Volume 117 Biographies 5: Princes 2

蜀王椿湘王柏代王桂襄垣王遜燂靈丘王遜烇成𨨣廷鄣肅王楧遼王植慶王㮵寧王權

The Princes of Shu (Chun), Xiang (Bai), Dai (Gui), Xiangyuan (Xunxie), Lingqiu (Xunkan), Chengshu, Tingzhang, Su (Yang), Liao (Zhi), Qing (Shu), and Ning (Quan).

蜀獻王椿，太祖第十一子，洪武十一年封。十八年命駐鳳陽。二十三年就藩成都。性孝友慈祥，博綜典籍，容止都雅，帝嘗呼為「蜀秀才」。在鳳陽時，闢西堂，延李叔荊、蘇伯衡商榷文史。既至蜀，聘方孝孺為世子傅，表其居曰「正學」，以風蜀人。詣講郡學，知諸博士貧，分祿餼之，月一石，後為定制。造安車賜長史陳南賓。聞義烏王紳賢，聘至，待以客禮。紳父禕死雲南，往求遺骼，資給之。

Prince Xian of Shu, Chun, was the Taizu Emperor's eleventh son and received his princely title in the eleventh year of the Hongwu reign. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu he was ordered to take up residence at Fengyang. In the twenty-third year he went to establish his princely court at Chengdu. By nature he was filial, affectionate, and benevolent, widely read in the classics, and graceful in deportment; the emperor once nicknamed him "the Scholar of Shu." During his stay at Fengyang he established the West Hall and invited Li Shujing and Su Boxing to debate literature and history with him. After arriving in Shu he appointed Fang Xiaoru tutor to his heir, named his residence "Correct Learning," and thereby set a moral example for the people of Shu. He went to lecture at the prefectural school and, finding the academicians impoverished, shared out part of his stipend grain for their support—one shi per month—a practice that later became permanent custom. He had a comfortable carriage built and presented it to his chief administrator, Chen Nanbin. Hearing that Wang Shen of Yiwu was a man of talent, he invited him and received him with the courtesy due a guest. Shen's father Yi had died in Yunnan; Chun went to recover his remains and provided financial support for the undertaking.

時諸王皆備邊練士卒，椿獨以禮教守西陲。番人入寇，燒黑崖關。椿請於朝，遣都指揮瞿能隨涼國公藍玉出大渡河邀擊之。自是番人讋伏。前代兩川之亂，皆因內地不逞者鉤致為患。有司私市蠻中物，或需索啟爭端。椿請繒錦香扇之屬，從王邸定為常貢，此外悉免宣索。蜀人由此安業，日益殷富。川中二百年不被兵革，椿力也。

At that time the other princes all trained troops on the frontier, but Chun alone secured the western marches through moral instruction and ritual propriety. When the frontier tribes raided, they burned Heiya Pass. Chun petitioned the court, which sent the commander-in-chief Qu Neng with the Duke of Liangguo, Lan Yu, across the Dadu River to intercept the raiders. From then on the frontier peoples were awed into submission. The turmoil that had afflicted the two Shu regions in earlier ages had always been stirred up by malcontents from the interior who provoked the frontier peoples. Local officials privately traded for goods from the tribal lands, or made extortionate demands that sparked conflict. Chun petitioned that silk, brocade, fragrant fans, and similar items be set as the princely household's fixed tribute, and that all other requisitions from the tribes be abolished. The people of Shu were thereby able to pursue their livelihoods in peace and grew steadily more prosperous. For two hundred years the Sichuan basin knew no warfare—an achievement owed to Chun.

成祖即位，來朝。賜予倍諸藩。谷王橞，椿母弟也，圖不軌。椿子悅燇，獲咎於椿，走橞所，橞稱為故建文君以詭衆。永樂十四年，椿暴其罪。帝報曰：「王此舉，周公安王室之心也。」入朝，賚金銀繒綵鉅萬。二十一年薨。

When the Chengzu Emperor acceded, Chun came to court. He was granted gifts twice those given to the other princely houses. The Prince of Gu, Yi, was Chun's younger brother by the same mother and was plotting treason. Chun's son Yueran, having fallen out with his father, fled to Yi; Yi passed him off as the former Jianwen Emperor in order to deceive the people. In the fourteenth year of Yongle, Chun publicly exposed Yi's crimes. The emperor replied: "Your action, Royal Brother, shows the same devotion to the royal house that the Duke of Zhou showed. On his visit to court he was rewarded with gold, silver, silks, and brocades in vast quantities. He died in the twenty-first year of Yongle.

世子悅熑先卒，孫靖王友堉嗣。初，華陽王悅爠謀奪嫡，椿覺之，會有他過，杖之百，將械於朝。友堉為力請，得釋。椿之薨，友堉方在京師，悅爠竊王帑，友堉歸不問。悅爠更誣奏友堉怨誹。成祖召入訊之，會崩。仁宗察其誣，命歸藩。召悅爠，悅爠猶執奏，仁宗抵其章於地，遷之武岡，復遷澧州。宣德五年，總兵官陳懷奏都司私遺蜀邸砲，用以警夜，非制。詔逮都司首領官。明年獻還二護衞。從之。是年薨。妃李、侍姬黃皆自經以殉。無子，弟僖王友土黨由羅江王嗣，九年薨。獻王第五子和王悅𤉎由保寧王嗣，天順五年薨。繼妃徐氏，年二十六，不食死，諡靜節。子定王友垓嗣，七年薨。子懷王申鈘嗣，成化七年薨。弟惠王申鑿嗣，弘治六年薨。子昭王賓瀚嗣，正德三年薨。子成王讓栩嗣。

The heir apparent Yueran had died earlier; the grandson, Prince Jing Youkan, succeeded to the title. Earlier the Prince of Huayang, Yueruo, had plotted to displace the legitimate heir; Chun discovered it, and when Yueruo committed another offense Chun had him beaten a hundred times and was about to send him to court in chains. Youkan pleaded earnestly on his behalf and secured his release. When Chun died, Youkan was in the capital; Yueruo stole from the princely treasury, but when Youkan returned home he did not press the matter. Yueruo then lodged a false accusation that Youkan had spoken resentfully and slanderously of the throne. Chengzu summoned Youkan for questioning, but the emperor died before the matter was concluded. The Renzong Emperor saw through the false charge and ordered Youkan to return to his fief. Yueruo was summoned, but he still persisted in his accusations; Renzong dashed his memorial to the ground, transferred him to Wugang, and later moved him again to Lizhou. In the fifth year of Xuande, the commander-in-chief Chen Huai reported that the regional command had privately supplied cannon to the Shu princely residence for night watches—a breach of regulations. An edict ordered the arrest of the regional command's senior officers. The following year he offered to return two guard units to the state. The court approved. He died that same year. His consort Li and his concubine Huang both hanged themselves to follow him in death. He left no son; his younger brother, Prince Xi Youtudang, succeeded from the rank of Prince of Luojiang and died in the ninth year of his reign. Prince Xian's fifth son, Prince He Yuexie, succeeded from the rank of Prince of Baoning and died in the fifth year of Tianshun. His successor consort, Lady Xu, aged twenty-six, starved herself to death and was posthumously honored as Jingjie (Serene Integrity). His son, Prince Ding Yougai, succeeded and died in the seventh year of his reign. His son, Prince Huai Shenmin, succeeded and died in the seventh year of Chenghua. His younger brother, Prince Hui Shenzao, succeeded and died in the sixth year of Hongzhi. His son, Prince Zhao Binhan, succeeded and died in the third year of Zhengde. His son, Prince Cheng Rangxu, succeeded to the title.

自椿以下四世七王，幾百五十年，皆檢飭守禮法，好學能文。孝宗恒稱蜀多賢王，舉獻王家範為諸宗法。讓栩尤賢明，喜儒雅，不邇聲伎，創義學，修水利，振災卹荒。嘉靖十五年，巡撫都御史吳山、巡按御史金粲以聞。賜敕嘉獎，署坊表曰「忠孝賢良」。二十年建太廟，獻黃金六十斤，白金六百斤。酬以玉帶幣帛。二十六年薨。子康王承爚嗣，三十七年薨。子端王宣圻嗣，萬曆四十年薨。子恭王奉銓嗣，四十三年薨。子至澍嗣。崇禎末，京師陷，蜀尚無恙。未幾，張獻忠陷成都，合宗被害，至澍率妃妾投於井。

From Chun down through four generations and seven princes—nearly a hundred and fifty years in all—they were uniformly self-disciplined, observant of ritual and law, devoted to learning, and accomplished in letters. The Xiaozong Emperor often remarked that Shu produced many worthy princes and held up Prince Xian's household as the model for all imperial clansmen. Rangxu was especially worthy and enlightened: he delighted in refined scholarship, shunned music and entertainers, founded charity schools, repaired irrigation works, and provided relief in times of disaster and famine. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing, the grand coordinator Wu Shan and the investigating censor Jin Can reported his conduct to the throne. The court issued an edict of commendation and had a plaque inscribed with the words "Loyal, Filial, Worthy, and Good." When the Grand Temple was built in the twentieth year, he presented sixty jin of gold and six hundred jin of silver. The court rewarded him with a jade belt and silks. He died in the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing. His son, Prince Kang Chengyao, succeeded and died in the thirty-seventh year of his reign. His son, Prince Duan Xuanqi, succeeded and died in the fortieth year of Wanli. His son, Prince Gong Fengquan, succeeded and died in the forty-third year of his reign. His son Zhishu succeeded to the title. At the end of the Chongzhen reign, when the capital fell, Shu remained untouched. Before long Zhang Xianzhong captured Chengdu; the entire princely clan was slaughtered, and Zhishu led his consorts and concubines into a well to their deaths.

湘獻王柏，太祖第十二子。洪武十一年封。十八年就藩荊州。性嗜學，讀書每至夜分。開景元閣，招納俊乂，日事校讐，志在經國。喜談兵，膂力過人，善弓矢刀槊，馳馬若飛。三十年五月，同楚王楨討古州蠻，每出入，縹囊載書以隨，遇山水勝境，輒徘徊終日。尤善道家言，自號紫虛子。建文初，有告柏反者，帝遣使即訊。柏懼，無以自明，闔宮焚死。諡曰戾。王無子，封除。永樂初，改諡獻，置祠官守其園。

Prince Xian of Xiang, Bai, was the Taizu Emperor's twelfth son. He received his princely title in the eleventh year of Hongwu. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu he established his princely court at Jingzhou. By nature he was devoted to learning and often read far into the night. He established the Jingyuan Pavilion, gathered talented scholars, devoted himself daily to textual collation, and aspired to serve the state. He delighted in military affairs; his strength was exceptional; he was skilled with bow, arrow, blade, and spear, and rode at a gallop as though flying. In the fifth month of the thirtieth year he joined the Prince of Chu, Zhen, in campaigning against the Guzhou tribes; on every expedition he carried books in a silk pouch, and whenever he came upon fine mountain or river scenery he would linger there all day. He was especially versed in Daoist teachings and styled himself the Master of Purple Void. Early in the Jianwen reign someone accused Bai of rebellion, and the emperor sent envoys to question him immediately. Bai, in fear and unable to clear himself, set fire to the palace and perished with his entire household. He was given the posthumous title Li (Perverse). The prince left no son, and the fief was abolished. Early in the Yongle reign his posthumous title was changed to Xian (Offering), and temple officers were appointed to maintain his estate.

