1
古恩澤封有三，曰外戚，曰中官，曰嬖倖。 明興，追崇外氏，廟貌之隆，爵超五等，而苗裔無攷，未及授官。 高后外家不奉朝請，家法之嚴有自來矣。 自文皇后而外，率由儒族單門，入儷宸極。 后父初秩不過指揮，侯伯保傅以漸而進。 優者厚田宅，列僮奴。 雖擁侈富之資，曾無憑藉之勢，制防之微意寓焉。 肅宗申明功令，裁抑世封，戚畹周親不得與汗馬餘勳為齒。 雖稱肺腑，事劣封君。 上視漢、唐，殆相懸絕。 茲考實錄所載封襲歲月，備列為表，以別於元功之次。 他若宦官子弟濫列金貂，方士義兒均從班爵，騁文成之丕誕，踵養子之傾輈，亂政亟行，若循一軌，各依年次，備著於篇，亦班固表外戚，譜張釋、欒大之例也。
In ancient times there were three kinds of grace-and-favor enfeoffment: consort kin, palace eunuchs, and imperial favorites. When the Ming dynasty was founded, the court retroactively honored the maternal clans with lofty temple rites and ranks above the five grades, but their descendants had not been traced and had not yet been given offices. The maternal kin of Empress Gao did not attend court audiences; the dynasty's strict household discipline in this regard was of long standing. Apart from Empress Wen, empresses were generally drawn from scholarly families of modest standing who rose to share the imperial throne. At first an empress's father held no rank higher than military commander; only gradually was he advanced to marquis, earl, tutor, or grand tutor. The more favored received ample estates and households of retainers and servants. Though they enjoyed great wealth, they lacked any real power base—a subtle expression of the dynasty's preventive controls. Emperor Suzong clarified the statutes on merit, curtailed hereditary enfeoffments, and barred consort kin and close royal relatives from standing on equal footing with battle-honored ministers. Though styled as the emperor's closest kin, in practice they ranked below enfeoffed nobles. Compared with Han and Tang practice, the difference was almost complete. Here the years of enfeoffment and succession recorded in the Veritable Records are set out in full in tabular form, distinct from the order of founding merit. Likewise, eunuchs' sons were improperly listed among high court ranks, Daoist masters' adopted sons received noble titles, Wen Cheng's extravagances were indulged, and the abuse of adoptive succession recurred—misrule pursued a single course. Each case is recorded here in chronological order, following Ban Gu's precedent in tabulating consort kin and cataloguing Zhang Shi and Luan Da.
| 始封 | 子 | 孫 | 曾孫 | 五世 | 六世 | 七世 | 八世 | 九世 | 十世 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 恩親侯 | |||||||||
| 李貞 | |||||||||
| 尚太祖姊孝親公主。洪武元年二月庚午封。後以子文忠功，進封曹國公。 | |||||||||
| 揚王 | |||||||||
| 陳公 | |||||||||
| 逸其名，太祖母淳皇后父。洪武二年追贈。 | |||||||||
| 徐王 | |||||||||
| 馬公 | |||||||||
| 逸其名，高皇后父。洪武二年追贈。 | |||||||||
| 惠義侯 | |||||||||
| 劉繼祖 | |||||||||
| 太祖同里人。以與淳皇帝葬地，洪武十一年九月丙申追封。 | |||||||||
| 彭城伯 | |||||||||
| 張麒 | |||||||||
| 昭皇后父，永樂九年七月辛酉追封伯。仁宗即位，十一月壬申追贈侯。 | |||||||||
| 昶 | |||||||||
| 仁宗即位封，世襲。正統三年六月卒。 | |||||||||
| 輔 | |||||||||
| 瑾 | |||||||||
| 正統三年十月乙卯襲。成化十六年四月卒。 | |||||||||
| 信 | |||||||||
| 成化十七年十二月丁卯襲。 | |||||||||
| 欽 | |||||||||
| 正德三年十月甲戌襲。嘉靖十七年二月壬子卒。 | |||||||||
| 勳 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖十七年八月丙辰襲。 | |||||||||
| 熊 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖三十年六月壬戌襲，右府僉書。 | |||||||||
| 守忠 | |||||||||
| 萬曆中襲，三十八年，後府僉書。 | |||||||||
| 嘉猷 | |||||||||
| 萬曆四十年十二月辛亥襲。 | |||||||||
| 光祖 | |||||||||
| 崇禎元年七月庚申襲。十二年四月，左府僉書。城陷，死於賊。 | |||||||||
| 保昌伯 | |||||||||
| 蔣廷珪 | |||||||||
| 仁宗乳母夫。仁宗即位，十一月追封。 | |||||||||
| 會昌伯 | |||||||||
| 孫忠 | |||||||||
| 恭皇后父。宣德四年三月辛亥封，世襲。景泰三年九月卒。贈侯，諡康靖。天順元年贈安國公，改諡恭憲。 | |||||||||
| 會昌侯 | |||||||||
| 繼宗 | |||||||||
| 天順元年正月辛卯進世侯，加太傅，掌後府。成化十五年十一月卒。贈郯國公，諡榮襄。 | |||||||||
| 銘 | |||||||||
| 成化十六年襲。弘治十四年三月，五軍營管操。正德元年二月，奮武營管操。四年總神機營，屢掌軍府。十五年三月卒。 | |||||||||
| 杲 | |||||||||
| 正德十六年二月襲。嘉靖二年九月坐耀武營管操。十二年九月充五軍營右哨坐營。十六年十月卒。諡榮僖。以革外戚封除。 | |||||||||
| 惠安伯 | |||||||||
| 張昇 | |||||||||
| 麒子，昶弟。正統五年封，世襲。六年正月卒。 | |||||||||
| 琮 | |||||||||
| 正統六年七月壬子襲。成化三年八月卒。無子。 | |||||||||
| 瑛 | |||||||||
| 襲，未幾卒。無子。 | |||||||||
| 瓚 | |||||||||
| 瑛庶兄。成化十六年三月庚寅襲。弘治六年十月卒。 | |||||||||
