1
南齊書卷三十一‧列傳第十二
Book of the Southern Qi, Volume 31 — Biography 12
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江謐荀伯玉
Jiang Mi; Xun Boyu
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江謐字令和，濟陽考城人也。 祖秉之，臨海太守，宋世清吏。 父徽，尚書都官郎，吳令，爲太初所殺。 謐繫尚方，孝武平京邑，乃得出。 解褐奉朝請，輔國行參軍，于湖令，強濟稱職。 宋明帝爲南豫州，謐傾身奉之，爲帝所親待。 卽位，以爲驃騎參軍。 弟蒙貌醜，帝常召見狎侮之。
Jiang Mi, styled Linghe, was a man of Kaocheng in Jiyang. His grandfather Bingzhi had been administrator of Linhai, a scrupulous officer under the Song. His father Hui served as an aide in the ministry of works' punishment bureau and as magistrate of Wu, and was slain in the Taichu reign. Mi was detained in the imperial workshops; when Emperor Xiaowu pacified the capital he was let out. On leaving lacquer he became attendant at court, acting aide to the general who supports the state, and magistrate of Yuhu—bold and capable, he was held to have done the office justice. When Emperor Ming of Song was posted at Southern Yu, Mi threw himself into the prince's service and won intimate favor. When the emperor took the throne, Mi was named aide to the general who spreads might. His younger brother Meng had an ugly face; the emperor would often call him in to tease him familiarly.
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謐轉尚書度支郎，俄遷右丞，兼比部郎。 泰始四年，江夏王義恭第十五女卒，年十九，未笄。 禮官議從成人服，諸王服大功。 左丞孫敻重奏：「《禮記》女子十五而笄，鄭云應年許嫁者也。 其未許嫁者，則二十而笄。 射慈云十九猶爲殤。 禮官違越經典，於禮無據。」 博士太常以下結免贖論； 謐坐杖督五十，奪勞百日。 謐又奏：「敻先不研辨，混同謬議。 准以事例，亦宜及咎。」 敻又結免贖論。 詔「可」。
Mi was transferred to revenue aide in the ministry, then soon made right vice director, with added duty in the comparison bureau. In the fourth year of Taishi, the fifteenth daughter of Prince of Jiangxia Yigong died at nineteen, before she had been capped. The ritual officers argued for the dress of a full adult; the princes were to wear dafu mourning. Left vice director Sun Xuan memorialized again: 「The Book of Rites caps a girl at fifteen; Zheng Xuan says that is the year when she ought to be pledged in marriage. If she has not been pledged, she is capped at twenty. She Ci holds that at nineteen one is still in shang mourning. The ritual officers have overstepped the canon and have no footing in ritual. 」The erudites and the grand steward down banded together for exemption by ransom; Mi was sentenced to fifty blows with the staff and stripped of merit credit for a hundred days. Mi memorialized again: 「Xuan earlier failed to examine the matter and mingled his name with the mistaken opinion. By precedent he too should share the blame. 」Xuan again banded together for exemption by ransom. An edict said: 「Approved.」
5
出爲建平王景素冠軍長史、長沙內史，行湘州事。 政治苛刻。 僧遵道人與謐情款，隨謐莅郡，犯小事，餓繫郡獄，僧遵裂三衣食之，旣盡而死。 爲有司所奏，徵還。 明帝崩，遇赦得免。 爲正員郎，右軍將軍。
He went out as chief clerk to Prince of Jianping Jingsu under the general who commands champions, interior administrator of Changsha, and acting head of Xiang affairs. His rule was harsh and exacting. The monk Seng Zun was intimate with Mi and followed him to the prefecture; for a petty offense he was starved and held in the county jail. Seng Zun tore his three layers of clothing to feed him; when they were spent he died. The relevant offices impeached him and he was recalled. When Emperor Ming died, he was spared by the general amnesty. He became a regular-ranked attendant and general of the right army.
