1
明制，皇姑曰大長公主，皇姊妹曰長公主，皇女曰公主，俱授金冊，祿二千石，婿曰駙馬都尉。 親王女曰郡主，郡王女曰縣主，孫女曰郡君，曾孫女曰縣君，玄孫女曰鄉君，婿皆儀賓。 郡主祿八百石，余遞減有差。 郡主以下，恩禮既殺，無足書者。 今依前史例，作《公主傳》，而駙馬都尉附焉。
Under Ming regulations, the emperor's paternal aunt bore the title Grand Senior Princess, his sisters Senior Princess, and his daughters Princess. Each received a golden investiture register, an income equivalent to two thousand shi, and her husband held the title Commandant of Horse Escort. A prince of the first rank's daughter was a Commandery Mistress; a prince of the second rank's daughter, a District Mistress; a granddaughter a Commandery Lady; a great-granddaughter a District Lady; and a great-great-granddaughter a Village Lady. Their husbands all held the title Ceremonial Guest. A Commandery Mistress drew eight hundred shi; lower ranks received proportionally less. Below the rank of Commandery Mistress, patronage and ceremonial honors were too slight to warrant individual entries. Following earlier dynastic histories, we compose the 《Biographies of Princesses》, with the Commandants of Horse Escort appended thereto.
2
仁祖二女太祖十六女 〈（福成慶陽二主附）〉 興宗四女成祖五女仁宗七女宣宗二女英宗八女景帝一女憲宗五女孝宗三女睿宗二女世宗五女穆宗六女神宗十女光宗九女熹宗二女莊烈帝六女仁祖二女
The Founding Ancestor's two daughters; Taizu's sixteen daughters. with the Fucheng and Qingyang princesses appended.)〉 The Progenitor of the Revival had four daughters; Chengzu five; Renzong seven; Xuanzong two; Yingzong eight; the Jing Emperor one; Xianzong five; Xiaozong three; Ruizong two; Shizong five; Muzong six; Shenzong ten; Guangzong nine; Xizong two; the Zhuanglie Emperor six; and the founding ancestor two.
3
仁祖二女
The Founding Ancestor had two daughters.
4
太原長公主，淳皇后所生，嫁王七一，早卒。 洪武三年追冊，並贈七一榮祿大夫駙馬都尉，遣使具衣冠改葬於盱眙。
The Senior Princess of Taiyuan, daughter of Empress Chun, married Wang Qiyi and died young. In Hongwu year 3 she was posthumously enfeoffed, and Qiyi was granted the rank of Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and the title Commandant of Horse Escort. Envoys were sent with full funeral regalia to rebury her at Xuyi.
5
曹國長公主，太原主母妹，嫁李貞。 主性純孝，助貞理家尤勤儉，早卒。 貞攜子文忠避兵，依太祖於滁陽。 洪武元年二月追冊主為孝親公主，封貞恩親侯駙馬都尉。 先是，兵亂，主未葬，命有司具禮葬於李氏先墓。 詔曰：「公主祠堂碑亭，其制悉視功臣之贈爵為王者。」 三年改冊主隴西長公主。 五年，以文忠貴，加冊曹國長公主，並進貞右柱國曹國公。 貞性孝友恭謹。 初，文忠守嚴州，屢以征伐事出，皆委貞權掌軍務。 文忠克桐廬，以所俘卒送嚴。 嚴城空虛，俘卒謀叛去。 貞饗其眾，醉而縛之，以歸應天。 太祖嘉之，累授官如子爵，賜甲第西華門玄津橋之西。 帝數臨幸，太子諸王時往起居，親重無與比。 晚歲尤折節謙抑，嘗曰：「富貴而忘貧賤，君子不為也。」 十二年冬卒。 贈隴西王，謚恭獻。 文忠自有傳。
The Senior Princess of Cao, younger sister of the Taiyuan princess's mother, married Li Zhen. The princess was deeply filial and helped Zhen run the household with exceptional diligence and frugality. She too died young. Zhen fled the fighting with his son Wenzhong and joined Taizu at Chuyang. In the second month of Hongwu year 1 the princess was posthumously enfeoffed as Princess of Filial Kinship, and Zhen was made Marquis of Gracious Kinship and Commandant of Horse Escort. Earlier, amid the chaos of war, the princess had remained unburied. He ordered the authorities to conduct a proper funeral and inter her in the Li family graveyard. An edict declared: "The princess's ancestral hall and memorial stele pavilion shall follow the same regulations as those granted to meritorious ministers enfeoffed as kings." In year 3 her title was changed to Senior Princess of Longxi. In year 5, as Wenzhong's standing had risen, she was further enfeoffed as Senior Princess of Cao, and Zhen was promoted to Right Pillar of the State and Duke of Cao. Zhen was filial, cordial, respectful, and discreet by nature. When Wenzhong was stationed at Yanzhou, he was often away on campaign and left Zhen in full charge of military affairs. After Wenzhong captured Tonglu, he sent the prisoners of war to Yanzhou. Yanzhou was lightly garrisoned, and the prisoners plotted a mutiny and escape. Zhen entertained the men, waited until they were drunk, bound them, and escorted them to Yingtian. Taizu praised him, repeatedly promoted him to ranks comparable to a viscount's, and granted him a fine residence west of the Xuanjin Bridge at Xihua Gate. The emperor visited him often; the crown prince and other princes called on him regularly. No one else enjoyed such personal favor. In his later years he became especially modest and self-effacing. He once said, "A gentleman does not forget poverty and humble origins once he has grown rich and eminent." He died in the winter of year 12. He was posthumously enfeoffed as King of Longxi with the temple name Respectful and Offering. Wenzhong has a separate biography elsewhere in these annals.