| 偉 | |||||||||
| 弘治七年三月己亥襲。十二年鎮陝西，召還。十三年八月領左府。正德三年十二月提督團營，幷三千營管操。嘉靖十四年六月卒。贈太傅，諡康靖。 | |||||||||
| 鑭 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖十七年四月丙午襲，屢典營務。二十九年正月丁丑卒。 | |||||||||
| 元善 | |||||||||
| 鑭從子。嘉靖三十四年二月辛巳襲。萬曆三十七年六月己未卒。 | |||||||||
| 慶臻 | |||||||||
| 萬曆三十七年十一月癸巳襲。崇禎元年七月己巳總京營。十月己亥革京營總督，聽議。十七年城陷，闔家自焚死。 | |||||||||
| 安平伯 | |||||||||
| 吳安 | |||||||||
| 景帝母吳太后兄。景泰中封。天順元年二月除。 | |||||||||
| 昭武伯 | |||||||||
| 曹欽 | |||||||||
| 內臣曹吉祥嗣子。天順元年十二月以吉祥奪門功封。五年七月謀反，伏誅。 | |||||||||
| 慶雲侯 | |||||||||
| 周能 | |||||||||
| 憲宗母孝肅太后父。成化四年四月甲午追封。十七年十二月加贈寧國公，諡榮靖。 | |||||||||
| 壽 | |||||||||
| 成化三年十一月乙亥封慶雲伯。四年予世襲。十七年十二月進封侯。弘治元年加祿百石。正德四年二月卒。贈宣國公，諡恭和。 | |||||||||
| 瑛 | |||||||||
| 正德四年六月己卯襲，後以例除。 | |||||||||
| 安昌伯 | |||||||||
| 錢承宗 | |||||||||
| 睿皇后弟鍾孫。成化十五年正月庚辰封。弘治二年四月予世襲。嘉靖四年閏十二月卒。 | |||||||||
| 維圻 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖五年八月乙卯襲，後以例除。 | |||||||||
| 瑞安侯 | |||||||||
| 王源 | |||||||||
| 純皇后弟。成化二十年十一月封伯，世襲。弘治元年加祿百石。六年追封源父鎮阜國公，進源爵侯。嘉靖三年七月丁卯卒。贈太師，諡榮靖。 | |||||||||
| 橋 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖三年十一月丁丑襲伯，後以例除。 | |||||||||
| 長寧伯 | |||||||||
| 周彧 | |||||||||
| 能子，壽弟。成化二十一年封，世襲。弘治元年加祿百石。正德三年十二月卒。 | |||||||||
| 瑭 | |||||||||
| 正德四年二月襲。十四年三月卒。 | |||||||||
| 大經 | |||||||||
| 正德十四年七月襲。嘉靖三十八年六月甲子卒。以例除。 | |||||||||
| 壽寧侯 | |||||||||
| 張巒 | |||||||||
| 敬皇后父，弘治四年二月己未封伯，五年三月進侯，八月卒。贈昌國公，諡莊肅。 | |||||||||
| 鶴齡 | |||||||||
| 弘治五年十一月襲。嘉靖元年三月加太師。二年八月庚子進昌國公。十二年十月丙子以罪除。 | |||||||||
| 建昌侯 | |||||||||
| 張延齡 | |||||||||
| 巒子，鶴齡弟。弘治八年四月乙丑封伯。十六年九月進侯。嘉靖元年三月加太傅。十二年十月丙子下獄論死，爵除。 | |||||||||
| 崇善伯 | |||||||||
| 王清 | |||||||||
| 源弟。弘治十年封。十一年三月予世襲。嘉靖十三年卒。以例除。 | |||||||||
| 安仁伯 | |||||||||
| 王濬 | |||||||||
| 清弟。正德二年封。十月丁卯卒。贈侯。 | |||||||||
| 桓 | |||||||||
| 正德三年襲。嘉靖中以例除。 | |||||||||
| 慶陽伯 | |||||||||
| 夏儒 | |||||||||
| 毅皇后父。正德二年封，世襲。追贈三代。十年四月丁未卒。 | |||||||||
| 世臣 | |||||||||
| 一名臣。正德十六年襲。嘉靖二年八月加太子太保。八年以例除。 | |||||||||
| 永定伯 | |||||||||
| 朱泰 | |||||||||
| 本姓許。正德中，以義子賜姓封。十六年除。 | |||||||||
| 泰安伯 | |||||||||
| 張富 | |||||||||
| 內臣張永弟。正德五年九月己未封。十六年除。 | |||||||||
| 安定伯 | |||||||||
| 張容 | |||||||||
| 富弟。封除同前。 | |||||||||
| 永壽伯 | |||||||||
| 朱德 | |||||||||
| 賜姓。正德五年九月癸酉封。十六年除。 | |||||||||
| 平涼伯 | |||||||||
| 馬山 | |||||||||
| 內臣馬永成兄。與朱德同日封。十六年除。 | |||||||||
| 鎮安伯 | |||||||||
| 魏英 | |||||||||
| 內臣魏彬弟。封除同前。 | |||||||||
| 高平伯 | |||||||||
| 谷大寬 | |||||||||
| 內臣谷大用兄。封除同前。 | |||||||||
| 永清伯 | |||||||||
| 谷大亮 | |||||||||
| 大寬弟。正德八年二月丙午封，十六年除。 | |||||||||
| 鎮平伯 | |||||||||
| 陸永 | |||||||||
| 內臣陸誾弟。封除同前。 | |||||||||
| 平虜伯 | |||||||||
| 朱彬 | |||||||||
| 本姓江，賜姓。正德十三年九月甲寅封。十六年三月下獄，伏誅。 | |||||||||
| 安邊伯 | |||||||||
| 朱泰 | |||||||||
| 彬弟，與彬同日封。十六年除。 | |||||||||
| 京山侯 | |||||||||
| 崔元 | |||||||||
| 尚永康公主。嘉靖元年五月己酉封，世襲。二十八年六月卒。停襲。 | |||||||||
| 昌化伯 | |||||||||
| 邵喜 | |||||||||
| 世宗祖母孝惠太后弟。嘉靖元年五月己酉封。二年卒。 | |||||||||
| 蕙 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖二年八月甲辰襲。六年十二月卒。無子。 | |||||||||
| 杰 | |||||||||
| 蕙從弟茂子。嘉靖七年二月甲寅襲。尋以不應襲，除。 | |||||||||
| 玉田伯 | |||||||||
| 蔣輪 | |||||||||
| 世宗母獻皇后弟。嘉靖元年五月己酉封，世襲。五年正月癸丑卒。 | |||||||||
| 榮 | |||||||||
| 輪從子，襲。隆慶五年三月甲子卒。以例停。 | |||||||||
| 泰和伯 | |||||||||
| 陳萬言 | |||||||||
| 肅皇后父。嘉靖二年八月庚子封。十四年卒。贈太子太保。停襲。 | |||||||||
| 安平侯 | |||||||||
| 方銳 | |||||||||
| 世宗孝烈皇后父。嘉靖間封伯。二十一年進封侯。二十五年五月己丑卒。贈太保，諡榮靖。 | |||||||||
| 承裕 | |||||||||
| 嘉靖二十六年襲伯。隆慶六年正月丙寅卒，停襲。 | |||||||||
| 恭誠伯 | |||||||||
| 陶仲文 | |||||||||
| 以方術幸。嘉靖二十九年八月丙寅封。 | |||||||||
| 慶都伯 | |||||||||
| 杜繼宗 | |||||||||
| 穆宗母孝恪太后弟。隆慶元年二月庚寅封。 | |||||||||
| 德平伯 | |||||||||
| 李銘 | |||||||||
| 穆宗孝懿皇后父。隆慶元年二月庚寅封。 | |||||||||
| 固安伯 | |||||||||
| 陳景行 | |||||||||
| 穆宗孝安皇后父，隆慶元年二月庚寅封。 | |||||||||
| 武清侯 | |||||||||
| 李偉 | |||||||||
| 神宗母慈聖太后父。神宗即位，封武清伯，尋進侯。萬曆十一年卒。贈安國公。 | |||||||||
| 文全 | |||||||||
| 萬曆十二年五月丁丑襲。三十六年卒。 | |||||||||
| 銘誠 | |||||||||
| 萬曆三十七年襲伯。四十五年二月辛亥進侯。天啟七年八月戊戌加太子太師。崇禎十一年正月卒。 | |||||||||
| 國瑞 | |||||||||
| 崇禎中襲，尋以借餉悸死。 | |||||||||
| 存善 | |||||||||