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太祖領南兖州，謐爲鎮軍長史、廣陵太守，入爲游擊將軍。 性流俗，善趨勢利。 元徽末，朝野咸屬意建平王景素，謐深自委結，景素事敗，僅得免禍。 蒼梧王廢後，物情尚懷疑惑，謐獨竭誠歸事太祖，以本官領尚書左丞。 昇明元年，遷黃門侍郎，左丞如故。 沈攸之事起，議加太祖黃鉞，謐所建也。 事平，遷吏部郎，稍被親待。 遷太尉諮議，領錄事參軍。 齊臺建，爲右衞將軍。 建元元年，遷侍中，出爲臨川王平西長史、冠軍將軍、長沙內史、行湘州留事，先遣之鎮，旣而驃騎豫章王嶷領湘州，以謐爲長史，將軍、內史、知州留事如故。 封永新縣伯，四百戶。 三年，爲左民尚書。 諸皇子出閤用文武主帥，皆以委謐。 尋敕曰：「江謐寒士，誠當不得競等華儕。 然甚有才幹，堪爲委遇，可遷掌吏部。」
When the Founder held Southern Yan, Mi was chief clerk of the army that guards the state and administrator of Guangling, then entered court as general of raiding attack. By nature he was commonplace and skilled at courting power and profit. Late in the Yuanhui era court and countryside alike looked to Prince of Jianping Jingsu; Mi threw himself into a deep bond with him. When Jingsu's affair failed he barely escaped ruin. After the Prince of Cangwu was deposed, popular feeling still hung in doubt; Mi alone gave himself wholly to the Founder and, in his present office, also led the ministry as left vice director. In the first year of Shengming he was moved to gentleman of the yellow gate, left vice director unchanged. When Shen Youzhi rose, the grant of the golden battle-axe to the Founder was Mi's proposal. When the affair was settled he was moved to director of the ministry of personnel and gradually won intimate favor. He was moved to adviser of the grand marshal and led the recording aide. When the Qi regime was established he became general of the right guard. In the first year of Jianyuan he was moved to attendant, then went out as chief clerk on Prince of Linchuan's western-campaign staff, general who commands champions, interior administrator of Changsha, and acting head of Xiang while remaining in the province. He was sent to the command first; soon after, Prince of Yuzhang Liao took Xiang, and Mi was made his chief clerk, with general, interior administrator, and charge of the province while remaining unchanged. He was enfeoffed baron of Yongxin, four hundred households. In the third year he became minister of the left populace. Whenever the imperial sons left the inner quarters and needed civil and military commanders, the choice fell to Mi. Soon an edict said: 「Jiang Mi is a man of humble birth and truly ought not to vie with the splendid peers. Yet he is very able and fit to be entrusted; he may be moved to head the ministry of personnel.」
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謐才長刀筆，所在事辦。 太祖崩，謐稱疾不入，衆頗疑其怨不豫顧命也。 世祖卽位，謐又不遷官，以此怨望。 時世祖不豫，謐詣豫章王嶷請閒曰：「至尊非起疾，東宮又非才，公今欲作何計？」 世祖知之，出謐爲征虜將軍、鎮北長史、南東海太守。 未發，上使御史中丞沈沖奏謐前後罪曰：「謐少懷輕躁，長習諂薄，交無義合，行必利動。 特以奕世更局，見擢宋朝，而阿諛內外，貨賂公行，咎盈憲簡，戾彰朝聽，輿金輦寶，取容近習。 以沈攸之地勝兵強，終當得志，委心託身，歲暮相結。 以劉景素親屬望重，物應樂推，獻誠薦子，窺窬非望。 時艱網漏，得全首領。 太祖匡飭天地，方弘遠圖，薄其難洗之瑕，許其革音之效，加以非分之寵，推以不次之榮，列迹勳良，比肩朝德。 以往者微勤，刀筆小用，賞廁河山，任忝出入。 輕險之性，在貴彌彰； 貪昧之情，雖富無滿。 重莅湘部，顯行斷盜； 及居銓衡，肆意受納。 連席同乘，皆詖黷舊侶； 密筵閑讌，必貨賄常客。 理合升進者，以爲己惠； 事宜貶退者，竝稱中旨。 謂販鬻威權，姦自不露，欺主罔上，謗議可掩。 先帝寢疾彌留，人神憂震。 謐託病私舍，曾無變容。 國諱經旬，甫蹔入殿，參訪遺詔，覘忖時旨。 以身列朝流，宜蒙兼帶，先顧不逮，舊位無加，遂崇飾惡言，肆醜縱悖，譏誹朝政，訕毀皇猷，徧蚩忠賢，歷詆台相。 至於蕃岳入授，列代恒規，勳戚出撫，前王彝則。 而謐妄發樞機，坐構囂論。 復敢貶謗儲后，不顧辭端，毀折宗王，每窮舌杪。 皆云誥誓乖禮，崇樹失宜，仰指天，俯畫地，希幸災故，以申積憤。 犯上之迹旣彰，反噬之情已著。 請免官削爵土，收送廷尉獄治罪。」 詔賜死，時年五十二。
Mi's talent lay in clerical and legal work; wherever he was posted, affairs were handled. When the Founder died, Mi claimed illness and did not attend; many suspected he resented not being named in the deathbed testament. When Shizu took the throne, Mi was again not promoted, and from this he bore resentment. At the time Shizu was unwell; Mi went to Prince of Yuzhang Liao and asked for a private word, saying: 「The Supreme One is not recovering from his illness, and the eastern-palace heir lacks talent—what plan do you intend now? 