6
太祖十六女
Taizu's sixteen daughters
7
臨安公主，洪武九年下嫁李祺，韓國公善長子也。 是時始定公主婚禮，先期賜駙馬冠誥並朝服，儀從甚盛。 主執婦道甚備。 祺，功臣子，帝長婿，頗委任之。 四方水旱，每命祺往振濟。 二十三年，善長坐事死。 祺前卒，主至永樂十九年薨。
The Princess of Lin'an married Li Qi in Hongwu year 9. Qi was the eldest son of Li Shanchang, Duke of Han. This was when the wedding protocol for princesses was first established. The commandant was given his cap, patent of appointment, and court robes in advance, and his ceremonial escort was splendid. The princess fulfilled every duty expected of a wife. As the son of a founding minister and the emperor's eldest son-in-law, Qi received considerable trust and responsibility. Whenever floods or droughts struck the realm, the emperor sent Qi to distribute relief. In year 23 Shanchang was executed for his crimes. Qi had died earlier. The princess lived until Yongle year 19.
8
寧國公主，孝慈皇后生。 洪武十一年下嫁梅殷。 殷字伯殷，汝南侯思祖從子也，天性恭謹，有謀略，便弓馬。 太祖十六女諸駙馬中，尤愛殷。 時李文忠以上公典國學，而殷視山東學政，賜敕褒美，謂殷精通經史，堪為儒宗。 當世皆榮之。 帝春秋高，諸王強盛。 殷嘗受密命輔皇太孫。 及燕師日逼，惠帝命殷充總兵官鎮守淮安。 悉心防禦，號令嚴明。 燕兵破何福軍，執諸將平安等，遣使假道於殷，以進香為名。 殷答曰：「進香，皇考有禁，不遵者為不孝。」 王大怒，復書言：「今興兵誅君側惡，天命有歸，非人所能阻。」 殷割使者耳鼻縱之，曰：「留汝口為殿下言君臣大義。」 王為氣沮。 而鳳陽守徐安亦拆浮橋，絕舟楫以遏燕。 燕兵乃涉泗，出天長，取道揚州。 王即帝位，殷尚擁兵淮上，帝迫公主嚙血為書投殷。 殷得書慟哭，乃還京。 既入見，帝迎勞曰：「駙馬勞苦。」 殷曰：「勞而無功耳。」 帝默然。 永樂二年，都御史陳瑛奏殷畜養亡命，與女秀才劉氏朋邪詛咒。 帝曰：「朕自處之。」 因諭戶部考定公、侯、駙馬、伯儀仗從人之數，而別命錦衣衛執殷家人送遼東。 明年冬十月，殷入朝，前軍都督僉事譚深、錦衣衛指揮趙曦擠殷笪橋下，溺死，以殷自投水聞。 都督同知許成發其事。 帝怒，命法司治深、曦罪，斬之，籍其家。 遣官為殷治喪，謚榮定，而封許成為永新伯。 初，公主聞殷死，謂上果殺殷，牽衣大哭，問駙馬安在。 帝曰：「為主跡賊，無自苦。」 尋官殷二子，順昌為中府都督同知，景福為旗手衛指揮使，賜公主書曰：「駙馬殷雖有過失，兄以至親不問。 比聞溺死，兄甚疑之。 都督許成來首，已加爵賞，謀害之人悉置重法，特報妹知之。」 瓦剌灰者，降人也，事殷久，謂深、曦實殺殷，請於帝，斷二人手足，剖其腸祭殷，遂自經死。 十二月進封公主為寧國長公主。 宣德九年八月薨，年七十一。 初，主聞成祖舉兵，貽書責以大義。 不答。 成祖至淮北，貽主書，命遷居太平門外，勿罹兵禍。 主亦不答。 然成祖故重主，即位後，歲時賜與無算，諸王莫敢望。 殷孫純，成化中舉進士，知定遠縣，忤上官，棄歸。 襲武階，為中都副留守。
The Princess of Ning, daughter of Empress Xiaoci. In Hongwu year 11 she married Mei Yin. Yin, courtesy name Boyin, was a nephew of Marquis Sizu of Runan. Naturally respectful and cautious, he was resourceful and skilled in archery and horsemanship. Of all the husbands of Taizu's sixteen daughters, the emperor favored Yin most. While Li Wenzhong, as a senior duke, directed the National Academy, Yin oversaw education in Shandong. The emperor issued a commendatory edict declaring Yin thoroughly versed in the classics and histories and fit to stand as a model scholar. Contemporaries regarded this as the highest honor. As the emperor grew old, the princes grew powerful. Yin had once received a secret commission to support the heir apparent's son. As the Yan forces drew nearer day by day, Emperor Hui appointed Yin commander-in-chief to defend Huai'an. He defended the city with tireless care, and his orders were strict and clear. After defeating He Fu's army and capturing generals including Ping'an, the Yan forces sent envoys to Yin requesting passage, under the pretense of offering incense at a shrine. Yin replied, "Our late father forbade such incense offerings. Whoever disregards that ban is unfilial." The prince was furious and wrote back, "I have taken up arms to purge evil from the ruler's side. Heaven's mandate has found its bearer, and no man can stand in its way." Yin cut off the envoy's ears and nose and sent him back, saying, "I leave you your mouth so you may tell His Highness what ruler and subject truly owe each other." The prince's ardor was checked. Meanwhile Xu An, defender of Fengyang, dismantled the pontoon bridge and blocked river traffic to obstruct the Yan advance. The Yan army forded the Si River, passed through Tianchang, and advanced by way of Yangzhou. After the prince took the throne, Yin still held an army on the Huai. The new emperor pressed the princess to write a letter in her own blood and send it to Yin. Yin wept when he read it and then returned to the capital. When he was received in audience, the emperor greeted him warmly. "Commandant, you have borne great hardships," he said." Yin replied, "Hardships borne, but to no avail." The emperor said nothing. In Yongle year 2, Censor-in-Chief Chen Ying reported that Yin was sheltering fugitives and, together with a female scholar surnamed Liu, practicing sorcery and treasonous curses. The emperor said, "I shall handle this myself." He then ordered the Ministry of Revenue to fix the size of ceremonial escorts for dukes, marquises, commandants, and earls, while separately directing the Embroidered-Uniform Guard to seize Yin's household and exile them to Liaodong. The following winter, in the tenth month, Yin came to court. Tan Shen, vice commissioner of the Forward Army Command, and Zhao Xi, director of the Embroidered-Uniform Guard, pushed him off the Dadao Bridge and drowned him. The