| 崇禎末襲。 | |||||||||
| 永年伯 | |||||||||
| 王偉 | |||||||||
| 端皇后父。萬曆五年封。 | |||||||||
| 棟 | |||||||||
| 萬曆中襲。三十四年七月丁亥卒。 | |||||||||
| 明輔 | |||||||||
| 萬曆三十五年正月辛未襲。 | |||||||||
| 永寧伯 | |||||||||
| 王天瑞 | |||||||||
| 光宗母孝靖太后父。光宗即位封。崇禎十四年卒。 | |||||||||
| 長錫 | |||||||||
| 崇禎十四年襲。 | |||||||||
| 博平侯 | |||||||||
| 郭維城 | |||||||||
| 光宗孝元皇后父。泰昌元年九月癸丑封伯。天啟元年閏二月進封侯。 | |||||||||
| 振明 | |||||||||
| 天啟元年閏二月丙戌封博平伯。 | |||||||||
| 新城侯 | |||||||||
| 王昇 | |||||||||
| 熹宗母孝和太后弟。天啟元年閏二月封伯，尋進侯。崇禎八年卒。 | |||||||||
| 國興 | |||||||||
| 崇禎九年十二月戊寅襲。死於賊。 | |||||||||
| 太康侯 | |||||||||
| 張國紀 | |||||||||
| 熹宗后父。天啟元年封伯。崇禎十一年十一月進封侯。死於賊。 | |||||||||
| 寧國公 | |||||||||
| 魏良卿 | |||||||||
| 內臣魏忠賢姪。天啟六年三月封肅寧伯，進侯。十月戊申進封公。七年八月丙申加太師。莊烈帝即位，伏誅。 | |||||||||
| 安平伯 | |||||||||
| 魏鵬翼 | |||||||||
| 忠賢從孫。天啟七年七月己卯封。八月丙申加少師。莊烈帝即位，伏誅。 | |||||||||
| 東安侯 | |||||||||
| 魏良棟 | |||||||||
| 良卿弟。天啟七年八月乙巳封。莊烈帝即位，伏誅。 | |||||||||
| 新樂侯 | |||||||||
| 劉效祖 | |||||||||
| 莊烈帝母孝純太后弟。莊烈帝即位封。崇禎八年卒。九年，贈侯，予三代誥。十三年九月，父應元追封瀛國公。 | |||||||||
| 文炳 | |||||||||
| 崇禎九年十二月甲子襲。十三年九月加少傅。十七年三月死難。 | |||||||||
| 嘉定伯 | |||||||||
| 周奎 | |||||||||
| 莊烈后父。崇禎三年封。十七年，京城陷，被執。 |
| First enfeoffment. | Son (first generation). | Grandson (second generation). | Great-grandson (third generation). | Fifth generation. | Sixth generation. | Seventh generation. | Eighth generation. | Ninth generation. | Tenth generation. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marquis of Enqin (Grace and Kinship). | |||||||||
| Li Zhen. | |||||||||
| He married the Taizu Emperor's elder sister, Princess Xiaoqin, and was enfeoffed on gengwu in the second month of Hongwu 1. Later, through his son Li Wenzhong's merit, he was raised to Duke of Cao. | |||||||||
| Prince of Yang. | |||||||||
| Lord Chen. | |||||||||
| His personal name is lost. He was the father of the great-grandmother, Empress Chun, and was posthumously honored in Hongwu 2. | |||||||||
| Prince of Xu. | |||||||||
| Lord Ma. | |||||||||
| His personal name is lost. He was the father of Empress Gao and was posthumously honored in Hongwu 2. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Huiyi (Benevolent Righteousness). | |||||||||
| Liu Jizu. | |||||||||
| A fellow townsman of the Taizu Emperor. For providing burial land for Emperor Chun, he was posthumously enfeoffed on bingshen in the ninth month of Hongwu 11. | |||||||||
| Earl of Pengcheng. | |||||||||
| Zhang Qi. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Zhao. Posthumously made Earl of Pengcheng on xinyou in the seventh month of Yongle 9. When Renzong ascended the throne, he was posthumously raised to marquis on renshen in the eleventh month. | |||||||||
| Chang. | |||||||||
| Enfeoffed when Renzong ascended the throne, with hereditary succession. He died in the sixth month of Zhengtong 3. | |||||||||
| Fu. | |||||||||
| Jin. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on yimao in the tenth month of Zhengtong 3 and died in the fourth month of Chenghua 16. | |||||||||
| Xin. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on dingmao in the twelfth month of Chenghua 17. | |||||||||
| Qin. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on jiaxu in the tenth month of Zhengde 3 and died on renzi in the second month of Jiajing 17. | |||||||||
| Xun. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on bingchen in the eighth month of Jiajing 17. | |||||||||
| Xiong. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on renxu in the sixth month of Jiajing 30 and served as vice commissioner of the Right Bureau. | |||||||||
| Shouzhong. | |||||||||
| He succeeded during the Wanli reign and in year 38 served as vice commissioner of the Rear Bureau. | |||||||||
| Jiayou. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on xinhai in the twelfth month of Wanli 40. | |||||||||