代簡王桂，太祖第十三子。洪武十一年封豫王，二十五年改封代。是年就藩大同。糧餉艱遠，令立衞屯田以省轉運。明年詔帥護衞兵出塞，受晉王節制。桂性暴，建文時，以罪廢為庶人。

Prince Jian of Dai, Gui, was the Taizu Emperor's thirteenth son. In the eleventh year of Hongwu he was enfeoffed as Prince of Yu; in the twenty-fifth year his title was changed to Prince of Dai. That same year he established his princely court at Datong. Because grain and supplies were costly to transport over long distances, he was ordered to establish garrison farms to reduce the need for long-distance transport. The following year an edict ordered him to lead his guard troops beyond the frontier, placing him under the command of the Prince of Jin. Gui was violent by nature; during the Jianwen reign he was stripped of his title and reduced to commoner status for his crimes.

成祖即位，復爵。永樂元年正月還舊封。十一月賜璽書曰：「聞弟縱戮取財，國人甚苦，告者數矣，且王獨不記建文時耶？」尋命有司，自今王府不得擅役軍民、斂財物，聽者治之。已復有告其不軌者，賜敕列其三十二罪，召入朝，不至。再召，至中途，遣還，革其三護衞及官屬。王妃中山王徐達女，仁孝文皇后妹也，驕妒，嘗漆桂二侍女為癩。事聞，帝以中山王故，不罪。桂移怒世子遜煓，出其母子居外舍。桂已老，尚時時與諸子遜炓、遜焴窄衣禿帽，遊行市中，袖錘斧傷人。王府教授楊普上言：「遜炓狎軍人武亮，與博戲，致箠殺軍人。」朝廷杖治亮，降敕責戒，稍斂戢。十六年四月復護衞及官屬。

When the Chengzu Emperor acceded, Gui's princely title was restored. In the first month of the first year of Yongle he returned to his former fief at Datong. In the eleventh month the emperor sent him a sealed letter: "I hear, Younger Brother, that you indulge in violence and seize wealth; the people of your domain suffer greatly, and complaints have come repeatedly—has Your Highness forgotten what happened in the Jianwen years? Shortly afterward officials were ordered that, from then on, princely households must not arbitrarily impress soldiers and civilians or levy goods; violators would be punished. Later fresh reports of disloyalty arrived; an edict listed thirty-two offenses and summoned him to court, but he did not come. When summoned a second time he set out but was turned back halfway; his three guard units and their officers were stripped away. His consort was a daughter of Prince Zhongshan Xu Da and younger sister of the Renxiao Empress; proud and jealous, she once smeared lacquer on two of Gui's maidservants to disfigure them like lepers. When the matter was reported, the emperor, out of regard for Prince Zhongshan Xu Da, did not punish her. Gui turned his anger on the heir Xunduan and expelled mother and son to live in an outer lodge. Though already advanced in years, Gui still roamed the market streets from time to time with his sons Xunjiao and Xunyun, dressed in tight clothes and bald caps, carrying hammers and axes in their sleeves with which to assault passersby. The princely household instructor Yang Pu memorialized: "Xunjiao keeps company with the soldier Wu Liang, gambles with him, and in the course of a game caused a soldier to be beaten to death. The court had Liang beaten with the rod, issued an edict of rebuke and warning, and the misconduct was somewhat curbed. In the fourth month of the sixteenth year his guard units and their officers were restored.

正統十一年，桂薨。世子遜煓先卒，孫隱王仕㙻嗣。景泰中，嘗上言總兵官郭登守城功，朝廷為勞登。天順七年薨。子惠王成鍊嗣，弘治二年薨。子聰沫先封武邑王，以肆酒革爵。已，居惠王喪，益淫酗，廢為庶人，遷太原。久之，惠王妃為疏理，復封武邑王，卒。子懿王俊杖襲封代王。

Gui died in the eleventh year of Zhengtong. The heir apparent Xunduan had died earlier; the grandson, Prince Yin Shixie, succeeded to the title. During the Jingtai reign he once memorialized praising the commander-in-chief Guo Deng for his merits in defending the city, and the court rewarded Deng in response. He died in the seventh year of Tianshun. His son, Prince Hui Chenglian, succeeded and died in the second year of Hongzhi. His son Congmo had first been enfeoffed as Prince of Wuyi but lost his title for habitual drunkenness. Later, while mourning Prince Hui, he became even more dissolute and was reduced to commoner status and relocated to Taiyuan. After some time Prince Hui's consort pleaded his case; he was restored as Prince of Wuyi and later died. His son, Prince Yi Junzhang, succeeded as Prince of Dai.

嘉靖三年，大同軍叛，圍王宮，俊杖走免。事平，賜書慰問。六年薨。子昭王充燿嗣。十二年，大同軍又叛，充燿走宣府，再賜慰問。事平，返國，奏：「亂賊既除，軍民交困，乞遣大臣振撫。」詔允行。二十四年，和川奉國將軍充灼坐罪奪祿，怨充燿不為解，乃與襄垣中尉充耿謀引敵入大同殺王。會應州人羅廷璽等以白蓮教惑衆，見充灼為妖言，因畫策，約奉小王子入塞，藉其兵攻鴈門，取平陽，立充灼為主，事定，即計殺小王子。充灼然之。先遣人陰持火箭，焚大同草場五六所，而令通蒙古語者衞奉闌出邊，為總兵周尚文邏卒所獲，並得其所獻小王子表，鞫實以聞。逮充灼等至京，賜死，焚其屍，王府長史等官皆逮治。總督侍郎翁萬達疏言：「大同狹瘠，祿餉不支，代宗日繁衍，衆聚而貧。且地近邊，易生反側。請量移和川、昌化諸郡王於山、陝隙地。」詔改遷於山西。先是，景泰間，昌化王仕墰乞移封，景帝不許，至是乃遷。代宗自簡至懿。封郡王者凡二十有三，而外徙者十王。

In the third year of Jiajing the Datong garrison mutinied and besieged the princely palace; Junzhang fled and escaped. When order was restored, the emperor sent a letter of consolation. He died in the sixth year of Jiajing. His son, Prince Zhao Chongyao, succeeded to the title. In the twelfth year the Datong garrison mutinied again; Chongyao fled to Xuanfu and again received an imperial letter of consolation. After order was restored he returned to his fief and memorialized: "Now that the rebels have been eliminated, soldiers and civilians alike are in distress; I beg that senior officials be sent to provide relief and pacification. An edict approved the request. In the twenty-fourth year the Hechuan Defender of the State Chongzhuo was stripped of his stipend for a crime; resenting Chongyao's refusal to intercede, he conspired with the Xiangyuan Assistant Commander Chonggeng to lure enemies into Datong to kill the prince. Meanwhile Luo Tingxi of Yingzhou and others used the White Lotus teaching to delude the masses; taking Chongzhuo for their prophet, they plotted to bring the Little Prince through the border, use his troops to attack Yanmen and seize Pingyang, install Chongzhuo as ruler, and then kill the Little Prince once their ends were served. Chongzhuo agreed to the plan. They first sent men secretly with fire arrows to burn five or six fodder depots at Datong, and sent Wei Fenglan, who spoke Mongolian, beyond the border; Zhou Shangwen's patrol troops seized him together with the letter of submission to the Little Prince, and after interrogation the facts were reported to the throne. Chongzhuo and his accomplices were brought to the capital, granted death, and their bodies burned; the princely chief administrator and other officers were also arrested and punished. Grand Coordinator Weng Wanda memorialized: "Datong is narrow and poor; stipends cannot be met, and the Dai clan grows ever more numerous, crowded together in poverty. Moreover the region lies on the frontier and is prone to rebellion. He requested that the princes of Hechuan, Changhua, and other commanderies be relocated in measured fashion to vacant lands in Shanxi and Shaanxi. An edict ordered their transfer within Shanxi. Earlier, during Jingtai, Prince of Changhua Shidi had petitioned to move his fief but the Jingdi Emperor had refused; only now was the move carried out. In the Dai line, from Prince Jian down to Prince Yi. Twenty-three in all were enfeoffed as commandery princes, of whom ten were moved elsewhere.

襄垣王遜燂，簡王第五子，分封蒲州。諸王就藩後，非請命不得歲時定省。遜燂念大同不置，作思親篇，詞甚悲切。其後，宗人聰瀺、聰泈、俊㰙、俊榷、俊𤱧、俊杓、俊噤、充焞，皆嫻於文章。俊噤，字若訥，尤博學，有盛名，不慕榮利。姊陵川縣君，適裴禹卿，地震城崩，禹卿死。縣君以首觸棺，嘔血卒。年二十有一。詔諡貞節。

Prince of Xiangyuan Xunxie was the fifth son of Prince Jian and was enfeoffed at Puzhou. After princes had gone to their fiefs they could not pay seasonal visits to their parents without imperial permission. Xunxie could not put Datong out of his mind and composed "Thinking of Kin," a work of poignant grief. Later the clansmen Congmei, Congyin, Junqian, Junque, Juntianduo, Junshao, Junjin, and Chongtun were all accomplished in letters. Junjin, courtesy name Ruone, was especially learned and enjoyed great fame, caring nothing for rank or profit. His elder sister, the Lady of Lingchuan, married Pei Yuqing; when an earthquake collapsed the city walls Yuqing was killed. The lady struck her head against the coffin, vomited blood, and died. She was twenty-one years old. An edict posthumously honored her as Zhenjie.