」Shizu learned of it and sent Mi out as general who campaigns against barbarians, chief clerk of the army that guards the north, and administrator of Southern Donghai. Before he set out, the throne had the censor-in-chief Shen Chong impeach Mi's offenses past and present, saying: 「From youth Mi has harbored levity and rashness; grown, he has made a habit of flattery and shallowness. His associations lack righteous bond; his conduct always follows profit. His line had merely ridden a change of dynasties into Song service, yet he flattered court and camp alike, bribes ran in the open, fault piled up in the statutes, outrage broke through at every hearing, and he hauled gold and jewels to buy favor from the emperor's intimates. When Shen Youzhi held rich lands and a strong army, Mi judged that he would prevail in the end and threw in his lot, binding himself to him as the year closed. When Liu Jingsu, Prince Jingsu of Jianping, stood high in kinship and men were ready to lift him, Mi offered his loyalty, pushed forward his son, and eyed what was not his to take. In those troubled days the law had gaps, and he alone kept his head. The founding emperor was setting heaven and earth in order and laying distant plans; he passed over stains that would not wash clean, credited Mi with a change of heart, heaped on him favor beyond his due, raised him to honors out of turn, and ranked him among the meritorious, shoulder to shoulder with the court's best. For trifling past service and a knack with the brush he was enfeoffed among river and hill, and given posts he was unfit to hold at court. His reckless, treacherous temper grew only sharper once he rose; his greed, for all his wealth, was never filled. Posted again to Xiang, he openly plundered and stole; and once he held the ministry scales he took gifts as he pleased. Whoever shared his mat or his carriage was an old crony grown bold in presumption; at private feasts he always paid off the men who kept coming back. Men who deserved promotion he treated as personal debts owed to him; men who ought to fall he dismissed as carrying out the throne's will. He believed he could trade in power without exposure, deceive his sovereign and hoodwink his superiors, and smother every whisper against him. When the late emperor lay long in his sickness, heaven and earth trembled with fear. Mi pleaded illness at home and never once altered his face. Not until mourning had run ten days did he slip into the hall, inquire after the testament, and probe what the moment would bear. As a man of standing in court he should have gained added offices; when favor passed him by and his old rank stood still, he dressed up malice, let loose every ugly excess, mocked the government, defamed the throne's design, slandered loyal men wherever he could, and tore down the ministers one after another. Princes entering court to receive their charge was the rule of age after age; kinsmen of merit going out to govern was the law the former kings had set. Yet Mi meddled with the hinges of power and sat stirring noisy quarrels. He dared again to run down the heir, reckless of how far his words went, and bent and broke the imperial princes until his tongue had no room left to twist. He cried that edicts and oaths broke ritual, that honors and appointments were wrong; he pointed at heaven, traced lines on the earth, and prayed for disaster to pour out the spite he had stored up. His defiance of superiors was plain to see; his urge to turn and bite was plain as well. We ask that he be removed from office, stripped of his fief, seized, and sent to the Minister of Justice for trial. 」An edict ordered him to take his own life. He was fifty-two.