| Guangzu. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on gengshen in the seventh month of Chongzhen 1, and in the fourth month of year 12 served as vice commissioner of the Left Bureau. When the capital fell, he was killed by the rebels. | |||||||||
| Earl of Baochang. | |||||||||
| Jiang Tinggui. | |||||||||
| Husband of Renzong's wet nurse. He was posthumously enfeoffed in the eleventh month when Renzong ascended the throne. | |||||||||
| Earl of Huichang. | |||||||||
| Sun Zhong. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Gong. He was enfeoffed on xinhai in the third month of Xuande 4 with hereditary succession, and died in the ninth month of Jingtai 3. He was posthumously made marquis with the title Kangjing, and in Tianshun 1 was posthumously raised to Duke of An with the title changed to Gongxian. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Huichang. | |||||||||
| Jizong. | |||||||||
| On xinmao in the first month of Tianshun 1 he was raised to hereditary marquis, appointed Grand Tutor, and put in charge of the Rear Bureau. He died in the eleventh month of Chenghua 15 and was posthumously made Duke of Tan with the title Rongxiang. | |||||||||
| Ming. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in Chenghua 16. In the third month of Hongzhi 14 he commanded drill in the Five Armies Camps; in the second month of Zhengde 1 he commanded drill in the Exalted Martial Camp; in year 4 he headed the Divine Engine Camp and repeatedly directed military bureaus. He died in the third month of year 15. | |||||||||
| Gao. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in the second month of Zhengde 16. In the ninth month of Jiajing 2 he commanded drill in the Glorious Martial Camp; in the ninth month of year 12 he served as seated commander of the right squadron of the Five Armies Camps. He died in the tenth month of year 16 with the posthumous title Rongxi. The line was abolished when consort-kin enfeoffments were reformed. | |||||||||
| Earl of Huian. | |||||||||
| Zhang Sheng. | |||||||||
| Son of Zhang Qi and younger brother of Chang. He was enfeoffed in Zhengtong 5 with hereditary succession and died in the first month of year 6. | |||||||||
| Cong. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on renzi in the seventh month of Zhengtong 6, died in the eighth month of Chenghua 3, and left no son. | |||||||||
| Ying. | |||||||||
| He succeeded but died soon after, leaving no son. | |||||||||
| Zan. | |||||||||
| Elder brother of Ying by a secondary mother. He succeeded on gengyin in the third month of Chenghua 16 and died in the tenth month of Hongzhi 6. | |||||||||
| Wei. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on jihai in the third month of Hongzhi 7. In year 12 he garrisoned Shaanxi and was recalled; in the eighth month of year 13 he headed the Left Bureau. In the twelfth month of Zhengde 3 he supervised the Regiment Camps and jointly commanded drill in the Three Thousand Camp. He died in the sixth month of Jiajing 14 and was posthumously made Grand Tutor with the title Kangjing. | |||||||||
| Lan. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on bingwu in the fourth month of Jiajing 17, repeatedly directed camp affairs, and died on dingchou in the first month of year 29. | |||||||||
| Yuanshan. | |||||||||
| Younger cousin of Lan. He succeeded on xinsi in the second month of Jiajing 34 and died on jiwei in the sixth month of Wanli 37. | |||||||||
| Qingzhen. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on guisi in the eleventh month of Wanli 37. In the seventh month of Chongzhen 1 he headed the Capital Camps; on jihai in the tenth month that superintendency was abolished pending deliberation. When the capital fell in year 17, the whole family burned themselves to death. | |||||||||
