Volume 116 Biographies 4: Princes 1

宗室十五王太祖諸子一

Fifteen Princes of the Imperial Clan: Sons of the Founding Emperor, Part One

明制，皇子封親王，授金冊金寶，歲祿萬石，府置官屬。護衛甲士少者三千人，多者至萬九千人，隸籍兵部。冕服車旗邸第，下天子一等。公侯大臣伏而拜謁，無敢鈞禮。親王嫡長子，年及十歲，則授金冊金寶，立為王世子，長孫立為世孫，冠服視一品。諸子年十歲，則授塗金銀冊銀寶，封為郡王。嫡長子為郡王世子，嫡長孫則授長孫，冠服視二品。諸子授鎮國將軍，孫輔國將軍，曾孫奉國將軍，四世孫鎮國中尉，五世孫輔國中尉，六世以下皆奉國中尉。其生也請名，其長也請婚，祿之終身，喪葬予費，親親之誼篤矣。考二百餘年之間，宗姓實繁，賢愚雜出。今據所紀載，自太祖時追封祔廟十五王以及列朝所封者，著於篇。而郡王以下有行義事實可采者，世系亦得附見焉。

Under Ming law, an emperor's sons were enfeoffed as princes of the first rank, given golden patent books and golden seals, granted ten thousand piculs in annual stipend, and provided with a full staff in their princedoms. Their princely guards ranged from three thousand armored troops to as many as nineteen thousand, all registered with the Ministry of War. Their regalia, chariots, banners, and residences stood one rank below the emperor's. Dukes, marquises, and senior ministers bowed low when they came to call; none presumed to meet them as equals in ritual. When a prince's eldest son by the principal wife turned ten, he received a golden patent and seal and was named heir to the princedom; the eldest grandson was named heir to the heir, and both wore regalia equivalent to the first rank. Other sons, at age ten, received gilded silver patents and silver seals and were enfeoffed as princes of the second rank. The eldest son by the principal wife became heir to the second-rank princedom; the eldest grandson of the principal line received the title of eldest grandson, and both wore regalia equivalent to the second rank. Sons received the rank of Defender-General of the State; grandsons, Supporter-General; great-grandsons, Sustainer-General; in the fourth generation, Defender-Commandant; in the fifth, Supporter-Commandant; and from the sixth generation on, all held the rank of Sustainer-Commandant of the State. Names were requested at birth and marriages at maturity; stipends lasted a lifetime and burial costs were provided—the dynasty's care for its own blood was deep indeed. Over more than two centuries the imperial clan had grown vast indeed, and the capable and the worthless appeared side by side. What follows records, from the fifteen princes posthumously enfeoffed and enshrined under the Founding Emperor through those enfeoffed in later reigns, all that the annals preserve. Where princes of lower rank left conduct or deeds worth noting, their lines are included as well.

宗室十五王

Fifteen Princes of the Imperial Clan

太祖諸子一

Sons of the Founding Emperor, Part One

秦王樉汧陽王誠洌晉王□慶成王濟炫西河王奇溯新堞周王橚鎮平王有爌博平王安水戍南陵王睦□英鎮國中尉睦□挈鎮國將軍安水侃鎮國中尉勤熨楚王楨武岡王顯槐齊王榑潭王梓趙王□巳魯王檀歸善王當沍輔國將軍當焚奉國將軍健根安丘王當隧壽金林

This chapter treats the Prince of Qin, Zhu Shuang; the Prince of Qianyang, Zhu Chenglie; the Prince of Jin, Zhu □; the Prince of Qingcheng, Zhu Jixuan; the Princes of Xihe, Zhu Qisu and Xin Die; the Prince of Zhou, Zhu Su; the Prince of Zhenping, Zhu Youhuang; the Prince of Boping, Zhu An Shui Xu; the Prince of Nanling, Zhu Mu□ying; the Defender-Commandants Zhu Mu□qie and Zhu Qinyun and the Defender-General Zhu An Shui Kan; the Prince of Chu, Zhu Zhen; the Prince of Wugang, Zhu Xianhuai; the Princes of Qi and Tan, Zhu Fu and Zhu Zi; the Prince of Zhao, Zhu □ji; the Prince of Lu, Zhu Tan; the Prince of Guishan, Zhu Danghong; the Supporter-General Zhu Dangfen; the Sustainer-General Zhu Jiangen; the Prince of Anqiu, Zhu Dangsui; and Shou Jinlin.

熙祖，二子。長仁祖，次壽春王，俱王太后生。壽春王四子，長霍丘王，次下蔡王，次安豐王，次蒙城王。霍丘王一子，寶應王。安豐王四子，六安王、來安王、都梁王、英山王。下蔡、蒙城及寶應、六安諸王先卒，皆無後。洪武元年追封，二年定從祀禮，祔享祖廟東西廡。壽春、霍丘、安豐、蒙城四王，皆以王妃配食。蒙城王妃田氏早寡，有節行，太祖甚重之。十王、四妃墓在鳳陽白塔祠，官歲祀焉。仁祖，四子。長南昌王，次盱眙王，次臨淮王，次太祖，俱陳太后生。南昌王二子，長山陽王，無後，次文正。盱眙王一子，昭信王，無後。臨淮王無子。太祖起兵時，諸王皆前卒，獨文正在。洪武初，諸王皆追封從祀。文正以罪謫死。子守謙，封靖江王，自有傳。正德十一年，御史徐文華言：「宋儒程頤曰：『成人而無後者，祭終兄弟之孫之身。』蓋從祖而祔，亦從祖而毀，未有祖祧而祔食之孫獨存者。今懿、僖二祖既祧，太廟祔享諸王亦宜罷祀。」廷議不可，文華竟以妄言下獄。嘉靖中建九廟，東西廡如故。九廟災，復同堂異室之制，祔十五王於兩序。盱眙、臨淮王二妃配食。南昌王妃王氏，後薨，祔葬皇陵，不配食。

Emperor Xi had two sons. The eldest was Emperor Ren; the second was the Prince of Shouchun—both sons of Empress Dowager Wang. The Prince of Shouchun had four sons: the eldest became Prince of Huoqiu, followed by the Princes of Xiaocai, Anfeng, and Mengcheng. The Prince of Huoqiu had one son, the Prince of Baoying. The Prince of Anfeng had four sons: the Princes of Lu'an, Lai'an, Duliang, and Yingshan. The Princes of Xiaocai, Mengcheng, Baoying, and Lu'an all predeceased him and left no descendants. In Hongwu 1 they received posthumous enfeoffments; in Hongwu 2 the rites of collateral sacrifice were established, and they were installed for worship in the east and west wings of the ancestral temple. For the four princes of Shouchun, Huoqiu, Anfeng, and Mengcheng, their consorts shared the sacrificial offerings. Lady Tian, consort of the Prince of Mengcheng, was widowed young and lived with exemplary fidelity; the Founding Emperor esteemed her deeply. The ten princes and four consorts were buried at the White Pagoda Shrine in Fengyang, where the state performed annual sacrifices. Emperor Ren had four sons. The eldest was the Prince of Nanchang, followed by the Princes of Xuyi and Linhuai, and last the Founding Emperor—all sons of Empress Dowager Chen. The Prince of Nanchang had two sons: the elder, Prince of Shanyang, died without issue; the younger was Wenzheng. The Prince of Xuyi had one son, the Prince of Zhaoxin, who died without descendants. The Prince of Linhuai had no sons. When the Founding Emperor took up arms, all his brothers were already dead save Wenzheng. Early in the Hongwu reign all were posthumously enfeoffed and admitted to collateral worship. Wenzheng was punished for a crime and died in banishment. His son Shouqian was enfeoffed as Prince of Jingjiang; his life is recorded in a separate biography. In Zhengde 11, Censor Xu Wenhua argued: "The Song scholar Cheng Yi wrote: 'When a man dies without heirs, sacrifice ends with a brother's grandson. One who is enshrined with a collateral forebear is removed when that forebear is removed; the main line of ancestors cannot be retired while a collateral grandson installed with them alone remains. Now that Emperors Yi and Xi have been removed from the main temple, the princes enshrined there for collateral worship should cease to receive offerings as well.' The court rejected the proposal, and Wenhua was jailed in the end for reckless words. Under Jiajing nine temples were erected, and the east and west wings were left as they had been. After fire destroyed the nine temples, the single-hall, separate-chamber arrangement was restored, and the fifteen princes were again installed for collateral worship in the two wings. The consorts of the Princes of Xuyi and Linhuai shared the sacrificial offerings. Lady Wang, consort of the Prince of Nanchang, died later and was buried beside the imperial tombs, but did not share in the offerings.

太祖，二十六子。高皇后生太子標、秦王樉、晉王□、成祖、周王橚。胡充妃生楚王楨。達定妃生齊王榑、潭王梓。郭寧妃生魯王檀。郭惠妃生蜀王椿、代王桂、谷王橞。胡順妃生湘王柏。韓妃生遼王植。余妃生慶王□旃。楊妃生寧王權。周妃生岷王楩、韓王松。趙貴妃生沈王模。李賢妃生唐王檉。劉惠妃生郢王楝。葛麗妃生伊王□彝。而肅王柍母郜無名號。趙王□巳、安王楹、皇子楠皆未詳所生母。

The Founding Emperor had twenty-six sons. Empress Gao bore the crown prince Biao, the Princes of Qin and Jin (Zhu Shuang and Zhu □), the Yongle Emperor, and the Prince of Zhou, Zhu Su. Consort Hu Chong bore Zhu Zhen, Prince of Chu. Consort Da Ding bore the Princes of Qi and Tan, Zhu Fu and Zhu Zi. Consort Guo Ning bore Zhu Tan, Prince of Lu. Consort Guo Hui bore the Princes of Shu, Dai, and Gu—Zhu Chun, Zhu Gui, and Zhu Yan. Consort Hu Shun bore Zhu Bai, Prince of Xiang. Consort Han bore Zhu Zhi, Prince of Liao. Consort Yu bore the Prince of Qing, Zhu □zhan. Consort Yang bore Zhu Quan, Prince of Ning. Consort Zhou bore the Princes of Min and Han, Zhu Bian and Zhu Song. Noble Consort Zhao bore Zhu Mo, Prince of Shen. Consort Li Xian bore Zhu Cheng, Prince of Tang. Consort Liu Hui bore Zhu Dong, Prince of Ying. Consort Ge Li bore the Prince of Yi, Zhu □yi. Prince Su's mother, Lady Gao, held no formal consort rank. For the Prince of Zhao Zhu □ji, the Prince of An Zhu Ying, and the imperial son Nan, the identity of their mothers is unknown.

