衛瀋陽左衛調北京瀋陽右衛調北京
Capital Garrison Left Guard; Zhennan Guard (transferred to Beijing); Left Naval Guard (transferred to Beijing); Right Xiaoqi Guard; Longhu Guard (transferred to Beijing); Yingwu Guard (transferred to Beijing); Shenyang Left Guard; Shenyang Right Guard (transferred to Beijing); [units marked] transferred to Beijing
16
○在外
Outside the Capital
17
△浙江都司
Zhejiang Regional Command
18
杭州前衛杭州右衛台州衛寧波衛處州衛紹興衛海甯衛昌國衛溫州衛臨山衛松門衛金鄉衛定海衛海門衛磐石衛觀海衛海寧千戶所衢州千戶所嚴州千戶所湖州千戶所
Hangzhou Front Guard, Hangzhou Right Guard, Taizhou, Ningbo, Chuzhou, Shaoxing, Haining, Changguo, Wenzhou, Linshan, Songmen, Jinxiang, Dinghai, Haimen, Panshi, and Guanhai guards; Haining, Quzhou, Yanzhou, and Huzhou thousand-household posts
19
△遼東都司
Liaodong Regional Command
20
定遼左衛定遼右衛定遼中衛定遼前衛定遼後衛鐵嶺衛東甯衛瀋陽中衛海州衛蓋州衛金州衛復州衛義州衛遼海衛三萬衛廣甯左屯衛廣甯右屯衛廣甯前屯衛廣甯後屯衛廣甯中護衛後改為屯衛
Dingliao Left, Right, Center, Front, and Rear guards; Tieling, Dongning, Shenyang Center, Haizhou, Gaizhou, Jinzhou, Fuzhou, Yizhou, Liaohai, and Sanwan guards; Guangning Left, Right, Front, and Rear garrison guards; Guangning Center Protector Guard (later renamed a garrison guard)
21
△山東都司
Shandong Regional Command
22
青州左護衛後為天津右衛青州護衛革兗州護衛革兗州左護衛後為臨清衛登州衛青州左衛萊州衛甯海衛濟南衛平山衛德州衛後改屬後府樂安千戶所後改名武定，屬後府膠州千戶所諸城千戶所滕縣千戶所
Qingzhou Left Protector Guard (later Tianjin Right Guard), Qingzhou Protector Guard; Yanzhou and Yanzhou Left protector guards abolished (Linqing Guard created from the latter); Dengzhou, Qingzhou Left, Laizhou, Ninghai, Jinan, Pingshan, and Dezhou guards (Dezhou later under the Rear Commission); Le'an thousand-household post (later Wuding, Rear Commission); Jiaozhou, Zhucheng, and Tengxian thousand-household posts
23
◎右軍都督府
Right Military Commission
24
○在京
In the Capital
25
虎賁右衛調北京留守右衛調北京水軍右衛武德衛調北京廣武衛
Right Huben Guard; Capital Garrison Right Guard (transferred to Beijing); Right Naval Guard (transferred to Beijing); Wude Guard; Guangwu Guard (transferred to Beijing)
26
○在外
Outside the Capital
27
△雲南都司
Yunnan Regional Command
28
雲南左衛雲南右衛雲南前衛大理衛楚雄衛臨安衛景東衛曲靖衛金齒衛洱海衛蒙化衛馬隆衛改雲南右護衛，革平夷衛越州衛六涼衛鶴慶千戶所革
Yunnan Left, Right, and Front guards; Dali, Chuxiong, Lin'an, Jingdong, Qujing, Jinchi, Erhai, and Menghua guards; Malong Guard (renamed Yunnan Right Protector Guard); Pingyi Guard abolished; Yuezhou and Liuliang guards; Heqing thousand-household post abolished
29
△貴州都司
Guizhou Regional Command
30
貴州衛永甯衛普定衛平越衛烏撒衛普安衛層臺衛革赤水衛威清衛興隆衛新添衛清平衛平壩衛安莊衛龍里衛安南衛都勻衛畢節衛黃平千戶所
Guizhou, Yongning, Puding, Pingyue, Wusa, Pu'an, and Cengtai guards; Chishui Guard abolished; Weiqing, Xinglong, Xintian, Qingping, Pingba, Anzhuang, Longli, Annan, Duyun, and Bijie guards; Huangping thousand-household post
31
△四川都司
Sichuan Regional Command
32
成都左護衛成都右護衛後為龍虎左衛，隸南京左府成都中護衛後為豹韜左衛，隸南京前府成都左衛革成都右衛成都前衛成都後衛成都中衛甯川衛茂州衛建昌衛後屬行都司重慶衛敘南衛蘇州衛後為甯番衛，屬行都司，革瀘州衛松潘軍民指揮使司岩州衛革青川千戶所威州千戶所大渡河千戶所
Chengdu Left and Right protector guards (the Right later Longhu Left Guard under the Nanjing Left Commission; the Center later Baotao Left Guard under the Nanjing Front Commission); Chengdu Left Guard; Chengdu Right Guard abolished; Chengdu Front, Rear, and Center guards; Ningchuan, Maozhou, and Jianchang guards (Jianchang later under the frontier commission); Chongqing and Xunan guards; Suzhou Guard (later Ningfan, frontier commission); Luzhou abolished; Songpan Military-Civilian Command; Yanzhou and Qingchuan abolished; Weizhou and Dadu River thousand-household posts
33
△陝西都司
Shaanxi Regional Command
34
西安左護衛後為神武右衛西安右護衛西安中護衛後為神武前衛西安左衛西安右衛改西安中護衛西安前衛西安後衛華山衛改西安左護衛，又改神武右衛泰山衛改西安右護衛延安衛綏德衛平涼衛慶陽衛寧夏衛臨洮衛鞏昌衛西寧衛後屬行都司漢中衛涼州衛後屬行都司莊浪衛後屬行都司蘭州衛秦州衛岷州軍民指揮使司洮州衛河州軍民指揮使司甘肅衛後為甘州後衛山丹衛後屬行都司永昌衛後屬行都司鳳翔千戶所金州千戶所寧夏中護衛西河中護衛後改雲南中護衛，革
Xi'an Left Protector Guard (later Shenwu Right), Right Protector Guard, and Center Protector Guard (later Shenwu Front); Xi'an Left and Right guards (the Right becoming Center Protector); Xi'an Front and Rear guards; Huashan Guard (from Xi'an Left Protector, then Shenwu Right); Taishan Guard (from Xi'an Right Protector); Yan'an, Suide, Pingliang, Qingyang, Ningxia, Lintao, and Gongchang guards; Xining, Hanzhong, Liangzhou, Zhuanglang, Lanzhou, and Qinzhou (several later under the frontier commission); Minzhou and Hezhou Military-Civilian Commands; Taozhou; Gansu Guard (later Ganzhou Rear); Shandan and Yongchang (frontier commission); Fengxiang and Jinzhou thousand-household posts; Ningxia Center Protector; Xihe Center Protector (later Yunnan Center Protector, abolished)
35
△廣西都司
Guangxi Regional Command
36
桂林左衛後為廣西護衛桂林右衛桂林中衛南寧衛柳州衛馴象衛梧州千戶所
Guilin Left Guard (later Guangxi Protector Guard), Guilin Right and Center guards, Nanning and Liuzhou guards, Elephant-Training Guard, and Wuzhou thousand-household post
37
○中軍都督府
Central Military Commission
38
○在京
In the Capital
39
留守中衛調北京神策衛調北京廣洋衛應天衛調北京和陽衛調北京牧馬千戶所調北京
Capital Garrison Center Guard; Shence Guard (transferred to Beijing); Guangyang Guard (transferred to Beijing); Yingtian Guard; Heyang Guard (transferred to Beijing); Horse-Pasture thousand-household post (transferred to Beijing)
40
○在外
Outside the Capital
41
△直隸
Zhili
42
揚州衛和州衛後改為寧夏中屯衛，革高郵衛淮安衛鎮海衛滁州衛太倉衛泗州衛壽州衛邳州衛大河衛沂州衛金山衛新安衛蘇州衛儀真衛徐州衛安慶衛宿州千戶所
Yangzhou and Hezhou guards—the latter later Ningxia Center Garrison Guard; Gaoyou abolished; Huaian, Zhenhai, Chuzhou, Taicang, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Pizhou, Dahe, Yizhou, Jinshan, Xin'an, Suzhou, Yizhen, Xuzhou, and Anqing guards; Suzhou thousand-household post
43
△中都留守司
Zhongdu Garrison Office
44
鳳陽右衛鳳陽中衛皇陵衛鳳陽衛留守左衛留守中衛長淮衛懷遠衛洪塘千戶所
Fengyang Right, Center, and main guards; Imperial Mausoleum Guard; Garrison Left and Center guards; Changhuai and Huaiyuan guards; Hongtang thousand-household post
45
△河南都司
Henan Regional Command
46
歸德衛後屬中府陳州衛弘農衛汝甯衛後改千戶所，屬中府潼關衛後屬中府河南衛睢陽衛宣武衛信陽衛彰德衛武平衛後屬中府南陽衛甯國衛後為涿鹿衛，後屬後府懷慶衛甯山衛後屬後府潁州衛安吉衛後為通州衛親軍潁上千戶所河南左護衛河南中護衛河南右護衛三護衛後並彭城衛
Guide Guard, later Central Commission; Chenzhou, Hongnong, Runing, Tongguan, Henan, Suiyang, Xuanwu, Xinyang, Zhangde, Wuping, Ningguo, Ningshan, Yingzhou, and Anji guards with the transfers noted above; Yingshang personal thousand-household post; Henan Left, Center, and Right protector guards later merged into Pengcheng Guard
47
◎前軍都督府
Front Military Commission
48
○在京
In the Capital
49
天策衛後分為保安衛及保安右衛龍驤衛調北京豹韜衛調北京龍江衛後改為龍江左衛飛熊衛調北京
Tiance Guard, later divided into Bao'an and Bao'an Right guards; Longxiang Guard; Baotao and Longjiang guards transferred to Beijing—the Longjiang later Longjiang Left; Feixiong Guard transferred to Beijing
50
○在外
Outside the Capital
51
△直隸
Zhili
52
九江衛
Jiujiang Guard
53
△湖廣都司
Huguang Regional Command
54
武昌衛武昌左衛黃州衛永州衛岳州衛蘄州衛施州衛長沙護衛革辰州衛安陸衛後屬行都司，改承天衛襄陽衛襄陽護衛後俱屬行都司常德衛沅州衛寶慶衛沔陽衛後屬興都留守司長沙衛茶陵衛衡州衛瞿塘衛後屬行都司鎮遠衛平溪衛清浪衛偏橋衛五開衛九溪衛荊州左護衛後為荊州左衛，屬行都司，改顯陵衛荊州中護衛革靖州衛永定衛郴州千戶所夷陵千戶所後屬行都司桂陽千戶所德安千戶所後改屬興都留守司忠州千戶所後屬行都司安福千戶所道州千戶所革大庸千戶所西平千戶所革麻寮千戶所枝江千戶所後屬行都司武岡千戶所崇山千戶所革長寧千戶所後屬行都司武昌左、右、中三護衛左改東昌衛，右改徐州左衛，中改武昌護衛。
Wuchang, Wuchang Left, Huangzhou, Yongzhou, Yuezhou, Qizhou, and Shizhou guards; Changsha Protector Guard; Chenzhou abolished; Anlu (later frontier commission, renamed Chengtian); Xiangyang and Xiangyang Protector (later frontier commission); Changde, Yuanzhou, Baqing, and Mianyang guards (Mianyang later Xingdu Garrison Office); Changsha, Chaling, Hengzhou, and Qutang (Qutang later frontier commission); Zhenyuan, Pingxi, Qinglang, Pianqiao, Wukai, and Jiuxi guards; Jingzhou Left Protector (later Left Guard, frontier commission, renamed Xianling); Jingzhou Center Protector; Jingzhou abolished; Yongding Guard; Chenzhou and Yiling thousand-household posts; Guiyang (later frontier commission); De'an (later Xingdu Garrison Office); Zhongzhou, Anfu, and Daozhou posts; Dayong, Maliao, and Changning abolished; Xiping post; Zhijiang (later frontier commission); Wugang and Chongshan posts; Wuchang Left, Right, and Center protector guards became Dongchang, Xuzhou Left, and Wuchang Protector guards.