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子介，建武中，爲吳令，治亦深切。 民閒榜死人髑髏爲謐首，介棄官而去。
His son Jie, in the Jianwu reign, served as magistrate of Wu, and governed with the same harsh hand. In the streets someone nailed up a dead man's skull as Mi's head; Jie threw down his office and fled.
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荀伯玉字弄璋，廣陵人也。 祖永，南譙太守，父闡之，給事中。
Xun Boyu, styled Nongzhang, came from Guangling. His grandfather Yong had been administrator of Southern Qiao; his father Chanzhi, attendant-in-ordinary.
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伯玉少爲柳元景撫軍板行參軍，南徐州祭酒，晉安王子勛鎮軍行參軍。 泰始初，子勛舉事，伯玉友人孫沖爲將帥，伯玉隷其驅使，封新亭侯。 事敗，伯玉還都賣卜自業。 建平王景素聞而招之，伯玉不往。
Young, Boyu served as acting adjutant on Liu Yuanyuan's pacifier-army staff, as libationer of southern Xuzhou, and as acting adjutant on the stabilizing army of Prince Zixun of Jin'an. When Taishi opened, Zixun rose in rebellion; Boyu's friend Sun Chong took command, and Boyu rode under him and was enfeoffed Marquis of Xinting. When the cause collapsed, Boyu went back to the capital and made his living casting lots. Prince Jingsu of Jianping heard of him and called him in; Boyu would not go.
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太祖鎮淮陰，伯玉歸身結事，爲太祖冠軍刑獄參軍。 太祖爲明帝所疑，及徵爲黃門郎，深懷憂慮。 伯玉勸太祖遣數十騎入虜界，安置標榜，於是虜游騎數百履行界上，太祖以聞，猶懼不得留，令伯玉卜，伯玉斷卦不成行，而明帝詔果復太祖本任，由是見親待。 從太祖還都，除奉朝請。 令伯玉看宅，知家事。 世祖罷廣興還，立別宅，遣人於大宅掘樹數株，伯玉不與，馳以聞。 太祖曰：「卿執之是也。」 轉太祖平南府，晉熙王府參軍。 太祖爲南兖州，伯玉轉爲上鎮軍中兵參軍，帶廣陵令。 除羽林監，不拜。
While the founding emperor was posted at Huaiyin, Boyu threw himself on his service and became adjutant for prisons under the champion army. The founding emperor fell under Emperor Ming's suspicion; when the summons came to make him a yellow gate gentleman, his heart was full of dread. Boyu urged him to send a few dozen riders into the northern marches and set up boundary markers; soon hundreds of enemy patrols were riding the line. The founding emperor reported it, yet still feared the court would recall him and had Boyu cast the hexagrams; Boyu read that the journey would not succeed, and Emperor Ming's edict in fact restored him to his old command. From that day he was held close. When the founding emperor returned to the capital, Boyu was made a palace scholar. The founding emperor set him to watch the mansion and run the household. When Shizu left Guangxing and came back he built a separate house and sent men to dig up several trees from the main estate; Boyu refused and rode at once to report it. The founding emperor said, 「You were right to stand firm. 」He was moved to the pacify-the-south headquarters and made staff officer in the Prince of Jinxi's household. When the founding emperor took southern Yanzhou, Boyu became adjutant of the upper camp and served concurrently as magistrate of Guangling. He was named director of the feathered forest and declined the post.