秦愍王樉，太祖第二子。洪武三年封。十一年就籓西安。其年五月賜璽書曰：「關內之民，自元氏失政，不勝其敝。今吾定天下，又有轉輸之勞，民未休息。爾之國，若宮室已完，其不急之務悉已之。」十五年八月，高皇后崩，與晉、燕諸王奔喪京師，十月還國。十七年，皇后大祥，復來朝，尋遣還。二十二年改大宗正院為宗人府，以樉為宗人令。二十四年，以樉多過失，召還京師，令皇太子巡視關陝。太子還，為之解。明年命歸籓。

Prince Min of Qin, Zhu Shuang, was the Founding Emperor's second son. He received his enfeoffment in Hongwu 3. In Hongwu 11 he went to his fief at Xi'an. That May the emperor sent him a sealed letter: "The people of the Guanzhong region, since the Yuan lost the way of rule, have borne hardships beyond endurance. Now that I have pacified the realm, they still labor under transport levies and have scarcely had rest. In your domain, once your palaces are finished, put aside every task that is not urgent. In the eighth month of Hongwu 15, after Empress Gao's death, he hurried to the capital with the Princes of Jin and Yan and returned to his fief in the tenth month. In Hongwu 17, when the empress's mourning was completed, he came to court again and was soon sent home. In Hongwu 22 the Court of the Imperial Clan became the Imperial Clan Court, and Shuang was named its director. In Hongwu 24, because Shuang had committed many faults, he was recalled to the capital and the crown prince was sent to inspect Guanzhong and Shaanxi. When the crown prince returned, he spoke in Shuang's defense. The following year he was ordered back to his fief.

從弟臨潼王誠澯子昭王秉□嗣。十四年薨。子定王惟焯嗣，有賢行，有司以聞。嘉靖十九年，敕表以綽楔。獻金助太廟工，益歲祿二百石，賜玉帶襲衣。惟焯嘗奏請潼關以西、鳳翔以東河堧地，曰：「皇祖所賜先臣樉也。」戶部尚書梁材執奏：「陝西外供三鎮，內給四王，民困已極。豈得復奪堧地，濫給宗籓。」詔如材言。二十三年薨，無子。

The line passed to Zhu Bing□ of Zhao, son of Zhu Chengzhan, Prince of Lintong, a younger cousin. He died in the fourteenth year of the reign. His son Zhu Weizhuo, Prince Ding, succeeded him; officials reported his exemplary conduct. In Jiajing 19 the throne ordered a commemorative plaque with carved frame erected in his honor. He donated gold toward the Grand Temple project; his annual stipend rose by two hundred piculs, and he received a jade belt and ceremonial robes. Weizhuo once petitioned for the river-bank lands west of Tong Pass and east of Fengxiang, claiming they had been granted by the founding emperor to his ancestor Shuang. Minister of Revenue Liang Cai objected: "Shaanxi already feeds three frontier garrisons and four princely households; the people are at the breaking point. How can we strip away more river lands to lavish on the imperial clan? The throne ruled as Liang Cai urged. He died in the twenty-third year of the reign, leaving no heir.

再從子宣王懷埢由中尉嗣。奏以本祿千石贍諸宗，賜敕獎諭。四十五年薨。子靖王敬鎔嗣，萬歷四年薨。子敬王誼旐嗣，十四年薨。無子，弟誼漶由紫陽王嗣。薨，子存樞嗣。李自成破西安，存樞降於賊，偽授權將軍，妃劉氏死之。

A more distant cousin, Zhu Huaiqiao, Prince Xuan, succeeded from the rank of commandant. He reported using his thousand-picul stipend to support needy kinsmen and received an edict of praise. He died in the forty-fifth year of the reign. His son Zhu Jingrong, Prince Jing, succeeded him and died in Wanli 4. His son Zhu Yizhao, Prince Jing, succeeded and died in the fourteenth year of his reign. Without a son, his younger brother Yihuan succeeded from the rank of Prince of Ziyang. He died, and his son Cunshu succeeded. When Li Zicheng captured Xi'an, Cunshu submitted to the rebels and accepted a bogus rank as General of Authority; Consort Liu took her own life.

汧陽王誠洌，康王諸孫也，事父及繼母以孝聞。父疾，經月不解帶。及薨，醯醬鹽酪不入口。明年，墓生嘉禾，一本雙穗，嘉瓜二實並蒂，慈烏異鳥環集。以母馬妃早卒，不逮養，追服衰食蔬者三年。雪中萱草生華，鹹謂孝感所致。弘治十五年賜敕嘉獎。

Zhu Chenglie, Prince of Qianyang, a grandson of Prince Kang, was famed for his filial care of his father and stepmother. When his father fell ill, he went a full month without loosening his belt in attendance. After his father's death he refused all seasoned food, eating only the plainest fare. The following year fine grain with twin ears and melons with conjoined fruit appeared at the tomb, and filial crows and rare birds gathered there. Because his mother, Lady Ma, had died while he was young and he had never been able to care for her, he wore mourning and ate only vegetables for three years in belated filial observance. Daylilies blossomed in the snow, and all took it as a sign of filial devotion. In Hongzhi 15 the throne issued an edict of praise.

時有輔國將軍秉樺，亦好學篤行。父病，禱於神，乞以身代，疾竟愈。母喪廬墓，有雙鶴集庭中。定王以聞。世宗表其門。晉恭王□，太祖第三子也。學文於宋濂，學書於杜環，洪武三年封。十一年就籓太原，中道笞膳夫。帝馳諭曰：「吾帥群英平禍亂，不為姑息。獨膳夫徐興祖，事吾二十三年未嘗折辱。怨不在大，小子識之。」 □修目美髯，顧盼有威，多智數。然性驕，在國多不法。或告□有異謀。帝大怒，欲罪之，太子力救得免。二十四年，太子巡陝西歸，□岡隨來朝，敕歸籓。自是折節，待官屬皆有禮，更以恭慎聞。是時，帝念邊防甚，且欲諸子習兵事，諸王封並塞居者皆預軍務。而晉、燕二王，尤被重寄，數命將兵出塞及築城屯田。大將如宋國公馮勝、穎國公傅友德皆受節制。又詔二王，軍中事大者方以聞。三十一年三月薨，子定王濟熹嗣。

At the same time Supporter-General Zhu Binghua was also known for scholarship and upright conduct. When his father fell ill, he prayed to the gods to suffer in his father's place, and the illness lifted. He mourned his mother in a hut beside her tomb, and a pair of cranes appeared in the courtyard. Prince Ding Zhu Jixi reported the matter to the court. The Jiajing Emperor bestowed a commemorative plaque upon his gate. Zhu □, Prince Gong of Jin, was the Hongwu Emperor's third son. He studied letters under Song Lian and calligraphy under Du Huan, and received his enfeoffment in Hongwu 3. In year eleven he took up residence at his fief in Taiyuan and, en route, had a kitchen steward beaten. The emperor sent a swift reprimand: "I led the realm's finest men to quell chaos—I do not coddle wrongdoing. Only Xu Xingzu, my kitchen steward, has served me twenty-three years without once suffering insult— grievance need not be great to endure. Mark this well, boy. Zhu □ had striking eyes and a fine beard, a commanding presence, and a shrewd mind. Yet he was proud by nature and committed many unlawful acts within his domain. Someone denounced Zhu □ for plotting rebellion. The emperor was enraged and meant to punish him, but the crown prince pleaded strenuously and he was spared. In Hongwu 24 the crown prince returned from inspecting Shaanxi; Zhu □Gang accompanied him to court and was ordered back to his fief. Thereafter he mended his ways, treated his staff with courtesy, and came to be known for humble discretion. At that time the emperor was keenly anxious about the frontier and wanted his sons trained in warfare; every prince enfeoffed along the northern marches took part in military affairs. The princes of Jin and Yan bore the heaviest trust, repeatedly ordered to command troops beyond the frontier, build walled posts, and open garrison farms. Field commanders of the highest rank, such as Feng Sheng, Duke of Song, and Fu Youde, Duke of Ying, all served under their orders. He further instructed the two princes to report to the throne only on weighty military matters. He died in the third month of year thirty-one; his son Zhu Jixi, Prince Ding, succeeded him.

永樂初，帝以濟熹縱下，黜其長史龍潭。濟熹懼，欲上護衛。不許。弟平陽王濟熿，幼狠戾，失愛於父。及長，太祖召秦、晉、燕、週四世子及庶子之長者，教於京師。濟熿與燕王子高煦、周王子有□動邪詭相比，不為太祖所愛。濟熹既嗣王，成祖封濟熿平陽王。濟熿追憾父，並憾濟熹不為解，嗾其弟慶成王濟炫等日訴濟熹過於朝，又誘府中官校，文致其罪，歷年不已。十二年，帝奪濟熹爵，及世子美圭皆為庶人，俾守恭王園，而立濟熿為晉王。

Early in the Yongle reign the emperor, finding Jixi indulgent toward his staff, dismissed his chief steward Long Tan. Jixi grew fearful and offered to turn his guard regiments over to the court. The request was refused. His younger brother Zhu Jihuang, Prince of Pingyang, had been fierce and unruly since boyhood and had lost his father's favor. When he came of age, Taizu summoned the heir apparents of Qin, Jin, Yan, and Zhou, together with the eldest sons among the lesser princes, to be educated at the capital. Jihuang kept company with Zhu Gaoxu of Yan and Zhu You□ of Zhou in roguery and deceit, and won no affection from Taizu. Once Jixi had succeeded to the princedom, the Yongle Emperor enfeoffed Jihuang as Prince of Pingyang. Jihuang brooded over his father's disfavor and blamed Jixi for not interceding; he urged his younger brothers, including Zhu Jixuan, Prince of Qingcheng, to denounce Jixi at court day after day, and suborned officers of the princely household to frame charges against him, year on year without end. In year twelve the emperor deprived Jixi of his title; Jixi and his heir Zhu Meigui were reduced to commoners and set to guard Prince Gong's tomb park, while Jihuang was raised up as Prince of Jin.