靈邱王遜烇，簡王第六子。宣宗時封。好學工詩，尤善醫，嘗施藥治瘟疫，全活無算。子仕𡒳、孫成鈠、曾孫聰滆，三王皆以孝旌。聰滆子俊格，能文善書。嘉靖時，獻皇儲明堂二頌、興獻帝后挽歌，賜金帛。聰滆嘗乞封其孫廷址為曾長孫，禮官奏無故事。帝以王壽考，特許之。已而復封廷址子鼐鐮為玄長孫。聰滆薨，年八十三。鼐鐮襲高祖爵。聰滆之從父成䥩亦有孝行，聰滆聞於朝，賜金幣獎諭。詔禮官自今宗室中孝行卓異如成䥩者，撫、按疏聞。

Prince of Lingqiu Xunkan was the sixth son of Prince Jian. He was enfeoffed in the Xuande reign. He loved learning and excelled at poetry, and was especially skilled in medicine; he once distributed medicines to treat plague and saved countless lives. His son Shibang, grandson Chengbi, and great-grandson Congge—three princes in succession—were all honored for filial piety. Congge's son Junguo was accomplished in letters and skilled in calligraphy. In the Jiajing reign he presented two eulogies on the imperial heir and the Bright Hall, and dirges for the Xingxian Emperor and empress; he was rewarded with gold and silks. Congge once petitioned to enfeoff his grandson Tingzhi as great-great-grandson heir; the ritual officials reported that there was no precedent. The emperor, considering the prince's great age, specially granted it. Later he also enfeoffed Tingzhi's son Nailian as great-great-great-grandson heir. Congge died at the age of eighty-three. Nailian inherited his great-great-grandfather's title. Congge's cousin Chengjinwei also showed filial conduct; Congge reported it to the court and gold and silks were granted in commendation. An edict ordered the ritual officials that from then on, whenever clansmen showed outstanding filial conduct like Chengjinwei, the grand coordinators and investigating censors should report it.

又成𨨣者，隰川王諸孫。父仕𡍫，坐罪幽鳳陽，病死。成𨨣微服走鳳陽視喪，上疏自劾越禁，乞負父骨歸葬澤州，即不得，願為庶人，止墓側，歲時省視。詔許歸葬。弟成鐎亦好學，有志槩。嘉靖十三年上言：「雲中叛卒之變幸獲銷弭。究其釁端，實貪酷官吏激成之。臣慮天下之禍隱於民心，異日不獨雲中而已。」指陳切直，帝下廷臣飭行。時以其兄弟為二難焉。萬曆二十年，西夏弗寧，山陰王俊柵奏詩八章，寓規諷之旨。代處塞上，諸宗洊經禍亂，其言皆憂深思遠，有中朝士大夫所不及者。

There was also Chengshu, a descendant of the Prince of Xichuan. His father Shixi was imprisoned at Fengyang for a crime and died there. Chengshu went in disguise to Fengyang to attend the funeral, memorialized himself for violating the ban, and begged to carry his father's bones back to Zezhou for burial; if that were denied, he asked to become a commoner and remain by the tomb for seasonal visits. An edict permitted the return and burial. His younger brother Chengjiao also loved learning and had lofty resolve. In the thirteenth year of Jiajing he memorialized: "The mutiny of the Yunzhong rebels has fortunately been quelled. Investigating its origin, it was in truth provoked by greedy and cruel officials. I fear that the empire's calamity lies hidden in the people's hearts, and one day it will not be Yunzhong alone. His pointed and forthright words led the emperor to order the court ministers to enforce reform. At the time the two brothers were spoken of as twin marvels. In the twentieth year of Wanli, when the western Xia was unsettled, Junzha of Shanyin presented eight poems with admonitory intent. Dwelling on the frontier, the Dai clansmen had repeatedly suffered turmoil; their words were all deeply concerned and far-seeing, beyond what many court scholars could match.

廷鄣，代府宗室也。崇禎中，為鞏昌府通判，署秦州事，有廉直聲。十六年冬，賊陷秦州，被執。使之跪，叱曰：「我天朝宗姓，頭可斷，膝不可屈。」賊欲活之，大呼曰：「今日惟求一死。」坐自若，遂見害。

Tingzhang was a member of the Dai princely house. During Chongzhen he served as vice prefect of Gongchang and acted as prefect of Qinzhou, earning a reputation for integrity. In the winter of the sixteenth year bandits took Qinzhou and he was seized. When they ordered him to kneel he shouted: "I am of the imperial clan of the heavenly dynasty—my head may be cut off, but my knees will not bend. The bandits wished to spare him; he cried out: "Today I seek only death." He sat composed as before and was killed.

肅莊王楧，太祖第十四子。洪武十一年封漢王。二十四年命偕衞、谷、慶、寧、岷五王練兵臨清。明年改封肅。又明年，詔之國，以陝西各衞兵未集，命駐平涼。二十八年始就藩甘州。詔王理陝西行都司甘州五衞軍務。三十年令督軍屯糧，遇征伐以長興侯耿炳文從。建文元年乞內徙，遂移蘭州。永樂六年，以捶殺衞卒三人及受哈密進馬，逮其長史官屬。已，又聽百戶劉成言，罪平涼衞軍，敕械成等京師。十七年薨。

Prince Zhuang of Su, Zhi, was the Taizu Emperor's fourteenth son. In the eleventh year of Hongwu he was enfeoffed as Prince of Han. In the twenty-fourth year he was ordered to drill troops at Linqing together with the princes of Wei, Gu, Qing, Ning, and Min. The next year his title was changed to Prince of Su. The year after, an edict ordered him to his fief; because the Shaanxi garrison troops had not yet assembled, he was ordered to remain at Pingliang. In the twenty-eighth year he finally established his court at Ganzhou. An edict ordered the prince to administer the military affairs of the five guards of Ganzhou under the Shaanxi Regional Military Commission. In the thirtieth year he was ordered to supervise garrison grain production; on campaigns he was accompanied by the Marquis of Changxing, Geng Bingwen. In the first year of Jianwen he petitioned to move inward and was relocated to Lanzhou. In the sixth year of Yongle he was punished for beating three guard soldiers to death and accepting horses presented by Hami; his chief administrator and staff were arrested. Later he also listened to the hundred-household officer Liu Cheng and punished Pingliang guard soldiers; an edict ordered Cheng and others shackled and sent to the capital. He died in the seventeenth year of Yongle.

子康王瞻燄嗣。宣德七年上二護衞。府中被盜，為榜募告捕者。御史言非制，罪其長史楊威。瞻燄又請加歲祿。敕曰：「洪武、永樂間，歲祿不過五百石，莊王不言者，以朝廷念遠地轉輸難故也。仁考即位，加五百石矣。朕守祖制不敢違。」正統元年上言：「甘州舊邸改都司，而先王墳園尚在，乞禁近邸樵採。」從之。天順三年上馬五百匹備邊，予直不受。帝強予之。八年薨。

His son, Prince Kang Zhanxie, succeeded to the title. In the seventh year of Xuande he offered two guard units to the state. When the residence was robbed he posted notices offering rewards to informers. A censor said this was contrary to regulations and punished his chief administrator Yang Wei. Zhanxie also petitioned for an increase in his annual stipend. An edict said: "In the Hongwu and Yongle reigns annual stipends did not exceed five hundred shi; Prince Zhuang did not complain because the court considered the difficulty of transport to distant regions. When Renzong acceded, five hundred shi were added. I uphold the ancestral institutions and dare not depart from them. In the first year of Zhengtong he memorialized: "The old residence at Ganzhou has become a regional command, but my forefather's tomb remains; I beg that woodcutting and foraging near it be forbidden." The request was granted. In the third year of Tianshun he presented five hundred horses for frontier defense and declined payment. The emperor insisted on paying him. He died in the eighth year of Tianshun.

子簡王祿埤嗣，成化十五年薨。子恭王貢錝嗣，嘉靖十五年薨。世子真淤、長孫弼桓皆早卒，次孫定王弼桄嗣，四十一年薨。子縉炯先卒，孫懷王紳堵嗣，踰二年薨。無子，靖王第四子弼柿子輔國將軍縉𤏳，以屬近宜嗣。禮官言，縉𤏳，懷王從父，不宜襲。詔以本職理府事，上冊寶，罷諸官屬。穆宗即位，定王妃吳氏及延長王真滰等先後上言：「聖祖刈羣雄，定天下，報功之典有隆無替。臣祖莊王受封邊境，操練征戍，屏衞天家。不幸大宗中絕，反拘於昭穆之次，不及勳武繼絕之典，非所以崇本支，厚藩衞也。」下部議，議以郡王理藩政。帝不許。隆慶五年，特命縉𤏳嗣肅王，設官屬之半。萬曆十六年薨，諡曰懿。子憲王紳堯嗣，四十六年薨。子識鋐嗣。崇禎十六年冬，李自成破蘭州，被執，宗人皆死。

His son, Prince Jian Lubi, succeeded and died in the fifteenth year of Chenghua. His son, Prince Gong Gongzhen, succeeded and died in the fifteenth year of Jiajing. The heir Zhenyu and eldest grandson Bihuan both died young; the second grandson, Prince Ding Biguang, succeeded and died in the forty-first year. His son Jinjiong died first; the grandson, Prince Huai Shendu, succeeded and died within two years. He had no son; the fourth son of Prince Jing, Bishi, whose son Jinshe was a Defender of the State, was nearest in line and fit to succeed. The ritual officials said Jinshe was Prince Huai's father's cousin and ought not to inherit. An edict ordered him to administer the princely household in his present rank, bestow the seal and regalia, and dismiss the other officers. When Muzong acceded, the consort of Prince Ding, Lady Wu, and Prince of Yanchang Zhenying and others memorialized in succession: "The sacred founder cut down the warlords, settled the realm, and the rewards for merit are lofty and unending. Our forebear Prince Zhuang was enfeoffed on the frontier, drilled troops for campaigns, and shielded the imperial house. Unhappily the main line has broken off, yet we are bound by the order of the ancestral temple and denied the precedent by which meritorious houses may continue a broken line—this is not how to honor the root branch and strengthen the frontier guard. The matter was referred to the ministries for deliberation; they proposed that a commandery prince administer the fief. The emperor refused. In the fifth year of Longqing he was specially ordered to succeed as Prince of Su, with only half the usual household officers. He died in the sixteenth year of Wanli and received the posthumous title Yi. His son, Prince Xian Shenyao, succeeded and died in the forty-sixth year of his reign. His son Shifeng succeeded to the title. In the winter of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng captured Lanzhou; Shifeng was seized and the entire clan perished.

