1
武帝少帝
Emperor Wu and Emperor Shao.
2
嘗游京口竹林寺，獨臥講堂前，上有五色龍章，眾僧見之，驚以白帝，帝獨喜曰：「上人無妄言。」 皇考墓在丹徒之候山，其地秦史所謂曲阿、丹徒間有天子氣者也。 時有孔恭者，妙善占墓，帝嘗與經墓，欺之曰：「此墓何如？」 孔恭曰：「非常地也。」 帝由是益自負。 行止時見二小龍附翼，樵漁山澤，同侶或亦睹焉。 及貴，龍形更大。
Once, on a visit to Zhulin Temple at Jingkou, he lay alone before the lecture hall. Above him appeared a five-colored dragon pattern. The monks, startled, reported it to him; he alone was pleased and said, "The master speaks no falsehood." His father's tomb lay at Houshan in Dantu, in the very region that Qin dynasty chronicles described as breathing the aura of an imperial destiny between Qu'e and Dantu. There was a man named Kong Gong who was skilled at reading tombs by divination. The Emperor once passed the tomb with him and put him to the test, asking, "What do you make of this tomb?" Kong Gong replied, "This is no ordinary ground." From this the Emperor grew all the more confident in himself. As he traveled, he would sometimes see two small dragons flanking his sides. When he gathered firewood or fished in the hills and marshes, his companions sometimes saw them too. After he rose to high rank, the dragons appeared larger still.
3
帝素貧，時人莫能知，唯琅邪王謐獨深敬焉。 帝嘗負刁逵社錢三萬，經時無以還，被逵執，謐密以己錢代償，由是得釋。 後伐荻新洲，見大蛇長數丈，射之，傷。 明日復至洲，裏聞有杵臼聲，往覘之，見童子數人皆青衣，於榛中搗藥。 問其故，答曰：「我王為劉寄奴所射，合散傅之。」 帝曰：「王神何不殺之？」 答曰：「劉寄奴王者不死，不可殺。」 帝叱之，皆散，仍收藥而反。 又經客下邳逆旅，會一沙門謂帝曰：「江表當亂，安之者，其在君乎。」 帝先患手創，積年不愈，沙門有一黃藥，因留與帝，既而忽亡，帝以黃散傅之，其創一傅而愈。 寶其餘及所得童子藥，每遇金創，傅之並驗。
The Emperor had always been poor, and few in his day could see what he would become—only Wang Mi of Langya treated him with deep respect. The Emperor once owed Diao Kui thirty thousand in community-district funds. Unable to repay after a long while, he was seized by Kui. Mi secretly paid the debt with his own money and secured his release. Later, while cutting rushes on Xinzhou, he saw a great serpent several zhang in length, shot it, and wounded it. The next day he returned to the islet. From within he heard mortar and pestle at work. Going to look, he found several youths in green garments pounding medicine among the hazel thickets. He asked what they were doing. They answered, "Our king was shot by Liu Jigong; we are mixing a poultice to dress the wound." The Emperor said, "If your king is a spirit, why not kill me?" They answered, "Liu Jigong is a king who cannot die. He cannot be killed." The Emperor shouted at them, and they all vanished. He took the medicine anyway and went back. On another occasion, stopping at a traveler's inn below Xiapi, he met a monk who told him, "The lands south of the Yangtze will soon fall into turmoil. The one who will restore order—is it not you?" The Emperor had long suffered from a hand wound that would not heal for years. The monk gave him a yellow salve and then suddenly vanished. He applied the powder once, and the wound healed. He kept what remained of that salve, together with the medicine taken from the youths, and whenever he suffered a blade or spear wound, applying it never failed.