濟熿既立，益橫暴，至進毒弒嫡母謝氏，逼烝恭王侍兒吉祥，幽濟熹父子，蔬食不給。父兄故侍從宮人多為所害，莫敢言。恭王宮中老媼走訴成祖，乃即獄中召晉府故承奉左微問之，盡得濟熿構濟熹狀。立命微馳召濟熹父子，濟熹幽空室已十年矣。左微者，故因濟熹牽連繫獄，或傳微死已久。及至，一府大驚。微入空室，釋濟熹父子，相抱持大慟。時帝北征，駐驛沙城，濟□喜父子謁行在所。帝見濟熹病，惻然，封美圭平陽王，使奉父居平陽，予以恭王故連伯灘田。會帝崩，濟熿遂不與美圭田。仁宗連以書諭，卒不聽。又聞朝廷賜濟熹王者冠服及他賚予，益怨望。成祖、仁宗之崩，不為服，使寺人代臨，幕中廣致妖巫為詛咒不輟。

Once enthroned in the princedom, Jihuang grew still more brutal: he poisoned his stepmother Lady Xie, violated Prince Gong's attendant Ji'xiang, and shut Jixi and his son in confinement on a meager vegetarian ration. Many of his father's and elder brother's former attendants and palace women fell victim to him, and none dared speak out. An old serving woman of Prince Gong's household escaped to inform the Yongle Emperor, who at once summoned from prison Zuo Wei, a former attendant of the Jin establishment, and learned the full story of Jihuang's plot against Jixi. He immediately ordered Wei to ride posthaste and summon Jixi and his son—Jixi had languished ten years in an empty cell. Zuo Wei had been imprisoned on Jixi's account, and rumor held that he had died long before. When he appeared, the whole princely household was thunderstruck. Wei entered the empty cell, freed Jixi and his son, and the three embraced and wailed together. The emperor was then on campaign in the north, halted at Shacheng; Zhu Ji□ and his son presented themselves at the traveling court. Seeing Jixi wasted by illness, the emperor was moved to pity; he enfeoffed Meigui as Prince of Pingyang to attend his father there and granted him the former Jin estates at Lianbotan. When the emperor died, Jihuang refused to hand over the allotted fields to Meigui. The Hongxi Emperor wrote again and again to admonish him, yet in the end he would not comply. Learning moreover that the court had granted Jixi princely regalia and other gifts, his resentment only deepened. At the deaths of Yongle and Hongxi he wore no mourning, sending eunuchs to stand in for him, while within his pavilion he constantly brought in sorcerers to work curses.

宣宗即位，濟熿密遣人結高煦謀不軌，寧化王濟煥告變。比擒高煦，又得濟熿交通書，帝未之問也，而濟熿所遣使高煦人懼罪及，走京師首實。內使劉信等數十人告濟熿擅取屯糧十萬餘石，欲應高煦，並發其宮中詛咒事。濟煥亦至是始知嫡母被弒，馳奏。遣人察實，召至京，示以諸所發奸逆狀，廢為庶人，幽鳳陽。同謀官屬及諸巫悉論死。時宣德二年四月也。

When the Xuande Emperor took the throne, Jihuang secretly sent agents to conspire with Zhu Gaoxu; Zhu Jihuan, Prince of Ninghua, reported the plot. When Gaoxu was taken, correspondence linking Jihuang to him was also found; the emperor had not yet moved against Jihuang, but the messenger Jihuang had sent to Gaoxu's camp, fearing guilt by association, fled to the capital and confessed everything. The eunuch Liu Xin and several dozen others reported that Jihuang had seized more than a hundred thousand shi of garrison grain to aid Gaoxu, and also exposed the curse rites within his palace. Only then did Jihuan learn that his stepmother had been murdered, and he rushed a memorial to the throne. The court sent investigators to verify the charges, summoned him to the capital, confronted him with every act of treachery that had come to light, stripped him to commoner rank, and immured him at Fengyang. His accomplices among the staff and all the sorcerers were condemned to death. This took place in the fourth month of Xuande 2.

晉國絕封凡八年，至英宗即位之二月，乃進封美圭為晉王，還居太原。正統六年薨。子莊王鐘鉉嗣，弘治十五年薨。世子奇源及其子表榮皆前卒，表榮子端王知烊嗣。知烊七歲而孤，能盡哀，居母喪嘔血，芝生寢宮。嘉靖十二年薨。無子，再從子簡王新□典嗣。新化王表槏、滎澤王表□者，端王諸父也。表槏先卒，子知□節嗣為新化王，亦前卒，二子新□典、新橋。端王請新□典嗣新化王，未封而端王薨，表□謀攝府事。端王妃王氏曰：「王無後，次及新化王，新化父子卒，有孫新□典在。」即召入府，拜几筵為喪主。表□忿曰：「我尊行，顧不得王。」上疏言：「新□典故新化王長子，不得為人後，新□典宜嗣新化王，新橋宜嗣晉王。」禮部議新□典宜嗣，是為簡王。新□典母太妃尚氏嚴，教子以禮。太妃疾，新□典叩頭露禱。長史有敷陳，輒拜受教。其老也，以弟鎮國將軍新橋子慎鏡攝籓事。萬歷三年薨，慎鏡亦卒。弟惠王慎鋷嗣，七年薨。子穆王敏淳嗣，三十八年薨，子求桂嗣。李自成陷山西，求桂與秦王存樞並為賊所執，入北京，不知所終。

The Jin princedom lay vacant eight years in all; in the second month after the Yingzong Emperor's accession, Meigui was restored as Prince of Jin and returned to Taiyuan. He died in Zhengtong 6. His son Zhu Zhongxuan, Prince Zhuang, succeeded him and died in Hongzhi 15. The heir apparent Qiyuan and his son Biaorong had both died earlier; Biaorong's son Zhu Zhiyang, Prince Duan, succeeded. Zhiyang lost his father at seven, yet mourned with full devotion; during his mother's funeral he vomited blood, and lingzhi fungus sprang up in his sleeping quarters. He died in Jiajing 12. He left no son; a great-grandnephew, Zhu Xin□dian, Prince Jian, succeeded him. Zhu Biaoqiao, Prince of Xinhua, and Zhu Biao□, Prince of Rongze, were Prince Duan's uncles. Biaoqiao died first; his son Zhu Zhi□jie succeeded as Prince of Xinhua but also predeceased him, leaving two sons, Xin□dian and Xinqiao. Prince Duan petitioned that Xin□dian succeed as Prince of Xinhua; before the patent was issued Prince Duan died, and Biao□ schemed to seize control of the princely establishment. Prince Duan's consort, Lady Wang, said: "The prince has no heir; succession passes next to the Prince of Xinhua; both father and son of that line are dead, but a grandson, Xin□dian, remains. She summoned him into the palace at once, and he bowed before the spirit tablet as chief mourner. Biao□ protested in anger: "I am the senior line—am I to be passed over for the title? He memorialized the throne: "Xin□dian, as eldest son of the late Prince of Xinhua, cannot be adopted as another man's heir; Xin□dian should succeed Xinhua, and Xinqiao should succeed Jin." The Ministry of Rites ruled that Xin□dian should succeed, and he became Prince Jian. Xin□dian's mother, Grand Consort Lady Shang, was severe and reared her son in ritual propriety. When the Grand Consort fell ill, Xin□dian prayed bareheaded in the open air, knocking his forehead to the ground. Whenever his chief steward offered counsel, he bowed and accepted the lesson. In his later years he had his younger brother's son Zhu Shenjing, Defender-General of the State and son of Xinqiao, administer the fief in his stead. He died in Wanli 3; Shenjing died as well. His younger brother Zhu Shenchou, Prince Hui, succeeded him and died in year seven. His son Zhu Minchun, Prince Mu, succeeded; he died in year thirty-eight, and his son Qiugui succeeded him. When Li Zicheng overran Shanxi, Qiugui and Zhu Cunshu of Qin were both seized by the rebels and carried to Beijing; their ultimate fate is unknown.

西河王奇溯，定王曾孫。三歲而孤。問父所在，即慟哭。長，刻栴檀為父順簡王像，祀之。母病渴，中夜稽顙禱天，俄有甘泉自地湧出。母飲泉，病良已。及卒，哀毀骨立。子表相嗣，亦以仁孝聞，與寧河王表楠、河東嗣王奇淮並為人所稱。

Zhu Qisuo, Prince of Xihe, was a great-grandson of Prince Ding. He lost his father at the age of three. Whenever he asked where his father was, he would burst into tears. When he grew up, he carved a sandalwood image of his father, Prince Jian of Shun, and made offerings to it. When his mother was parched with thirst, he prayed at midnight, knocking his forehead to the earth, and presently a sweet spring welled up from the ground. His mother drank from the spring and was fully restored to health. At her death his mourning left him wasted to the bone. His son Biaoxiang succeeded him, likewise famed for benevolence and filial devotion; he, Zhu Biaonan of Ninghe, and Zhu Qihuai, heir to the Prince of Hedong, were all widely praised.

新堞，恭王七世孫，家汾州。崇禎十四年由宗貢生為中部知縣。有事他邑，土寇乘間陷其城，坐免官。已而復任。署事者聞賊且至，亟欲解印去，新堞毅然曰：「此我致命之秋也。」即受之。得賊所傳偽檄，怒而碎之，議拒守。邑新遭寇，無應者，乃屬父老速去，而己誓必死。妻盧氏，妾薛氏、馮氏，請先死。許之。有女數歲，拊其背而勉之縊。左右皆泣下。乃書表封印，使人馳送京師，冠帶望闕拜，又望拜其母，遂自經。士民葬之社壇側，以妻女祔。先是，土寇薄城，縣丞光先與戰不勝，自焚死。新堞哭之慟，為之誄曰：「殺身成仁，雖死猶生。」至是，新堞亦死難。

Xinlie, a seventh-generation descendant of Prince Gong, made his home at Fenzhou. In Chongzhen 14 he passed the metropolitan examination through the imperial-clan quota and was appointed magistrate of Zhongbu County. While away on official business, local bandits seized the chance to overrun the county seat, and he was dismissed from office. He was later reappointed to the post. The acting magistrate heard the rebels were near and was eager to hand over the seal and flee; Xinlie said firmly: "This is the hour in which I must lay down my life. He took the seal at once. When he received the rebels' forged summons, he tore it to shreds in anger and resolved to hold the city. The county had just been ravaged by bandits and none would answer his call; he urged the elders to flee at once while he himself swore to die. His wife Lady Lu and his concubines Lady Xue and Lady Feng asked to die before him. He consented. He had a daughter of several years; stroking her back, he urged her to hang herself. All who were present wept. He wrote a memorial, sealed it, and sent a rider posthaste to the capital; then, in full cap and robes, he bowed toward the palace gate, bowed again toward his mother's direction, and hanged himself. The local gentry and commoners buried him beside the altar of the soil god, with his wife and daughter laid to rest beside him. Earlier, when bandits threatened the walls, the assistant magistrate Guangxian fought them without success and burned himself to death. Xinlie mourned him bitterly and wrote an elegy: "He gave his life for humaneness—though dead, he lives on. Now Xinlie, too, died a martyr's death.