遼簡王植，太祖第十五子。洪武十一年封衞王，二十五年改封遼。明年就藩廣寧。以宮室未成，蹔駐大凌河北，樹柵為營。帝命武定侯郭英為築城郭宮室。英，王妃父也，督工峻急。會高麗自國中至鴨綠江皆積粟，帝慮其有陰謀，而役作軍士艱苦，令輟役。至三十年，始命都督楊文督遼東諸衞士繕治之，增其雉堞，以嚴邊衞。復圖西北沿邊要害，示植與寧王權，諭之曰：「自東勝以西至寧夏、河西、察罕腦兒，東勝以東至大同、宣府、開平，又東南至大寧，又東至遼東，抵鴨綠江，北至大漠，又自鴈門關外，西抵黃河，渡河至察罕腦兒，又東至紫荊關，又東至居庸關及古北口，又東至山海衞，凡軍民屯種地，毋縱畜牧。其荒曠地及山場，聽諸王駙馬牧放樵採，東西往來營駐，因以時練兵防寇。違者論之。」植在邊，習軍旅，屢樹軍功。建文中，「靖難」兵起，召植及寧王權還京。植渡海歸朝，改封荊州。永樂元年入朝，帝以植初貳於己，嫌之。十年削其護衞，留軍校廚役三百人，備使令。二十二年薨。子長陽王貴烚嗣。

Prince Jian of Liao, Zhi, was the Taizu Emperor's fifteenth son. In the eleventh year of Hongwu he was enfeoffed as Prince of Wei; in the twenty-fifth year he became Prince of Liao. The following year he established his princely court at Guangning. Because the palace was unfinished, he temporarily encamped north of the Daling River behind a stockade. The emperor ordered the Marquis of Wuding, Guo Ying, to build the city walls and palace. Ying was the consort's father and drove the labor with harsh urgency. When Goryeo had stored grain from its interior all the way to the Yalu River, the emperor feared a hidden plot; seeing also how hard the laboring soldiers suffered, he ordered the work halted. Only in the thirtieth year was Commander Yang Wen ordered to repair it with Liaodong guard troops, raising the battlements to tighten frontier defense. Maps of key points along the northwest frontier were again shown to Zhi and Prince of Ning Quan, with instructions: "From Dongsheng west to Ningxia, Hexi, and Chahanur; from Dongsheng east to Datong, Xuanfu, and Kaiping; then southeast to Daning; then east to Liaodong as far as the Yalu; north to the desert; and from beyond Yanmen west to the Yellow River, crossing to Chahanur; then east to Zijing Pass, Juyong Pass, and Gubeikou; then east to Shanhaiguan—for all lands where soldiers and civilians farm, do not allow free grazing. Waste lands and mountain pastures were left to princes and imperial sons-in-law for grazing, woodcutting, and gathering; they might move camps east and west and drill troops seasonally against raiders. Violators would be punished. On the frontier Zhi was versed in military affairs and repeatedly won merit in campaigns. During Jianwen, when the Pacify Difficulties campaign began, Zhi and Prince of Ning Quan were summoned back to the capital. Zhi crossed the sea to return to court and was reassigned to Jingzhou. In the first year of Yongle he came to court; the emperor, remembering Zhi's early wavering, bore him ill will. In the tenth year his guard units were stripped away, leaving three hundred military clerks and kitchen servants for errands. He died in the twenty-second year of Yongle. His son, Prince of Changyang Guiye, succeeded to the title.

初，植庶子遠安王貴燮、巴東王貴煊嘗告其父有異謀。及父死，又不奔喪。仁宗即位，皆廢為庶人。正統元年，府僚乞加王祿。敕曰：「簡王得罪朝廷，成祖特厚待，仁宗朝加祿，得支二千石。宣宗又給旗軍三百人，親親已至。王素乖禮度，府臣不匡正，顧為王請乎！」不許。三年，巡撫侍郎吳政奏王不友諸弟，待庶母寡恩，捶死長史杜述，居國多過。召訊京師，盡得其淫穢黷倫、兇暴諸不法事。明年四月廢為庶人，守簡王園。弟肅王貴𤊐嗣，成化七年薨。子靖王豪墭嗣，十四年薨。子惠王恩𨯀。

Earlier Zhi's sons by concubines, Princes of Yuan'an and Badong, had accused their father of plotting treason. When their father died they did not go into mourning. When Renzong acceded both were reduced to commoner status. In the first year of Zhengtong the princely staff petitioned to increase the prince's stipend. An edict said: "Prince Jian offended the court; Chengzu treated him with special favor; under Renzong his stipend was raised to two thousand shi. Xuanzong also gave three hundred banner troops—the kindness due kin had reached its limit. The prince has long been wanting in ritual; his officers do not correct him, yet they petition on his behalf! The request was denied. In the third year Grand Coordinator Wu Zheng memorialized that the prince was unfriendly to his younger brothers, unkind to his stepmother, had beaten Chief Administrator Du Shu to death, and committed many offenses in his domain. Summoned to the capital for questioning, all his lewdness, incest, and violent illegal acts were fully established. In the fourth month of the next year he was reduced to commoner status and ordered to guard Prince Jian's estate. His younger brother, Prince Su Guifu, succeeded and died in the seventh year of Chenghua. His son, Prince Jing Haosheng, succeeded and died in the fourteenth year of his reign. His son Prince Hui Enhe succeeded.

弘治五年，松滋王府諸宗人恩鑡等闌入荊州府支歲祿，恩𨯀禁之，皆怨。已，儀賓袁鏞復誘恩鑡等招羣小，奪軍民商賈利。恩𨯀發其事，恩鑡等愈怨，謀殺王。朝廷遣官按實，幽恩鑡等鳳陽，謫戍其黨有差。恩𨯀陰使送者刑梏之，斃八十餘人。不數日，世子暴卒。八年，恩𨯀疽發背薨。子恭王寵涭嗣，與弟光澤王寵𤃆友愛，飲食服御必俱。寵𤃆有令德，寵涭有事必咨之後行。正德十六年薨。子莊王致格嗣，病不視事。妃毛氏明書史，沉毅有斷，中外肅然，賢聲聞天下。

In the fifth year of Hongzhi the clansmen Enzuan and others of the Songzi princely house forced their way into the Jingzhou residence to draw annual stipends; Enhe forbade it and they all resented him. Later the ceremonial son-in-law Yuan Yong again induced Enzuan and others to recruit ruffians and seize profits from soldiers, civilians, and merchants. Enhe exposed the affair; Enzuan and the others grew more resentful and plotted to kill the prince. The court sent officials to investigate; Enzuan and others were imprisoned at Fengyang and their followers banished in varying degrees. Enhe secretly had the escorts torture them with cangue and shackles, and more than eighty died. Within a few days the heir apparent died suddenly. In the eighth year Enhe died of a carbuncle on his back. His son, Prince Gong Chongshun, succeeded; he and his younger brother Prince of Guangze Chongxi were affectionate and always shared food and clothing. Chongxi had fine character; Chongshun would consult him before acting on any matter. He died in the sixteenth year of Zhengde. His son, Prince Zhuang Zhige, succeeded but was ill and did not attend to affairs. Consort Mao was versed in history, resolute and decisive; within and without all was orderly, and her virtue was famed throughout the realm.

慶靖王㮵，太祖第十六子。洪武二十四年封。二十六年就藩寧夏。以餉未敷，令駐慶陽北古韋州城，就延安、綏、寧租賦。二十八年詔王理慶陽、寧夏、延安、綏德諸衞軍務。三十年始建邸。王好學有文，忠孝出天性。成祖善之，令歲一至韋州度夏。宣德初，言寧夏卑濕，水泉惡，乞仍居韋。不許，令歲一往來，如成祖時。正統初，寧夏總兵官史昭奏王沮邊務，占靈州草場畜牧，遣使由綏德草地往還，煽惑土民。章未下，或告王閱兵，造戎器，購天文書。㮵疑皆昭為之。三年上書，請徙國避昭。英宗不可，貽書慰諭。其年薨，子康王秩煃嗣。景泰元年以寧夏屢被兵，乞徙內地，不許。成化五年薨。子懹王邃𡓱嗣，十五年薨。弟莊王邃塀嗣，弘治四年薨。子恭王寘錖嗣，十一年薨。子定王台浤嗣。

Prince Jing of Qing, Shu, was the Taizu Emperor's sixteenth son. He received his title in the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu. In the twenty-sixth year he established his court at Ningxia. Because provisions were insufficient, he was ordered to stay at the old Wei prefecture city north of Qingyang and draw grain rents from Yan'an, Sui, and Ning. In the twenty-eighth year an edict ordered the prince to administer the military affairs of the guards of Qingyang, Ningxia, Yan'an, and Suide. In the thirtieth year the princely residence was first built. The prince loved learning and had literary talent; loyalty and filial piety came from his nature. Chengzu favored him and ordered him to go once a year to Wei prefecture to pass the summer. Early in Xuande he said Ningxia was low, damp, and its springs foul, and begged to remain at Wei. This was not permitted; he was ordered to travel back and forth once a year as in Chengzu's time. Early in Zhengtong the Ningxia commander Shi Zhao memorialized that the prince obstructed frontier affairs, occupied Lingzhou pastures for grazing, sent envoys across Suide grasslands, and incited the tribal peoples. Before the memorial was issued, others reported that the prince reviewed troops, made weapons, and bought books on astronomy. Shu suspected it was all Zhao's doing. In the third year he memorialized asking to move his fief to escape Zhao. Yingzong refused and sent a letter of consolation. He died that year; his son, Prince Kang Zhihuang, succeeded. In the first year of Jingtai, because Ningxia had repeatedly suffered warfare, he petitioned to move inland but was refused. He died in the fifth year of Chenghua. His son, Prince Yin Suiji, succeeded and died in the fifteenth year of his reign. His younger brother, Prince Zhuang Suiji, succeeded and died in the fourth year of Hongzhi. His son, Prince Gong Zhizhen, succeeded and died in the eleventh year of his reign. His son, Prince Ding Taihong, succeeded to the title.

正德五年，安化王寘鐇反，台浤稽首行君臣禮。詔削護衞，革祿三之一，戍其承奉、長史。嘉靖三年，台浤賄鎮守太監李昕、總兵官种勛，求為奏請復祿。昕、勛不納，台浤銜之。會寧夏衞指揮楊欽等得罪於巡撫都御史張璿，謀藉王殺璿及勛。事覺，下都司、按察司按治，欽等誣台浤不軌，璿以聞。帝使太監扶安、副都御史王時中等復按，上言：「台浤他罪有之，無謀不軌事。」詔廷臣定議，坐前屈事寘鐇，蒙恩不悛，煽構羣小，謀害守臣，廢為庶人，留邸，歲與米三百石，以其叔父鞏昌王寘銂攝府事。

In the fifth year of Zhengde, when Prince of Anhua Zhifan rebelled, Taihong bowed and performed the rites of subject to lord. An edict stripped his guard units and reduced his stipend by one third; his attendants and chief administrator were banished to frontier service. In the third year of Jiajing Taihong bribed the frontier grand eunuch Li Xin and the commander Zhong Xun to memorialize for restoration of his stipend. Xin and Xun would not accept; Taihong bore them a grudge. Meanwhile Ningxia guard commander Yang Qin and others, having offended Grand Coordinator Zhang Xuan, plotted to use the prince to kill Xuan and Xun. When the plot was exposed, the regional command and surveillance commission investigated; Qin and others falsely accused Taihong of disloyalty, and Xuan reported it. The emperor sent the eunuch Fu An and Vice Censor-in-chief Wang Shizhong and others to reinvestigate; they reported: "Taihong has other faults, but no plot of disloyalty. An edict ordered the court to decide; for his earlier submission to Zhifan, ingratitude after mercy, and inciting ruffians to harm frontier officials, he was reduced to commoner status, kept at the residence with three hundred shi of grain a year, and his uncle Prince of Gongchang Zhizhen was ordered to administer the princely household.