court announced that Yin had drowned himself. Associate Commissioner-in-Chief Xu Cheng exposed the crime. The emperor was enraged and ordered the judicial authorities to try Shen and Xi, execute them, and confiscate their estates. He sent officials to arrange Yin's funeral, granted him the posthumous title Glorious and Settled, and enfeoffed Xu Cheng as Earl of Yongxin. When the princess first heard of Yin's death, she assumed the emperor had murdered him. Clutching at his robe, she wept and demanded to know where her husband was. The emperor said, "I am hunting down the culprits on your behalf. Do not torment yourself." He soon appointed Yin's two sons—Shunchang as associate commissioner of the Central Military Commission and Jingfu as director of the Banner-Halberd Guard—and wrote the princess: "Though Commandant Yin had faults, I overlooked them because he was my brother-in-law. When I heard he had drowned, I was deeply suspicious. Commissioner Xu Cheng came forward with a confession. I have already rewarded him with a noble title. Those who plotted the murder have all been punished to the full extent of the law. I write specially to inform you, my sister." Wala Hui, a surrendered tribesman who had long served Yin, insisted that Shen and Xi had murdered him. He begged the emperor to cut off their hands and feet and disembowel them as an offering to Yin, then hanged himself. In the twelfth month she was promoted to Senior Princess of Ning. She died in the eighth month of Xuande year 9, at the age of seventy-one. When she first learned that Chengzu had taken up arms, she wrote to rebuke him on grounds of loyalty and righteousness. He did not answer. When Chengzu reached the north bank of the Huai, he wrote urging her to move outside Taiping Gate and keep clear of the fighting. She did not answer that either. Yet Chengzu had always held her in high regard. After his accession, seasonal gifts to her were beyond counting, and none of the princes could compare. Yin's grandson Chun passed the jinshi examination in the Chenghua reign, served as magistrate of Dingyuan County, clashed with his superiors, and resigned to return home. He then inherited the family's military rank and became deputy commandant of the Central Capital.
9
崇寧公主，洪武十七年下嫁牛城，未幾薨。
The Princess of Chongning married Niu Cheng in Hongwu year 17 and died soon after.
10
安慶公主，寧國主母妹。 洪武十四年下嫁歐陽倫。 倫頗不法。 洪武末，茶禁方嚴，數遣私人販茶出境，所至繹騷，雖大吏不敢問。 有家奴周保者尤橫，輒呼有司科民車至數十輛。 過河橋巡檢司，擅捶辱司吏。 吏不堪，以聞。 帝大怒，賜倫死，保等皆伏誅。
The Princess of Anqing was the younger sister of the Ning princess's mother. In Hongwu year 14 she married Ouyang Lun. Lun was notably lawless. Late in the Hongwu reign the tea monopoly was strictly enforced, yet Lun repeatedly sent private agents to smuggle tea across the border. Wherever they went they caused uproar, and even senior officials dared not intervene. One household slave, Zhou Bao, was especially brutal. He routinely ordered local officials to press civilians into providing dozens of carts at a time. At the Hegiao Bridge inspection office he took it upon himself to beat and humiliate the clerk on duty. The clerk could endure it no longer and reported the matter. The emperor was furious. Lun was sentenced to death, and Bao and his accomplices were all executed.
11
汝寧公主，洪武十五年與懷慶、大名二主先後下嫁，而主下嫁陸賢，吉安侯仲亨子也。
The Princess of Runing. In Hongwu year 15 she married, in the same period as the princesses of Huaiqing and Daming, Lu Xian, son of Marquis Zhongheng of Ji'an.
12
福清公主，母鄭安妃。 洪武十八年下嫁張麟，鳳翔侯龍子也。 麟未嗣侯卒。 永樂十五年，主薨。
The Princess of Fuqing, daughter of Consort Zheng An. In Hongwu year 18 she married Zhang Lin, son of Marquis Long of Fengxiang. Lin died before he could inherit his father's title. She died in Yongle year 15.
13
壽春公主，洪武十九年下嫁傅忠，穎國公友德子也。 先是，九年二月定制：公主未受封者，歲給纻絲紗絹布線； 已封，賜莊田一區，歲征租一千五百石，鈔二千貫。 主為太祖所愛，賜吳江縣田一百二十余頃，皆上腴，歲入八千石，逾他主數倍。 二十一年薨，賜明器儀杖以葬。
The Princess of Shouchun married Fu Zhong in Hongwu year 19. Zhong was the son of Fu Youde, Duke of Ying. Earlier, in the second month of year 9, regulations were established: an unenfeoffed princess received annual allotments of ramie silk, gauze, damask, cloth, and thread; once enfeoffed, she received an estate yielding fifteen hundred shi in annual rent and two thousand strings of paper money. Taizu favored this princess and granted her more than one hundred twenty qing of fields in Wujiang County, all prime land yielding eight thousand shi a year—several times the income of her sisters. She died in year 21, and the court granted funeral regalia and ceremonial staffs for her burial.
14
十公主，早薨。
The Tenth Princess died young.