周定王橚，太祖第五子。洪武三年封吳王。七年，有司請置護衛於杭州。帝曰：「錢塘財賦地，不可。」十一年改封周王，命與燕、楚、齊三王駐鳳陽。十四年就籓開封，即宋故宮地為府。二十二年，橚棄其國來鳳陽。帝怒，將徙之雲南，尋止，使居京師，世子有燉理籓事。二十四年十二月敕歸籓。建文初，以橚燕王母弟，頗疑憚之。橚亦時有異謀，長史王翰數諫不納，佯狂去。 □肅次子汝南王有□動告變。帝使李景隆備邊，道出汴，猝圍王宮，執橚，竄蒙化，諸子並別徙。已，復召還京，錮之。成祖入南京，復爵，加祿五千石。永樂元年正月詔歸其舊封，獻頌九章及佾舞。明年來朝，獻騶虞。帝悅，宴賜甚厚。以汴梁有河患，將改封洛陽。橚言汴堤固，無重勞民力。乃止。十四年疏辭所賜在城稅課。十八年十月有告橚反者。帝察之有驗。明年二月召至京，示以所告詞。橚頓首謝死罪。帝憐之，不復問。橚歸國，獻還三護衛。仁宗即位，加歲祿至二萬石。橚好學，能詞賦，嘗作《元宮詞》百章。以國土夷曠，庶草蕃廡，考核其可佐饑饉者四百餘種，繪圖疏之，名《救荒本草》。辟東書堂以教世子，長史劉淳為之師。洪熙元年薨。

Zhu Su, Prince Ding of Zhou, was the Hongwu Emperor's fifth son. In Hongwu 3 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Wu. In year seven the responsible offices petitioned to station a guard detachment at Hangzhou. The emperor said: "Qiantang is the empire's revenue heartland—that will not do. In year eleven he was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Zhou and ordered to take up residence at Fengyang alongside the princes of Yan, Chu, and Qi. In year fourteen he entered his fief at Kaifeng and established his government on the ground of the former Song palace. In year twenty-two Zhu Su left his fief and returned to Fengyang. The emperor was furious and was about to banish him to Yunnan, but soon relented, kept him in the capital, and had the heir Zhu Youdun administer the fief. In the twelfth month of year twenty-four he was commanded to return to his fief. Early in the Jianwen reign, because Zhu Su was uterine brother to the Prince of Yan, the court viewed him with deep suspicion and dread. Zhu Su too nursed occasional disloyal schemes; his chief steward Wang Han remonstrated again and again without being heeded and finally feigned madness and departed. □Su's second son, the Prince of Runan Zhu You□, set in motion a denunciation of rebellion. The emperor dispatched Li Jinglong to secure the border; passing Bian on the way, he suddenly besieged the princely palace, seized Zhu Su—who fled to Menghua—and sent all his sons into separate exile. Soon afterward he was recalled to the capital again and placed under confinement. After the Yongle Emperor entered Nanjing, Zhu Su's title was restored and his grain stipend was raised by five thousand shi. In the first month of Yongle 1 he was ordered back to his old fief and presented nine laudatory odes together with court ceremonial dance. The following year he attended court and offered a zouyu. The emperor was delighted and entertained and rewarded him with exceptional generosity. Because Bianliang was afflicted by flooding, the court planned to transfer his fief to Luoyang. Zhu Su argued that the Bian dikes were secure and that the people should not be put to great trouble again. The plan was abandoned. In year fourteen he submitted a memorial declining the urban tax franchises he had been granted. In the tenth month of year eighteen a report accused Zhu Su of rebellion. The emperor looked into the matter and found it substantiated. In the second month of the following year he was summoned to the capital and confronted with the denunciation. Zhu Su prostrated himself and pleaded guilty of a capital offense. The emperor took pity on him and let the affair drop. Zhu Su returned to his fief and handed back his three guard detachments. When the Renzong Emperor came to the throne, his yearly stipend was increased to twenty thousand shi. Zhu Su was devoted to learning and skilled in regulated verse; he once composed one hundred chapters of Yuan Palace Lyrics. As his domain was wide and flat and wild plants grew in profusion, he catalogued more than four hundred species useful against famine, illustrated them in a memorial, and entitled the work Famine-Relief Materia Medica. He founded the Eastern Study Hall to educate the heir apparent, appointing Chief Steward Liu Chun as instructor. He died in Hongxi 1.

弟簡王有爝嗣，景泰三年薨。子靖王子垕嗣，七年薨。弟懿王子驩嗣，成化二十一年薨。子惠王同鑣嗣，弘治十一年薨。世子安水橫未襲封而卒，孫恭王睦□審嗣，謚安水橫悼王。

He was succeeded by his younger brother Zhu Youjiao, Prince Jian, who died in Jingtai 3. His son Zhu Ziheng, Prince Jing, succeeded and died in year seven. He was succeeded by his younger brother Zhu Zihuan, Prince Yi, who died in Chenghua 21. His son Zhu Tongbiao, Prince Hui, succeeded and died in Hongzhi 11. The heir An Shuiheng died before taking the fief; his grandson Zhu Mu□shen, Prince Gong, succeeded, and An Shuiheng was given the posthumous title Prince Dao.

初，安水橫為世子，與弟平樂王安泛、義寧王安水矣爭漁利，置囹圄刑具，集亡賴為私人。惠王戒安水橫，不從，王怒。安泛因而傾之，安水橫亦持安泛不法事。惠王薨，群小交構，安水橫奏安泛私壞社稷壇，營私第，安泛亦誣奏安水橫諸陰事。下鎮、巡官按驗。頃之，安水橫死，其子睦□審立而幼。安泛侵陵世子妃，安涘亦訐妃出不正，其子不可嗣。十三年，帝命太監魏忠、刑部侍郎何鑒按治。安泛懼，益誣世子毒殺惠王並世子妃淫亂，所連逮千人。鑒等奏其妄，廢安泛為庶人，幽鳳陽，安涘亦革爵。

At first, while An Shuiheng was heir apparent, he and his younger brothers Zhu Anfan, Prince of Pingle, and Zhu An Shuiyi, Prince of Yining, fought over fishing rights, established dungeons and penal gear, and recruited ruffians as personal followers. Prince Hui warned An Shuiheng, but he refused to listen, and the prince grew furious. Anfan in turn worked to destroy him, while An Shuiheng also gathered proof of Anfan's illegal acts. After Prince Hui's death, schemers played them against one another: An Shuiheng accused Anfan of privately damaging the state altar and building a private mansion, while Anfan in turn slandered An Shuiheng with hidden crimes. The case was referred to garrison and circuit investigators for examination. Soon afterward An Shuiheng died, leaving his son Zhu Mu□shen as heir while still a minor. Anfan harassed the heir's consort, while An Si also charged that the consort's origins were illegitimate and that her son was unfit to inherit. In year thirteen the emperor appointed the eunuch Wei Zhong and Vice Minister of Justice He Jian to conduct a full inquiry. Terrified, Anfan escalated his charges, falsely claiming the heir had poisoned Prince Hui and that the consort had committed debauchery, implicating over a thousand people. He Jian and his colleagues reported the accusations groundless; Anfan was reduced to commoner status and confined at Fengyang, and An Si was also deprived of his title.

嘉靖十七年，睦□審薨。子勤熄先卒，孫莊王朝堈嗣，三十年薨。子敬王在鋌嗣，萬歷十年薨。子端王肅溱嗣，薨。子恭枵嗣。崇禎十四年冬，李自成攻開封，恭枵出庫金五十萬，餉守陴者，懸賞格，殪一賊予五十金。賊穴城，守者投以火，賊被爇死，不可勝計，乃解圍去。明年正月，帝下詔褒獎，且加勞曰：「此高皇帝神靈憫宗室子孫維城莫固，啟王心而降之福也。」其年四月，自成再圍汴，築長圍，城中樵采路絕。九月，賊決河灌城，城圮，恭枵從後山登城樓，率宮妃及寧鄉、安鄉、永壽、仁和諸王露棲雨中數日。援軍駐河北，以舟來迎，始獲免。事聞，賜書慰勞，並賜帑金文綺，命寄居彰德。汴城之陷也，死者數十萬，諸宗皆沒，府中分器寶藏書盡淪於巨浸。逾年，乃從水中得所奉高帝、高後金容，迎至彰德奉焉。久之，王薨，贈謚未行，國亡。其孫南走，死於廣州。

Zhu Mu□shen died in Jiajing 17. His son Qinxie had predeceased him; the grandson Zhu Chaogang, Prince Zhuang, succeeded and died in year thirty. His son Zhu Zaijin, Prince Jing, succeeded and died in Wanli 10. His son Zhu Suqin, Prince Duan, succeeded and died. His son Zhu Zongxiao, Prince Gong, succeeded. In the winter of Chongzhen 14 Li Zicheng besieged Kaifeng; Zhu Zongxiao drew five hundred thousand taels from the treasury to pay the defenders on the walls, posted a bounty schedule, and promised fifty taels of gold for every rebel slain. The rebels mined the walls; the defenders dropped fire into the tunnels, burning countless rebels alive, and the besiegers finally lifted the siege and withdrew. In the first month of the following year the emperor issued a commendatory edict, adding: "The founding emperor's spirit has pitied his clan because the royal bulwark was weak, moved the prince's heart, and sent down this blessing." That same year, in the fourth month, Zicheng again besieged Bian, threw up a long blockade, and cut off every path by which the city could gather fuel. In the ninth month the rebels broke the river banks to inundate the city; as the walls gave way, Zhu Zongxiao climbed a tower on the rear hill and led palace ladies and the princes of Ningxiang, Anxiang, Yongshou, Renhe, and the rest to shelter unsheltered in the rain for days. Relief forces camped on the north bank of the river and sent boats to fetch him; only then was he saved. When word reached the throne, the emperor sent a letter of comfort and reward, together with treasury gold and brocade, and ordered him to reside temporarily at Zhangde. In the fall of Kaifeng hundreds of thousands perished; the entire clan within the walls was wiped out, and the fief's ritual vessels, treasures, and books were all swallowed by the flood. After more than a year the gilded portraits of the founding emperor and Empress Gao were recovered from the waters and brought to Zhangde for veneration. In time the prince died before posthumous titles could be granted, and the fief was extinguished. His grandson fled southward and died at Guangzhou.