| Earl of Anping. | |||||||||
| Wu An. | |||||||||
| Elder brother of Empress Dowager Wu, mother of the Jingdi Emperor. He was enfeoffed during the Jingtai reign and stripped of his title in the second month of Tianshun 1. | |||||||||
| Earl of Zhaowu. | |||||||||
| Cao Qin. | |||||||||
| Adopted son of the eunuch Cao Jixiang. He was enfeoffed in the twelfth month of Tianshun 1 for Jixiang's merit in the Gate seizure; in the seventh month of year 5 he plotted rebellion and was executed. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Qingyun. | |||||||||
| Zhou Neng. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Dowager Xiaosu, mother of the Xianzong Emperor. He was posthumously enfeoffed on jiawu in the fourth month of Chenghua 4, and in the twelfth month of year 17 was further posthumously made Duke of Ning with the title Rongjing. | |||||||||
| Shou. | |||||||||
| He was enfeoffed as Earl of Qingyun on yihai in the eleventh month of Chenghua 3, granted hereditary succession in year 4, and raised to marquis in the twelfth month of year 17. In Hongzhi 1 his stipend was increased by one hundred piculs. He died in the second month of Zhengde 4 and was posthumously made Duke of Xuan with the title Gonghe. | |||||||||
| Ying. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on jimao in the sixth month of Zhengde 4 and was later abolished under the reform statutes. | |||||||||
| Earl of Anchang. | |||||||||
| Qian Chengzong. | |||||||||
| Grandson of Empress Rui's younger brother Zhong. He was enfeoffed on gengchen in the first month of Chenghua 15, granted hereditary succession in the fourth month of Hongzhi 2, and died in the intercalary twelfth month of Jiajing 4. | |||||||||
| Weiqi. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on yimao in the eighth month of Jiajing 5 and was later abolished under the reform statutes. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Ruian. | |||||||||
| Wang Yuan. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Empress Chun. He was enfeoffed as earl in the eleventh month of Chenghua 20 with hereditary succession; in Hongzhi 1 his stipend was increased by one hundred piculs. In year 6 his father was posthumously made Duke of Zhenfu and he was raised to marquis. He died on dingmao in the seventh month of Jiajing 3 and was posthumously made Grand Preceptor with the title Rongjing. | |||||||||
| Qiao. | |||||||||
| He succeeded as earl on dingchou in the eleventh month of Jiajing 3 and was later abolished under the reform statutes. | |||||||||
| Earl of Changning. | |||||||||
| Zhou Yu. | |||||||||
| Son of Zhou Neng and younger brother of Shou. He was enfeoffed in Chenghua 21 with hereditary succession; in Hongzhi 1 his stipend was increased by one hundred piculs. He died in the twelfth month of Zhengde 3. | |||||||||
| Tang. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in the second month of Zhengde 4 and died in the third month of year 14. | |||||||||
| Dajing. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in the seventh month of Zhengde 14, died on jiazi in the sixth month of Jiajing 38, and the line was abolished under the reform statutes. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Shouning. | |||||||||
| Zhang Luan. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Jing. He was enfeoffed as earl on jiwei in the second month of Hongzhi 4, raised to marquis in the third month of year 5, and died in the eighth month. He was posthumously made Duke of Chang with the title Zhuangsu. | |||||||||
| Heling. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in the eleventh month of Hongzhi 5, was made Grand Preceptor in the third month of Jiajing 1, advanced to Duke of Chang on gengzi in the eighth month of year 2, and on bingzi in the tenth month of year 12 was stripped of rank for crime. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Jianchang. | |||||||||