55
△福建都司
Fujian Regional Command
56
福州中衛福州左衛福州右衛興化衛泉州衛漳州衛福甯衛鎮東衛平海衛永甯衛鎮海衛
Fuzhou Center, Left, and Right guards; Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Funing, Zhendong, Pinghai, Yongning, and Zhenhai guards
57
△福建行都司
Fujian Frontier Commission
58
建甯左衛建甯右衛建陽衛革延平衛邵武衛汀州衛將樂千戶所
Jianning Left and Right guards, Jianyang Guard, Yanping abolished, Shaowu and Tingzhou guards, and Jiangle thousand-household post
59
△江西都司
Jiangxi Regional Command
60
南昌左衛南昌前衛袁州衛贛州衛吉安衛後為千戶所饒州千戶所安福千戶所會昌千戶所永新千戶所南安千戶所建昌千戶所撫州千戶所鉛山千戶所廣信千戶所
Nanchang Left and Front guards; Yuanzhou and Ganzhou guards; Ji'an (later a thousand-household post); Raozhou, Anfu, Huichang, Yongxin, Nan'an, Jianchang, Fuzhou, Qianshan, and Guangxin thousand-household posts
61
△廣東都司
Guangdong Regional Command
62
廣州前衛廣州左衛廣州右衛南海衛潮州衛雷州衛海南衛清遠衛惠州衛肇慶衛廣州後衛程鄉千戶所高州千戶所廉州千戶所後為廉州衛萬州千戶所儋州千戶所崖州千戶所南雄千戶所韶州千戶所德慶千戶所新興千戶所陽江千戶所新會千戶所龍川千戶所
Guangzhou Front, Left, Right, and Rear guards; Nanhai, Chaozhou, Leizhou, Hainan, Qingyuan, Huizhou, and Zhaoqing guards; Chengxiang and Gaozhou thousand-household posts; Lianzhou post (later Lianzhou Guard); Wanzhou, Danzhou, Yazhou, Nanxiong, Shaozhou, Deqing, Xinxing, Yangjiang, Xinhui, and Longchuan thousand-household posts
63
◎後軍都督府
Rear Military Commission
64
○在京
In the Capital
65
橫海衛鷹揚衛興武衛調北京江陰衛蒙古左衛革蒙古右衛革
Henghai, Yingyang, and Xingwu guards; Jiangyin Guard transferred to Beijing; Mongol Left Guard; Mongol Right Guard abolished
66
○在外
Outside the Capital
67
△北平都司
Beiping Regional Command
68
燕山左衛燕山右衛燕山前衛大興左衛永清左衛永清右衛濟州衛濟陽衛彭城衛通州衛已上俱改為親軍薊州衛密雲衛後為密雲後衛，屬後府真定衛永平衛山海衛遵化衛居庸關千戶所後為隆慶衛已上俱屬後府
Yanshan Left, Right, and Front, Daxing Left, Yongqing Left and Right, Jizhou, Jiyang, Pengcheng, and Tongzhou guards—all later personal guards; Jizhou Guard; Miyun (later Miyun Rear, Rear Commission); Zhending, Yongping, Shanhai, and Zunhua guards; Juyong Pass post (later Longqing Guard)—all under the Rear Commission
69
△北平行都司後為大寧都司大寧左衛大寧右衛二衛後為營州左、右護衛，改延慶左、右衛大寧中衛大寧前衛大寧後衛後為營州中護衛，改寬河衛會州衛俱改調京衛已上俱屬後府營州中護衛興州中護衛革
Beiping Frontier Commission (later Daning Regional Command): Daning Left and Right (later Yingzhou Left and Right protector guards, renamed Yanqing Left and Right); Daning Center, Front, and Rear (Center later Yingzhou Center Protector, renamed Kuanhe); Huizhou Guard—both transferred to capital guards, all under the Rear Commission; Yingzhou Center Protector; Xingzhou Center Protector abolished
70
△山西都司
Shanxi Regional Command
71
太原左衛太原右衛太原前衛振武衛平陽衛鎮西衛潞州衛蒲州千戶所廣昌千戶所沁州千戶所寧化千戶所雁門千戶所
Taiyuan Left, Right, and Front, Zhenwu, Pingyang, Zhenxi, and Luzhou guards; Puzhou, Guangchang, Qinzhou, Ninghua, and Yanmen thousand-household posts
72
△山西行都司
Shanxi Frontier Commission
73
大同左衛大同右衛大同前衛蔚州衛朔州衛
Datong Left, Right, and Front guards; Yuzhou and Shuozhou guards
74
△北平三護衛
Beiping Three Protector Guards
75
燕山左護衛燕山右護衛燕山中護衛俱為親軍
Yanshan Left, Right, and Center protector guards—all personal guards
76
△山西三護衛
Shanxi Three Protector Guards
77
太原左護衛太原右護衛太原中護衛俱革
Taiyuan Left, Right, and Center protector guards—all abolished
78
後定天下都司衛所，共計都司二十一，留守司二，內外衛四百九十三，守禦屯田羣牧千戶所三百五十九，儀衛司三十三，自儀衛司以下，舊無，後以次漸添設。 宣慰使司二，招討使司二，宣撫司六，安撫司十六，長官司七十，原五十九。 番邊都司衛所等四百七。 後作四百六十三。
Once the realm was settled, there were twenty-one regional commands, two garrison offices, four hundred ninety-three guards inside and outside the capital, three hundred fifty-nine defense, garrison-farming, and herd-management thousand-household posts, and thirty-three ceremonial guard offices—everything from ceremonial guard offices down had not existed before and was added over time. Two pacification commissions, two pacification and suppression commissions, six pacification superintendent offices, sixteen comforting commissions, and seventy chief native-official posts (originally fifty-nine). Four hundred seven frontier regional commands, guards, and posts on the borderlands. Later recorded as four hundred sixty-three.
79
親軍上二十二衛，舊制止十二衛，後增設金吾左以下十衛，俱稱親軍指揮使司，不屬五府。 又設騰驤等四衛，亦系親軍，並武功、永清、彭城及長陵等十五衛，俱不屬府。
Twenty-two upper personal guards—the old system had only twelve; later Jinwu Left and ten more were added, all titled Personal Guard Commander-in-Chief Offices and outside the Five Commissions. Four more guards including Tengxiang were personal guards; Wugong, Yongqing, Pengcheng, Changling, and fifteen others likewise belonged to no commission.
80
金吾前衛金吾後衛羽林左衛羽林右衛府軍衛府軍左衛府軍右衛府軍前衛府軍後衛虎賁左衛錦衣衛旗手衛以上舊為上十二衛
Jinwu Front and Rear, Yulin Left and Right, Fujun and Fujun Left, Right, Front, and Rear, Huben Left, Embroidered Uniform, and Banner-Bearer guards—the old upper twelve
81
金吾右衛羽林前衛以上北平三護衛，洪武三十五年升
Jinwu Right and Yulin Front guards—formerly the Beiping three protector guards, promoted in Hongwu year 35
82
燕山左衛燕山右衛燕山前衛大興左衛濟陽衛濟州衛通州衛舊為安吉衛已上北平都司七衛，永樂四年升，俱為親軍
Yanshan Left, Right, and Front, Daxing Left, Jiyang, Jizhou, and Tongzhou (formerly Anji)—seven Beiping guards promoted in Yongle year 4, all becoming personal guards
83
騰驤左衛騰驤右衛舊為神武前衛武驤左衛武驤右衛已上四衛
Tengxiang Left and Right (formerly Shenwu Front) and Wuxiang Left and Right—the four guards
84
◎五軍都督府所屬衛所
Guards and Posts under the Five Military Commissions
85
◎左軍都督府
Left Military Commission
86
○在京
In the Capital
87
留守左衛鎮南衛驍騎右衛龍虎衛瀋陽左衛瀋陽右衛俱南京舊制，永樂十八年分調
Garrison Left, Zhennan, Xiaoqi Right, Longhu, and Shenyang Left and Right guards—all Nanjing establishments, reassigned in Yongle year 18
88
○在外
Outside the Capital
89
△浙江都司
Zhejiang Regional Command
90
杭州前衛杭州後衛台州衛寧波衛處州衛紹興衛海甯衛昌國衛溫州衛臨山衛松門衛金鄉衛海門衛定海衛磐石衛觀海衛海寧千戶所衢州千戶所嚴州千戶所湖州千戶所金華千戶所澉浦千戶所以下各所，舊無，後添設乍浦千戶所三江千戶所定海後千戶所定海中左千戶所定海中中千戶所瀝海千戶所三山千戶所大嵩千戶所霩戺千戶所龍山千戶所石浦前千戶所石浦後千戶所爵谿千戶所錢倉千戶所水軍千戶所新河千戶所桃渚千戶所健跳千戶所隘頑千戶所楚門千戶所平陽千戶所里安千戶所海安千戶所蒲門千戶所壯士千戶所沙園千戶所蒲岐千戶所寧村千戶所新城千戶所舊有，後革
Hangzhou Front and Rear, Taizhou, Ningbo, Chuzhou, Shaoxing, Haining, Changguo, Wenzhou, Linshan, Songmen, Jinxiang, Haimen, Dinghai, Panshi, and Guanhai guards; Haining, Quzhou, Yanzhou, Huzhou, Jinhua, and Ganpu thousand-household posts; later-added posts including Zhapu, Sanjiang, Dinghai Rear and center posts, Lihai, Sanshan, Dasong, Huoshi, Longshan, Shipu Front and Rear, Juexi, Qiancang, Naval, Xinhe, Taozhu, Jiantiao, Aiwen, Chumen, Pingyang, Li'an, Hai'an, Pumen, Zhuangshi, Shayuan, Puqi, and Ningcun; Xincheng post (formerly existed, later abolished)
91
△遼東都司
Liaodong Regional Command
92
定遼左衛定遼右衛定遼中衛定遼前衛定遼後衛鐵嶺衛東甯衛瀋陽中衛海州衛蓋州衛金州衛復州衛義州衛遼海衛三萬衛廣甯左屯衛廣甯右屯衛廣甯中屯衛廣甯前屯衛廣甯後屯衛廣甯衛已下添設廣甯左衛廣甯右衛廣甯中衛甯遠衛撫順千戶所蒲河千戶所甯遠中左千戶所寧遠中右千戶所廣寧中前千戶所廣寧中後千戶所廣甯中左千戶所金州中左千戶所鐵嶺左右千戶所鐵嶺中左千戶所三萬前前千戶所三萬後後千戶所三萬中中千戶所遼海中中千戶所遼海右右千戶所遼海前前千戶所遼海後後千戶所東甯中左千戶所
Dingliao Left, Right, Center, Front, and Rear, Tieling, Dongning, Shenyang Center, Haizhou, Gaizhou, Jinzhou, Fuzhou, Yizhou, Liaohai, and Sanwan guards; Guangning Left, Right, Center, Front, and Rear garrison guards and Guangning Guard; later added Guangning Left, Right, and Center, Ningyuan, and numerous center and paired thousand-household posts at Fushun, Puhe, Ningyuan, Guangning, Jinzhou, Tieling, Sanwan, Liaohai, and Dongning
93
△山東都司舊有青州左護衛，後改天津右衛。 舊有貴州護衛，革
Shandong Regional Command—formerly Qingzhou Left Protector Guard, later Tianjin Right Guard. Formerly Guizhou Protector Guard, abolished
94
登州衛青州左衛萊州衛甯海衛濟南衛平山衛安東衛已下添設靈山衛鰲山衛大嵩衛威海衛成山衛靖海衛東昌衛臨清衛舊兗州左護衛，後改任城衛濟甯衛舊武昌左護衛，後改兗州護衛膠州千戶所諸城千戶所滕縣千戶所肥城千戶所已下添設海陽千戶所東平千戶所寧津千戶所雄崖千戶所浮山前千戶所福山中前千戶所奇山千戶所濮州千戶所金山左千戶所尋山後千戶所百尺崖後千戶所王徐寨前千戶所夏河寨前千戶所魯府儀衛司德府儀衛司涇府儀衛司衡府儀衛司德府羣牧所涇府羣牧所衡山羣牧所
Dengzhou, Qingzhou Left, Laizhou, Ninghai, Jinan, Pingshan, and Andong guards; later Lingshan, Aoshan, Dasong, Weihai, Chengshan, Jinghai, Dongchang, and Linqing; Rencheng (formerly Yanzhou Left Protector); Jining (formerly Wuchang Left Protector, later Yanzhou Protector); Jiaozhou, Zhucheng, Tengxian, and Feicheng posts; later Haiyang, Dongping, Ningjin, Xiongya, Fushan Front and Center-Front, Qishan, Puzhou, Jinshan Left, Xunshan Rear, Baichiya Rear, Wangxuzhai Front, and Xiahezhai Front posts; ceremonial guard offices of the Lu, De, Jing, and Heng princedoms; herd-management offices of the De and Jing princedoms and Hengshan
95
◎右軍都督府
Right Military Commission
96
○在京
In the Capital
97
留守右衛虎賁右衛武德衛俱南京舊衛，永樂十八年分調
Garrison Right, Huben Right, and Wude guards—all Nanjing establishments, reassigned in Yongle year 18
98
○在外
Outside the Capital
99
△直隸
Zhili
100
宣州衛舊無，後設
Xuanzhou Guard—not in the old system, established later
101
△陝西都司舊有階州衛、沙州衛、靈山千戶所，後俱革。
Shaanxi Regional Command—formerly Jiezhou and Shazhou guards and Lingshan thousand-household post, all later abolished.