鎮平王有爌，定王第八子。嗜學，工詩，作《道統論》數萬言。又采歷代公族賢者，自夏五子迄元太子真金百餘人，作《賢王傳》若干卷。

Zhu Youhuang, Prince of Zhenping, was the eighth son of Prince Ding. He loved learning and excelled at verse, composing the Discourse on the Moral Way in tens of thousands of words. He also gathered worthy princes and nobles from successive dynasties, from the Five Sons of Xia down to the Yuan crown prince Jingjin—more than a hundred in all—and compiled Biographies of Worthy Princes in several volumes.

博平王安水戍，惠王第十三子。惠王有子二十五人，而安水戍獨賢，嘗輯《貽後錄》、《養正錄》諸書。勤於治生，田園僮奴車馬甚具。賓客造門，傾己納之。其時稱名德者，必曰博平。

Zhu An Shuiyu, Prince of Boping, was Prince Hui's thirteenth son. Though Prince Hui had twenty-five sons, An Shuiyu alone was regarded as virtuous; he compiled such works as Records for Posterity and Records of Nurturing Rectitude. He worked hard at household economy and kept fields, gardens, servants, horses, and carriages in ample supply. When guests arrived he gave them his full hospitality. In those days, whenever men praised moral renown, they pointed to Boping.

南陵王睦柍，悼王第九子，敏達有識。嘉靖四十一年，御史林潤言：「天下財賦，歲供京師米四百萬石，而各籓祿歲至八百五十三萬石。山西、河南存留米二百三十六萬三千石，而宗室祿米五百四萬石。即無災傷蠲免，歲輸亦不足供祿米之半。年復一年，愈加蕃衍，勢窮弊極，將何以支！」事下諸王議。明年，睦柍條上七議：請立宗學以崇德教，設科選以勵人才，嚴保勘以杜冒濫，革冗職以除素餐，戒奔競以息饕貪，制拜掃以廣孝思，立憂制以省祿費。詔下廷臣參酌之。其後諸籓遂稍稍陳說利弊，尚書李春芳集而上焉。及頒《宗籓條例》，多采睦柍議云。

Zhu Muzhao, Prince of Nanling, ninth son of Prince Dao, was quick-minded and discerning. In Jiajing 41 Censor Lin Run memorialized: "The empire's tax grain sent yearly to the capital amounts to four million shi, while stipends to the various fiefs total eight million five hundred thirty thousand shi a year. The retained grain of Shanxi and Henan came to two million three hundred sixty-three thousand shi, yet stipend grain for the imperial clan alone was five million four hundred thousand shi. Even if no calamity struck and no exemptions were granted, annual deliveries would still fall short of half the stipend grain required. Year by year the clan multiplies; when means are spent and abuses reach their limit, what will support it!" The memorial was referred to the princes for deliberation. The following year Muzhao submitted seven detailed proposals: establish clan schools to elevate moral instruction; hold examinations to encourage talent; tighten genealogical checks to block impostors; cut redundant posts to rid the rolls of sinecures; restrain frantic ambition to curb gluttonous greed; regulate grave visits to deepen filial duty; and institute mourning rules to reduce stipend costs. An edict directed the court ministers to weigh the proposals. Afterward the various fiefs one by one aired the pros and cons, and Minister Li Chunfang gathered their views and submitted them. When the Regulations for the Imperial Clan was issued, most of its provisions drew on Muzhao's recommendations.

鎮國中尉睦□挈，字灌甫，鎮平王諸孫。父奉國將軍安河以孝行聞於朝，璽書旌賚。既沒，周王及宗室數百人請建祠。詔賜祠額曰「崇孝」。睦□挈幼端穎，郡人李夢陽奇之。及長，被服儒素，覃精經學，從河、洛間宿儒游。年二十通《五經》，尤邃於《易》、《春秋》。謂本朝經學一稟宋儒，古人經解殘闕放失，乃訪求海內通儒，繕寫藏棄，若李鼎詐《易解》、張洽《春秋傳》，皆敘而傳之。呂柟嘗與論《易》，歎服而去。益訪購古書圖籍，得江都葛氏、章丘李氏書萬卷，丹鉛歷然，論者以方漢之劉向。築室東坡，延招學者，通懷好士，而內行修潔。事親晨昏不離側，喪三年居外捨。有弟五人，親為教督，盡推遺產與之。萬歷五年舉文行卓異，為周籓宗正，領宗學。約宗生以三、六、九日午前講《易》、《詩》、《書》，午後講《春秋》、《禮記》，雖盛寒暑不輟。所撰有《五經稽疑》六卷，《授經圖傳》四卷，《韻譜》五卷，又作《明帝世表》、《周國世系表》、《建文遜國褒忠錄》、《河南通志》、《開封郡志》諸書。巡撫御史褚鈇議稍減郡王以下歲祿，均給貧宗，帝遣給事中萬象春就周王議。新會王睦□號於眾曰：「裁祿之謀起於睦□挈。」聚宗室千餘人擊之，裂其衣冠，上書抗詔。帝怒，廢睦□為庶人。睦□挈屢疏引疾乞休，詔勉起之。又三年卒，年七十。宗人頌功德者五百人，詔賜輔國將軍，禮葬之，異數也。學者稱為西亭先生。

Zhu Mu□qie, State Pacification Commandant, whose style was Guanfu, was a grandson of the Prince of Zhenping. His father Zhu Anhe, State Supporting General, was famed at court for filial piety and received an imperial commendation with gifts. After he died, the Prince of Zhou and several hundred kinsmen petitioned for a shrine in his honor. The throne granted the plaque Revering Filial Piety for the shrine. As a boy Mu□qie was precocious and keen; the county scholar Li Mengyang took him for a wonder. Grown to manhood, he wore the plain dress of a scholar, mastered the classics, and studied with eminent Confucians along the Yellow and Luo rivers. By twenty he had mastered the Five Classics and was especially profound in the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Annals. He held that Ming classical studies merely followed the Song school, while older commentaries lay broken and scattered; he therefore searched the empire for master scholars, copied and preserved neglected works—among them Li Dingzha's Explanation of the Changes and Zhang Qia's Transmission of the Spring and Autumn—and wrote prefaces to circulate them. Lu Nan once disputed the Book of Changes with him, marveled, and withdrew. He went on buying up antiquarian books and charts, acquiring ten thousand volumes from the Ge of Jiangdu and the Li of Zhangqiu; his annotations were meticulous, and critics likened him to Han dynasty's Liu Xiang. He built a hall on the Eastern Slope, gathered scholars about him, was open-handed and hospitable to men of talent, and kept his household conduct scrupulously upright. He attended his parents from dawn to dusk without leaving them; in mourning he lived three years in an outer chamber. He had five younger brothers whom he personally instructed, and he gave them his entire inheritance. In Wanli 5 he was recommended for exceptional learning and conduct, made clan administrator of the Zhou fief, and placed in charge of the clan school. He scheduled lectures for kinsmen on the third, sixth, and ninth of each month: the Changes, Odes, and Documents before noon, the Spring and Autumn Annals and Record of Rites after—never suspended, even in bitter cold or fierce heat. He wrote Six Questions on the Five Classics in six juan, Transmission of the Classics Illustrated in four juan, and Rhyme Tables in five juan, and also compiled Tables of Ming Emperors, Genealogy of the Zhou State, Record of Loyalists in the Jianwen Abdication, Gazetteer of Henan, Gazetteer of Kaifeng Prefecture, and other works. Censor Chu Tie of the provincial administration proposed trimming stipends for princes below commandery rank and redistributing the savings to impoverished clansmen; the emperor sent Supervising Secretary Wan Xiangchun to discuss the plan with the Prince of Zhou. Zhu Mu□hao, Prince of Xinhui, shouted before the assembly: "The plot to slash our stipends began with Mu□qie." Over a thousand kinsmen assembled, assaulted him, rent his robes and cap, and submitted a memorial defying the edict. The emperor was enraged and reduced Zhu Mu□ to commoner status. Zhu Mu □qie repeatedly memorialized on grounds of illness asking to resign, but edicts pressed him to return to office. Three years later he died, at the age of seventy. Five hundred kinsmen acclaimed his virtues; the throne conferred on him the title Auxiliary State General and an exceptional ceremonial burial. Scholars styled him Master Xiting.

時有將軍安水侃者，一歲喪母，事其父以孝聞。父病革，刲臂為湯飲父，父良已。年七十，追念母不逮養，服衰廬墓三年，詔旌其門。素精名理，聲譽大著，人稱睦□挈為「大山」，安水侃為「小山」云。

About that time there was a general named An Shuikan who had lost his mother at the age of one and became renowned for filial devotion to his father. When his father fell mortally ill, he sliced his own arm to brew medicine for him, and his father recovered. At seventy, lamenting that he had never been able to nurse his mother, he wore mourning and dwelt in a hut beside her tomb for three years; the court commended his household with an imperial testimonial. Long versed in philosophical learning, he enjoyed wide renown; men dubbed Zhu Mu□qie the "Great Mountain" and An Shuikan the "Little Mountain."