寘銂裁慶邸宮妃薪米，取邸中金帛萬計。台浤子鼒櫍幼失愛於父，逃寘銂所。寘銂造台浤謀逆謠語，使寺人誘鼒櫍吟誦，圖陷台浤自立。懷王妃王氏奏寘銂裁減衣食，至不能自存。豐林王台瀚亦欲陷寘銂，遂發其瀆亂人倫諸罪。驗實，廢為庶人，幽高牆。廷議謂台浤父子乖離，徙台浤西安，而封鼒櫍世子，視府事，十一年十月也。十五年以兩宮徽號恩復台浤冠帶，薨。

Zhizhen rationed fuel and grain for the Qing consorts and palace women and took gold and silks from the treasury in sums of tens of thousands. Taihong's son Zaizhan, as a child unloved by his father, fled to Zhizhen's household. Zhizhen fabricated seditious verses against Taihong and had eunuchs induce Zaizhan to recite them, plotting to frame Taihong and seize the title himself. Consort Wang of Prince Huai memorialized that Zhizhen had cut food and clothing until they could not survive. Prince of Fenglin Taihan also wished to frame Zhizhen and exposed his crimes of violating human relations. The facts were verified; he was reduced to commoner status and imprisoned in the high wall. The court decided that father and son were estranged; Taihong was moved to Xi'an while Zaizhan was enfeoffed as heir to administer the household—in the tenth month of the eleventh year. In the fifteenth year, by grace for the empresses' honorific titles, Taihong's cap and belt were restored; he died soon after.

鼒櫍先卒，弟惠王鼒枋嗣。好學樂善，以禮飭諸宗。世宗賜之敕，建坊表之。寧夏築邊牆，鼒枋出銀米佐工。萬曆二年薨。子端王倪𤏳嗣，十六年薨。子憲王伸域嗣，十九年薨。明年，寧夏賊哱拜反，王妃方氏匿其子帥鋅地窖中，自經死。時壽陽嗣王倪爋，哱拜脅降之，不屈，為所囚。鎮原王伸塇理府事，謀襲賊弗克，府中人皆被殺。賊平，御史劉芳譽言：「諸宗死節者俱應卹錄，方妃宜建祠旌表。」詔從之，給銀一萬五千兩，分振諸宗人。帥鋅嗣，薨。子倬㴶嗣。崇禎十六年，流賊破寧夏，被執。

Zaizhan had died earlier; his younger brother, Prince Hui Zaifang, succeeded. He loved learning and delighted in good deeds, restraining the clan by ritual. The Shizong Emperor granted him an edict of commendation and erected a commemorative arch. When Ningxia built the frontier wall, Zaifang contributed silver and grain to assist the work. He died in the second year of Wanli. His son, Prince Duan Nixuan, succeeded and died in the sixteenth year of his reign. His son, Prince Xian Shenyu, succeeded and died in the nineteenth year of his reign. The next year the Ningxia bandit Puba rebelled; Consort Fang hid her son Shuai Xin in a cellar and hanged herself. At the time Prince of Shouyang Ni Xuan held the succession; Puba forced him to submit but he would not yield and was imprisoned. Prince of Zhenyuan Shenjun administered the household and plotted to strike the rebels but failed; everyone in the residence was killed. When the rebels were suppressed, Censor Liu Fangyu memorialized: "All clansmen who died for principle should be recorded for relief; Consort Fang should have a shrine and commendatory tablet. An edict approved; fifteen thousand taels of silver were given to relieve the clansmen. Shuai Xin inherited the title and soon passed away. His son Zhuo Cong succeeded to the title. In the sixteenth year of the Chongzhen reign, rebel forces overran Ningxia and took him captive.

安塞王秩炅，靖王季子也，十二而孤，母位氏誨之。性通敏，過目不忘，善古文。遇縉紳學士，質難辨惑，移日不倦。所著有隨筆二十卷。

Prince Anse Zhi Jiong was the Prince of Jing's youngest son. Orphaned at twelve, he was raised under the tutelage of his mother, Lady Wei. Quick-witted and retentive, he never forgot what he read once and wrote classical prose with ease. Whenever he met gentry scholars he would press them with hard questions and debate knotty points, talking from dawn to dusk without tiring. Among his writings was Random Notes in twenty juan.

庶人寘鐇，祖秩炵，靖王第四子也。封安化王。父邃墁，鎮國將軍，以寘鐇襲王爵。性狂誕，相者言其當大貴，巫王九兒教鸚鵡妄言禍福，寘鐇遂覬望非分。寧夏指揮周昂，千戶何錦、丁廣，諸衞學生孫景文、孟彬、史連輩，皆往來寘鐇所。正德五年，帝遣大理少卿周東度寧夏屯田。東希劉瑾意，以五十畝為一頃，又畝斂銀為瑾賄，敲扑慘酷，戍將衞卒皆憤怨。而巡撫都御史安惟學數杖辱將士妻，將士銜刺骨。寘鐇知衆怒，令景文飲諸武臣酒，以言激之，諸武臣多願從寘鐇者。又令人結平虜城戍將及素所厚張欽等。會有邊警，參將仇鉞、副總兵楊英帥兵出防禦。總兵官姜漢簡銳卒六十人為牙兵，令周昂領之，遂與何錦定約。四月五日，寘鐇設宴，邀撫、鎮官飲於第，惟學、東不至。錦、昂帥牙兵直入，殺姜漢及太監李增、鄧廣於坐，分遣卒殺惟學、東及都指揮楊忠於公署。遂焚官府，釋囚繫，撤黃河渡船於西岸以絕渡者。遣人招楊英、仇鉞，皆佯許之。英率衆保王宏堡，衆潰，英奔靈州。鉞引還，寘鐇奪其軍，出金帛犒將士。偽署何錦大將軍，周昂、丁廣副將軍，張欽先鋒，魏鎮、楊泰等總兵都護。令孫景文作檄，以討劉瑾為名。

Zhifan, reduced to commoner status, was the grandson of Zhi Tong and the fourth son of the Prince of Jing. He received the title Prince of Anhua. His father Sui Man held the rank of State Defender General, and Zhifan succeeded to the princely title through him. Wild and reckless by nature, he was told by a physiognomist that he was destined for greatness; a shaman named Wang Jiuer taught a parrot to utter false prophecies of fortune and disaster, and Zhifan began to aspire to what was not rightfully his. Ningxia Commander Zhou Ang, Battalion Commanders He Jin and Ding Guang, and guard students including Sun Jingwen, Meng Bin, and Shi Lian all frequented Zhifan's residence. In the fifth year of Zhengde the emperor dispatched Vice Minister of Justice Zhou Dong to inspect Ningxia garrison farming. Seeking to curry favor with Liu Jin, Dong counted fifty mu as one qing and levied silver per mu as tribute for Jin; his beatings were savage, and frontier commanders and garrison troops seethed with hatred. Grand Coordinator An Weixue also repeatedly had officers' wives beaten and humiliated, and the troops bore him a grudge that cut to the bone. Aware of the general fury, Zhifan had Jingwen entertain the military officers with wine and incite them with words; many were ready to follow him. He also sent agents to recruit the garrison commander at Pinglu Fort and such longtime allies as Zhang Qin. When a frontier alarm arose, Regional Commander Qiu Yue and Vice Commander-in-Chief Yang Ying marched out to meet it. Commander-in-Chief Jiang Han selected sixty elite soldiers as his personal guard, placed Zhou Ang at their head, and struck a pact with He Jin. On the fifth day of the fourth month Zhifan gave a banquet and invited the grand coordinator and garrison officials to his residence; Weixue and Dong stayed away. Jin and Ang led the personal guard straight in, killing Jiang Han and the eunuchs Li Zeng and Deng Guang at the feast, while other men were sent to kill Weixue, Dong, and Regional Commander Yang Zhong at their offices. They burned the government offices, freed the prisoners, and moved the Yellow River ferries to the west bank to block passage. He sent men to summon Yang Ying and Qiu Yue; both pretended to comply. Ying gathered his men at Wanghong Fort, but the force broke and he fled to Lingzhou. When Yue turned back, Zhifan seized his army and handed out gold and silk to reward the troops. He made He Jin Grand General in name, Zhou Ang and Ding Guang Vice Generals, Zhang Qin vanguard, and Wei Zhen, Yang Tai, and others overall commanders and guardians. He had Sun Jingwen draft a proclamation under the banner of punishing Liu Jin.

陝西總兵官曹雄聞變，遣指揮黃正駐靈州，檄楊英督靈州兵防黃河。都指揮韓斌、總兵官侯勳、參將時源各以兵會。英密使蒼頭報仇鉞為內應，令史墉浮渡奪西岸船，營河東，焚大、小二壩草。寘鐇懼，令錦等出禦，獨留昂守城，使使召鉞。鉞稱病，昂來問疾，鉞刺昂死。令親兵馳寘鐇第，擊殺景文、連等十餘人，遂禽寘鐇，迎英衆入。寘鐇反十有八日而禽。錦、廣、泰、欽先後皆獲，械送伏誅。寘鐇賜死，諸子弟皆論死。有孫鼒材逃出，削髮為僧，居永寧山中。未幾，為土僧所凌，詣官言狀。傳至京，安化宮人左寶瓶在浣衣局，使驗之，咤曰：「此鼒材殿下也。」帝念其自歸，免死。安置鳳陽。

When Shaanxi Commander-in-Chief Cao Xiong learned of the revolt, he sent Commander Huang Zheng to hold Lingzhou and ordered Yang Ying to deploy Lingzhou troops along the Yellow River. Regional Commanders Han Bin and Hou Xun and Regional Commander Shi Yuan each marched in with their forces. Ying secretly sent a servant to Qiu Yue to serve as an inside collaborator, and ordered Shi Yong to swim the river, seize the west-bank boats, camp on the east bank, and burn the fodder at the Great and Small Dams. Frightened, Zhifan sent Jin and the others out to fight while leaving Ang to hold the city, and dispatched a messenger to summon Yue. Yue feigned illness; when Ang came to visit him, Yue stabbed him dead. He sent his personal guard racing to Zhifan's residence, cut down Jingwen, Lian, and more than ten others, seized Zhifan, and admitted Ying's troops. Zhifan's rebellion lasted only eighteen days before he was taken. Jin, Guang, Tai, and Qin were captured in turn, sent under guard, and put to death. Zhifan was granted death by the emperor's command; all his sons and younger brothers were condemned to die. One grandson, Zicai, escaped, took monastic vows, and lived in the Yongning mountains. Soon he was harassed by local monks and went to the magistrate to state his grievance. When word reached the capital, Zuobaoping, a woman of the Anhua palace household in the Laundry Bureau, was sent to identify him; she cried out, "This is His Highness Zicai! The emperor, taking account of his voluntary surrender, spared his life. He was resettled at Fengyang.