102
西安右護衛舊泰山衛改西安左衛西安前衛西安後衛延安衛漢中衛平涼衛綏德衛寧夏衛慶陽衛鞏昌衛臨洮衛蘭州衛秦州衛岷州衛舊軍民指揮使司，嘉靖二十四年添設岷州，四十年革，後存衛河州衛舊軍民指揮使司洮州衛寧夏中護衛甘州中護衛安東中護衛寧夏前衛已下各衛舊無，後設寧夏中衛寧夏中屯衛舊和州衛寧夏左屯衛寧夏右屯衛甯羌衛靖虜衛固原衛榆林衛寧夏後衛以花馬池千戶所改興安千戶所舊金州千戶所，萬曆十年改鳳翔千戶所禮店前千戶所以下各所舊設沔縣千戶所環縣千萬所文縣千戶所階州千戶所舊屬秦州衛，嘉靖二十二年改屬都司靈州千戶所西安千戶所西固城千戶所，歸德千戶所鎮羌千戶所安邊千戶所平虜千戶所興武營千戶所鎮戎千戶所寧夏平虜千戶所秦府儀衛司慶府儀衛司肅府儀衛司韓府儀衛司寧夏羣牧所安東羣牧所甘州羣牧所
Xi'an Right Protector (formerly Taishan, later Xi'an Left), Xi'an Front and Rear, Yan'an, Hanzhong, Pingliang, Suide, Ningxia, Qingyang, Gongchang, Lintao, Lanzhou, and Qinzhou guards; Minzhou (formerly a military-civilian command, added Jiajing 24, abolished Jiajing 40, guard retained); Hezhou and Taozhou (both formerly military-civilian commands); Ningxia Center, Ganzhou Center, Andong Center, and Ningxia Front protector guards; later Ningxia Center, Center Garrison (formerly Hezhou), Left and Right Garrison, Ningqiang, Jinglu, Guyuan, Yulin, and Ningxia Rear guards; Huamachi post became Xing'an (formerly Jinzhou, Wanli 10 Fengxiang); Lidian Front and older posts at Mianxian, Huanxian, Wenxian, Jiezhou (Jiajing 22 under regional command), Lingzhou, Xi'an, Xigucheng, Guide, Zhenqiang, Anbian, Pinglu, Xingwu Camp, Zhenrong, and Ningxia Pinglu; ceremonial guard offices of the Qin, Qing, Su, and Han princedoms; Ningxia, Andong, and Ganzhou herd-management offices
103
△陝西行都司洪武十二年添設
Shaanxi Frontier Commission—established in Hongwu year 12
104
甘州左衛甘州右衛甘州中衛甘州前衛甘州後衛已上陝西甘肅衛分設永昌衛涼州衛莊浪衛西寧衛山丹衛已上舊屬陝西都司肅州衛鎮番衛鎮夷千戶所古浪千戶所高臺千戶所
Ganzhou Left, Right, Center, Front, and Rear guards (split from Gansu Guard); Yongchang, Liangzhou, Zhuanglang, Xining, and Shandan (formerly under Shaanxi Regional Command); Suzhou and Zhenfan guards; Zhenyi, Gulang, and Gaotai thousand-household posts
105
△四川都司舊有浦江關軍民千戶所，後革
Sichuan Regional Command—formerly Pujiang Pass military-civilian thousand-household post, later abolished
106
成都左護衛成都右衛成都中衛成都前衛成都後衛甯川衛茂州衛重慶衛敘南衛瀘州衛利州衛舊無，後設松潘衛舊為軍民指揮使司，後改青川千戶所保寧千戶所威州千戶所雅州千戶所大渡河千戶所廣安千戶所灌縣千戶所已下各所後設黔江千戶所疊溪千戶所建武千戶所小河千戶所蜀府儀衛司壽府儀衛司革壽府羣牧所革
Chengdu Left Protector, Right, Center, Front, and Rear guards; Ningchuan, Maozhou, Chongqing, Xunan, Luzhou, and Lizhou (Lizhou established later); Songpan (formerly a military-civilian command, later Qingchuan post); Baoning, Weizhou, Yazhou, Dadu River, Guang'an, and Guanxian posts; later Qianjiang, Diexi, Jianwu, and Xiaohe posts; Shu and Shou princedom ceremonial guard offices; Shou princedom herd-management office abolished
107
△土官
Native Officials
108
天全六番招討使司屬都司隴木頭長官司靜州長官司嶽希蓬長官司已上屬茂州衛石砫宣撫司西陽宣撫司已上屬重慶衛石耶洞長官司邑梅洞長官司已上屬酉陽宣撫司佔藏先結簇長官司蠟匝簇長官司白馬路簇長官司發山洞簇長官司阿昔洞簇長官司北定簇長官司麥匝簇長官司者多簇長官司牟力簇長官司班班簇長官司祈命簇長官司勒都簇長官司包藏簇長官司阿思簇長官司思曩兒簇長官司阿用簇長官司潘斡寨長官司八郎安撫司阿角寨安撫司麻兒匝安撫司芒兒者安撫司已上俱屬松潘衛疊溪長官司鬱即長官司已上屬疊溪千戶所
Tianquan Six-Banners pacification and suppression commission (under the regional command); Longmutou, Jingzhou, and Yuexipeng posts (Maozhou); Shizhu and Xiyang pacification superintendent offices (Chongqing); Shiyedong and Yimeidong posts (Youyang); numerous clan chief posts and Panwo Stockade post (Songpan); Balang, Ajiaozhai, Ma'erza, and Mang'erzhe comforting commissions (Songpan); Diexi and Yuji posts (Diexi thousand-household post)
109
△四川行都司舊無，後設。 舊有建昌前衛，後革
Sichuan Frontier Commission—not in the old system, established later. Formerly Jianchang Front Guard, later abolished
110
建昌衛舊屬四川都司甯番衛舊為蘇州衛，屬四川都司已下添設會川衛鹽井衛越巂衛禮州後千戶所禮州中中千戶所建昌打沖河中前千戶所德昌千戶所迷易千戶所鹽井打沖河中左千戶所冕山橋後千戶所鎮西後千戶所
Jianchang Guard (formerly under Sichuan Regional Command); Ningfan (formerly Suzhou, Sichuan Regional Command); later Huichuan, Yanjing, and Yuexi guards; Lizhou Rear and Center-Center, Jianchang Dachonghe Center-Front, Dechang, Miyi, Yanjing Dachonghe Center-Left, Mianshanqiao Rear, and Zhenxi Rear thousand-household posts
111
△土官
Native Officials
112
昌州長官司威龍長官司普濟長官司俱屬建昌衛馬喇長官司屬鹽井衛邛部長官司屬越巂衛
Changzhou, Weilong, and Puji chief native-official posts (Jianchang); Mala post (Yanjing); Qiongbu post (Yuexi)
113
△廣西都司
Guangxi Regional Command
114
桂林右衛桂林中衛南寧衛柳州衛馴象衛南丹衛已下添設慶遠衛潯州衛奉議衛廣西護衛梧州千戶所懷集千戶所武緣千戶所古田千戶所貴縣千戶所賀縣千戶所全州千戶所太平千戶所象州千戶所平樂千戶所鬱林千戶所賓州千戶所來賓千戶所富川千戶所容縣千戶所融縣千戶所灌陽千戶所河池千戶所武宣千戶所向武千戶所五屯屯田千戶所遷江屯田千戶所靖江府儀衛司
Guilin Right and Center, Nanning, Liuzhou, Elephant-Training, and Nandan guards; later Qingyuan, Xunzhou, Fengyi, and Guangxi Protector guards; Wuzhou, Huaiji, Wuyuan, Gutian, Guixian, Hexian, Quanzhou, Taiping, Xiangzhou, Pingle, Yulin, Binzhou, Laibin, Fuchuan, Rong, Guanyang, Hechi, Wuxuan, Xiangwu, Wutun and Qianjiang garrison-farming posts; Jingjiang Princedom ceremonial guard office
115
△雲南都司舊有鶴慶、通海二千戶所，革
Yunnan Regional Command—formerly Heqing and Tonghai thousand-household posts, abolished
116
雲南左衛雲南右衛雲南前衛大理衛楚雄衛臨安衛景東衛曲靖衛洱海衛永昌衛舊為金齒軍民指揮使司蒙化衛平夷衛趙州衛六涼衛雲南中衛雲南後衛已下後設廣南衛大羅衛瀾滄衛以瀾滄軍民指揮使司改騰沖衛以騰沖軍民指揮使司改安寧千戶所宜良千戶所易門千戶所楊林堡千戶所十八寨千戶所通海前前千戶所通海右右千戶所定遠千戶所馬隆千戶所姚安千戶所姚安中屯千戶所武定千戶所木密關千戶所鎮安千戶所舊為金齒千戶所，萬曆十三年改，駐守猛淋鎮姚千戶所舊為永昌千戶所，萬曆十三年改，駐守老姚關永平前前千戶所永平後後千戶所騰沖千戶所新安千戶所鳳梧千戶所
Yunnan Left, Right, Front, Center, and Rear, Dali, Chuxiong, Lin'an, Jingdong, Qujing, Erhai, Yongchang (formerly Jinchí Military-Civilian Command), Menghua, Pingyi, Zhaozhou, and Liuliang guards; later Guangnan, Daluo, and Lancang (Lancang military-civilian command became Tengchong; Tengchong command became Anning post); Yiliang, Yimen, Yanglin Fort, Shibazhai, Tonghai Front-Front and Right-Right, Dingyuan, Malong, Yao'an, Yao'an Center Garrison, Wuding, and Mimi Pass posts; Zhen'an (formerly Jinchí post, Wanli 13, garrison Menglin) and Zhenyao (formerly Yongchang post, Wanli 13, garrison Laoya Pass); Yongping Front-Front and Rear-Rear, Tengchong, Xin'an, and Fengwu posts
117
△土官
Native Officials
118
茶山長官司潞江安撫司鳳溪長官司施甸長官司鎮道安撫司楊塘安撫司俱屬永昌衛蠻莫安撫司猛臉長官司猛養長官司俱萬曆十三年改設
Chashan post, Lujiang comforting commission, Fengxi and Shidian posts, Zhendao and Yangtang comforting commissions (Yongchang); Manmo comforting commission and Menglian and Mengyang posts (established Wanli 13)
119
△貴州都司舊有層臺、重安二千戶所，俱革。 舊有平伐長官司，後隸貴陽府。 舊有平浪、九名九姓獨山州二長官司，後隸都勻府。
Guizhou Regional Command—formerly Cengtai and Chong'an thousand-household posts, all abolished. Formerly Pingfa chief native-official post, later under Guiyang Prefecture. Formerly Pinglang and Nine-Names Nine-Clans Dushanzhou chief native-official posts, later under Duyun Prefecture.