又勤熨者，鎮國中尉也，嘉靖中，上書曰：「陛下躬上聖之資，不法古帝王兢業萬歲，擇政任人，乃溺意長生，屢修齋醮，興作頻仍。數年來朝儀久曠，委任非人，遂至賄賂公行，刑罰倒置，奔競成風，公私殫竭，脫有意外變，臣不知所終。」帝覽疏怒，坐誹謗，降庶人，幽鳳陽。子朝已賜名，以罪人子無敢為請封者，上書請釋父罪，且陳中興四事，詔並禁錮。穆宗登極，釋歸，命有司存恤。楚昭王楨，太祖第六子。始生時，平武昌報適至，太祖喜曰：「子長，以楚封之。」洪武三年封楚王。十四年就籓武昌。嘗錄《御注洪範》及《大寶箴》置座右。十八年四月，銅鼓、思州諸蠻亂，命楨與信國公湯和、江夏侯周德興帥師往討。和等分屯諸洞，立柵與蠻人雜耕作。久之，擒其渠魁，餘黨悉潰。三十年，古州蠻叛，帝命楨帥師，湘王柏為副，往征。楨請餉三十萬，又不親蒞軍。帝詰責之，命城銅鼓衛而還。是年，熒惑入太微，詔諭楨戒慎，楨書十事以自警。未幾，楨子巴陵王卒，帝復與敕曰：「舊歲熒惑入太微，太微天庭，居翼軫，楚分也。五星無故入，災必甚焉。爾子疾逝，恐災不止此，尚省慎以回天意。」至冬，王妃薨。時初設宗人府，以楨為右宗人。永樂初，進宗正。二十二年薨。

There was also Qin Yun, a lieutenant of the Pacification State rank, who during Jiajing submitted a memorial: "Your Majesty possesses the gifts of a sage on high, yet unlike the ancient monarchs who toiled in diligence for the throne's ten thousand years, choosing policies and appointing worthy men, you have set your heart on immortality, held repeated fasting rites, and launched one construction project after another. For years court ceremony has lain in neglect and unworthy men hold power, until bribery walks openly in the streets, punishments are meted out upside down, office-seeking has become the prevailing wind, and both state and household stand drained. Should any unforeseen calamity strike, your servant cannot see how this will end. The emperor read the memorial in a fury, convicted him of slander, reduced him to commoner status, and confined him at Fengyang. His son Chao had already received a personal name, but as the son of a convicted man none dared seek a fief for him; Chao memorialized asking pardon for his father and laid out four proposals for restoring the dynasty—whereupon edicts placed both father and son under confinement. When Muzong took the throne, father and son were released and the responsible authorities were ordered to look after them. Zhu Zhen, Prince Zhao of Chu, was the sixth son of the founding emperor. He was born just as news arrived that Wuchang had been pacified; the founding emperor rejoiced and said, "When my son comes of age, I shall enfeoff him in Chu. In Hongwu 3 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Chu. In year fourteen he went to his fief at Wuchang. He copied the Imperially Annotated Great Plan and the Admonition of the Great Treasure and kept them at his desk. In the fourth month of year eighteen the peoples of Tonggu, Sizhou, and neighboring districts rose in revolt; the emperor ordered Zhu Zhen, together with Duke Tang He of Xin and Marquis Zhou Dexing of Jiangxia, to lead an expedition against them. Tang He and the others garrisoned the mountain passes, threw up stockades, and farmed alongside the tribal peoples. In time they seized the rebel chiefs and the rest of the host scattered. In year thirty the peoples of Guzhou revolted; the emperor ordered Zhu Zhen to take command with the Prince of Xiang, Zhu Bo, as his second, and march against them. Zhu Zhen demanded three hundred thousand piculs in supplies and again failed to appear in person at the front. The emperor sternly rebuked him, ordered the fortification of Tonggu Guard, and sent him home. That year Mars entered the Taiwei constellation; an edict urged Zhu Zhen to be on his guard, and he wrote down ten cautions for himself. Before long Zhu Zhen's son, the Prince of Baling, died; the emperor sent another edict: "Last year Mars entered Taiwei—that constellation is the celestial court, positioned in the Wings and Chariot station, which falls in the quarter allotted to Chu. When any of the five planets enter it without cause, calamity is sure to be grave. Your son has died young; I fear the omen may not end here—be ever watchful and restrained, that you may turn Heaven's mind. By winter the consort had died. When the Clan Princes' Court was first established, Zhu Zhen was appointed its right administrator. At the start of the Yongle reign he was promoted to chief clan administrator. He died in the twenty-second year of his reign.

子憲王季堄嗣。事母鄧妃至孝。英宗賜書獎諭。著《東平河間圖贊》，為士林所誦。八年薨。弟康王季埱嗣。天順六年薨。再從子靖王均□嗣，正德五年薨。子端王榮水戒嗣，以仁孝著稱，武宗表曰「彰孝之坊」。嘉靖十三年薨。子愍王顯榕嗣，居喪哀痛，遇慶禮卻賀。端王婿儀賓沈寶與顯榕有隙，使人誣奏顯榕左右呼顯榕萬歲，且誘顯榕設水戲以習水軍。世宗下其章，撫臣具言顯榕居喪能守禮。寶坐誣，削為民。

His son Zhu Ji Ren, Prince Xian, succeeded him. He served his mother, Lady Deng, with exceptional filial devotion. Emperor Yingzong sent him a letter of praise and encouragement. He authored Illustrations and Encomia of Dongping and Hejian, widely read in scholarly circles. He died in the eighth year of his reign. His younger brother Zhu Ji Yang, Prince Kang, succeeded. He died in the sixth year of the Tianshun reign. A great-grandnephew, Zhu Jun□, Prince Jing, succeeded and died in Zhengde 5. His son Zhu Rong Shuijie, Prince Duan, succeeded and was renowned for benevolence and filial piety; Emperor Wuzong honored his gate with the plaque "Beacon of Filial Devotion." He died in Jiajing 13. His son Zhu Xian Rong, Prince Min, succeeded; in mourning he was consumed by grief, and when festivities arose he refused all congratulations. Shen Bao, ceremonial companion married to the Prince of Duan's daughter, bore a grudge against Zhu Xian Rong; he had agents submit a false charge that Xian Rong's attendants hailed him as "ten thousand years," and lured the prince into staging aquatic games as naval drill. Emperor Shizong referred the memorial to the provincial administration, which reported in detail that Zhu Xian Rong had scrupulously observed mourning rites. Shen Bao was found guilty of slander and stripped to commoner status.

子華奎幼，萬歷八年，始嗣爵。衛官王守仁上告曰：「遠祖定遠侯弼，楚王楨妃父也，遺瑰寶數十萬寄楚帑，為嗣王侵匿。」詔遣中官清核。華奎奏辨，且請避宮搜掘。皆不報。久之，系鞫王府承奉等，無所得。時諸璫方以搜括希上意，不欲暴守仁罪。帝頗悟，罷其事。華奎乃奏上二萬金助三殿工。

His son Hua Kui was still a child; he did not inherit until Wanli 8. A guard officer named Wang Shouren petitioned: "Our distant forebear Bi, Marquis of Dingyuan—father to a consort of Prince Chu Zhu Zhen—left treasures worth hundreds of thousands deposited in the Chu treasury, which successive princes have embezzled. The throne dispatched palace eunuchs to conduct an audit. Hua Kui memorialized in his own defense and even offered to vacate the palace so it could be searched and dug over. The court made no reply. Eventually the prince's palace staff were arrested and interrogated, but nothing was found. The eunuchs were then gratifying the emperor with confiscatory searches and were loath to expose Wang Shouren's fabrications. The emperor saw through the affair and dropped it. Hua Kui then submitted twenty thousand taels of gold toward construction of the Three Halls.

三十一年，楚宗人華□等言：「華奎與弟宣化王華壁皆非恭王子。華奎乃恭王妃兄王如言子，抱養宮中。華壁則王如綍家人王玉子也。華□妻，即如言女，知之悉。」禮部侍郎郭正域請行勘。大學士沈一貫右華奎，委撫按訊，皆言偽王事無左驗。而華□妻持其說甚堅，不能決，廷議令覆勘。中旨以楚王襲封已二十餘年，宜治華□等誣罔。御史錢夢皋為一貫劾正域，正域發華奎行賄一貫事。華奎遂訟言正域主使，正域罷去。東安王英燧、武岡王華增、江夏王華□等皆言偽跡昭著，行賄有據。諸宗人赴都投揭。奉旨切責，罰祿、削爵有差。華□坐誣告，降庶人，錮鳳陽。未幾，華奎輸賄入都，宗人遮奪之。巡撫趙可懷屬有司捕治。宗人蘊□等方恨可懷治楚獄不平，遂大哄，毆可懷死。巡按吳楷以楚叛告。一貫擬發兵會剿。命未下，諸宗人悉就縛。於是斬二人，勒四人自盡，錮高牆及禁閒宅者復四十五人。三十三年四月也。自是無敢言楚事者。久之，禁錮諸人以恩詔得釋，而華奎之真偽竟不白。

In year thirty-one certain Chu kinsmen led by Zhu Hua□ declared: "Hua Kui and his younger brother Hua Bi, Prince of Xuanhua, are not sons of Prince Gong. Hua Kui is the son of Wang Ruyan, elder brother of Prince Gong's consort, and was secretly reared in the palace. Hua Bi is the son of Wang Yu, a servant in Wang Ruzhi's household. Zhu Hua□'s wife is Wang Ruyan's daughter and knows the whole story. Guo Zhengyu, vice minister of rites, urged a formal investigation. Grand Secretary Shen Yiguan backed Hua Kui and referred the case to the provincial governor and touring censor, who all reported that there was no corroborating evidence of a pretender. Yet Zhu Hua□'s wife stuck stubbornly to her accusation, and with no resolution in sight the court ordered a fresh inquiry. A secret edict ruled that the Prince of Chu had held the title for more than twenty years and that Zhu Hua□ and his fellows should be punished for malicious falsehood. Censor Qian Menghu, acting for Shen Yiguan, impeached Guo Zhengyu; Guo in turn exposed Hua Kui's bribes to Shen. Hua Kui counter-sued, charging that Guo Zhengyu had orchestrated the accusation, and Guo was dismissed. Ying Sui, Prince of Dong'an; Hua Zeng, Prince of Wugang; Zhu Hua□, Prince of Jiangxia; and others maintained that the imposture was obvious and the bribery well documented. Chu kinsmen traveled to the capital to file public petitions. By imperial order they were sharply reprimanded and penalized with varying fines and reduction of ranks. Zhu Hua□ was convicted of false accusation, reduced to commoner status, and confined at Fengyang. Before long Hua Kui sent bribes to the capital; clansmen waylaid the convoy and seized the goods. Provincial Governor Zhao Kehuai ordered the authorities to arrest and punish them. Kinsmen led by Zhu Yun□, still bitter that Zhao Kehuai had handled the Chu affair unfairly, raised a riot and beat the governor to death. Touring Censor Wu Kai memorialized that Chu had rebelled. Shen Yiguan drafted a plan to dispatch troops for a joint punitive campaign. Before the order could be issued, all the kinsmen were taken into custody. Two were beheaded, four compelled to take their own lives, and forty-five more were immured in the high-walled compound or confined to vacant dwellings. This took place in the fourth month of year thirty-three. From that day forward none dared speak of the Chu succession again. In time those who had been confined were released under an amnesty, yet whether Hua Kui was legitimate was never settled.

其後，張獻忠掠湖廣，華奎募卒自衛，以張其在為帥。獻忠兵至武昌，其在為內應，執華奎沉之江，諸宗無得免者。

Later, when Zhang Xianzhong ravaged Huguang, Hua Kui raised a guard force and installed Zhang Qizai as its commander. When Xianzhong's army reached Wuchang, Zhang acted as a fifth column, seized Hua Kui, and drowned him in the Yangzi; not one of the Chu princes escaped.