寧獻王權，太祖第十七子。洪武二十四年封。踰二年，就藩大寧。大寧在喜峯口外，古會州地，東連遼左，西接宣府，為巨鎮。帶甲八萬，革車六千，所屬朶顏三衞騎兵皆驍勇善戰。權數會諸王出塞，以善謀稱。燕王初起兵，與諸將議曰：「曩余巡塞上，見大寧諸軍慓悍。吾得大寧，斷遼東，取邊騎助戰，大事濟矣。」建文元年，朝議恐權與燕合，使人召權，權不至，坐削三護衞。其年九月，江陰侯吳高攻永平，燕王往救。高退，燕王遂自劉家口間道趨大寧，詭言窮蹙來求救。權邀燕王單騎入城，執手大慟，具言不得已起兵故，求代草表謝罪。居數日，欵洽不為備。北平銳卒伏城外，吏士稍稍入城，陰結三衞部長及諸戍卒。燕王辭去，權祖之郊，伏兵起，擁權行。三衞彍騎及諸戍卒，一呼畢集。守將朱鑑不能禦，戰歿。王府妃妾世子皆隨入松亭關，歸北平，大寧城為空。權入燕軍，時時為燕王草檄。燕王謂權，事成，當中分天下。比即位，王乞改南土。請蘇州，曰：「畿內也。」請錢塘，曰：「皇考以予五弟，竟不果。建文無道，以王其弟，亦不克享。建寧、重慶、荊州、東昌皆善地，惟弟擇焉。」

Prince Xian of Ning, Quan, was the Taizu Emperor's seventeenth son. He received his princely title in the twenty-fourth year of the Hongwu reign. Two years later he took up his fief at Dening. Dening stood beyond Xifeng Pass in the old lands of Huizhou, linked east to Liaodong and west to Xuanfu—a major strategic bastion. Its armored force numbered eighty thousand with six thousand war chariots, and the cavalry of the three Duoyan guards under its command were all fierce fighters. Quan often joined the other princes on campaigns beyond the frontier and was famed for shrewd counsel. When the Prince of Yan first took up arms, he told his generals in council: "When I toured the frontier I saw how formidable Dening's armies were. If I gain Dening, sever Liaodong, and enlist the frontier cavalry, the great enterprise will succeed. In the first year of Jianwen the court, fearing Quan would side with the Prince of Yan, summoned him; he refused to come and was stripped of his three guard units. In the ninth month of that year Marquis of Jiangyin Wu Gao attacked Yongping, and the Prince of Yan marched to its relief. After Gao withdrew, the Prince of Yan slipped through Liujiakou toward Dening, claiming in feigned distress that he had come to beg for help. Quan invited the Prince of Yan to ride into the city alone; they clasped hands and wept, and Quan explained at length why he had been forced to rebel and asked him to draft a memorial of apology. After several days of cordial intimacy he lowered his guard. Beiping's elite troops lay hidden outside the walls while officers and clerks slipped into the city and secretly won over the chiefs of the three guards and the garrison soldiers. As the Prince of Yan departed, Quan saw him off to the suburbs; ambushers sprang up and seized him on the road. The Mongol cavalry of the three guards and all the garrison troops rallied at a single summons. Defending commander Zhu Jian could not repel them and fell in battle. The prince's consorts, concubines, and heir all passed through Songting Pass back to Beiping, and Dening was left empty. Quan joined the Yan army and from time to time drafted proclamations for the Prince of Yan. The Prince of Yan promised Quan that when the enterprise succeeded they would divide the realm between them. Once enthroned, the Prince of Yan acceded; Quan begged to be transferred to the south. He asked for Suzhou, saying, "It lies within the metropolitan region. He asked for Qiantang, saying, "Our late father had meant it for his fifth son, yet it never came to pass. Jianwen was without the Way; even had he enfeoffed me as his younger brother, I could not have enjoyed it. Jianning, Chongqing, Jingzhou, and Dongchang are all fine places—let my younger brother choose."

永樂元年二月改封南昌，帝親製詩送之，詔即布政司為邸，瓴甋規制無所更。已而人告權巫蠱誹謗事，密探無驗，得已。自是日韜晦，搆精廬一區，鼓琴讀書其間，終成祖世得無患。

In the second month of Yongle's first year he was reassigned to Nanchang; the Chengzu Emperor composed a poem to send him off and ordered his residence established in the provincial administration compound, its scale of tile and brick unchanged. Before long someone accused Quan of witchcraft and slander; secret investigation found nothing, and the matter was dropped. Thereafter he kept a low profile, built a secluded study where he played the zither and read, and passed the Chengzu reign without incident.

仁宗時，法禁稍解，乃上書言南昌非其封國。帝答書曰：「南昌，叔父受之皇考已二十餘年，非封國而何？」宣德三年請乞近郭灌城鄉土田。明年又論宗室不應定品級。帝怒，頗有所詰責。權上書謝過。時年已老，有司多齮齕以示威重。權日與文學士相往還，託志翀舉，自號臞仙。嘗奉敕輯通鑑博論二卷，又作家訓六篇，寧國儀範七十四章，漢唐祕史二卷，史斷一卷，文譜八卷，詩譜一卷，其他註纂數十種。正統十三年薨。

During the Renzong reign, when legal restrictions eased somewhat, he memorialized that Nanchang was not his allotted fief. The emperor wrote back: "Uncle, you have held Nanchang from our late father for more than twenty years—if that is not a fief, what is? In the third year of Xuande he petitioned for suburban farmland at Guancheng. The following year he again argued that members of the imperial clan ought not be assigned fixed rank grades. The emperor grew angry and rebuked him sharply. Quan submitted a memorial of apology. By then he was already old, and local officials often found fault with him to assert their authority. Quan spent his days among literary scholars, affecting disinterest in office, and styled himself the Emaciated Immortal. At imperial command he compiled Broad Discussions on the Comprehensive Mirror in two juan, and also wrote Family Instructions in six sections, Ceremonial Standards of the Ning Principality in seventy-four chapters, Secret Histories of Han and Tang in two juan, Judgments on History in one juan, Literary Patterns in eight juan, Poetic Patterns in one juan, and dozens of other annotated works. He died in the thirteenth year of Zhengtong.

世子盤烒先卒，孫靖王奠培嗣。奠培善文辭，而性卞急，多嫌猜。景泰七年，弟弋陽王奠壏訐其反逆，巡撫韓雍以聞。帝遣官往讞，不實。時軍民連逮者六七百人，會英宗復辟，俱赦釋，惟謫戍其教授游堅。奠培由是憾守土官，不為禮。布政使崔恭積不平，王府事多持不行。奠培遂劾奏恭不法。恭與按察使原傑亦奏奠培私獻、惠二王宮人，逼內官熊璧自盡。按問皆實，遂奪護衞。踰三年，而奠壏以有罪賜死。初，錦衣衞指揮逯杲聽詗事者言，誣奠壏烝母。帝令奠培具實以聞，復遣駙馬都尉薛桓與杲按問。奠培奏無是事，杲按亦無實。帝怒，責問杲。杲懼，仍以為實，遂賜奠壏母子自盡，焚其屍。是日雷雨大作，平地水深數尺，衆咸冤之。

The heir Panlie died first; his grandson Prince Jing Dianpei succeeded. Dianpei wrote well but was quick-tempered and deeply suspicious. In the seventh year of Jingtai his younger brother Prince of Yiyang Dianjian accused him of treason, and Grand Coordinator Han Yong reported it to the throne. The emperor sent officials to investigate; the charge proved false. Six or seven hundred soldiers and civilians had been implicated; when the Yingzong Emperor regained the throne all were pardoned, though his instructor You Jian was banished to frontier service. Dianpei therefore bore a grudge against the local officials and withheld courtesy from them. Administrative Commissioner Cui Gong had long nursed grievances, and many princely household matters were blocked. Dianpei then memorialized accusing Gong of misconduct. Gong and Surveillance Commissioner Yuan Jie also reported that Dianpei had privately presented palace women to the Princes of Xian and Hui and had driven inner attendant Xiong Bi to suicide. Investigation confirmed every charge, and his guard unit was stripped away. More than three years later Dianjian was granted death for his crimes. At first Brocade Guard Commander Lu Gao, heeding informants, falsely accused Dianjian of incest with his mother. The emperor ordered Dianpei to report the facts and again sent Chief Commandant of Imperial Son-in-Law Xue Huan with Gao to investigate. Dianpei memorialized that no such thing had occurred, and Gao's investigation also found nothing. The emperor grew angry and sharply rebuked Gao. Gao, in fear, still upheld the charge as true; Dianjian and his mother were granted death by their own hand and their bodies burned. That day thunder and rain erupted and water on level ground stood several chi deep; all regarded it as a grievous injustice.

弘治四年，奠培薨。子康王覲鈞嗣，十年薨。子上高王宸濠嗣。其母，故娼也。始生，靖王夢蛇啖其室，旦日鴟鳴，惡之。及長，輕佻無威儀，而善以文行自飾。術士李自然、李日芳妄言其有異表，又謂城東南有天子氣。宸濠喜，時時詗中朝事，聞謗言輒喜。或言帝明聖，朝廷治，即怒。武宗末年無子，羣臣數請召宗室子子之。宸濠屬疎，顧深結左右，於帝前稱其賢。初，宸濠賄劉瑾，復所奪護衞。瑾誅，仍論奪。及陸完為兵部尚書，宸濠結嬖人錢寧、臧賢為內主，欲奏復，大學士費宏執不可。諸嬖人乘宏讀廷試卷，取中旨行之。宸濠益恣，擅殺都指揮戴宣，逐布政使鄭岳、御史范輅，幽知府鄭巘、宋以方。盡奪諸附王府民廬，責民間子錢，強奪田宅子女，養羣盜，劫財江、湖間，有司不敢問。日與致仕都御史李士實、舉人劉養正等謀不軌。副使胡世寧請朝廷早裁抑之。宸濠連奏世寧罪，世寧坐謫戍，自是無敢言者。

Dianpei died in the fourth year of Hongzhi. His son Prince Kang Jingjun succeeded and died in the tenth year. His son Chenhao, Prince of Shanggao, succeeded. His mother had once been a courtesan. At his birth the Prince of Jing dreamed a snake devoured his chamber; when an owl cried at dawn he took it as an ill omen. As he grew up he was frivolous and lacked dignified bearing, yet knew how to cloak himself in literary propriety. The diviners Li Ziran and Li Rifang falsely declared he bore an extraordinary countenance and claimed an emperor's aura lay southeast of the city. Chenhao was delighted and constantly spied on court affairs; slanderous talk always pleased him. If anyone praised the emperor as wise and the court as well governed, he flew into a rage. In the late Wuzong reign the emperor had no heir, and ministers repeatedly asked that a clansman's son be summoned to succeed. Chenhao stood far from the succession, yet he cultivated the emperor's intimates and had them praise his virtues at court. At first Chenhao bribed Liu Jin and regained his stripped guard unit. When Jin was executed the guard unit was stripped away again. When Lu Wan became Minister of War, Chenhao won over the favorites Qian Ning and Zang Xian as inside backers and sought restoration of the guard unit; Grand Secretary Fei Hong refused. The favorites, while Hong was reading palace examination papers, seized a secret edict and had it executed. Chenhao grew bolder still: he killed Regional Commander Dai Xuan on his own authority, drove out Administrative Commissioner Zheng Yue and Censor Fan Luo, and imprisoned Prefects Zheng Yan and Song Yifang. He seized every dwelling of subjects tied to the princely house, exacted usurious loans, forcibly took fields, houses, children, and wives, maintained bands of robbers, and plundered on the rivers and lakes while local officials dared not intervene. Day and night he plotted rebellion with retired Censor-in-Chief Li Shishi and Presented Scholar Liu Yangzheng. Vice Commissioner Hu Shining asked the court to curb him early. Chenhao repeatedly memorialized against Shining; Shining was banished to frontier service, and thereafter none dared speak out.