15
永嘉公主，母郭惠妃。 洪武二十二年下嫁郭鎮，武定侯英子也。 英卒，鎮不得嗣。 宣德十年，主乞以子珍嗣，語在《英傳》。 景泰六年，主薨。 世宗即位，元孫勛有寵，為主乞追謚，特賜謚貞懿。
The Princess of Yongjia, daughter of Consort Guo Hui. In Hongwu year 22 she married Guo Zhen, son of Marquis Ying of Wuding. When Ying died, Zhen was unable to inherit the title. In Xuande year 10 the princess petitioned that her son Zhen be allowed to inherit; the matter is recorded in the 《Biography of Ying》. She died in Jingtai year 6. After Shizong's accession, her great-grandson Xun, then in favor at court, petitioned for a posthumous title on her behalf. She was specially granted the name Chaste and Gracious.
16
十三公主，早薨。
The Thirteenth Princess died young.
17
含山公主，母高麗妃韓氏。 洪武二十七年下嫁尹清。 建文初，清掌後府都督事，先主卒。 主至天順六年始薨，年八十有二。
The Princess of Hanshan, daughter of the Goryeo consort Lady Han. In Hongwu year 27 she married Yin Qing. Early in the Jianwen reign Qing directed affairs of the Rear Palace military commission and died before the princess. The princess lived until Tianshun year 6, dying at the age of eighty-two.
18
汝陽公主，永嘉主同母妹，與含山主同年下嫁謝達。 達父彥，鳳陽人，少育於孫氏，冒其姓。 數從征討有功，累官前軍都督僉事，詔復謝姓，遷其子尚主。 仁宗即位，主以屬尊，與寧國、懷慶、大名、南康、永嘉、含山、寶慶七主皆進稱大長公主。 自後諸帝即位，公主進封長公主、大長公主皆如制。
The Princess of Ruyang, younger sister of the Yongjia princess by the same mother, married Xie Da in the same year as the Hanshan princess. Da's father Yan was from Fengyang. Raised in youth by the Sun clan, he had taken their surname. He campaigned repeatedly with distinction and rose to vice commissioner of the Forward Army Command. An edict restored the Xie surname, and his son was promoted to marry the princess. When Renzong took the throne, this princess and seven others—of Ning, Huaiqing, Daming, Nankang, Yongjia, Hanshan, and Baoqing—were all promoted to Grand Senior Princess on account of their senior rank. Thereafter, whenever a new emperor took the throne, princesses were promoted to Senior Princess or Grand Senior Princess according to regulation.
19
寶慶公主，太祖最幼女，下嫁趙輝。 輝父和以千戶從征安南陣沒，輝襲父官。 先是，成祖即位，主甫八歲，命仁孝皇后撫之如女。 永樂十一年，輝以千戶守金川門，年二十余，狀貌偉麗，遂選以尚主。 主既為後所撫，裝賫視他主倍渥，婚夕特詔皇太子送入邸。 主性純淑，宣德八年薨。 輝至成化十二年始卒。 凡事六朝，歷掌南京都督及宗人府事。 家故豪侈，姬妾至百余人，享有富貴者六十余年，壽九十。
The Princess of Baoqing, Taizu's youngest daughter, married Zhao Hui. Hui's father He had served as a chiliarch in the Annam campaign and died in battle. Hui inherited his father's post. When Chengzu took the throne the princess was only eight. He ordered Empress Renxiao to raise her as her own daughter. In Yongle year 11 Hui, a chiliarch guarding Jinchuan Gate, was in his early twenties and strikingly handsome. He was chosen to marry the princess. Because the empress had raised her, her trousseau was twice as lavish as that of other princesses. On the wedding night a special edict directed the crown prince to escort her to the residence. The princess was gentle and virtuous by nature. She died in Xuande year 8. Hui did not die until Chenghua year 12. He served six reigns and at various times directed both the Nanjing military commission and the Imperial Clan Court. His household was famously extravagant, with more than a hundred concubines. He enjoyed wealth and privilege for more than sixty years and lived to ninety.
20
附福成、慶陽二主
Appended: the Princesses of Fucheng and Qingyang
21
福成公主，南昌王女，母王氏。 嫁王克恭。 克恭嘗為福建行省參政，後改福州衛指揮使。
The Princess of Fucheng, daughter of the Prince of Nanchang and Lady Wang. She married Wang Kejing. Kejing had served as administrative commissioner of Fujian Province and later became director of the Fuzhou Guard.
22
興宗四女
The Progenitor of the Revival's four daughters
23
宜倫郡主，永樂十五年下嫁於禮。
The Commandery Mistress of Yilun married Yu Li in Yongle year 15.
24
三女，無考。
Three daughters; no further record survives.
25
南平郡主，未下嫁，永樂十年薨，追冊。
The Commandery Mistress of Nanping died unmarried in Yongle year 10 and was posthumously enfeoffed.