武岡王顯槐，端王第三子也。嘉靖四十三年上書條籓政，請「設宗學，擇立宗正、宗表，督課親郡王以下子弟。十歲入學，月餼米一石，三載督學使者考績，陟其中程式者全祿之，五試不中課則黜之，給以本祿三之二。其庶人暨妻女，月餼六石，庶女勿加恩。」其後廷臣集議，多采其意。

Zhu Xian Huai, Prince of Wugang, was the third son of Prince Duan. In Jiajing 43 he submitted a memorial outlining reforms to princely administration, proposing: "Establish a clan school, appoint a clan chief and registrar, and supervise the education of all princes and younger sons from commandery rank down. Enroll them at ten with a monthly ration of one shi of grain; after three years the education commissioner shall examine them—those who meet the standard receive full stipends; after five failures they shall be dismissed and granted two-thirds of their original allowance. Commoners and their wives and daughters shall receive six shi per month; no extra allowance shall be granted to daughters of degraded lines. When the court later convened to debate the matter, his proposals were largely adopted.

齊王榑，太祖第七子。洪武三年封。十五年就籓青州。二十三年命王帥護衛及山東徐、邳諸軍從燕王北征。二十四年復帥護衛騎士出開平。時已令穎國公傅友德調發山東都司各衛軍出塞，諭王遇敵當自為隊，奏凱之時勿與諸將爭功。榑數歷塞上，以武略自喜，然性凶暴，多行不法。建文初，有告變者。召至京，廢為庶人，與周王同禁錮。

Zhu Fu, Prince of Qi, was the founding emperor's seventh son. He was enfeoffed in Hongwu 3. In year fifteen he went to his fief at Qingzhou. In year twenty-three he was ordered to lead his guard and the Xuzhou and Pei forces of Shandong on the northern campaign under the Prince of Yan. In year twenty-four he again led his guard cavalry out through Kaiping Pass. Fu Youde, Duke of Ying, had already been ordered to mobilize the Shandong garrisons for service beyond the frontier; the prince was instructed that in battle he should keep to his own detachment and, when reporting victory, not contend with the field commanders for credit. Zhu Fu campaigned repeatedly on the northern frontier and prided himself on military prowess, yet he was violent by nature and habitually broke the law. Early in the Jianwen reign someone denounced him for plotting treason. Summoned to the capital, he was deposed to commoner status and confined together with the Prince of Zhou.

燕兵入金川門，急遣兵護二王。二王卒不知所以，大怖，伏地哭。已知之，乃大喜。成祖令王齊如故，榑益驕縱。帝與書召來朝，面諭王無忘患難時。 □尃不悛，陰畜刺客，招異人術士為咒詛，輒用護衛兵守青州城，並城築苑牆斷往來，守吏不得登城夜巡。李拱、曾名深等上急變，榑拘匿以滅口。永樂三年詔索拱，諭榑改過。是時，周王橚亦中浮言，上書謝罪，帝封其書示榑。明年五月來朝，廷臣劾榑罪。榑厲聲曰：「奸臣喋喋，又欲效建文時耶！會盡斬此輩。」帝聞之不懌，留之京邸。削官屬護衛，誅指揮柴直等，盡出榑系囚及所造不法器械。群臣請罪教授葉垣等，帝曰：「王性凶悖，朕溫詔開諭至六七，猶不悟，教授輩如王何！垣等先自歸發其事，可勿問。」榑既被留，益有怨言。是年八月，召其子至京師，並廢為庶人。

When the Yan army entered through Jinchuan Gate, the Yongle emperor urgently sent troops to protect the two deposed princes. The two princes knew nothing of what was happening, were terrified, and flung themselves to the ground weeping. When they learned the truth, they rejoiced greatly. Emperor Chengzu restored Zhu Fu's princely status, whereupon he grew more arrogant and unrestrained than ever. The emperor summoned him to court by letter and admonished him face to face never to forget the days of adversity. Zhu □bo refused to mend his ways; he secretly trained assassins, recruited sorcerers to cast curses, routinely deployed his guard to hold Qingzhou, and walled off the adjoining park to block all passage, so that municipal patrols could not even mount the walls by night. Li Gong, Zeng Mingshen, and others submitted urgent reports of treason; Zhu Fu seized and silenced them to cover his tracks. In the third year of Yongle an edict demanded that Li Gong be handed over and admonished Zhu Fu to mend his ways. At that time the Prince of Zhou, Zhu Su, had likewise been swayed by rumor and submitted a letter of repentance; the emperor had the letter sealed and shown to Zhu Fu. The following May he came to court, and the ministers impeached Zhu Fu on multiple counts. Zhu Fu shouted: "These treacherous ministers will not stop their clamor—do you mean to repeat the Jianwen years! When the time comes I shall behead the lot of you. The emperor took offense at what he heard and kept him at a capital residence. His staff and guard were stripped away; the guard commander Chai Zhi and others were executed, and all prisoners Zhu Fu had held and the illegal arms he had manufactured were brought forth. The ministers asked that his tutors Ye Yuan and others be punished; the emperor said: "The prince is violent and obstinate. I have sent him six or seven gentle admonitions, yet he will not mend his ways—what could his tutors have done with such a prince! Yuan and the others came forward of their own accord and exposed the plot; let them go unpunished. Once Zhu Fu was detained, his complaints grew all the more bitter. In the eighth month of that year the emperor summoned his sons to the capital and degraded them all to commoner status.

宣德三年，福建妄男子樓濂詭稱七府小齊王，謀不軌。事覺，械至京，誅其黨數百人。榑及三子皆暴卒，幼子賢赫安置廬州。景泰五年徙齊庶人、谷庶人置南京，敕守臣慎防。後谷庶人絕，齊庶人請得谷庶人第。嘉靖十三年釋高牆庶人長毚，榑曾孫也。萬歷中有承彩者，亦榑裔。齊宗人多凶狡，獨承彩頗好學云。

In the third year of Xuande a crackpot in Fujian, Lou Lian, falsely claimed to be the junior Prince of Qi of the seven prefectures and plotted rebellion. When the plot was exposed he was sent to the capital in fetters, and several hundred of his followers were put to death. Zhu Fu and his three sons all died suddenly; the youngest, Xian He, was resettled at Luzhou. In the fifth year of Jingtai the deposed princes of Qi and Gu were transferred to Nanjing, and local officials were ordered to keep strict watch. After the Gu line died out, the Qi commoner asked to take over the Gu commoner's dwelling. In the thirteenth year of Jiajing the commoner Chang Chan, immured in the high-walled compound, was released; he was Zhu Fu's great-grandson. During the Wanli reign there was a Chengcai, likewise a descendant of Zhu Fu. Most of the Qi line were brutal and cunning; Chengcai alone, it is said, took to scholarship.

潭王梓，太祖第八子。洪武三年封。十八年就籓長沙。梓英敏好學，善屬文。嘗召府中儒臣，設醴賦詩，親品其高下，賚以金幣。妃于氏，都督顯女也。顯子琥，初為寧夏指揮。二十三年坐胡惟庸黨，顯與琥俱坐誅。梓不自安。帝遣使慰諭，且召入見。梓大懼，與妃俱焚死。無子，除其封。

Zhu Zi, Prince of Tan, was the eighth son of the founding emperor. He received his enfeoffment in the third year of Hongwu. In year eighteen he went to his fief at Changsha. Zi was quick-witted and studious and excelled at prose. He once gathered the scholars of his household, set out wine for a poetry contest, judged their work himself, and rewarded them with gold and cash. His consort was Lady Yu, daughter of Regional Commander Yu Xian. Xian's son Yu Hu had first served as a garrison commander in Ningxia. In year twenty-three, implicated in Hu Weiyong's conspiracy, Xian and Hu were both put to death. Zi grew uneasy. The emperor sent envoys to reassure him and summoned him to court. Terrified, Zi and his consort burned themselves alive. He left no heir, and his princely title was abolished.

趙王□巳，太祖第九子。洪武二年生。次年受封，明年殤。

Zhu □ji, Prince of Zhao, was the founding emperor's ninth son. He was born in the second year of Hongwu. He was enfeoffed the following year and died in infancy the year after.

子惠王泰堪嗣，九年薨。子莊王陽鑄嗣，嘉靖二年薨。莊王在位久，世子當漎，當漎子健杙皆前卒，健杙子端王觀□定嗣。狎典膳秦信等，遊戲無度，挾娼樂，裸男女雜坐。左右有忤者，錐斧立斃，或加以砲烙。信等乘勢殘殺人。館陶王當淴亦淫暴，與觀□定交惡，相訐奏。帝念觀□定尚幼，革其祿三之二，逮誅信等，亦革當淴祿三之一。二十八年，觀□定薨。子恭王頤坦嗣，有孝行，捐邸中田湖，贍貧民，辭常祿，給貧宗。前後七賜璽書嘉勞。萬歷二十二年薨。世子壽金爵先卒，弟敬王壽錚嗣，二十八年薨。弟憲王壽鋐嗣，崇禎九年薨。弟肅王壽鏞嗣，薨。子以派嗣，十五年，大清兵克兗州，被執死。弟以海轉徙台州，張國維等迎居於紹興，號魯監國。順治三年六月，大兵克紹興，以海遁入海。久之，居金門，鄭成功禮待頗恭。既而懈，以海不能平，將往南澳。成功使人沉之海中。

Zhu Tan's son Tai Kan, Prince of Hui, succeeded him and died in the ninth year of his reign. His son Yang Zhu, Prince of Zhuang, succeeded and died in the second year of Jiajing. The Prince of Zhuang reigned for many years; his heir Dang Cheng and Cheng's son Jian Yi both predeceased him, and Jian Yi's son Guan □ding, Prince of Duan, succeeded. He kept company with his pantry officer Qin Xin and others, indulged in endless revelry, kept prostitutes and musicians, and sat naked with men and women mingled together. Anyone who crossed him was killed on the spot with awl or axe, or put to the branding torture. Qin Xin and his clique used their influence to murder at will. Dang Hu, Prince of Guantao, was likewise debauched and brutal; he and Guan □ding became enemies and filed charges against each other. Mindful that Guan □ding was still young, the emperor cut his stipend by two-thirds; after Qin Xin and his gang were executed, Dang Hu's stipend was cut by one-third as well. Guan □ding died in year twenty-eight. His son Yitan, Prince of Gong, succeeded; noted for filial piety, he donated estate fields and ponds to feed the poor, declined part of his regular stipend, and gave to impoverished kinsmen. The throne seven times sent him sealed letters of commendation. He died in the twenty-second year of Wanli. His heir Shou Jinjue predeceased him; his younger brother Shou Zheng, Prince of Jing, succeeded and died in year twenty-eight. His younger brother Shou Peng, Prince of Xian, succeeded and died in the ninth year of Chongzhen. His younger brother Shou Yong, Prince of Su, succeeded and died. His son Yipai succeeded; in year fifteen Qing forces captured Yanzhou and he was taken and killed. His younger brother Yihai fled to Taizhou; Zhang Guowei and others installed him at Shaoxing as Supervisor of State for Lu. In the sixth month of the third year of Shunzhi the Qing army took Shaoxing and Yihai fled to sea. After a time he lived on Kinmen, where Zheng Chenggong treated him with marked respect. Before long Chenggong slackened in his courtesy; unable to win Yihai over, and learning that Yihai meant to sail for Nan'ao, Chenggong had him drowned at sea.