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初，太祖在淮南，伯玉假還廣陵，夢上廣陵城南樓上，有二青衣小兒語伯玉云：「草中肅，九五相追逐。」 伯玉視城下人頭上皆有草。 泰始七年，伯玉又夢太祖乘船在廣陵北渚，見上兩掖下有翅不舒。 伯玉問何當舒，上曰：「却後三年。」 伯玉夢中自謂是呪師，向上唾呪之，凡六呪，有六龍出，兩掖下翅皆舒，還而復斂。 元徽二年，而太祖破桂陽，威名大震。 五年而廢蒼梧。 太祖謂伯玉曰：「卿時乘之夢，今且效矣。」
Early on, while the founding emperor was in Huainan, Boyu went home on leave to Guangling and dreamed he stood on the city's south tower; two boys in blue called to him, 「Amid the grass, su—nine-fives in pursuit. 」He looked down and saw every man in the streets with grass on his head. In Taishi year seven he dreamed again that the founding emperor sailed a boat at Guangling's north ford, wings folded under both arms. Boyu asked when they would open; the emperor said, 「Three years hence. 」In the dream Boyu thought himself a curse-master, spat six curses upward, six dragons rose, the wings under both arms opened, then folded shut again. In Yuanhui year two the founding emperor broke Guiyang, and his name thundered across the realm. Five years on, the throne cast down the Deposed Emperor of Cangwu. The Grand Ancestor told Boyu: 「That dream of yours about riding—see how it is being fulfilled.」
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昇明初，仍爲太祖驃騎中兵參軍，除步兵校尉，不拜。 仍帶濟陽太守，中兵如故。 霸業旣建，伯玉忠勤盡心，常衞左右。 加前軍將軍。 隨太祖太尉府轉中兵，將軍、太守如故。 建元元年，封南豐縣子，四百戶。 轉輔國將軍，武陵王征虜司馬，太守如故。 徙爲安成王冠軍司馬，轉豫章王司空諮議，太守如故。
When Shengming opened he again held central-troop aide in the Grand Ancestor's marshal staff; Colonel of the Footsoldiers was offered, and he declined. He still carried Jiyang as concurrent prefect; his central-troop duty was unchanged. When the founding cause was won, Boyu gave himself over in loyal, tireless service and never left the Grand Ancestor's side. He was raised to Front Army General. With the Grand Ancestor's transfer to the Grand Commandant's office, Boyu moved to the central troops; his general's title and prefecture stayed the same. In Jianyuan's first year he was enfeoffed Viscount of Nanfeng, with four hundred households. He became General Who Assists the State and army aide to the Prince of Wuling on the Pacify-the-Barbarians staff, still holding his prefecture. He was shifted to champion aide for the Prince of Ancheng, then to staff adviser to the Prince of Yuzhang as Minister of Works, with his prefecture unchanged.
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世祖在東宮，專斷用事，頗不如法。 任左右張景真，使領東宮主衣食官穀帛，賞賜什物，皆御所服用。 景真於南澗寺捨身齋，有元徽紫皮袴褶，餘物稱是。 於樂遊設會，伎人皆著御衣。 又度絲錦與崑崙舶營貨，輙使傳令防送過南州津。 世祖拜陵還，景真白服乘畫舴艋，坐胡牀，觀者咸疑是太子。 內外祗畏，莫敢有言。 伯玉謂親人曰：「太子所爲，官終不知，豈得顧死蔽官耳目。 我不啓聞，誰應啓者？」 因世祖拜陵後密啓之。 上大怒，檢校東宮。 世祖還至方山，日暮將泊。 豫章王於東府乘飛東迎，具白上怒之意。 世祖夜歸，上亦停門籥待之，二更盡，方入宮。 上明日遣文惠太子、聞喜公子良宣敕，以景真罪狀示世祖。 稱太子令，收景真殺之。 世祖憂懼，稱疾月餘日。 上怒不解。 晝卧太陽殿，王敬則直入，叩頭啓上曰：「官有天下日淺，太子無事被責，人情恐懼，願官往東宮解釋之。」 太祖乃幸宮，召諸王以下於玄圃園爲家宴，致醉乃還。
While Shizu was crown prince he ruled the Eastern Palace by fiat, and much of what he did sat outside the law. He put his favorite Zhang Jingzhen in charge of the Eastern Palace commissaries for food, clothing, grain, and cloth; every gift and good was of the kind reserved for the inner palace. Jingzhen took a body-offering fast at Nanjian Temple in Yuanhui purple leather coat and trousers, with the rest of his gear to match. He held a feast at Leyou, and every performer wore robes from the imperial wardrobe. He also shipped silk brocade to Kunlun merchant vessels for trade, and each time had runners posted to see the cargo through the Southern Province crossing. On Shizu's return from the tombs, Jingzhen went in white, rode a painted skiff, and lolled on a camp-chair; the crowd mistook him for the crown prince. Court and capital alike stood in awe, and no one dared raise a word. Boyu told his family: 「The crown prince is doing what the throne will never hear of in the end—who dies to blind the court to it? If I do not speak, who will?」 So after Shizu came back from the tombs he sent a secret memorial. The throne flew into a rage and sent men to search the Eastern Palace. Shizu came back as far as Mount Fang and at dusk meant to put in. The Prince of Yuzhang came out from the Eastern Mansion on Flying East to meet him and told him plainly how furious the throne was. Shizu came in by night; the throne kept the gates barred open for him, and not until the second watch was spent did he enter the palace. Next day the throne sent Crown Prince Wenhu and Prince Ziliang of Wenxi to read the edict and lay Jingzhen's crimes before Shizu. In the crown prince's name they took Jingzhen in and killed him. Shizu lived in fear and pleaded illness for more than a month. The throne's wrath would not break. At noon he lay down in the Hall of the Great Sun. Wang Jingze walked straight in, kowtowed, and said: 「Your Majesty has had the realm only a little while; the crown prince was punished without cause, and hearts are afraid—go to the Eastern Palace and make peace. 」The Grand Ancestor then went to the palace, called every prince down to a family feast in the Mystic Garden, and left only when all were drunk.