| Zhang Yanling. | |||||||||
| Son of Zhang Luan and younger brother of Heling. He was enfeoffed as earl on yichou in the fourth month of Hongzhi 8, raised to marquis in the ninth month of year 16, and made Grand Tutor in the third month of Jiajing 1. On bingzi in the tenth month of year 12 he was imprisoned, sentenced to death, and stripped of his title. | |||||||||
| Earl of Chongshan. | |||||||||
| Wang Qing. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Wang Yuan. He was enfeoffed in Hongzhi 10, granted hereditary succession in the third month of year 11, died in Jiajing 13, and the line was abolished under the reform statutes. | |||||||||
| Earl of Anren. | |||||||||
| Wang Jun. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Wang Qing. He was enfeoffed in Zhengde 2, died on dingmao in the tenth month, and was posthumously raised to marquis. | |||||||||
| Huan. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in Zhengde 3 and was abolished under the reform statutes during the Jiajing reign. | |||||||||
| Earl of Qingyang. | |||||||||
| Xia Ru. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Yi. He was enfeoffed in Zhengde 2 with hereditary succession, and three generations of his forebears were posthumously honored. He died on dingwei in the fourth month of year 10. | |||||||||
| Shichen. | |||||||||
| Also named Chen. He succeeded in Zhengde 16, was made Junior Mentor to the Heir Apparent in the eighth month of Jiajing 2, and was abolished under the reform statutes in year 8. | |||||||||
| Earl of Yongding. | |||||||||
| Zhu Tai. | |||||||||
| Originally surnamed Xu. During the Zhengde reign he was granted the imperial surname and enfeoffed as an adopted son. The title was abolished in year 16. | |||||||||
| Earl of Taian. | |||||||||
| Zhang Fu. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of the eunuch Zhang Yong. He was enfeoffed on jiwei in the ninth month of Zhengde 5 and stripped of his title in year 16. | |||||||||
| Earl of Anding. | |||||||||
| Zhang Rong. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Zhang Fu. Enfeoffment and abolition followed the same pattern as above. | |||||||||
| Earl of Yongshou. | |||||||||
| Zhu De. | |||||||||
| Granted the imperial surname Zhu. He was enfeoffed on guiyou in the ninth month of Zhengde 5 and stripped of his title in year 16. | |||||||||
| Earl of Pingliang. | |||||||||
| Ma Shan. | |||||||||
| Elder brother of the eunuch Ma Yongcheng. He was enfeoffed on the same day as Zhu De and stripped of his title in year 16. | |||||||||
| Earl of Zhenan. | |||||||||
| Wei Ying. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of the eunuch Wei Bin. Enfeoffment and abolition followed the same pattern as above. | |||||||||
| Earl of Gaoping. | |||||||||
| Gu Dakuan. | |||||||||
| Elder brother of the eunuch Gu Dayong. Enfeoffment and abolition followed the same pattern as above. | |||||||||
| Earl of Yongqing. | |||||||||
| Gu Daliang. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Gu Dakuan. He was enfeoffed on bingwu in the second month of Zhengde 8 and stripped of his title in year 16. | |||||||||
| Earl of Zhenping. | |||||||||
| Lu Yong. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of the eunuch Lu Yin. Enfeoffment and abolition followed the same pattern as above. | |||||||||
| Earl of Pinglu. | |||||||||
| Zhu Bin. | |||||||||
| Originally surnamed Jiang and granted the imperial surname Zhu. He was enfeoffed on jiayin in the ninth month of Zhengde 13, imprisoned in the third month of year 16, and executed. | |||||||||
| Earl of Anbian. | |||||||||