26
成祖五女
Chengzu's five daughters
27
永安公主，下嫁袁容。 容，壽州人，父洪以開國功，官都督。 洪武二十八年選容為燕府儀賓，配永安郡主。 燕兵起，有戰守功。 永樂元年進郡主為公主，容駙馬都尉； 再論功，封廣平侯，祿一千五百石，予世券。 凡車駕巡幸，皆命容居守。 初，都指揮款臺乘馬過容門，容怒其不下，棰之幾死。 帝聞之，賜趙王高燧書曰：「自洪武來，往來駙馬門者，未聞令下馬也。 昔晉王敦為駙馬，縱恣暴橫，卒以滅亡。 汝其以書示容，令械辱款臺之人送京師。」 容由是斂戢。 十五年，主薨，停容侯祿。 宣宗即位，復故。 卒，贈沂國公，謚忠穆。 子禎嗣，卒，無子。 庶弟瑄，正統初乞嗣。 帝曰：「容封以公主恩，禎嗣以公主子。 瑄庶子，可長陵衛指揮僉事。」 天順元年詔復侯爵，卒。 弟琇，成化十五年嗣，卒。 侄輅乞嗣侯，言官持不可。 帝曰：「詔書許子孫嗣。 輅，容孫也，輅後毋嗣，仍世衛僉事。」 輅卒，子夔，弘治間乞嗣侯。 不許。
The Princess of Yong'an married Yuan Rong. Rong was from Shouzhou. His father Hong, a founding meritocrat, held the rank of commissioner. In Hongwu year 28 Rong was chosen as Ceremonial Guest to the Prince of Yan and betrothed to the Commandery Mistress of Yong'an. When the Yan forces took up arms, he distinguished himself in attack and defense. In Yongle 1 the commandery mistress was promoted to princess and Rong became Commandant of Horse Escort; his merits were weighed again and he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangping with a stipend of fifteen hundred shi and a hereditary patent. Whenever the emperor traveled, Rong was left in charge of the capital. Once Regional Commander Kuantai rode past Rong's gate without dismounting. Rong was furious and beat him nearly to death. When the emperor heard of it, he wrote to the Prince of Zhao, Gao Sui: "Since the Hongwu reign, no one passing a commandant's gate has been required to dismount. Wang Dun of Jin had once been a commandant and indulged in wanton violence until he was destroyed. Show Rong this letter and send the men who shackled and humiliated Kuantai to the capital in bonds. Rong thereafter restrained himself. In year 15 the princess died and Rong's marquis stipend was suspended. When Xuanzong took the throne, the stipend was restored. At his death he was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Yi with the temple name Loyal and Solemn. His son Zhen inherited the title but died without an heir. His younger half-brother Xuan petitioned to inherit early in the Zhengtong reign. The emperor said, "Rong's title was granted through the princess's favor; Zhen inherited as her son. Xuan is a son by a concubine. Let him be vice director of the Changling Guard. In Tianshun 1 an edict restored the marquisate. He died soon after. His younger brother Xiu inherited in Chenghua year 15 and died. The nephew Lu petitioned to inherit the marquisate, but remonstrating officials objected. The emperor said, "The patent edict permitted descendants to inherit. Lu is Rong's grandson. After Lu the marquisate shall not pass further, but the guard vice directorship shall remain hereditary. When Lu died, his son Kui petitioned to inherit the marquisate during the Hongzhi reign. The petition was denied.
28
常寧公主，下嫁沐昕，西平侯英子。 主恭慎有禮，通《孝經》、《女則》。 永樂六年薨，年二十二。
The Princess of Changning married Mu Xin, son of Marquis Ying of Xiping. The princess was respectful, discreet, and observant of ritual, and was versed in the 《Classic of Filial Piety》 and the 《Rules for Women》. She died in Yongle year 6 at the age of twenty-two.
29
仁宗七女
Renzong's seven daughters
30
嘉興公主，昭皇后生。 宣德三年下嫁井源。 正統四年薨。 後十年，源死土木之難。
The Princess of Jiaxing, daughter of Empress Zhao. In Xuande year 3 she married Jing Yuan. She died in Zhengtong year 4. Ten years later Yuan died in the Tumu disaster.
31
慶都公主，宣德三年下嫁焦敬。 正統五年薨。
The Princess of Qingdu married Jiao Jing in Xuande year 3. She died in Zhengtong year 5.
32
清河公主，宣德四年下嫁李銘。 八年薨。
The Princess of Qinghe married Li Ming in Xuande year 4. She died in year 8.
33
真定公主，母李賢妃，與清河主同年下嫁王誼。 景泰元年薨。
The Princess of Zhending, daughter of Consort Li Xian, married Wang Yi in the same year as the Qinghe princess. She died in Jingtai 1.
34
德安公主，早薨。 仁宗即位之十月，與蘄王瞻垠同日追封，謚悼簡。 冊辭謂第四女，蓋早殤，名次未定也。
The Princess of De'an died young. In the tenth month of Renzong's accession she was posthumously enfeoffed on the same day as Prince Zhan Yin of Qi, with the temple name Lamented and Simple. The investiture text calls her the fourth daughter; she had died in infancy and her birth order had not been fixed.
35
延平公主、德慶公主，俱未下嫁薨。
The Princesses of Yanping and Deqing both died unmarried.
36
宣宗二女
Xuanzong's two daughters
37
順德公主，正統二年下嫁石璟。 璟，昌黎人。 天順五年，曹欽反，璟帥眾殺賊，擒其黨脫脫。 詔獎勞。 成化十四年奉祀南京，逾年卒。
The Princess of Shunde married Shi Jing in Zhengtong year 2. Jing was from Changli. In Tianshun year 5, when Cao Qin rebelled, Jing led troops against the rebels and captured his follower Totuo. The court issued an edict of commendation and reward. In Chenghua year 14 he was assigned to perform sacrifices at Nanjing and died the following year.
38
常德公主，章皇后生。 正統五年下嫁薛桓。 成化六年薨。
The Princess of Changde, daughter of Empress Zhang. In Zhengtong year 5 she married Xue Huan. She died in Chenghua year 6.
39
英宗八女
Yingzong's eight daughters
40
嘉善公主，母王惠妃。 成化二年下嫁王增，兵部尚書驥孫也。 弘治十二年薨。
The Princess of Jiashan, daughter of Consort Wang Hui. In Chenghua year 2 she married Wang Zeng, grandson of Minister of War Ji. She died in Hongzhi year 12.