歸善王當沍，莊王幼子也。正德中，賊攻兗州，帥家眾乘城，取護衛弓弩射卻賊。降敕獎諭，遂以健武聞。時有卒袁質與舍人趙巖俱家東平，武斷為鄉人所惡。吏部主事梁谷，亦東平人，少不檢，倚惡少為助，既貴，頗厭苦之，又與千戶高乾有怨。正德九年，谷邑人西鳳竹、屈昂誑谷云：「質、巖且為亂。」谷心動，因並指乾等，告變於尚書楊一清。兵部議以大兵駐濟南伺變。先是，當沍數與質、巖校射。至是當沍父莊王聽長史馬魁譖言當沍結質、巖欲反，虞禍及，奏於朝。帝遣司禮太監溫祥、大理少卿王純、錦衣衛指揮韓端往按問。祥等至，圍當沍第，執之。祥等讞谷所指皆平人。魁懼事敗，乃諷所厚陳環及術士李秀佐證之，復以書及賄抵鎮守太監畢真，使逮二人詰問。已而二人以實對，書賄事亦為真所發。於是御史李翰臣劾谷報怨邀功，長史魁惑王罔奏，宜即訊。詔下翰臣獄，謫廣德州判官，免谷罪不問。御史程啟充等疏言：「谷、魁鼓煽流言，死不蔽罪，縱首禍而謫言者，非國體。」不報。廷臣議當沍罪，卒無所坐。以藏護衛兵器違祖制，廢為庶人。戍質等於肅州。所連逮多瘐死，魁坐誣奏斬。鳳竹、昂流口外。中官送當沍之高牆，當沍大慟曰：「冤乎！」觸牆死。聞者傷之。輔國將軍當濆，鉅野王泰墱諸孫也，慷慨有志節。嘉靖三年上書請停郡縣主、郡縣君恤典，以蘇民困。七年奏辭輔國將軍並子奉國將軍祿，佐疏運河。賜敕褒諭。又上書言：「各籓郡縣主、郡縣君先儀賓沒者，故事儀賓得支半祿。今四方災傷，邊陲多事，民窮財盡，而各儀賓暴橫侈肆，多不法，請勿論品級，減其月給。」明年又請以父子應得祿米佐振。因勸帝法祖宗，重國本，裁不急之費，息土木之工。詞甚愷切。帝嘉其意，特敕褒之，不聽辭祿。時東甌王健楸無子，上書言：「宗室所以蕃，由詐以媵子為嫡，糜費縣官。今臣無嫡嗣，請以所受府第屯廠盡歸魯府，待給新封，省民財萬一，乞著為例。」報可。

Dang Hong, Prince of Guishan, was the youngest son of the Prince of Zhuang. During the Zhengde reign bandits attacked Yanzhou; he led his household onto the walls and drove them off with his guard's crossbows. The throne sent down a commendatory edict, and he won renown for martial valor. At the time a soldier, Yuan Zhi, and a household attendant, Zhao Yan, both domiciled in Dongping, ruled the countryside by force and were loathed by their neighbors. Liang Gu, a registrar in the Ministry of Personnel and likewise from Dongping, had been wild in his youth and leaned on local toughs; once he rose in rank he came to resent them, and he also bore a grudge against chiliarch Gao Qian. In the ninth year of Zhengde his townsmen Xi Fengzhu and Qu Ang tricked him, saying, "Zhi and Yan are on the verge of rebellion. Gu took the bait and, implicating Qian and others as well, reported a conspiracy to Minister Yang Yiqing. The Ministry of War proposed stationing a large force at Jinan to await developments. Earlier Dang Hong had often competed in archery with Zhi and Yan. Now Dang Hong's father, the Prince of Zhuang, believing Chief Secretary Ma Kui's slander that his son was plotting with Zhi and Yan, fearing he would be implicated, memorialized the throne. The emperor sent the director of ceremonial Wen Xiang, vice minister of justice Wang Chun, and guard commander Han Duan to investigate. When they arrived they surrounded Dang Hong's mansion and arrested him. They found that everyone Gu had named was innocent. Kui, fearing exposure, induced his protégé Chen Huan and a sorcerer, Li Xiu, to give false testimony, and sent Bi Zhen, the garrison eunuch, a letter and bribe to have the two men seized and questioned. Soon the two told the truth, and Bi Zhen also exposed the bribery. Censor Li Hanchen then impeached Gu for settling scores and seeking credit, and Kui for misleading the prince and filing a false report; both should be interrogated at once. The emperor had Hanchen thrown into prison and demoted to magistrate of Guangde, while Gu went unpunished. Censors led by Cheng Qichong wrote: "Gu and Kui fanned seditious talk—crimes that merit death—yet the ringleaders go free while the truth-teller is punished: this shames the realm. The throne did not respond. The court debated Dang Hong's guilt but could prove no treason. He was deposed to commoner status for hoarding guard arms in breach of ancestral law. Zhi and the others were banished to the Gansu prefecture of Suzhou. Many of those caught up in the case died in custody; Kui was beheaded for his false report. Fengzhu and Ang were banished beyond the frontier. As eunuchs escorted Dang Hong to the high-walled compound he cried out in anguish, "I have been wronged! He dashed his head against the wall and died. All who heard of it mourned him. Dang Fen, Supporter-General of the State and a grandson of Tai Yong, Prince of Juye, was high-spirited and principled. In the third year of Jiajing he memorialized asking that funeral rites for commandery and county princesses be suspended to ease the people's burdens. In year seven he asked to give up his own stipend as Supporter-General and his son's as Sustainer-General to help dredge the Grand Canal. The throne rewarded him with a commendatory edict. He memorialized again: "When a commandery or county princess's ceremonial consort dies, precedent allows the consort half stipend. Yet disasters afflict every quarter, the borders are troubled, and the people are destitute—while these consorts grow violent, extravagant, and lawless. I beg that their monthly allotments be cut without regard to rank. The next year he offered his and his son's grain stipends for famine relief. He also urged the emperor to follow the founders, strengthen the dynastic foundation, slash needless spending, and halt construction projects. His language was earnest and moving. The emperor commended his intent, sent a special commendation, and refused his offer to give up his stipend. At the time Jian Qiu, Prince of Dongou, had no legitimate heir and wrote: "The clan swells because men fraudulently install concubines' sons as heirs, draining the treasury. I have no legitimate son; let my residence, estates, and farms revert to the Lu princedom until a new heir is named—sparing the people, if only a little—and let this become precedent. The request was approved.

奉國將軍健根，鉅野王陽鎣諸孫。博通經術，年七十，猶縱談名理，亹亹不倦。嘉靖中，詔褒其賢孝。子鎮國中尉觀熰，字中立，居母喪，蔬食逾年，哀毀骨立。嘗繪《太平圖》上獻。世宗嘉獎之，賜承訓書院名額並《五經》諸書。弟觀以詩畫著名。同時鉅野中尉頤壟、安丘將軍頤墉，聲詩清拔。樂陵王頤□戔亦喜稱詩。

Jian Gen, Sustainer-General of the State, was a grandson of Yang Jin, Prince of Juye. A master of the classics, at seventy he still held forth on philosophy without tiring. During Jiajing an edict praised his learning and filial devotion. His son Guan Xi, Defender-Commandant of the State, styled Zhongli, mourned his mother on vegetables for more than a year until grief had worn him to skin and bone. He once painted the "Picture of Great Peace" and presented it to the throne. The Jiajing Emperor praised him and granted the Chengxun Academy an official name-quota, along with the Five Classics and other canonical works. His younger brother Guan won renown as a poet and painter. Around the same time, Zhu Yilong, Commandant of Juye, and Zhu Yiyong, General of Anqiu, were admired for poetry of lucid, distinguished voice. Zhu Yi□jian, Prince of Leling, likewise took pleasure in writing verse.

安丘王當隧，靖王曾孫，少孤，事祖父母以孝聞。曾孫頤堀好學秉禮，尤諳練典故。籓邸中有大疑，輒就決。一意韜晦，監司守令希見其面。年七十餘，猶手不廢書。

Zhu Dangsui, Prince of Anqiu, a great-grandson of Prince Jing, lost his parents early and was famed for his filial care of his grandparents. His descendant Zhu Yiku was devoted to study and observance of ritual and was especially expert in institutional precedent. Whenever a serious question arose in the princedom, the clan turned to him for judgment. He deliberately lived in seclusion, and provincial officials seldom caught sight of him. Even past seventy he never stopped reading and writing with his own hand.

魯府宗室壽金林，家兗州。崇禎中為雲南通判，有聲績。永明王由榔在廣西，以為右僉都御史，使募兵。值沙定州亂，兵不能集。孫可望兵至，壽金林知不免，張麾蓋往見之，行三揖禮曰：「謝將軍不殺不掠之恩。」可望脅之降，不從。系他所，使人誘以官，終不從。從容題詩於壁，或以詩報可望，遂遇害。

Shou Jinlin, a kinsman of the Lu princely house, was a native of Yanzhou. Under Chongzhen he served as assistant prefect of Yunnan and earned a solid record of accomplishment. When Zhu Youlang, the Prince of Yongming, held Guangxi, he named him Right Vice Censor-in-Chief and charged him with recruiting soldiers. Rebellion broke out at Sha Dingzhou, and he could not gather his forces. When Sun Kewang's troops arrived, Shou Jinlin knew his end was near; he went forward under his command canopy, bowed three times with hands joined, and said, "I thank you, General, for sparing the people killing and looting. Sun Kewang then tried to force him to submit, but he refused. They imprisoned him elsewhere and sent envoys promising him office, but he would not yield. Calmly he wrote poems on the wall and sometimes replied to Sun Kewang in verse; in the end he was killed.

Cite this Chapter