120
貴州衛永甯衛普定衛平越衛烏撒衛普安衛赤水衛威清衛興隆衛新添衛清平衛平壩衛安莊衛龍里衛安南衛都勻衛畢節衛貴州前衛舊無，後設黃平千戶所普市千戶所重安千戶所安龍千戶所白撒千戶所摩泥千戶所關索嶺千戶所阿落密千戶所平夷千戶所安南千戶所樂民千戶所七星關千戶所
Guizhou, Yongning, Puding, Pingyue, Wusa, Pu'an, Chishui, Weiqing, Xinglong, Xintian, Qingping, Pingba, Anzhuang, Longli, Annan, Duyun, Bijie, and Guizhou Front guards; later Huangping, Pushi, Chong'an, Anlong, Baisa, Moni, Guansuoling, Aluomi, Pingyi, Annan, Lemin, and Qixingguan thousand-household posts
121
△土官
Native Officials
122
新添長官司小平伐長官司把平寨長官司丹平長官司丹行長官司已上屬新添衛楊義長官司屬平越衛大平伐長官司屬龍里衛
Xintian, Xiaopingfa, Bapingzhai, Danping, and Danxing posts (Xintian Guard); Yangyi post (Pingyue); Dapingfa post (Longli)
123
◎中軍都督府
Central Military Commission
124
○在京
In the Capital
125
留守中衛神策衛應天衛和陽衛俱南京舊衛，永樂十八年調牧馬千戶所南京舊所調蕃牧千戶所添設
Garrison Center, Shence, Yingtian, and Heyang guards—all Nanjing establishments, reassigned in Yongle year 18; Horse-Pasture thousand-household post transferred; Fanmu thousand-household post (Nanjing old post) transferred and added
126
○在外
Outside the Capital
127
△直隸
Zhili
128
揚州衛高郵衛儀真衛淮安衛鎮海衛滁州衛徐州衛蘇州衛太倉衛金山衛新安衛泗州衛壽州衛邳州衛大河衛沂州衛安慶衛宿州衛舊為千戶所潼關衛已下舊屬河南都司歸德衛武平衛鎮江衛已下添設廬州衛六安衛徐州左衛建陽衛汝寧千戶所松江中千戶所青村中前千戶所南匯嘴中後千戶所嘉興中左千戶所在府吳淞江千戶所寶山千戶所劉河堡中千戶所崇明沙千戶所興化千戶所通州千戶所泰州千戶所鹽城千戶所東海中千戶所海州中前千戶所莒州千戶所
Yangzhou, Gaoyou, Yizhen, Huaian, Zhenhai, Chuzhou, Xuzhou, Suzhou, Taicang, Jinshan, Xin'an, Sizhou, Shouzhou, Pizhou, Dahe, Yizhou, and Anqing guards; Suzhou (formerly a thousand-household post); Tongguan; Guide and Wuping (formerly Henan Regional Command); Zhenjiang; later Luzhou, Lu'an, Xuzhou Left, and Jianyang; Runing, Songjiang Center, Qingcun Center-Front, Nanhuizui Center-Rear, Jiaxing Center-Left, Wusong River in-prefecture, Baoshan, Liuhe Fort Center, Chongming Sands, Xinghua, Tongzhou, Taizhou, Yancheng, Donghai Center, Haizhou Center-Front, and Juzhou posts
129
△中都留守司
Zhongdu Garrison Office
130
鳳陽衛鳳陽中衛鳳陽右衛皇陵衛留守左衛留守中衛長淮衛懷遠衛洪塘千戶所
Fengyang, Fengyang Center and Right, Imperial Mausoleum, Garrison Left and Center, Changhuai, and Huaiyuan guards; Hongtang thousand-household post
131
△河南都司舊有洛陽中護衛，後並汝州衛。
Henan Regional Command—formerly Luoyang Center Protector Guard, later merged into Ruzhou Guard.
132
河南衛弘農衛陳州衛睢陽衛宣武衛信陽衛彰德衛南陽衛懷慶衛潁川衛南陽中護衛已下添設汝州衛潁上千戶所禹州千戶所舊名鈞州，後改嵩縣千戶所衛輝前千戶所林縣千戶所鄧州前千戶所唐縣右千戶所周府儀衛司唐府儀衛司伊府儀衛司趙府儀衛司鄭府儀衛司崇府儀衛司徽府儀衛司趙府羣牧所鄭府羣牧所崇府羣牧所徽府羣牧所
Henan, Hongnong, Chenzhou, Suiyang, Xuanwu, Xinyang, Zhangde, Nanyang, Huaiqing, and Yingchuan guards; Nanyang Center Protector; later Ruzhou; Yingshang and Yuzhou (formerly Junzhou, later Songxian post); Weizhou Guard; Huixian Front, Linxian, Dengzhou Front, and Tangxian Right posts; ceremonial guard offices of the Zhou, Tang, Yi, Zhao, Zheng, Chong, and Hui princedoms; Zhao, Zheng, Chong, and Hui princedom herd-management offices
133
◎前軍都督府
Front Military Commission
134
○在京
In the Capital
135
留守前衛龍驤衛豹韜衛俱南京舊衛，永樂十八年分調
Capital Garrison Front, Longxiang, and Baotao guards—all former Nanjing establishments, reassigned in Yongle year 18
136
○在外
Outside the Capital
137
△直隸
Zhili
138
九江衛
Jiujiang Guard
139
○湖廣都司舊有武昌右千戶所，革。
Huguang Regional Command: the former Wuchang Right thousand-household post was abolished.
140
武昌衛武昌左衛黃州衛永州衛岳州衛蘄州衛施州衛辰州衛常德衛沅州衛寶慶衛沔陽衛長沙衛衡州衛茶陵衛鎮遠衛偏橋衛
Wuchang, Wuchang Left, Huangzhou, Yongzhou, Yuezhou, Qizhou, Shizhou, Chenzhou, Changde, Yuanzhou, Baqing, Mianyang, Changsha, Hengzhou, Chaling, Zhenyuan, and Pianqiao guards
141
清浪衛已上三衛在貴州境平溪衛五開衛九溪衛靖州衛永定衛甯遠衛已下添設銅鼓衛武昌護衛襄陽護衛郴州千戶所麻寮千戶所添平千戶所安福千戶所忠州千戶所在四川境大庸千戶所桂陽千戶所武岡千戶所澧州千戶所寧溪千戶所常寧千戶所鎮溪千戶所桃川千戶所枇杷千戶所錦田千戶所寧遠千戶所江華千戶所城步千戶所天柱千戶所汶溪千戶所宜章千戶所廣安千戶所大田千戶所黎平千戶所中潮千戶所新化千戶所新化亮寨千戶所隆里千戶所已上五所在貴州境平茶千戶所平茶屯千戶所銅鼓千戶所楚府儀衛司荊府儀衛司雍府儀衛司榮府儀衛司岷府儀衛司吉府儀衛司荊府羣牧所雍府羣牧所榮府羣牧所吉府羣牧所
Qinglang Guard (the three guards above in Guizhou); Pingxi, Wukai, Jiuxi, Jingzhou, Yongding, and Ningyuan guards; Tonggu added below; Wuchang and Xiangyang protector guards; Chenzhou, Maliao, Tianping, Anfu, and Zhongzhou posts; in Sichuan: Dayong, Guiyang, Wugang, Lizhou, Ningxi, Changning, Zhenxi, Taochuan, Pipa, Jintian, Ningyuan, Jianghua, Chengbu, Tianzhu, Wenxi, Yizhang, Guang'an, Datian, Liping, Zhongchao, Xinhua, Xinhua Liangzhai, and Longli posts (five in Guizhou); Pingcha, Pingcha Tun, and Tonggu posts; ceremonial guard offices of the Chu, Jing, Yong, Rong, Min, and Ji princedoms; herd-management offices of the Jing, Yong, Rong, and Ji princedoms
142
○土官
Native Officials
143
永順軍民宣慰使司屬都司臘惹洞長官司麥著黃洞長官司驢遲洞長官司施溶溪長官司白崖洞長官司田家洞長官司已上屬永順宣慰司保靖州軍民宣慰使司屬都司五寨長官司筸子坪長官司俱屬保靖宣慰司施南宣撫司屬施州衛東鄉五路安撫司屬施南宣撫司搖把洞長官司上愛茶峒長官司下愛茶峒長官司鎮遠蠻夷長官司隆奉蠻夷長官司俱屬東鄉五路安撫司忠孝安撫司屬施南忠路安撫司屬施南金峒安撫司屬施南劍南長官司屬忠路西坪蠻夷長官司屬金峒散毛宣撫司屬施州衛龍潭安撫司大旺安撫司俱屬散毛東流蠻夷長官司臘璧峒蠻夷長官司俱屬大旺忠建宣撫司屬施州衛忠峒安撫司高羅安撫司屬忠建木冊長官司屬高羅鎮南長官司唐崖長官司容美宣撫司俱屬施州衛椒山瑪瑙長官司五峯石寶長官司水盡源通塔平長官司石梁下峒長官司俱屬容美桑植安撫司屬九溪臻剖六洞橫波等處長官司屬鎮遠衛
Yongshun military-civilian pacification superintendent office (regional command): Lare, Maizhu Huang, Lvchi, Shirongxi, Baiya, and Tianjia chief posts (Yongshun); Baojing military-civilian pacification superintendent office: Wuzhai and Gaoziping posts (Baojing); Shinan pacification superintendent office (Shizhou); Dongxiang Five-Routes comforting commission (Shinan): Yaoba, Shang'ai Chachong, Xia'ai Chachong, Zhenyuan Man-yi, and Longfeng Man-yi posts; Zhongxiao, Zhonglu, and Jinnan comforting commissions (Shinan); Jiannan post (Zhonglu); Xiping Man-yi post (Jinnan); Sanmao pacification superintendent office (Shizhou): Longtan and Dawang comforting commissions (Sanmao); Dongliu and Labidong Man-yi posts (Dawang); Zhongjian pacification superintendent office (Shizhou): Zhongdong and Gaoluo comforting commissions; Muce post (Zhongjian); Zhennan post (Gaoluo); Tangya post; Rongmei pacification superintendent office (Shizhou): Jiaoshan Manao, Wufeng Shibao, Shuijinyuan Tongtaping, and Shiliang Xiadong posts (Rongmei); Sangzhi comforting commission (Jiuxi); Zhenpou Liudong Hengbo posts (Zhenyuan)
144
○湖廣行都司以湖廣都司衛所改設
Huguang Frontier Commission, reorganized from the Huguang Regional Command's guards and posts
145
荊州衛荊州左衛荊州右衛瞿塘衛襄陽衛襄陽護衛安陸衛鄖陽衛夷陵千戶所德安千戶所枝江千戶所長寧千戶所遠安千戶所竹山千戶所均州千戶所房縣千戶所忠州千戶所遼府儀衛司襄府儀衛司興府儀衛司
Jingzhou, Jingzhou Left, Jingzhou Right, Qutang, Xiangyang, Xiangyang Protector, Anlu, and Yunyang guards; Yiling, De'an, Zhijiang, Changning, Yuan'an, Zhushan, Junzhou, Fangxian, and Zhongzhou thousand-household posts; ceremonial guard offices of the Liao, Xiang, and Xing princedoms
146
○興都留守司
Xingdu Garrison Office
147
承天衛舊安陸衛，嘉靖十八年改沔陽衛舊屬都司，嘉靖二十一年改顯陵衛舊為荊州左衛，嘉靖十八年改德安千戶所舊屬行都司，嘉靖二十一年改
Chengtian Guard (formerly Anlu, Jiajing 18); Mianyang Guard (formerly regional command, Jiajing 21); Xianling Guard (formerly Jingzhou Left, Jiajing 18); De'an thousand-household post (formerly frontier commission, Jiajing 21)
148
○福建都司
Fujian Regional Command
149
福州中衛福州左衛福州右衛興化衛泉州衛漳州衛福甯衛鎮東衛平海衛永甯衛鎮海衛大金千戶所巳下添設定海千戶所梅花千戶所萬安千戶所莆禧千戶所福全千戶所金門千戶所中左千戶所高浦千戶所浦城千戶所六鰲千戶所銅山千戶所玄鍾千戶所崇武千戶所南詔千戶所龍巖千戶所