41
淳安公主，成化二年下嫁蔡震。 震行醇謹。 正德中，劉瑾下獄，詔廷訊。 有問者，瑾輒指其人附己，廷臣無敢詰。 震歷聲曰：「我皇家至戚，應不附爾！」 趣獄卒考掠之，瑾乃服罪，以是知名。 嘉靖中卒，贈太保，謚康僖。
The Princess of Chun'an married Cai Zhen in Chenghua year 2. Zhen was upright and discreet in conduct. During the Zhengde reign Liu Jin was imprisoned and the court ordered a public interrogation. Whenever questioned, Jin would point at someone and claim him as an accomplice, and the ministers at court dared not press further. Zhen spoke up loudly: "I am the emperor's closest kin by marriage—I would never have joined you! He urged the guards to torture him instead. Jin then confessed, and Zhen became famous for this act. He died during the Jiajing reign and was posthumously granted Grand Guardian with the temple name Healthy and Gracious.
42
崇德公主，母楊安妃。 成化二年下嫁楊偉，興濟伯善孫也。 弘治二年薨。
The Princess of Chongde, daughter of Consort Yang An. In Chenghua year 2 she married Yang Wei, grandson of Marquis Shan of Xingji. She died in Hongzhi year 2.
43
廣德公主，母萬宸妃。 成化八年下嫁樊凱。 二十年八月薨。
The Princess of Guangde, daughter of Consort Wan Chen. In Chenghua year 8 she married Fan Kai. She died in the eighth month of year 20.
44
宜興公主，母魏德妃。 成化九年下嫁馬誠。 正德九年薨。
The Princess of Yixing, daughter of Consort Wei De. In Chenghua year 9 she married Ma Cheng. She died in Zhengde year 9.
45
隆慶公主，母高淑妃。 成化九年下嫁遊泰。 十五年薨。
The Princess of Longqing, daughter of Consort Gao Shu. In Chenghua year 9 she married You Tai. She died in year 15.
46
嘉祥公主，母妃劉氏。 成化十三年下嫁黃鏞。 後六年薨。
The Princess of Jiaxiang, daughter of Consort Lady Liu. In Chenghua year 13 she married Huang Yong. She died six years later.
47
景帝一女
The Jing Emperor's one daughter
48
固安公主，英宗復辟，降稱郡主。 成化時，年已長，憲宗以閣臣奏，五年十一月下嫁王憲。 禮儀視公主，以故尚書蹇義賜第賜之。
The Princess of Gu'an. When Yingzong was restored to the throne, her title was reduced to Commandery Mistress. By the Chenghua reign she was already elderly. On the grand secretaries' recommendation, Xianzong had her marry Wang Xian in the eleventh month of year 5. She was accorded the ceremonial honors of a princess, and the former residence of Minister Jian Yi was granted to her.
49
憲宗五女
Xianzong's five daughters
50
永康公主，弘治六年下嫁崔元。 元，代州人，世宗入繼，以迎立功封京山侯，給誥券。 禮部言：「奉迎乃臣子之分，遽膺封爵，無故事。」 帝曰：「永樂初年，太宗入繼大統，駙馬都尉王寧以翊戴功封永春侯，何得言無故事。」 給事中底蘊、御史高越等連章論其不可。 皆不聽。 已，坐張延齡事下詔獄，尋釋。 元好交文士，播聲譽，寵幸優渥，勛臣戚畹莫敢望焉。 嘉靖二十八年卒。 贈左柱國太傅兼太子太傅，謚榮恭。 駙馬封侯贈官不以軍功自元始。 主先元薨。
The Princess of Yongkang married Cui Yuan in Hongzhi year 6. Yuan was from Daizhou. When Shizong took the throne, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Jingshan for his service in welcoming the new emperor and granted a patent of appointment. The Ministry of Rites objected: "Welcoming the emperor is merely a subject's duty. There is no precedent for enfeoffment on that account alone. The emperor replied, "In the early Yongle reign, when Taizong took the throne, Commandant Wang Ning was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yongchun for supporting his accession. How can you say there is no precedent?" Supervising secretaries Di Yun, censor Gao Yue, and others submitted repeated memorials arguing against it. The emperor ignored them all. Later he was imprisoned over the Zhang Yanling affair but was soon released. Yuan cultivated literary circles, built his reputation, and enjoyed lavish favor at court such that no meritorious minister or imperial in-law dared rival him. He died in Jiajing year 28. He was posthumously granted Left Pillar of the State, Grand Tutor, and concurrent Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, with the temple name Glorious and Respectful. From Yuan onward, commandants were enfeoffed as marquises and granted posthumous offices without military merit. The princess died before Yuan.
51
長泰公主，成化二十三年薨，追冊。
The Princess of Changtai died in Chenghua year 23 and was posthumously enfeoffed.
52
仙遊公主，弘治五年薨，追冊。
The Princess of Xianyou died in Hongzhi year 5 and was posthumously enfeoffed.
53
孝宗三女
Xiaozong's three daughters
54
太康公主，弘治十一年薨，未下嫁。
The Princess of Taikang died unmarried in Hongzhi year 11.