| Zhu Tai. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Zhu Bin. He was enfeoffed on the same day as Bin and stripped of his title in year 16. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Jingshan. | |||||||||
| Cui Yuan. | |||||||||
| He married Princess Yongkang, was enfeoffed on jiyou in the fifth month of Jiajing 1 with hereditary succession, died in the sixth month of year 28, and succession was suspended. | |||||||||
| Earl of Changhua. | |||||||||
| Shao Xi. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Empress Dowager Xiaohui, grandmother of the Shizong Emperor. He was enfeoffed on jiyou in the fifth month of Jiajing 1 and died in year 2. | |||||||||
| Hui. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on jiachen in the eighth month of Jiajing 2, died in the twelfth month of year 6, and left no son. | |||||||||
| Jie. | |||||||||
| Son of Hui's younger cousin Mao. He succeeded on jiayin in the second month of Jiajing 7 but was soon stripped of the title as ineligible to inherit. | |||||||||
| Earl of Yutian. | |||||||||
| Jiang Lun. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Empress Xian, mother of the Shizong Emperor. He was enfeoffed on jiyou in the fifth month of Jiajing 1 with hereditary succession and died on guichou in the first month of year 5. | |||||||||
| Rong. | |||||||||
| Younger cousin of Jiang Lun. He succeeded and died on jiazi in the third month of Longqing 5; succession was suspended under the reform statutes. | |||||||||
| Earl of Taihe. | |||||||||
| Chen Wanyan. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Su. He was enfeoffed on gengzi in the eighth month of Jiajing 2, died in year 14, and was posthumously made Junior Mentor to the Heir Apparent; succession was suspended. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Anping. | |||||||||
| Fang Rui. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Xiaolie, consort of the Shizong Emperor. He was enfeoffed as earl during the Jiajing reign, raised to marquis in year 21, and died on jichou in the fifth month of year 25. He was posthumously made Grand Mentor with the title Rongjing. | |||||||||
| Chengyu. | |||||||||
| He succeeded as earl in Jiajing 26, died on bingyin in the first month of Longqing 6, and succession was suspended. | |||||||||
| Earl of Gongcheng. | |||||||||
| Tao Zhongwen. | |||||||||
| He won favor through occult arts and was enfeoffed on bingyin in the eighth month of Jiajing 29. | |||||||||
| Earl of Qingdu. | |||||||||
| Du Jizong. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Empress Dowager Xiaoke, mother of the Muzong Emperor. He was enfeoffed on gengyin in the second month of Longqing 1. | |||||||||
| Earl of Deping. | |||||||||
| Li Ming. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Xiaoyi, consort of the Muzong Emperor. He was enfeoffed on gengyin in the second month of Longqing 1. | |||||||||
| Earl of Guan. | |||||||||
| Chen Jingxing. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Xiaoan, consort of the Muzong Emperor. He was enfeoffed on gengyin in the second month of Longqing 1. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Wuqing. | |||||||||
| Li Wei. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Dowager Cisheng, mother of the Shenzong Emperor. When Shenzong ascended the throne he was made Earl of Wuqing and soon raised to marquis. He died in Wanli 11 and was posthumously made Duke of An. | |||||||||
| Wenquan. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on dingchou in the fifth month of Wanli 12 and died in year 36. | |||||||||
| Mingcheng. | |||||||||
| He succeeded as earl in Wanli 37, was raised to marquis on xinhai in the second month of year 45, made Grand Preceptor to the Heir Apparent on wuxu in the eighth month of Tianqi 7, and died in the first month of Chongzhen 11. | |||||||||
| Guorui. | |||||||||