Fuzhou Center, Left, and Right, Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Funing, Zhendong, Pinghai, Yongning, and Zhenhai guards; Dajin post; later Dinghai, Meihua, Wan'an, Puxi, Fuquan, Jinmen, Zhongzuo, Gaopu, Pucheng, Liu'ao, Tongshan, Xuanzhong, Chongwu, Nanzhao, and Longyan thousand-household posts
150
○福建行都司
Fujian Frontier Commission
151
建甯左衛建甯右衛延平衛邵武衛汀州衛將樂千戶所武平千戶所已下添設永安千戶所上杭千戶所浦城千戶所
Jianning Left and Right, Yanping, Shaowu, and Tingzhou guards; Jiangle and Wuping posts; later Yong'an, Shanghang, and Pucheng thousand-household posts
152
○江西都司
Jiangxi Regional Command
153
南昌衛正德十六年，以左、前二衛並改袁州衛贛州衛吉安千戶所舊為衛饒州千戶所安福千戶所會昌千戶所永新千戶所南安千戶所建昌千戶所撫州千戶所鉛山千戶所廣信千戶所信豐千戶所甯府儀衛司淮府儀衛司益府儀衛司淮府羣牧所益府羣牧所
Nanchang Guard (Zhengde 16: Left and Front guards merged and renamed); Yuanzhou and Ganzhou guards; Ji'an post (formerly a guard); Raozhou, Anfu, Huichang, Yongxin, Nan'an, Jianchang, Fuzhou, Qianshan, Guangxin, and Xinfeng posts; ceremonial guard offices of the Ning, Huai, and Yi princedoms; herd-management offices of the Huai and Yi princedoms
154
○廣東都司
Guangdong Regional Command
155
廣州前衛廣州後衛廣州左衛廣州右衛南海衛潮州衛雷州衛海南衛清遠衛惠州衛肇慶衛廣海衛已下添設碭石衛神電衛廉州衛舊千戶所新會千戶所韶州千戶所南雄千戶所龍川千戶所程鄉千戶所德慶千戶所新興千戶所陽江千戶所高州千戶所儋州千戶所新寧千戶所萬州千戶所崖州千戶所增城千戶所東莞千戶所已下添設大鵬千戶所香山千戶所連州千戶所河源千戶所長樂千戶所平海千戶所海豐千戶所捷勝千戶所甲子門千戶所大城千戶所海門千戶所靖海千戶所蓬州千戶所澄海千戶所廣寧千戶所四會千戶所陽春千戶所海朗千戶所雙魚千戶所寧川千戶所信宜千戶所石城千戶所永安千戶所欽州千戶所靈山千戶所海康千戶所樂民千戶所海安千戶所錦囊千戶所清瀾千戶所昌化千戶所南山千戶所瀧水千戶所從化千戶所封門千戶所函口千戶所富霖千戶所
Guangzhou Front, Rear, Left, and Right, Nanhai, Chaozhou, Leizhou, Hainan, Qingyuan, Huizhou, Zhaoqing, and Guanghai guards; later Yangshi and Shendian guards; Lianzhou (formerly a post); Xinhui, Shaozhou, Nanxiong, Longchuan, Chengxiang, Deqing, Xinxing, Yangjiang, Gaozhou, Danzhou, Xinning, Wanzhou, Yazhou, Zengcheng, and Dongguan posts; later Dapeng, Xiangshan, Lianzhou, Heyuan, Changle, Pinghai, Haifeng, Jiesheng, Jiazimen, Dacheng, Haimen, Jinghai, Pengzhou, Chenghai, Guangning, Sihui, Yangchun, Hailang, Shuangyu, Ningchuan, Xinyi, Shicheng, Yong'an, Qinzhou, Lingshan, Haikang, Lemin, Hai'an, Jinnang, Qinglan, Changhua, Nanshan, Longshui, Conghua, Fengmen, Hankou, and Fulin posts
156
◎後軍都督府
Rear Military Commission
157
○在京
In the Capital
158
留守後衛鷹揚衛興武衛俱南京舊衛，永樂十八年分調大寧中衛大寧前衛會州衛俱北平行都司舊衛富峪衛已下添設，並北平山西等衛改調寬河衛舊大寧後衛神武左衛神武後衛改昭陵衛忠義左衛忠義右衛忠義前衛忠義後衛義勇中衛義勇左衛義勇右衛義勇前衛義勇後衛武成中衛蔚州左衛
Capital Garrison Rear, Yingyang, and Xingwu guards—Nanjing establishments reassigned in Yongle 18; Daning Center, Daning Front, and Huizhou guards—former Beiping Frontier Commission units; Fuyu Guard; later additions from Beiping, Shanxi, and elsewhere including Kuanhe (formerly Daning Rear), Shenwu Left and Rear (renamed Zhaoling), Zhongyi Left/Right/Front/Rear, Yongyi Center/Left/Right/Front/Rear, Wucheng Center, and Yuzhou Left
159
○在外
Outside the Capital
160
△直隸舊為北平都司，有北平三護衛，後俱為親軍。 其不繫北平舊衛者，俱永樂以後添設。
Zhili: formerly the Beiping Regional Command, whose three Beiping protector guards later became imperial guards. Guards not descended from old Beiping establishments were all added after the Yongle reign.
161
薊州衛真定衛永平衛山海衛遵化衛已上北平舊衛密雲中衛密雲後衛以舊密雲分開平中屯衛興州左屯衛興州右屯衛興州中屯衛
Jizhou, Zhending, Yongping, Shanhai, and Zunhua guards (old Beiping); Miyun Center and Rear (split from old Miyun); Kaiping Center Garrison; Xingzhou Left, Right, and Center garrison guards
162
興州前屯衛興州後屯衛延慶衛舊為北平都司居庸關千戶所，後改隆慶衛，後又改此東勝左衛東勝右衛鎮朔衛涿鹿衛舊為河南寧國衛，屬中府定邊衛神武右衛神武中衛忠義中衛盧龍衛武清衛撫甯衛德州衛甯山衛舊屬河南都司，屬中府大同中屯衛永樂初改調瀋陽中屯衛定州衛已上舊為北平、山東、山西、河南等處衛所，永樂初改調天津衛已下添設天津左衛天津右衛舊青州左護衛通州左衛通州右衛涿鹿左衛涿鹿中衛河間衛潼關衛舊屬河南都司德州左衛梁城千戶所滄州千戶所已下添設倒馬關千戶所潮河千戶所白洋口千戶所渤海千戶所寬河千戶所鎮邊城千戶所順德千戶所武定千戶所舊樂安千戶所，改屬平定千戶所蒲州千戶所俱屬山西都司，後改
Xingzhou Front and Rear garrison guards; Yanqing (formerly Beiping Juyong Pass post, later Longqing, later this name); Dongsheng Left and Right; Zhenshuo; Zhuolu (formerly Henan Ningguo, Center Commission); Dingbian; Shenwu Right and Center; Zhongyi Center; Lulong; Wuqing; Funing; Dezhou; Ningshan (formerly Henan Regional Command, Center Commission); Datong Center Garrison (Yongle reassignment); Shenyang Center Garrison; Dingzhou; the above were old Beiping, Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan guards reassigned in early Yongle; Tianjin Guard; later Tianjin Left and Right (formerly Qingzhou Left Protector), Tongzhou Left and Right, Zhuolu Left and Center, Hejian, Tongguan (formerly Henan), Dezhou Left, Liangcheng and Cangzhou posts; later Daoma Pass, Chaohe, Baiyangkou, Bohai, Kuanhe, Zhenbiancheng, Shunde, and Wuding posts (Le'an renamed and subordinate to Pingding); Puzhou post (Shanxi Regional Command, later changed)
163
○大寧都司
Daning Regional Command
164
○萬全都司宣德五年，分直隸及山西等處衛所添設。
Wanquan Regional Command: in Xuande 5, split from guards and posts in Zhili, Shanxi, and elsewhere.
165
萬全左衛萬全右衛宣府前衛宣府左衛宣府右衛懷安衛開平衛延慶左衛舊屬北平行都司，後改延慶右衛舊屬北平都司，後改龍門衛保安衛舊屬前府，後改保安右衛舊屬前府，後改蔚州衛永甯衛懷來衛興和千戶所美峪千戶所廣昌千戶所舊屬山西都司，後改四海冶千戶所長安千戶所雲川千戶所龍門千戶所
Wanquan Left and Right, Xuanfu Front/Left/Right, Huai'an, and Kaiping guards; Yanqing Left (formerly Beiping Frontier Commission, later renamed); Yanqing Right (formerly Beiping Regional Command, later renamed); Longmen; Bao'an (formerly Front Commission, later renamed); Bao'an Right (formerly Front Commission, later renamed); Yuzhou; Yongning; Huailai; Xinghe, Meiyu, and Guangchang posts (formerly Shanxi, later renamed); Sihaiye, Chang'an, Yunchuan, and Longmen posts
166
○山西都司舊有太原三護衛，後革。 蒲州千戶所，改屬直隸，廣昌千戶所，改屬萬全都司
Shanxi Regional Command: formerly three Taiyuan protector guards, later abolished. Puzhou thousand-household post moved to Zhili; Guangchang thousand-household post moved to Wanquan Regional Command
167
太原左衛太原右衛太原前衛振武衛平陽衛鎮西衛潞州衛瀋陽中護衛後設汾州衛後設沁州千戶所寧化千戶所雁門千戶所保德州千戶所已下添設偏頭關千戶所磁州千戶所甯武千戶所八角千戶所老營堡千戶所嘉靖十七年添設晉府儀衛司沈府儀衛司代府儀衛司晉府羣牧所沈府羣牧所代府羣牧所
Taiyuan Left, Right, and Front, Zhenwu, Pingyang, Zhenxi, and Luzhou guards; Shenyang Center Protector (later); Fenzhou (later); Qinzhou, Ninghua, Yanmen, and Baode posts; later Piantou Pass, Cizhou, Ningwu, Bajiao, and Laoyingbao posts (Jiajing 17); ceremonial guard offices of the Jin, Shen, and Dai princedoms; herd-management offices of the Jin, Shen, and Dai princedoms
168
○山西行都司舊有蔚州衛，後改屬萬全都司
Shanxi Frontier Commission: formerly Yuzhou Guard, later transferred to Wanquan Regional Command
169
大同左衛大同右衛大同前衛大同後衛朔州衛已下俱山西大同等處衛所調改及添設鎮虜衛安東中屯衛陽和衛玉林衛高山衛雲川衛天城衛威遠衛平虜衛山陰千戶所馬邑千戶所井坪千戶所
Datong Left, Right, Front, and Rear and Shuozhou guards (reassigned from Datong-area Shanxi guards and posts); Zhenlu, Andong Center Garrison, Yanghe, Yulin, Gaoshan, Yunchuan, Tiancheng, Weiyuan, and Pinglu guards; Shanyin, Mayi, and Jingping thousand-household posts
170
◎南京衛所親軍衛
Nanjing Guards and Posts: Imperial Guard Units
171
金吾前衛金吾後衛羽林左衛羽林右衛羽林前衛府軍衛府軍左衛府軍右衛府軍前衛府軍後衛虎賁左衛錦衣衛旂手衛金吾左衛金吾右衛江淮衛濟川衛孝陵衛犧牲千戶所
Jinyu Front and Rear, Yulin Left/Right/Front, Fubing and Fubing Left/Right/Front/Rear, Huben Left, Jinyi, Qishou, Jinyu Left and Right, Jianghuai, Jichuan, Xiaoling, and Sacrifice thousand-household post
172
◎五軍都督府屬
Subordinate to the Five Military Commissions
173
○左軍都督府本府所屬衛，仍隸北京左府。
Left Military Commission: its subordinate guards remain under the Beijing Left Commission.