55
永福公主，嘉靖二年下嫁鄔景和。 景和，昆山人，嘗奉旨直西苑，撰玄文，以不諳玄理辭。 帝不悅。 時有事清馥殿，在直諸臣俱行祝厘禮，景和不俟禮成而出。 已而賞賚諸臣，景和與焉。 疏言：「無功受賞，懼增罪戾。 乞容辭免，俾洗心滌慮，以效他日馬革裹屍、啣環結草之報。」 帝大怒，謂詛咒失人臣禮，削職歸原籍，時主已薨矣。 三十五年入賀聖誕畢，因言：「臣自五世祖寄籍錦衣衛，世居北地。 今被罪南徙，不勝犬馬戀主之私。 扶服入賀，退而私省公主墳墓，丘封翳然，荊棘不剪。 臣切自念，狐死尚正首丘，臣托命貴主，獨與逝者魂魄相吊於數千里外，不得春秋祭掃，拊心傷悔，五內崩裂。 臣之罪重，不敢祈恩，惟陛下幸哀故主，使得寄籍原衛，長與相依，死無所恨。」 帝憐而許之。 隆慶二年復官。 卒贈少保，謚榮簡。
The Princess of Yongfu married Wu Jinghe in Jiajing year 2. Jinghe was from Kunshan. He had been ordered to serve at the Western Park and compose arcane texts, but declined on the grounds that he did not understand such doctrines. The emperor was displeased. When a blessing ceremony was held at the Qingfu Hall, all ministers on duty performed the rite, but Jinghe left before it was finished. When rewards were later distributed to the ministers, Jinghe was included. He memorialized: "I have received reward without merit and fear this only deepens my guilt. I beg leave to decline, so that I may purify my heart and thoughts and one day repay Your Majesty with my life on the battlefield and the gratitude owed even from beyond the grave. The emperor was furious, declaring that his words amounted to a curse and violated a subject's duty. Jinghe was stripped of office and sent home. The princess had already died. In year 35, after attending the imperial birthday celebration, he said: "Since my fifth-generation ancestor our household has been registered with the Embroidered-Uniform Guard and has long lived in the north. Now condemned and sent south, I cannot overcome my loyal longing for Your Majesty. I came in mourning garb to offer congratulations, then privately visited the princess's tomb. The mound was overgrown and the brambles untrimmed. I reflect deeply that even a fox turns its head toward its home mound at death. I entrusted my life to the noble princess, yet I mourn her spirit alone thousands of li away, unable to perform the spring and autumn sacrifices. My heart is torn with grief and remorse. My guilt is grave and I dare not beg favor. I ask only that Your Majesty pity my late mistress and permit me to register again with my original guard, to remain near her always, and die without regret. The emperor took pity and granted his request. His office was restored in Longqing year 2. At his death he was granted Junior Guardian with the temple name Glorious and Simple.
56
永淳公主，下嫁謝詔。
The Princess of Yongchun married Xie Zhao.
57
睿宗二女
Ruizong's two daughters
58
長寧公主，早薨。
The Princess of Changning died young.
59
善化公主，早薨。 嘉靖四年， 〈（長寧、善化）〉 二主同日追冊。
The Princess of Shanhua died young. In Jiajing year 4, Changning and Shanhua)〉 the two princesses were posthumously enfeoffed on the same day.
60
世宗五女
Shizong's five daughters
61
常安公主，未下嫁。 嘉靖二十八年薨，追冊。
The Princess of Chang'an had not yet married. She died in Jiajing year 28 and was posthumously enfeoffed.
62
思柔公主，後常安主二月薨，年十二，追冊。
The Princess of Sirou died two months after the Chang'an princess, at the age of twelve, and was posthumously enfeoffed.
63
寧安公主，嘉靖三十四年下嫁李和。
The Princess of Ning'an married Li He in Jiajing year 34.
64
歸善公主，嘉靖二十三年薨，追冊，葬祭視太康主。
The Princess of Guishan died in Jiajing year 23 and was posthumously enfeoffed. Her burial and sacrifices followed those of the Taikang princess.
65
嘉善公主，嘉靖三十六年下嫁許從誠。 四十三年薨。
The Princess of Jiashan married Xu Congcheng in Jiajing year 36. She died in year 43.
66
穆宗六女
Muzong's six daughters
67
蓬萊公主，早薨。
The Princess of Penglai died young.
68
太和公主，早薨。 隆慶元年與蓬萊主同日追冊。
The Princess of Taihe died young. In Longqing 1 she and the Penglai princess were posthumously enfeoffed on the same day.
69
壽陽公主，萬歷九年下嫁侯拱辰。 國本議起，拱辰掌宗人府，亦具疏力爭。 卒贈太傅，謚榮康。
The Princess of Shouyang married Hou Gongchen in Wanli year 9. When the debate over the heir apparent arose, Gongchen, as director of the Imperial Clan Court, submitted a forceful memorial in opposition. At his death he was granted Grand Tutor with the temple name Glorious and Healthy.
70
永寧公主，下嫁梁邦瑞。 萬歷三十五年薨。
The Princess of Yongning married Liang Bangrui. She died in Wanli year 35.
71
瑞安公主，神宗同母妹。 萬歷十三年下嫁萬煒。 崇禎時，主累加大長公主。 所產子及庶子長祚、弘祚皆官都督。 煒官至太傅，管宗人府印。 嘗以親臣侍經筵，每文華進講，佩刀入直。 李建泰西征，命煒以太牢告廟，年七十余矣。 國變，同子長祚死於賊。 弘祚投水死，長祚妻李氏亦赴井死。
The Princess of Ruian, Shenzong's younger sister by the same mother. In Wanli year 13 she married Wan Wei. During the Chongzhen reign she was repeatedly promoted to Grand Senior Princess. Her sons and her stepsons Changzuo and Hongzuo all held the rank of commissioner. Wei rose to Grand Tutor and held the seal of the Imperial Clan Court. He had served at the classics lecture as an intimate minister and entered Wenhua Hall for lectures wearing his sword. When Li Jiantai marched west, Wei, though already in his seventies, was ordered to announce the campaign at the ancestral temple with the great sacrifice. When the dynasty fell, he and his son Changzuo were killed by the rebels. Hongzuo drowned himself, and Changzuo's wife Lady Li threw herself into a well.
72
延慶公主，萬歷十五年下嫁王昺。 昺嘗救御史劉光復，觸帝怒，削職。 光宗立，復官。
The Princess of Yanqing married Wang Bing in Wanli year 15. Bing had once rescued Censor Liu Guangfu, provoking the emperor's anger, and was stripped of office. When Guangzong took the throne, his office was restored.
73
神宗十女
Shenzong's ten daughters
74
榮昌公主，萬歷二十四年下嫁楊春元。 四十四年，春元卒。 久之，主薨。
The Princess of Rongchang married Yang Chunyuan in Wanli year 24. Chunyuan died in year 44. Long afterward the princess died as well.