15
上嘉伯玉盡心，愈見親信，軍國密事，多委使之。 時人爲之語曰：「十敕五令，不如荀伯玉命。」 世祖深怨伯玉。 上臨崩，指伯玉謂世祖曰：「此人事我忠，我身後，人必爲其作口過，汝勿信也。 可令往東宮長侍白澤，小却以南兖州處之。」
The throne prized Boyu's wholehearted service and drew him closer still; military and state secrets went largely through his hands. A saying ran: 「Ten throne edicts and five orders weigh less than one word from Xun Boyu. 」Shizu hated Boyu to the bone. On his deathbed the throne pointed at Boyu and told Shizu: 「This man was loyal to me; after I am gone men will surely slander him—do not heed them. Send him to the Eastern Palace as chief attendant to Baize; later, with a small step down, give him southern Yanzhou.」
16
伯玉遭父憂，除冠軍將軍、南濮陽太守，未拜，除黃門郎，本官如故。 世祖轉爲豫章王太尉諮議，太守如故。 俄遷散騎常侍，太守如故。 伯玉憂懼無計，上聞之，以其與垣崇祖善，慮相扇爲亂，加意撫之，伯玉乃安。 永明元年，垣崇祖誅，伯玉并伏法。
In mourning for his father Boyu was named Champion General and southern Puyang; before he took up the post he was named Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, his other titles unchanged. Shizu, as Prince of Yuzhang and Grand Commandant, named him staff adviser; his prefecture was unchanged. Before long he was shifted to Regular Attendant, still holding his prefecture. Boyu was trapped in fear. The throne heard of it; knowing his tie to Yuan Chongzu, he feared the two would rouse each other to revolt and soothed him with special care—only then did Boyu grow calm. In Yongming's first year Yuan Chongzu was killed, and Boyu died by the same sentence.
17
初，善相墓者見伯玉家墓，謂其父曰：「當出暴貴而不久也。」 伯玉後聞之，曰：「朝聞道，夕死可矣。」 死時年五十。
Earlier a tomb-reader saw the Boyu family burial and told his father: 「This house will rise to sudden glory—and not keep it long.」 」When Boyu heard it later he said: 「Hear the Way at dawn, and dusk is time enough to die.」 He was fifty at his death.
18
史臣曰：君老不事太子，義烈之遺訓也。 欲夫專心所奉，在節無貳，雖人子之親，尚宜自別，則偏黨爲論，豈或傍啓。 察江、荀之行也，雖異術而同亡。 以古道而居今世，難乎免矣。
The historiographer writes: The elder who will not serve the crown prince—that is the fierce lesson the principled leave behind. Fix the heart on the lord you serve, with loyalty that brooks no second master—even a son's bond should be set apart; how then make faction the plea, or whisper through another's door? Weigh Jiang's path and Xun's: different arts, the same fall. Live by the ancient way in the present age—who escapes the end they met?
19
贊曰：謐口禍門，荀言亟盡。 時清主異，幷合同殞。 [1]
The encomium runs: Mi's mouth opened the gate of ruin; Xun's counsel ran out too soon. Times were orderly, yet master and man pulled apart—and both went down as one. [1] Endnote marker.
20
全文以中華書局、一九七二年一月版《南齊書》爲本校。
The entire text has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Southern Qi (January 1972).