174
留守左衛鎮南衛水軍左衛驍騎右衛龍虎衛龍虎左衛舊為成都右護衛，宣德六年改英武衛瀋陽左衛瀋陽右衛龍江右衛
Capital Garrison Left, Zhennan, Left Naval, Right Xiaoqi, Longhu, and Longhu Left guards; Yingwu Guard; Shenyang Left and Right and Longjiang Right guards (Longhu Left formerly Chengdu Right Protector, Xuande 6)
175
○右軍都督府本府所屬衛，仍隸北京右府。
Right Military Commission: its subordinate guards remain under the Beijing Right Commission.
176
虎賁右衛留守右衛水軍右衛武德衛廣武衛
Huben Right, Capital Garrison Right, Right Naval, Wude, and Guangwu guards
177
○中軍都督府本府所屬衛，仍隸北京中府。
Center Military Commission: its subordinate guards remain under the Beijing Center Commission.
178
留守中衛神策衛廣洋衛應天衛和陽衛牧馬千戶所
Capital Garrison Center, Shence, Guangyang, Yingtian, Heyang, and Muma thousand-household post
179
○前軍都督府本府所屬衛，仍隸北京前府。
Front Military Commission: its subordinate guards remain under the Beijing Front Commission.
180
留守前衛龍江左衛龍驤衛飛熊衛天策衛豹韜衛豹韜左衛舊為成都中護衛，宣德六年改調
Capital Garrison Front, Longjiang Left, Longxiang, Feixiong, Tianche, Baotao, and Baotao Left guards (Baotao Left formerly Chengdu Center Protector, Xuande 6)
181
○後軍都督府本府所屬衛，仍隸北京後府。
Rear Military Commission: its subordinate guards remain under the Beijing Rear Commission.
182
留守後衛橫海衛鷹揚衛興武衛江陰衛
Capital Garrison Rear, Henghai, Yingyang, Xingwu, and Jiangyin guards
183
羈縻衛所，洪武、永樂間邊外歸附者，官其長，為都督、都指揮、指揮、千百戶、鎮撫等官，賜以敕書印記，設都司衛所。
Tributary guards and posts: during Hongwu and Yongle, border peoples who submitted were given offices from regional commander down to garrison adjutant, with patent letters, seals, and newly established commands and guards.
184
◎都司一奴兒幹都司
Regional Commands I: Nurgan Regional Command
185
○衛三百八十四
Guards: 384
186
朵顏衛泰甯衛建州衛必里衛舊《會典》作兀里福餘衛已上洪武間置
Duoyan, Taining, Jianzhou, and Bili guards (old Statutes: Wuli Fuyu); established in Hongwu
187
兀者衛兀者左衛兀者右衛兀者後衛赤不罕衛屯河衛安省衛已上永樂二年置
Wuzhe, Wuzhe Left/Right/Rear, Chibuhan, Tunhe, and Ansheng guards; Yongle 2
188
毛憐衛虎兒文衛失里綿衛奴兒幹衛堅河衛舊《會典》有溫河撒力衛已上永樂三年置
Maolian, Hu'erwen, Shilimian, Nurgan, and Jianhe guards (old Statutes: Wenhe Sali); Yongle 3
189
古賁河衛右城衛塔魯木衛蘇溫河衛斡灘河衛舊《會典》有灘納河兀者前衛卜顏衛亦罕河衛納憐河衛麥蘭河衛兀列河衛雙城衛撒剌兒衛亦馬剌衛斡蘭衛亦兒古里衛脫木河衛卜剌罕衛密陳衛脫倫衛嘉河衛塔山衛阿速江衛速平江衛木魯罕山衛馬英山衛土魯亭山衛木塔里山衛朵林山衛兀也吾衛吉河衛劄竹哈衛舊《會典》有撒竹籃福山衛舊《會典》作福三肥河衛哈溫河衛舊《會典》作哈里河木束河衛撒兒忽衛罕答河衛舊《會典》作忽答河劄童衛已上永樂四年置
Gubenhe, Youcheng, Talumu, Suwenhe, Wotanhe (old Statutes: Tannahe Wuzhe Front), Buyan, Yihanhe, Nalinghe, Mailanhe, Wuliehe, Shuangcheng, Sala'er, Yimala, Wolan, Yierguli, Tuomuhe, Bulahan, Michen, Tuolun, Jiahe, Tashan, Asujiang, Supingjiang, Muluhanshan, Mayingshan, Tulutingshan, Mutalishan, Duolinshan, Wuyewu, Jihe, Zhazhuha (old Statutes: Sazhulan Fushan; Fusan Feihe; Hawenhe as Halihe Mushuhe; Handahe as Hudahe Zhazhong); Yongle 4
190
阿古河衛喜樂溫河衛木陽河衛哈蘭城衛可令河衛兀的河衛哥吉河衛野木河衛納剌吉河衛亦里察河衛野兒定河衛卜魯丹河衛好屯河衛喜剌烏河衛舊《會典》作喜速烏考郎兀衛亦速里河衛阿剌山衛隨滿河衛撒禿河衛忽蘭山衛古魯渾山衛阿資河衛甫里河衛答剌河衛舊《會典》作納剌河撒只剌河衛阿里河衛舊《會典》作阿吉河依木河衛亦文山衛木蘭河衛朵兒必河衛甫門河衛已上永樂五年置
Aguhe, Xilewenhe, Muyanghe, Halan Cheng, Kelinghe, Wudihe, Gejihe, Yemuhe, Nalajihe, Yilichahe, Ye'erdinghe, Buludanhe, Haotunhe, Xilawuhe (old Statutes: Xisuwu Kaolangwu), Yisulihe, Alashan, Suimanhe, Satuhe, Hulanshan, Guluhunshan, Azihe, Fulihe, Dalahe (old Statutes: Nalahe Sazhilahe), Alihe (old Statutes: Ajihe Yimuhe), Yiwenshan, Mulanhe, Duo'erbhe, and Fumenhe guards; established in Yongle year 5
191
納木河衛童寬山衛兀魯罕河衛塔罕山衛者帖列山衛木興衛友帖衛牙魯衛益實衛剌魯衛乞忽衛兀里溪山衛希灘河衛弗朵禿河衛阿者迷河衛撒察河衛斡蘭河衛阿真河衛木忽剌河衛欽真河衛克默河衛察剌禿山衛嘔罕河衛阮里河衛列門河衛禿都河衛實山衛忽里急山衛莫溫河衛薛列河衛已上永樂六年置
Namuhe, Tongkuanshan, Wuluhanhe, Tahanshan, Zhetielieshan, Muxing, Youtie, Yalu, Yishi, Lalu, Qihu, Wulixishan, Xitanhe, Fuduotuhe, Azhemihe, Sachahe, Wolanhe, Azhenhe, Muhulahe, Qinzhenhe, Kemohhe, Chalatushan, Ouhanhe, Ruanlihe, Liemenhe, Tudouhe, Shishan, Hulijishan, Mowenhe, and Xueliehe guards; established in Yongle year 6
192
卜魯兀衛葛林衛把城衛劄肥河衛忽石門衛劄嶺上衛木里吉衛忽兒海衛伏里其衛乞勒尼衛愛河衛把河衛和屯吉衛失里木衛阿倫衛古里河衛塔麻速衛已上永樂七年置
Buluwu, Gelin, Bacheng, Zhafeihe, Hushimen, Zhaling Shang, Muliji, Hu'erhai, Fuliqi, Qileni, Aihe, Bahe, Hetunji, Shilimu, Alun, Gulihe, and Tamasu guards; Yongle 7
193
木興河衛木剌河衛舊《會典》作木束河衛喜申衛使防河衛舊《會典》作使方河甫兒河衛亦麻河衛兀應河衛法因河衛阿答赤河衛舊《會典》作阿答古木山衛葛稱哥衛已上永樂八年置
Muxinghe, Mulahe (old Statutes: Mushuhe), Xishen, Shifanghe (old Statutes: Shifanghe Fu'erhe), Yimahe, Wuyinghe, Fayinhe, Adachihe (old Statutes: Adagumushan), and Gechengge guards; Yongle 8
194
督罕河衛建州左衛只兒蠻衛兀剌衛順民衛囊哈兒衛古魯衛舊《會典》作古魯山滿徑衛哈兒蠻衛塔亭衛也孫倫衛可木河衛弗思木衛弗提衛已上永樂十年置
Duhanhe, Jianzhou Left, Zhier Man, Wula, Shunmin, Nangha'er, Gulu (old Statutes: Gulu Shan Manjing), Ha'er Man, Tating, Yesunlun, Kemuhe, Fusimu, and Futi guards; Yongle 10
195
斡朵倫衛永樂十一年置
Woduolun Guard, established in Yongle 11
196
哈兒分衛阿兒溫河衛速塔兒河衛兀屯河衛玄城衛和卜羅衛老哈河衛失兒兀赤衛卜魯禿河衛可河衛乞塔河衛兀剌忽衛已上永樂十二年置
Ha'erfen, A'erwenhe, Suta'erhe, Wutunhe, Xuancheng, Hebuluo, Laohahe, Shierwuchi, Bulutuhe, Kehe, Qitahe, and Wulahu guards; Yongle 12
197
渚冬河衛劄真衛兀里哈里衛忽魯愛衛已上永樂十三年置
Zhudonghe, Zhazhen, Wulihali, and Huliai guards; Yongle 13
198
吉灘河衛亦馬忽山衛已上永樂十四年置
Jitanhe and Yimahushan guards; Yongle 14
199
阿真同真衛亦東河衛亦迷河衛已上永樂十五年置
Azhentongzhen, Yidonghe, and Yimihe guards; Yongle 15
200
建州右衛益實左衛阿答赤衛塔山左衛舊《會典》作塔山前城討溫衛舊《會典》作「成」，已上俱正統間置
Jianzhou Right, Yishi Left, Adachi, Tashan Left (old Statutes: Tashan Qiancheng), and Taowen (old Statutes: Cheng) guards; all Zhengtong
201
寄住毛憐衛此下正統已後續置
Resident Maolian Guard; the guards below were added after Zhengtong
202
可木衛失里衛失木魯河衛忽魯木衛塔馬速衛失烈木衛吉灘衛和屯衛禾屯吉河衛亦失衛亦力克衛納木衛弗納河衛忽失木衛兀也衛也速倫衛巴忽魯衛兀牙山衛塔木衛忽里山衛罕麻衛木里吉河衛引門河衛亦里察衛只卜得衛塔兒河衛木忽魯衛木答山衛立山衛可吉河衛忽失河衛脫倫兀衛阿的納河衛兀力衛阿速衛速溫河衛納剌吉衛撒剌衛亦實衛弗朵脫河衛亦屯河衛兀討溫河衛甫河衛剌山衛阿者衛童山寬衛替里衛亦里察河衛哈黑分衛禿河衛好屯衛乞列尼衛撒里河衛忽思木衛兀里河衛忽魯山衛弗兒秀河衛沒脫倫衛阿魯必河衛咬里山衛亦文衛寫豬洛衛答里山衛古木河衛剌兒衛兀同河衛出萬山衛者屯衛喜辰衛海河衛蘭河衛朵州山衛者亦河衛納速吉河衛把忽兒衛鎮真河衛也速河衛者剌禿衛也魯河衛亦里河衛失里兀衛斡朵里衛禿屯河衛者林山衛波羅河衛朵兒平河衛散力衛密剌禿山衛甫門衛細木河衛沒倫河衛弗禿都河衛者列帖衛察劄禿河衛出萬河衛者帖列衛兀失衛忽里河衛失里綿河衛兀剌河衛愛河衛洽剌察衛卜忽禿河衛沒倫衛卜魯衛以哈阿哈衛速江平衛兀山衛弗力衛失郎山衛亦屯衛木河衛竹墩衛河木衛哈郎衛歲班衛失山衛考郎衛築屯衛黑里河衛右城衛弗河衛文東河衛阿古衛弗山衛兀答里衛納速河衛失列河衛朵兒玉衛兀魯河衛弗郎罕河衛赤卜罕山衛老河衛竹里河衛吉答納河衛者不登衛也速脫衛阿木河衛顏亦衛已下添設山答衛塔哈衛弗魯納河衛行子衛兀勒阿城衛阿失衛吉真納河衛法衛薄羅衛塔麻所衛布兒哈衛亦思察河衛失剌衛卜忽禿衛撒里衛你實衛平河衛忽里吉山衛阿乞衛臺郎衛塞克衛拜苦衛所力衛巴里衛塔納衛木郎衛額克衛勒伏衛式木衛樹哈衛肥哈答衛蓋千衛英禿衛乞忽衛阿林衛哈兒速衛巴答衛脫木衛忽把衛速哈兒衛馬失衛塔賽衛劄里衛者哈衛恨克衛哈失衛交枝衛葛衛艾答衛亦蠻衛哈察衛革出衛卜答衛蜀河衛禿里赤山衛賽因衛忙哈衛
One hundred ninety-five guards continued after Zhengtong: Kemu, Shili, Shimuluhe, Hulumu, Tamasu, Shiliemu, Jitan, Hetun, Hetunjihe, Yishi, Yilike, Namu, Fonahe, Hushimu, Wuye, Yesulun, Bahulu, Wuyashan, Tamu, Hulishan, Hanma, Mulijihe, Yinmenhe, Yilicha, Zhibude, Taerhe, Muhulu, Mudashan, Lishan, Kejihe, Hushihe, Tuolunwu, Adinahe, Wuli, Asu, Suwenhe, Nalaji, Sala, Yishi Shi, Fuduotuohe, Yitunhe, Wutaowenhe, Fuhe, Lashan, Azhe, Tongshankuan, Tili, Yilichahe, Haheifen, Tuhe, Haotun, Qieleni, Salihe, Husimu, Wulihe, Hulushan, Fuerxiuhe, Motuolun, Alubehe, Yaolishan, Yiwen, Xiezhuluo, Dalishan, Gumuhe, Laer, Wutonghe, Chuwanshan, Zhetun, Xichen, Haihe, Lanhe, Duozhoushan, Zheyihe, Nasujihe, Bahu'er, Zhenzhenhe, Yasuhe, Zhelatu, Yeluhe, Yilihe, Shiliwu, Woduoli, Tutunhe, Zhelinshan, Boluohe, Duoerpinghe, Sanli, Milatushan, Fumen, Ximuhe, Molunhe, Futudouhe, Zhelietie, Chazhatuhe, Chuwanhe, Zhetielie, Wushi, Hulihe, Shilimianhe, Wulahe, Aihe, Qialacha, Buhutuohe, Molun, Bulu, Yihahaha, Sujiangping, Wushan, Fuli, Shilangshan, Yitun, Muhe, Zhudun, Hemu, Halang, Suiban, Shishan, Kaolang, Zhutun, Heilihe, Youcheng, Fuhe, Wendonghe, Agu, Fushan, Wudali, Nasuhe, Shiliehe, Duoeryu, Wuluhe, Fulanghanhe, Chibuhan Shan, Laohe, Zhulihe, Jidanahe, Zhebudeng, Yasutuo, Amuhe, Yanyi, Baiku, Suoli, Fulunahe, Xingzi, Wuleacheng, Ashi, Jizhennahe, Fa, Boluo, Tamasuo, Buerha, Yisichahe, Shila, Buhutuo, Sali, Nishi, Pinghe, Hulijishan, Aqi, Tailang, Saike, Bali, Tana, Mulang, Eke, Lefu, Shimu, Shuha, Feihada, Gaiqian, Yingtu, Qihu, Alin, Haersu, Bada, Tuomu, Huba, Suhaer, Mashi, Tasai, Zhali, Zheha, Henke, Hashi, Jiaozhi, Ge, Aida, Yiman, Hacha, Gechu, Buda, Shuhe, Tulichishan, Saiyin and Mangha guards (full list in the literal translation).