75
壽寧公主，二十七年下嫁冉興讓。 主為神宗所愛，命五日一來朝，恩澤異他主。 崇禎時，洛陽失守，莊烈帝命興讓同太監王裕民、給事中葉高標往慰福世子於河北。 都城陷，興讓死於賊。
The Princess of Shouning married Ran Xingrang in year 27. Shenzong favored this princess and ordered her to attend court every five days. Her privileges exceeded those of all other princesses. During the Chongzhen reign, after Luoyang fell, the Zhuanglie Emperor sent Xingrang together with Eunuch Wang Yumin and Supervising Secretary Ye Gaobiao to comfort the Heir of Fortune in Hebei. When the capital fell, Xingrang was killed by the rebels.
76
靜樂、雲和、雲夢、靈丘、仙居、泰順、香山、天臺八公主，皆早世，追冊。
The eight princesses of Jingle, Yunhe, Yunmeng, Lingqiu, Xianju, Taishun, Xiangshan, and Tiantai all died in infancy and were posthumously enfeoffed.
77
光宗九女
Guangzong's nine daughters
78
懷淑公主，七歲而薨，追冊。
The Princess of Huaishu died at the age of seven and was posthumously enfeoffed.
79
餘五女皆早世，未封。
The remaining five daughters all died in infancy and were never enfeoffed.
80
寧德公主，下嫁劉有福。
The Princess of Ningde married Liu Youfu.
81
樂安公主，下嫁鞏永固。 永固，字洪圖，宛平人，好讀書，負才氣。 崇禎十六年二月，帝召公、侯、伯於德政殿，言：「祖制，勛臣駙馬入監讀書，習武經弓馬。 諸臣各有子弟否？」 成國公朱純臣、定國公徐允禎等皆以幼對。 而永固獨上疏，請肄業太學。 帝褒答之。 總督趙光抃以邊事系獄，特疏申救。 又請復建文皇帝廟謚。 事雖未行，時論韙焉。 甲申春，賊破宣、大，李邦華請太子南遷，為異議所格。 及事急，帝密召永固及新樂侯劉文炳護行。 叩頭言：「親臣不藏甲，臣等難以空手搏賊。」 皆相向涕泣。 十九日，都城陷。 時公主已薨，未葬，永固以黃繩縛子女五人系柩旁，曰：「此帝甥也，不可汙賊手。」 舉劍自刎，闔室自焚死。
The Princess of Le'an married Gong Yonggu. Yonggu, courtesy name Hongtu, was from Wanping. He loved reading and was gifted with literary talent. In the second month of Chongzhen year 16 the emperor summoned dukes, marquises, and earls to the Hall of Virtuous Governance and said, "By ancestral institution, the sons of meritorious ministers and commandants enter the Directorate to study the military classics and train in archery and horsemanship. Do any of you have sons or younger brothers? Duke Zhu Chunchen of Cheng, Duke Xu Yunzhen of Ding, and others replied that their sons were still too young. Yonggu alone submitted a memorial requesting to study at the Imperial Academy. The emperor commended him in reply. When Governor-General Zhao Guangbian was imprisoned over border affairs, Yonggu submitted a special memorial pleading for his release. He also petitioned to restore the temple and posthumous title of Emperor Jianwen. Though neither proposal was adopted, contemporary opinion approved of both. In the spring of jiashen year the rebels captured Xuanfu and Datong. Li Banghua urged the crown prince to relocate south, but dissenting opinion blocked the plan. As the crisis deepened, the emperor secretly summoned Yonggu and Marquis Liu Wenbing of Xinle to escort the crown prince south. They kowtowed and said, "As intimate ministers we are not permitted to keep arms. We cannot fight the rebels empty-handed. All wept facing one another. On the nineteenth day the capital fell. The princess had already died and was not yet buried. Yonggu bound his five children with yellow cord beside the coffin and said, "These are the emperor's kin by marriage. They must not fall into rebel hands. He then ran himself through with his sword, and the entire household burned themselves to death.
82
熹宗二女
Xizong's two daughters
83
皆早世。
Both died in infancy.
84
莊烈帝六女
The Zhuanglie Emperor's six daughters
85
坤儀公主，周皇后生。 追謚。
The Princess of Kunyi, daughter of Empress Zhou. She was granted a posthumous title.
86
長平公主，年十六，帝選周顯尚主。 將婚，以寇警暫停。 城陷，帝入壽寧宮，主牽帝衣哭。 帝曰：「汝何故生我家！」 以劍揮斫之，斷左臂； 又斫昭仁公主於昭仁殿。 越五日，長平主復蘇。 大清順治二年上書言：「九死臣妾，蹐高天，願髡緇空王，稍申罔極。」 詔不許，命顯復尚故主，土田邸第金錢車馬錫予有加。 主涕泣。 逾年病卒。 賜葬廣寧門外。
The Princess of Changping was sixteen when the emperor chose Zhou Xian as her husband. The wedding was imminent but was postponed because of rebel alarms. When the city fell, the emperor entered the Palace of Longevity and Tranquility. The princess clutched his robe and wept. The emperor cried, "Why were you born into this house! He swung his sword and struck her, severing her left arm. He then struck down the Princess of Zhaoren in Zhaoren Hall. Five days later the Changping princess revived. In Shunzhi year 2 of the Great Qing she submitted a letter: "I am a subject who has survived nine deaths, yet I still tread beneath heaven's height. I wish to shave my head and enter the Buddhist order, that I may in some small measure express my boundless grief. An edict refused her request and ordered Xian to marry her again. Fields, residences, money, carriages, and horses were bestowed upon them in abundance. The princess wept bitterly. A little over a year later she died of illness. She was granted burial outside Guangning Gate.
87
餘三女，皆早世，無考。
The remaining three daughters all died in infancy; no further record survives.