正德十二年，典儀閻順，內官陳宣、劉良間行詣闕上變。寧、賢等庇之，不問。宸濠疑出承奉周儀，殺儀家及典仗查武等數百人。巡撫都御史孫燧列其事，中道為所邀，不得達。宸濠又賄錢寧，求取中旨，召其子司香太廟。寧言於帝，用異色龍牋，加金報賜。異色龍牋者，故事所賜監國書牋也。宸濠大喜，列仗受賀。復勒諸生、父老奏闕下，稱其孝且勤。時邊將江彬新得幸，太監張忠附彬，欲傾寧、賢，乘間為帝言：「寧、賢盛稱寧王，陛下以為何如？」帝曰：「薦文武百執事，可任使也。薦藩王何為者？」忠曰：「賢稱寧王孝，譏陛下不孝耳。稱寧王勤，譏陛下不勤耳。」帝曰：「然。」下詔逐王府人，毋留闕下。是時宸濠與士實、養正日夜謀，益遣姦人盧孔章等分布水陸孔道，萬里傳報，浹旬往返，蹤跡大露，朝野皆知其必反。巡撫都御史孫燧七上章言之，皆為所邀沮。諸權姦多得宸濠金錢，匿其事不以聞。

In the twelfth year of Zhengde Ceremonial Director Yan Shun and inner attendants Chen Xuan and Liu Liang secretly went to the capital to report the plot. Ning and Xian shielded him, and no inquiry followed. Chenhao suspected palace attendant Zhou Yi of the leak and killed Yi's family along with Ceremonial Guard Cha Wu and several hundred others. Grand Coordinator Sun Sui memorialized the affair, but was intercepted on the road and could not deliver it. Chenhao again bribed Qian Ning to obtain a secret edict summoning his son to perform incense at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Ning spoke to the emperor, and in reply a dragon-letter of unusual color with gold added was bestowed. By precedent a dragon-letter of unusual color was granted for regency documents. Chenhao was overjoyed and lined up his guard to receive congratulations. He again forced students and village elders to memorialize at court praising his filial piety and diligence. Frontier general Jiang Bin had newly won favor; eunuch Zhang Zhong attached himself to Bin and, seeking to topple Ning and Xian, told the emperor: "Ning and Xian lavishly praise the Prince of Ning—what does Your Majesty make of that? The emperor said, "Recommending civil and military officials fit for office is one thing. Why recommend a prince of the blood?" Zhong said, "When Xian praises the Prince of Ning's filial piety, he mocks Your Majesty as unfilial. When he praises the Prince of Ning's diligence, he mocks Your Majesty as idle." The emperor said, "Just so." An edict expelled men of the princely house and forbade them to remain at court. By then Chenhao plotted day and night with Shishi and Yangzheng, dispatching agents such as Lu Kongzhang along every land and water route; messages crossed ten thousand li and returned within ten days—the trail lay fully exposed, and all knew he would rebel. Grand Coordinator Sun Sui memorialized seven times, yet each memorial was intercepted. Many powerful favorites had taken Chenhao's gold and silver and concealed the affair.

十四年，御史蕭淮疏言宸濠諸罪，謂不早制，將來之患有不可勝言者。疏下內閣，大學士楊廷和謂宜如宣宗處趙府事，遣勳戚大臣宣諭，令王自新。帝命駙馬都尉崔元、都御史顏頤壽、太監賴義持諭往，收其護衞，令還所奪官民田。宸濠聞元等且至，乃定計，以己生辰日宴諸守土官。詰旦皆入謝。宸濠命甲士環之，稱奉太后密旨，令起兵入朝。孫燧及副使許逵不從，縛出斬之。執御史王金，主事馬思聰、金山，參議黃宏、許傚廉，布政使胡廉，參政陳杲、劉棐，僉事賴鳳，指揮許金、白昂等下獄。參政王綸、季斆，僉事潘鵬、師夔，布政使梁宸，按察使楊璋，副使唐錦皆從逆。以李士實、劉養正為左、右丞相，王綸為兵部尚書，集兵號十萬。命其承奉涂欽與素所蓄羣盜閔念四等，略九江、南康，破之。馳檄指斥朝廷。七月壬辰朔，宸濠出江西，留其黨宜春王拱樤、內官萬銳等守城，自帥舟師蔽江下，攻安慶。

In the fourteenth year Censor Xiao Huai memorialized Chenhao's crimes, warning that unless he was restrained early the harm to come would be beyond reckoning. The memorial reached the Grand Secretariat; Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe argued it should be handled as the Xuande Emperor had handled the Zhao affair—send a meritorious imperial clansman to announce the edict and bid the prince reform. The emperor ordered Chief Commandant of Imperial Son-in-Law Cui Yuan, Censor-in-Chief Yan Shoushou, and eunuch Lai Yi to announce the edict, strip his guard unit, and order return of seized official and private lands. Learning that Yuan and the others were approaching, Chenhao decided to feast the local officials on his birthday. At dawn they all came to pay their respects. Chenhao had armored soldiers surround them, claiming a secret edict from the Empress Dowager ordering them to raise troops and march on the capital. Sun Sui and Vice Commissioner Xu Kui refused; they were bound, led out, and beheaded. Censor Wang Jin, Section Heads Ma Sicong and Jin Shan, Administrative Commissioner Hu Lian, Participating Administrators Chen Guo and Liu Fei, Vice Commissioner Lai Feng, and Commanders Xu Jin and Bai Ang were imprisoned. Participating Administrators Wang Lun and Ji Xiao, Vice Commissioners Pan Peng and Shi Kui, Administrative Commissioner Liang Chen, Surveillance Commissioner Yang Zhang, and Vice Commissioner Tang Jin all joined the rebellion. Li Shishi and Liu Yangzheng were made Left and Right Grand Chancellors, Wang Lun Minister of War, and one hundred thousand troops were mustered. He ordered palace attendant Tu Qin and longtime robber retainers such as Min Niansi to overrun Jiujiang and Nankang. He issued proclamations denouncing the court. On renchen, the first day of the seventh month, Chenhao left Jiangxi, leaving partisans Prince of Yichun Gong Suo, eunuch Wan Rui, and others to hold the city while he led a fleet downriver to attack Anqing.

汀贛巡撫僉都御史王守仁聞變，與吉安知府伍文定等檄諸郡兵先後至。乃使奉新知縣劉守緒破其墳廠伏兵。戊申，直攻南昌。辛亥，城破，拱樤、銳等皆就禽，宮人自焚死。宸濠方攻安慶不克，聞南昌破，大恐，解圍還，守仁逆擊之。乙卯，遇於黃家渡，賊兵乘風進薄，氣驕甚。文定及指揮余恩佯北，誘賊趨利，前後不相及。知府邢珣、徐璉、戴德孺從後急擊，文定帥還兵乘之，賊潰，斬溺萬計。又別遣知府陳槐、林瑊、曾璵、周朝佐復九江、南康。明日，復戰，官兵稍却，文定帥士卒殊死鬬，禽斬二千餘級，宸濠乃退保樵舍。明日，官軍以火攻之，宸濠大敗。諸妃嬪皆赴水死，將士焚溺死者三萬餘人。宸濠及其世子、郡王、儀賓並李士實、劉養正、涂欽、王綸等俱就禽。宸濠自舉事至敗，蓋四十有三日。

Grand Coordinator Wang Shouren of Ting-Gan, hearing of the revolt, with Ji'an Prefect Wu Wendin and others summoned troops from the prefectures, which arrived in succession. He sent Fengxin Magistrate Liu Shouxu to break the ambush at the tomb factory. On wushen he struck directly at Nanchang. On xinhai the city fell; Gong Suo, Rui, and the others were captured, and palace women burned themselves to death. Chenhao was failing to take Anqing when he learned Nanchang had fallen; in terror he lifted the siege and turned back, and Shouren struck him on the retreat. On yimao they met at Huangjiadu; the rebels, riding a favorable wind, pressed close and fought with great arrogance. Wendin and Commander Yu En feigned retreat, luring the rebels to chase profit until front and rear lost contact. Prefects Xing Qi, Xu Lian, and Dai Deru struck from the rear; Wendin wheeled about and pressed the attack, and the rebels broke—tens of thousands were cut down or drowned. He also sent Prefects Chen Huai, Lin Jian, Zeng Yu, and Zhou Chaozuo to recover Jiujiang and Nankang. The next day they fought again; government troops gave ground, but Wendin led his men in a desperate fight, capturing or killing more than two thousand, and Chenhao withdrew to Qiaoshe. The next day the government army attacked with fire and Chenhao suffered a crushing defeat. Consorts and concubines drowned themselves; more than thirty thousand soldiers died by fire or water. Chenhao, his heir, commandery princes, imperial sons-in-law, and Li Shishi, Liu Yangzheng, Tu Qin, Wang Lun, and the others were all taken. From rising to defeat, Chenhao's rebellion lasted forty-three days.