203
○所二十四
Posts: 24
204
兀者託溫千戶所哈魯門山千戶所兀者揆野木千戶所兀的罕千戶所兀者穩免赤千戶所得的河千戶所魚失千戶所五年千戶所兀者已河千戶所真河千戶所兀的千戶所屯河千戶所哈三千戶所兀者屯河千戶所古賁河千戶所五音千戶所鎖郎塔真河千戶所兀者揆野人千戶所敷答河千戶所兀禿河千戶所可里踢千戶所哈魯門千戶所兀討溫河千戶所兀者撒野人千戶所
Twenty-four thousand-household posts: Wuzhe Tuowen, Halumen Shan, Wuzhe Kuaiyemu, Wudi Han, Wuzhe Wenmianchi, Dedehe, Yushi, Wunian, Wuzhe Yihe, Zhenhe, Wudi, Tunhe, Hasan, Wuzhe Tunhe, Gubenhe, Wuyin, Suolangta Zhenhe, Wuzhe Kuaiyeren, Fudahe, Wutuhe, Keliti, Halumen, Wutaowenhe, and Wuzhe Sayeren
205
△站七
Relay stations: 7
206
別兒真站黑龍江地方莽亦帖站弗朵河站亦罕河衛忽把希站忽把希站弗答林站古代替站
Bie'erzhen; Heilongjiang Mangyitie; Fuduohe; Yihanhe Hubaxi; Hubaxi; Fudalin; and Gudaiti relay stations
207
○地面七
Territories: 7
208
弗孫河地面木溫河地面埇坎河地面撒哈地面亦馬河咬東地面可木地面黑龍江地面
Fusunhe, Muwenhe, Yongkanhe, Saha, Yimahe Yaodong, Kemu, and Heilongjiang territories
209
○寨一
Stockades: 1
210
黑龍江忽里平寨
Heilongjiang Huliping Stockade
211
西北諸部，在明初服屬，授以指揮等官，設衛給誥印。
Northwestern tribes submitting in early Ming received commander ranks, guards, and patent letters with seals.
212
○衛六
Guards: 6
213
赤斤蒙古衛罕東衛安定衛阿端衛曲先衛哈密衛
Chijin Mongol, Handong, Anding, Aduan, Quxian, and Hami guards
214
西番即古吐番。 洪武初，遣人招諭，又令各族舉舊有官職者至京，授以國師及都指揮、宣慰使、元帥、招討等官，俾因俗以治。 自是番僧有封灌頂國師及贊善、闡化等王，大乘大寶法王者，俱給印誥，傳以為信。 所設有都指揮使司、指揮司。
The Western Fan are the ancient Tibetans. Early in Hongwu, envoys summoned them and each people sent former officeholders to the capital for appointment as national preceptors, regional vice-commanders, pacification superintendents, marshals, and pacification commissioners, governing by local custom. Later Tibetan monks were enfeoffed as consecration national preceptors and as Goodness, Propagation, and Mahayana Great Treasure dharma kings, each with patent letters and seals as credentials. Established offices include regional vice-command commissions and guard-command commissions.
215
○都指揮使司二
Regional vice-command commissions: 2
216
烏思藏都指揮使司朵甘衛都指揮使司
U-Tsang Regional Vice-Command Commission and Duo'gan Guard Regional Vice-Command Commission
217
○指揮使司一
Guard-command commissions: 1
218
隴答衛指揮使司
Longda Guard Command Commission
219
○宣尉使司三
Pacification superintendent offices: 3
220
朵甘宣慰使司董卜韓胡宣慰使司長河西魚通甯遠宣慰使司
Duo'gan, Dongbu Hanhu, and Changxihe Yutong Ningyuan pacification superintendent offices
221
○招討司六
Pacification and suppression commissions: 6
222
朵甘思招討司朵甘隴答招討司朵甘丹招討司朵甘倉溏招討司朵甘川招討司磨兒勘招討司
Duo'gansi, Duo'gan Longda, Duo'gan Dan, Duo'gan Cangtang, Duo'gan Chuan, and Mo'erkan pacification and suppression commissions
223
○萬戶府四
Ten-thousand-household offices: 4
224
沙兒可萬戶府乃竹萬戶府羅思端萬戶府別思麻萬戶府
Sha'erke, Naizhu, Luosiduan, and Biesima ten-thousand-household offices
225
○千戶所十七
Thousand-household offices: 17
226
朵甘思千戶所剌宗千戶所孛里加千戶所長河西千戶所多八三孫千戶所加八千戶所兆日千戶所納竹千戶所倫答千戶所果由千戶所沙里可哈忽的千戶所孛里加思千戶所撒里土兒千戶所參卜郎千戶所剌錯牙千戶所泄里壩千戶所潤則魯孫千戶所
Seventeen thousand-household offices: Duo'gansi, Cizong, Bolijia, Changxihe, Duobasan Sun, Jiaqian, Zhaori, Nazhu, Lundda, Guoyou, Shalikahaohude, Bolijiasi, Salituer, Canbulang, Lacuoya, Xieliba, and Runzelusun
227
班軍者衛所之軍番上京師，總為三大營者也。 初，永樂十三年詔邊將及河南、山東、山西、陝西各都司，中都留守司，江南、北諸衛官，簡所部卒赴北京，以俟臨閱。 京操自此始。 仁宗初，因英國公張輔等言，調直隸及近京軍番上操備，諭以畢農而來，先農務遣歸。 既而輔言：「邊軍比悉放還，京軍少，請調山東、河南、中都、淮、揚諸衛校閱。」 制曰：「可」。 又敕河南、山東、山西、大寧及中都將領，凡軍還取衣裝者，以三月畢務，七月至京，老弱者選代，官給之馬。 歲春秋番上，共十六萬人：大寧七萬七百餘，中都、山東遞殺，河南最少，僅一萬四千有奇。 定為例。 後允成國公硃勇等請，罷鞏昌諸衛及階、文千戶所班軍，代以陝西內地卒。 山東衛士沿海備倭，沿海衛士復內調，通州衛士漕淮安粟，安慶衛士赴京操，不便，皆更之。 已，並放還陝西班軍。 正統中，京操軍皆戍邊，乃遣御史於江北、山東、北直選卒，為京師備。 景泰初，邊事棘，班軍悉留京，間歲乃放還取衣裝。 於是于謙、石亨議三分之，留兩番操備。 保定、河間、天津放五十日，河南、山東九十日，淮、揚、中都百日，紫荊、倒馬、白羊三關及保定諸城戍卒，屬山東、河南者，亦如之。 逃者，官鐫秩三等，卒盡室謫邊衛。 明年，謙又言：「班軍分十營團練，久不得休，請仍分兩番。」 報可。
Rotational troops are guard and post soldiers who rotate to the capital for duty, forming the three great camps. At the outset, in Yongle year 13, the throne ordered frontier generals and the Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, and Shaanxi regional commands, the Central Capital garrison command, and guard officers north and south of the Yangtze to pick men from their units for Beijing, there to await review. Capital drill dates from this measure. Early in the Renzong reign, on the advice of Zhang Fu, Duke of Yingguo, and others, Zhili and near-capital troops were put on rotating drill duty, told to report only after the harvest, and sent home whenever farm work came first. Fu soon added: "Frontier troops have almost all been released; the capital is short of men. I ask that guards in Shandong, Henan, the Central Capital, Huai, and Yang be called up for inspection. The rescript read: "Approved." A further edict told the Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Daning, and Central Capital commanders that troops sent home for kit must finish farm work by the third month and reach Beijing by the seventh; the old and weak were to be replaced by selection, with official horses supplied. Spring and autumn rotations brought 160,000 men to the capital each year: Daning supplied more than 70,700; the Central Capital and Shandong contributed less in turn; Henan the least, barely 14,000-odd. This became fixed precedent. Later, at the request of Zhu Yong, Duke of Chengguo, and others, Gongchang guards and the Jie and Wen thousand-household posts were dropped from rotation and replaced with inland Shaanxi troops. Shandong guards posted on the coast against wokou, coastal guards pulled inland, Tongzhou guards hauling Huai'an grain, and Anqing guards drilling at the capital were all awkward arrangements and were all revised. Shaanxi rotational troops were soon sent home as well. Under Zhengtong, capital-drill troops were all on frontier duty, so censors were dispatched to Jiangbei, Shandong, and Beizhili to levy men as a capital reserve. When Jingtai began his reign, frontier alarms were acute; rotational troops were all kept in Beijing and sent home for kit only every other year. Yu Qian and Shi Heng then proposed splitting the force in three, keeping two rotations on drill duty in the capital. Baoding, Hejian, and Tianjin troops received fifty days' leave; Henan and Shandong ninety; Huai, Yang, and the Central Capital one hundred; garrison men at Zijing, Daoma, and Baiyang passes and Baoding's walled cities under Shandong or Henan were treated the same. Deserters cost their officers three ranks; soldiers and whole households were banished to frontier guards. The next year Qian urged again: "Rotational troops are massed in ten camps and long without rest. Let them rotate in two batches again. The court approved.