4
初為冠軍孫無終司馬。 晉隆安三年十一月，祅賊孫恩作亂于會稽，朝廷遣衛將軍謝琰、前將軍劉牢之東討。 牢之請帝參府軍事，命與數十人覘賊，遇賊眾數千，帝便與戰，所將人多死，而帝奮長刀，所殺傷甚眾。 牢之子敬宣疑帝為賊所困，乃輕騎尋之； 既而眾騎並至，遂平山陰，恩遁入海。
His first appointment was as Major on the staff of Champion General Sun Wuzhong. In the eleventh month of the third year of Long'an, the sorcerer-rebel Sun En rose in rebellion at Kuaiji. The court dispatched General of the Guard Xie Yan and Forward General Liu Laozhi to campaign against him in the east. Laozhi asked the Emperor to serve on his staff and sent him with a few dozen men to scout the rebels. They ran into thousands of enemy troops. The Emperor fought at once. Most of his men were killed, but swinging a long blade he cut down a great many of the enemy. Laozhi's son Jingxuan feared the Emperor had been surrounded and rode out with a light escort to find him. Before long the rest of the cavalry arrived, Shanyin was pacified, and En fled out to sea.
5
四年五月，恩復入會稽，殺謝琰。 十一月，牢之復東征，使帝戍句章，句章城小人少，帝每戰陷陣，賊乃退還浹口。 時東伐諸將，士卒暴掠，百姓皆苦之，惟帝獨無所犯。
In the fifth month of the fourth year En returned to Kuaiji and killed Xie Yan. In the eleventh month Laozhi marched east again and posted the Emperor at Gouzhang. Gouzhang was a small city with few defenders, but each time the Emperor broke the enemy line the rebels fell back to Jiakou. At that time the eastern campaign generals allowed their troops to plunder at will, and the people suffered greatly. Only under the Emperor's command were no outrages committed.
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五年春，恩頻攻句章，帝屢破之，恩復入海。 三月，恩北出海鹽，帝築城於故海鹽，賊日來攻城，城內兵少，帝乃選敢死士擊走之。 時雖連勝，帝深慮眾寡不敵，乃一夜偃旗示以羸弱，觀其懈，乃奮擊，大破之。 恩知城不可下，進向滬瀆，帝棄城追之。 海鹽令鮑陋遣子嗣之以吳兵一千為前驅，帝以吳人不習戰，命之在後，不從。 是夜帝多設奇兵，兼置旗鼓，明日戰，伏發，賊退，嗣之追奔陷沒。 帝且退且戰，麾下死傷將盡，乃至向處止，令左右解取死人衣以示暇。 賊疑尚有伏，乃引去。 六月，恩浮海至丹徒，帝兼行與俱至，奔擊大破之。 恩至建鄴，知朝廷有備，遂走鬱洲。 八月，晉帝以帝為下邳太守。 帝又追恩至鬱洲及海鹽，頻破之。 恩自是饑饉，奔臨海。
In the spring of the fifth year En repeatedly assaulted Gouzhang. The Emperor repulsed him again and again, and En once more fled to sea. In the third month En came north from Haiyan. The Emperor built a fort at old Haiyan. The rebels attacked every day, but with few troops inside the walls he chose dare-to-die warriors and beat them back. Though he had won repeatedly, the Emperor still feared he could not hold against superior numbers. One night he lowered his banners to feign weakness; when he saw the enemy relax, he charged and broke them completely. En saw the city could not be taken and marched toward Huddu. The Emperor abandoned the fort and pursued. Bao Lou, magistrate of Haiyan, sent his son Sizhi ahead with a thousand Wu troops. The Emperor, believing the Wu men poor fighters, ordered them to the rear, but they refused. That night the Emperor laid many ambushes and set drums and banners. When battle came the next day, the trap closed, the rebels fled, and Sizhi's pursuit ended in disaster. The Emperor fought as he withdrew until his followers were nearly all killed or wounded. When he reached the place where he had halted earlier, he ordered his men to strip clothing from the dead to show he still had time to spare. The rebels suspected another ambush and withdrew. In the sixth month En came by sea to Dantu. The Emperor marched at speed, caught up with him, charged, and broke him completely. En reached Jianye, found the court ready, and fled to Yuzhou. In the eighth month the Jin emperor appointed him Governor of Xiapi. The Emperor pursued En again to Yuzhou and Haiyan and defeated him repeatedly. Thereafter En, weakened by famine, fled to Linhai.