時帝聞宸濠反，下詔暴其罪，告宗廟，廢為庶人。逮繫尚書陸完，嬖人錢寧、臧賢等，籍其家。江彬、張忠從臾帝親征，至良鄉，守仁捷奏至，檄止之。守仁已械繫宸濠等，取道浙江。帝留南京，遣許泰、朱暉及內臣張永、張忠搜捕江西餘黨，民不勝其擾。檄守仁還江西。守仁至杭州，遇張永，以俘付之，使送行在。十五年十二月，帝受所獻俘回鑾，至通州誅之，封除。初，宸濠謀逆，其妃婁氏嘗諫。及敗，歎曰：「昔紂用婦言亡，我以不用婦言亡，悔何及。」

When the emperor learned Chenhao had rebelled, he issued an edict exposing his crimes, reported to the ancestral temple, and reduced him to commoner status. Minister Lu Wan and favorites Qian Ning and Zang Xian were arrested and their property confiscated. Jiang Bin and Zhang Zhong urged the emperor to campaign in person; at Liangxiang Shouren's victory report arrived and orders went out to stop the march. Shouren had already fettered Chenhao and the others and marched by way of Zhejiang. The emperor stayed at Nanjing and sent Xu Tai, Zhu Hui, and inner attendants Zhang Yong and Zhang Zhong to hunt Jiangxi's remaining partisans, and the people suffered unbearably. Shouren was ordered back to Jiangxi. At Hangzhou Shouren met Zhang Yong, entrusted the captives to him, and had him escort them to the temporary palace. In the twelfth month of the fifteenth year the emperor received the captives on his return and executed them at Tongzhou; the fief was abolished. When Chenhao first plotted rebellion, his consort Lady Lou had tried to dissuade him. When defeat came he sighed: "Zhou lost the realm by heeding a woman's words; I lost it by refusing them—what use is regret now?"

嘉靖四年，弋陽王拱樻等言：「獻王、惠王四服子孫所共祀，非宸濠一人所自出，如臣等皆得甄別，守職業如故，而二王不獲廟享，臣竊痛之。」疏三上，帝命弋陽王以郡王奉祀，樂舞齋郎之屬半給之。寧藩既廢，諸郡王勢頡頏，莫能一，帝命拱樻攝府事。卒，樂安王拱欏攝。拱欏奏以建安、樂安、弋陽三王分治八支，著為令。

In the fourth year of Jiajing Prince of Yiyang Gong Su and others memorialized: "The Princes Xian and Hui are jointly enshrined by descendants in mourning dress who did not all descend from Chenhao alone; men such as we should be sifted and continue in our posts, yet the two princes are denied temple sacrifice—we grieve at this. After three memorials the emperor ordered the Prince of Yiyang to perform sacrifice with commandery-prince standing, granting half the ritual musicians and officers. After the Ning principality was abolished the commandery princes were evenly matched and none could dominate; the emperor ordered Gong Su to administer the household. When he died Prince of Le'an Gong Rong took over administration. Gong Rong memorialized that the Princes of Jian'an, Le'an, and Yiyang should each govern one of eight branches, and this was made permanent law.

石城王奠堵，惠王第四子。性莊毅，家法甚嚴。靖王奠培與諸郡王交惡，臨川、弋陽皆被搆得罪，奠堵獨謹約，不能坐以過失。子覲鎬，孝友有令譽，早卒。孫宸浮嗣，與母弟宸浦、庶兄宸潣、弟宸澅皆淫縱殺人。弘治十二年互訐奏，宸浮、宸浦並革為庶人，宸澅、宸潣奪祿。宸澅遂從宸濠反，雷震死。嘉靖二十四年，復宸浮、宸浦冠帶，宸潣子拱梃上書為父澡雪，亦還爵。

Prince of Shicheng Moudou was the fourth son of Prince Hui. Stern and resolute by nature, he maintained very strict household discipline. Prince Jing Dianpei feuded with the commandery princes; Linchuan and Yiyang were both framed and punished, but Moudou alone kept to propriety and could not be faulted. His son Jinghao was filial, affectionate, and widely esteemed, and died young. Grandson Chenfu succeeded; he and his younger brother by the same mother Chenpu, elder brother by a concubine Chenxun, and younger brother Chenhui were all licentious, violent, and murderous. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi they memorialized against one another; Chenfu and Chenpu were reduced to commoners, and Chenhui and Chenxun lost their stipends. Chenhui then joined Chenhao's rebellion and was killed by lightning. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiajing Chenfu and Chenpu regained cap and belt; Chenxun's son Gong Ting memorialized to clear his father's name and his title was restored as well.

宸澅弟宸浫素方正，宸濠欲屈之，不得，數使人火其居，而諷諸宗資給之以示惠，宸浫辭不受。宸濠敗，宸浫得免。子輔國將軍拱槩，孫奉國將軍多𤎲，曾孫鎮國中尉謀㙔，三世皆端謹自好，而謀㙔尤貫串羣籍，通曉朝廷典故。諸王子孫好學敦行，自周藩中尉睦㮮而外，莫及謀㙔者。萬曆二十二年，廷議增設石城、宜春管理，命謀㙔以中尉理石城王府事，得劾治不法者。典藩政三十年，宗人咸就約束。暇則閉戶讀書，著易象通、詩故、春秋戴記魯論箋及他書，凡百十有二種，皆手自繕寫。黃汝亨為進賢令，投謁抗禮，劇談久之，逡巡改席。次日，北面稱弟子，人兩稱之。病革，猶與諸子說易。子八人，皆賢而好學。從弟謀㬜築室龍沙，躬耕賦詩以終。

Chenhui's younger brother Chentang was upright by nature; Chenhao tried to break him but failed, repeatedly sent men to burn his house, and hinted that the clansmen should support him as a show of favor—Chentang refused. When Chenhao fell Chentang escaped punishment. His son State Defender General Gong Gai, grandson State Supporter General Duoyin, and great-grandson State Defender Captain Mou Kun—three generations upright and self-restrained—while Mou Kun especially mastered many texts and knew court precedent thoroughly. Among princely descendants who loved learning and lived uprightly, none since Captain Muzhen of the Zhou principality could match Mou Kun. In the twenty-second year of Wanli the court debated adding Shicheng and Yichun administrations and ordered Mou Kun, as captain, to administer Shicheng princely affairs with authority to impeach lawbreakers. For thirty years he managed princely affairs, and all clansmen submitted to discipline. In leisure he shut his door to read, writing Commentary on the Changes' Images, Old Meanings of the Odes, Lu's Recorded Discourses on the Spring and Autumn with Commentary, and other works—one hundred and twelve in all, every one copied by his own hand. Huang Yuheng, magistrate of Jinxian, paid a visit; Mou Kun received him as an equal and talked at length before deferentially changing seats. The next day Huang faced north and called himself disciple; both men won praise. Even on his deathbed he discussed the Changes with his sons. His eight sons were all worthy and loved learning. His younger cousin Mou Xi built a house at Longsha and lived out his days farming and writing poetry.

奉國將軍拱榣，瑞昌王奠墠四世孫也。父宸渠為宸濠累，逮繫中都。兄拱枘請以身代，拱榣佐之，卒得白。嘉靖九年上書請建宗學，令宗室設壇墠，行耕桑禮，謹祀典，加意恤刑，皆得旨俞允。捐田白鹿洞贍學者。其後以議禮稱旨，拱枘上大禮頌，並賜敕褒諭。諸子羣從多知名者。多熅、多燩以孝友著。多煪、多𤆼以秉禮嚴重稱。多𤏳、多煃、多炘以善詞賦名。而多熅與從兄多煡獨杜門却掃，多購異書，校讐以為樂。萬曆中，督撫薦理瑞昌王府事，謝不起。多煪父拱樛以宸濠事被逮，多煪甫十餘齡，哭走軍門，乞以身代，王守仁見而異之。嘉靖二年疏訟父冤，得釋歸，復爵。時諸郡王統於弋陽，而瑞昌始王不祀。多煪自謂小宗宜典宗祏，請於朝，特敕許焉。乃益祭田，修飭家政，儼若朝典。四子皆莊謹嗜學。

State Supporter General Gong Rong was a fourth-generation descendant of Prince of Ruichang Moudian. His father Chenqu was implicated in Chenhao's affair and imprisoned at Zhongdu. His elder brother Gong Rui asked to suffer punishment in his stead; Gong Rong assisted, and in the end their innocence was established. In the ninth year of Jiajing he memorialized to establish a clan school, have the imperial clan set altars and perform farming and sericulture rites, observe sacrifices carefully, and temper punishments—all approved by edict. He donated fields at White Deer Grotto to support students. Later, because his views on the Rites Controversy pleased the throne, Gong Rui submitted Great Rites Eulogy and both received imperial praise. Many of his sons and cousins became well known. Duoyun and Duocan were famed for filial piety and brotherly affection. Duomei and Duoxuan were praised for solemn adherence to ritual. Duochong, Duokui, and Duoxin were famed for poetry and rhapsody. Yet Duoyun and his elder cousin Duomei alone shut their doors to the world, bought rare books, and found joy in collating texts. In the Wanli reign the governor and grand coordinator recommended him to administer Ruichang princely affairs, but he refused. Duomei's father Gong Jiao was arrested in the Chenhao affair when Duomei was barely ten; he wept and ran to the army gate begging to suffer in his father's place, and Wang Shouren was moved. In the second year of Jiajing he memorialized pleading his father's innocence; his father was released and his title restored. At the time commandery princes all fell under Yiyang, yet Ruichang's founding prince went without sacrifice. Duomei held that as a lesser lineage he should maintain the ancestral shrine and petitioned the court; a special edict approved. He increased sacrificial fields, restored household discipline, and conducted affairs with the solemnity of court ceremony. All four of his sons were upright, careful, and loved learning.

奉國將軍多煌，惠王第五子弋陽王奠壏五世孫也。孝友嗜學。弋陽五傳而絕，宗人舉多煌賢能，敕攝府事，瑞昌諸宗皆屬焉。性廉靜寡欲，淑人熊氏早卒，不再娶，獨處齋閣者二十六年。萬曆四十一年，撫、按以行誼聞。詔褒之。會病卒，詔守臣加祭一壇。又多炡者，亦奉國將軍，潁敏善詩歌，嘗變姓名出遊，蹤跡遍吳、楚。晚病羸，猶不廢吟誦。卒，門人私諡曰清敏先生。子謀堚亦有父風。時樂安輔國將軍多𤉰有詩癖，與謀堚等放志文酒，終其世。

State Supporter General Duohuang was a fifth-generation descendant of Prince of Yiyang Dianjian, fifth son of Prince Hui. He was filial, affectionate, and loved learning. When the Yiyang line ended after five generations the clansmen nominated Duohuang as worthy and capable; an edict ordered him to administer the household, and all Ruichang clansmen were placed under him. Incorrupt, quiet, and of few desires, he never remarried after his virtuous wife Lady Xiong died young, and lived alone in his study for twenty-six years. In the forty-first year of Wanli the governor and censor reported his upright conduct. The throne issued an edict of praise. When he died of illness an edict ordered local officials to add one sacrificial altar. There was also Duozheng, a State Supporter General—clever and skilled in poetry; he once traveled incognito under another name, his tracks reaching all of Wu and Chu. In late life, though frail with illness, he never ceased composing verse. When he died his disciples privately gave him the posthumous style Master Qingmin. His son Mou Jie inherited his father's character. At the time State Defender General Duohuan of Le'an was obsessed with poetry and with Mou Jie and others devoted themselves to literature and wine for the rest of their lives.

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