228
成化間，河南秋班軍二千餘不至，下御史趣之。 海內燕安，外衛卒在京只供營繕諸役，勢家私佔復半之。 卒多畏苦，往往愆期，乃定遠限罪，輕者發居庸、密雲、山海關罰班六月。 重者發邊衛罰班至年半。 令雖具，然不能革也。
During Chenghua, more than 2,000 Henan autumn-rotation troops failed to appear; censors were sent to hurry them along. With peace inside the realm, outer-guard men in the capital served only on construction and the like, while powerful households privately claimed half of them again. Soldiers mostly dreaded the hardship and often arrived late, so deadlines and penalties were set: lighter cases were sent to Juyong, Miyun, and Shanhai passes for six months' penalty rotation. Severe cases were posted to frontier guards for penalty rotation of up to eighteen months. The rules were on the books, yet the abuse could not be uprooted.
229
弘治中，兵部言佔役之害，罰治如議。 於是選衛兵八萬團操，內外各半。 外衛四萬，兩番迭上。 李東陽極言工作困軍，班軍逾期不至，大率坐此。 帝然之。 末年，歸大寧卒兩班萬人。 正德中，宣府軍及京營互調，春秋番換如班軍例。 迄世宗立乃已。
Under Hongzhi the Ministry of War reported the harm of private requisitioning, and penalties were applied as proposed. Eighty thousand guard troops were then chosen for mass drill, half from the capital districts and half from outer guards. Outer guards supplied 40,000 men, rotating in two batches. Li Dongyang argued forcefully that construction work broke the troops and that rotational troops usually arrived late—chiefly for this reason. The emperor assented. In his last years, two Daning rotations totaling 10,000 men were sent home. Under Zhengde, Xuanfu and capital-camp troops were exchanged in spring and autumn rotations on the rotational-troop model. The practice lasted until the Jiajing emperor's accession, when it stopped.
230
嘉靖初，尚書李承勳言：「永樂中調軍番上京師，後遂踵為故事，衛伍半空，而在京者徒供營造。 不若省行糧之費，以募工作。」 御史鮑象賢請分班軍為三，二入營操，一以赴役。 通政司陳經復請半放之，收其糧募工。 皆不行。 久之，從翊國公郭勳言，寬河南因災不至班軍，而諭後犯者罪必如法。 兵部因條議，軍士失期，治將領之罪，以多寡為差，重者至鐫秩戍邊。 報可。 其後邊警棘，乃並番上軍為一班，五月赴京，十一月放還，每歲秋防見兵十五六萬。 仇鸞用事，抽邊卒入衛，凡選士六萬八千餘。 又免大寧等衛軍京操，改防薊鎮，班軍遂耗減。 豐城侯李熙核其數，僅四萬人，因請改徵銀召募，而以見軍四萬歸營操練。 嚴嵩議以「各衛兵雖有折幹之弊，然清核令下，猶凜凜畏罪。 若奉旨徵銀，恐借為口實，祖宗良法深意，一旦蕩然」。 帝是之。 折幹者，衛卒納銀，將弁以免其行，有事則召募以應。 亡何，從平江伯陳圭奏，仍令中都、山東、河南軍分春秋兩班，別為一營，春以三月至，八月還，秋以九月至，來歲二月還，工作毋擅役。
Early in Jiajing, Minister Li Chengxun said: "Under Yongle, troops were rotated to the capital; the practice hardened into precedent, leaving guard rolls half empty while men in Beijing did nothing but construction. It would be better to save travel grain and hire labor for public works. Censor Bao Xiangxian asked to split rotational troops three ways: two parts to drill in camp, one to labor. Supervising Secretary Chen Jing again proposed releasing half and using their grain rations to hire workers. None of these plans was adopted. Long afterward, on the advice of Guo Xun, Duke of Yiguo, Henan rotational troops delayed by disaster were excused, while later offenders were warned that the law would be enforced without leniency. The Ministry of War then laid down rules: when soldiers missed rotation, commanders were punished in proportion to the numbers involved, the heaviest cases costing rank and frontier exile. The court approved. When frontier alarms grew acute, rotating troops were merged into a single batch arriving in the fifth month and released in the eleventh; each autumn the capital could field 150,000 to 160,000 men. While Qiu Luan held power, he drew frontier soldiers into capital guards, selecting more than 68,000 men in all. Daning and other guards were also exempted from capital drill and reassigned to the Ji garrison, and rotational numbers shrank. Li Xi, Marquis of Fengcheng, audited the rolls and found only 40,000 men; he asked to levy silver for recruitment and put the 40,000 present troops back under camp drill. Yan Song argued: "Although every guard suffered from the zhegan abuse, once the audit order went out the men still feared punishment. If the throne ordered silver collection in place of service, people would seize on it as a pretext and the ancestral system would collapse overnight." The emperor agreed with him. Zhegan meant guard soldiers paid silver so officers could excuse them from rotation; when need arose, recruits were hired to fill the gap. Soon afterward, on Chen Gui, Earl of Pingjiang's, memorial, Central Capital, Shandong, and Henan troops were again split into spring and autumn batches in a separate camp: spring troops arrived in the third month and left in the eighth; autumn troops arrived in the ninth and left the following second month; labor could not be assigned without authorization.
231
隆慶初，大發治河，軍人憚久役，逃亡多。 部議於見役軍中，簡銳者著伍，而以老弱供畚鍤。
Early in Longqing, major river works were launched; soldiers dreaded long service and deserted in large numbers. The ministry proposed picking the able-bodied for combat ranks among troops on active duty and assigning the old and weak to shovel and basket work.
232
萬曆二年，科臣言，班軍非為工作設。 下兵部，止議以小工不得概派而已。 時積弊已久，軍士苦役甚，多愆期不至。 故事，失班脫逃者，罰工銀，追月糈。 其後額外多徵，軍益逃，中都尤甚。 自嘉靖四十三年後，積逋工銀至五十餘萬兩。 巡撫都御史張翀乞蠲額外工價，軍三犯者，不必罰工，竟調邊衛。 而巡視京營給事中王道成則言：「凡軍一班不到，即系一年脫伍，盡扣月糧。 本軍仍如例解京，罰補正班。 三年脫班，仍調邊衛。」 並報可。 衛軍益大困。
In Wanli year 2, a supervising secretary said rotational troops were not created to serve as laborers. The matter went to the Ministry of War, which would only say that minor jobs must not be assigned wholesale. By then abuses were entrenched; soldiers were crushed by labor and many failed to arrive on time. By precedent, men who missed rotation or deserted paid a work fine and forfeited monthly grain. Later extra levies multiplied; desertions increased, above all in the Central Capital. After Jiajing year 43, unpaid work fines piled up to more than 500,000 taels. Grand Coordinator Zhang Chong asked to abolish extra work charges; after three offenses soldiers need not pay work fines but were posted straight to frontier guards. Wang Daocheng, supervising secretary inspecting the capital camps, said: "If a soldier missed one rotation, he was counted absent from the rolls for a year and all monthly grain was withheld. His home guard still had to send a replacement to the capital as usual to cover the regular rotation as a penalty. After three years of missed rotation, he was still transferred to a frontier guard. Both proposals were approved. Guard soldiers were driven still deeper into hardship.
233
後二十九年，帝以班軍多老弱僱倩，令嚴飭之。 職方主事沈朝煥給班軍餉，皆傭諸丐，因言：「班軍本處有大糧，到京有行糧，又有鹽斤銀，所費十餘萬金，今皆虛冒。 請解大糧貯庫，有警可召募，有工可僱役。」 部議請先申飭，俟大工竣行之。 是時專以班軍為役夫，番上之初意盡失矣。
Twenty-nine years later, seeing that many rotational troops were old, weak, or hired substitutes, the emperor ordered strict correction. Shen Chaohuan of the Bureau of Appointments, issuing rotational pay, found that beggars had been hired in place of soldiers. He said: "Rotational troops draw large grain at home, travel grain in the capital, and salt-jin silver besides—more than 100,000 taels in all—and the claims are largely false. Let the large grain be deposited in the treasury: in alarm, recruit; for works, hire labor. The ministry replied that discipline should be tightened first and the plan carried out after major works ended. By then rotational troops served only as laborers, and the original purpose of rotation was wholly lost.
234
又五年，內庭有小營繕，中官陳永壽請仍用班軍，可節省。 給事中宋一韓爭之，謂：「班軍輸操即三大營軍，所繫甚重。 今邊鄙多事，萬一關吏不謹，而京師團練之軍多召募，遊徼之役多役佔，皇城宿衛多白徒，四衛扈從多廝役。 即得三都司健卒三萬，猶不能無恐，況動以興作朘削，名存實亡，緩急何賴哉？」 不聽。 四十年，給事中麻僖請恤班操之苦。 後六年，順天巡撫都御史劉曰梧言班軍無濟實用，因陳募兵十利。 是時，法益弛，軍不營操，皆居京師為商販、工藝，以錢入班將。
Five years later, when the inner palace needed minor repairs, the eunuch Chen Yongshou again asked to use rotational troops, claiming it would save money. Supervising Secretary Song Yihan objected: "Rotational troops sent up for drill are the backbone of the three great camps—a matter of the highest weight. The frontier is unsettled; if pass officers grow careless, capital drill troops will be mostly recruits, patrol duties mostly seized for labor, palace guards mostly untrained men, and the four escort guards mostly servants. Even 30,000 fit men from the three capital-area commands would leave cause for fear—how much less when construction constantly pares them away, leaving the name but not the substance? What would we rely on in an emergency? The court did not listen. In year 40, Supervising Secretary Ma Xi asked relief for the hardships of rotational drill. Six years later, Shuntian Grand Coordinator Liu Yuewu said rotational troops were useless in practice and listed ten advantages of recruitment. By then discipline had slackened further: soldiers no longer drilled but lived in the capital as traders and artisans, paying silver to their rotation officers.
235
啟、禎時，邊事洶洶，乃移班軍於邊。 築垣、負米無休期，而糗糧缺，軍多死，班將往往逮革。 特敕兵部右侍郎專督理，鑄印給之，然已無及。
Under Chongzhen and Taichang, as frontier crises mounted, rotational troops were shifted to the border. They built walls and hauled grain without respite; rations ran short; many died; rotation officers were often arrested and dismissed. A special edict named a vice minister of war to supervise the matter exclusively and had a seal cast for him—but it was already too late.