| He succeeded during the Chongzhen reign and soon died of shock after being pressed to lend funds for military supplies. | |||||||||
| Cunshan. | |||||||||
| He succeeded at the end of the Chongzhen reign. | |||||||||
| Earl of Yongnian. | |||||||||
| Wang Wei. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Duan. He was enfeoffed in Wanli 5. | |||||||||
| Dong. | |||||||||
| He succeeded during the Wanli reign and died on dinghai in the seventh month of year 34. | |||||||||
| Mingfu. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on xinwei in the first month of Wanli 35. | |||||||||
| Earl of Yongning. | |||||||||
| Wang Tianrui. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Dowager Xiaojing, mother of the Guangzong Emperor. He was enfeoffed when Guangzong ascended the throne and died in Chongzhen 14. | |||||||||
| Changxi. | |||||||||
| He succeeded in Chongzhen 14. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Boping. | |||||||||
| Guo Weicheng. | |||||||||
| Father of Empress Xiaoyuan, consort of the Guangzong Emperor. He was enfeoffed as earl on guichou in the ninth month of Taichang 1 and raised to marquis in the intercalary second month of Tianqi 1. | |||||||||
| Zhenming. | |||||||||
| He was enfeoffed as Earl of Boping on bingxu in the intercalary second month of Tianqi 1. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Xincheng. | |||||||||
| Wang Sheng. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Empress Dowager Xiaohe, mother of the Xizong Emperor. He was enfeoffed as earl in the intercalary second month of Tianqi 1, soon raised to marquis, and died in Chongzhen 8. | |||||||||
| Guoxing. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on wuyin in the twelfth month of Chongzhen 9 and was killed by the rebels. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Taikang. | |||||||||
| Zhang Guoji. | |||||||||
| Father of the Xizong Emperor's empress. He was enfeoffed as earl in Tianqi 1, raised to marquis in the eleventh month of Chongzhen 11, and was killed by the rebels. | |||||||||
| Duke of Ning. | |||||||||
| Wei Liangqing. | |||||||||
| Nephew of the eunuch Wei Zhongxian. In the third month of Tianqi 6 he was enfeoffed as Earl of Suning and raised to marquis, advanced to duke on wushen in the tenth month, and made Grand Preceptor on bingshen in the eighth month of year 7. When the Chongzhen Emperor ascended the throne, he was executed. | |||||||||
| Earl of Anping. | |||||||||
| Wei Pengyi. | |||||||||
| Great-grandnephew of Wei Zhongxian. He was enfeoffed on jimao in the seventh month of Tianqi 7, made Junior Preceptor on bingshen in the eighth month, and was executed when the Chongzhen Emperor ascended the throne. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Dongan. | |||||||||
| Wei Liangdong. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Wei Liangqing. He was enfeoffed on yisi in the eighth month of Tianqi 7 and was executed when the Chongzhen Emperor ascended the throne. | |||||||||
| Marquis of Xinle. | |||||||||
| Liu Xiaozu. | |||||||||
| Younger brother of Empress Dowager Xiaochun, mother of the Chongzhen Emperor. He was enfeoffed when the Chongzhen Emperor ascended the throne, died in Chongzhen 8, and in year 9 was posthumously raised to marquis with patents for three generations. In the ninth month of year 13 his father Yingyuan was posthumously made Duke of Ying. | |||||||||
| Wenbing. | |||||||||
| He succeeded on jiazi in the twelfth month of Chongzhen 9, was made Junior Tutor in the ninth month of year 13, and died in service in the third month of year 17. | |||||||||
| Earl of Jiading. | |||||||||
| Zhou Kui. | |||||||||
| Father of the Chongzhen Emperor's empress. He was enfeoffed in Chongzhen 3. When the capital fell in year 17, he was taken captive. |