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元興元年，荊州刺史桓玄舉兵東下，驃騎將軍司馬元顯遣牢之拒之，帝又參其軍事。 玄至，帝請擊之，牢之不許，乃遣子敬宣詣玄請和。 帝與東海何無忌並固諫，不從。 玄克建鄴，以牢之為會稽內史。 牢之懼，招帝於廣陵舉兵，帝曰：「人情去矣，廣陵亦豈可得之？」 牢之竟縊於新洲。 何無忌謂帝曰：「我將何之？」 帝曰：「可隨我還京口。 玄必守臣節，當與卿事之； 不然，與卿圖之。」
In the first year of Yuanxing, Jingzhou Inspector Huan Xuan raised an army and marched east. Cavalry General Sima Yuansian sent Laozhi to oppose him, and the Emperor again served on his staff. When Xuan arrived, the Emperor urged an attack. Laozhi refused and sent his son Jingxuan to Xuan to sue for peace. The Emperor and He Wuji of Donghai pleaded with him together, but Laozhi would not listen. Xuan captured Jianye and appointed Laozhi Interior Prefect of Kuaiji. Laozhi, afraid, summoned the Emperor to Guangling to raise troops. The Emperor said, "The people's hearts are already gone. Even Guangling could not be held." Laozhi ended by hanging himself at Xinzhou. He Wuji asked the Emperor, "Where am I to go?" The Emperor answered, "Return with me to Jingkou. Xuan will surely keep faith as a minister, and we can serve him together. Otherwise we shall plot against him together."
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玄從兄修以撫軍將軍鎮丹徒，以帝為中兵參軍。 孫恩自敗後，懼見獲，乃投水死於臨海，餘眾推恩妹夫盧循為主。 玄復遣帝東征。
Xuan's older cousin Xiu, serving as Pacifying Army General at Dantu, appointed the Emperor Army Headquarters Aide. After his defeat Sun En, fearing capture, drowned himself at Linhai. The survivors made En's brother-in-law Lu Xun their leader. Xuan once more dispatched the Emperor on an eastern campaign.
9
二年，循奔永嘉，帝追破之。 六月，加帝彭城內史。
In the second year Lu Xun fled to Yongjia, and the Emperor pursued and defeated him. In the sixth month he was additionally appointed Interior Prefect of Pengcheng.
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十二月，桓玄篡位，遷晉帝于尋陽。 桓修入朝，帝從至建鄴，玄見帝，謂司徒王謐曰：「昨見劉裕，風骨不恒，蓋人傑也。」 每遊集，贈賜甚厚。 玄妻劉氏，尚書令耽之女也，聰明有智鑒，嘗見帝，因謂玄曰：「劉裕龍行虎步，視瞻不凡，恐必不為人下，宜早為其所。」 玄曰：「我方平蕩中原，非裕莫可，待關、隴平定，然後議之。」
In the twelfth month Huan Xuan usurped the throne and moved the Jin emperor to Xunyang. Huan Xiu went to court, and the Emperor followed him to Jianye. When Xuan saw the Emperor, he told Minister over the Masses Wang Mi, "Yesterday I saw Liu Yu. His bearing is unlike that of ordinary men. He is clearly a hero." At every gathering he lavished gifts upon him. Xuan's wife, Lady Liu, was the daughter of Director of the Masters of Writing Dan. Clever and sharp-eyed, she once saw the Emperor and told Xuan, "Liu Yu walks like a dragon and steps like a tiger, and his gaze is not that of an ordinary man. I fear he will never serve under another. You should remove him while you still can." Xuan said, "I am just now pacifying the Central Plains, and none but Yu can serve me there. Wait until Guan and Long are settled, and then we shall discuss it."
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修尋還京口，帝托以金創疾動，不堪步從，乃與無忌同船共還，建興復計，及弟道規、沛國劉毅、平昌孟昶、任城魏詠之、高平檀憑之、琅邪諸葛長人、太原王元德、隴西辛扈興、東莞童厚之，並同義謀。 時桓修弟弘為青州刺史，鎮廣陵，道規為弘中兵參軍，昶為州主簿，乃令毅就昶謀共襲弘。 長人為豫州刺史刁逵左軍府參軍，謀據曆陽相應，元德、厚之謀於建鄴攻玄，克期齊發。
Before long Xiu returned to Jingkou. The Emperor pleaded that an old wound had reopened and he could not keep up on foot, and he and Wuji sailed back together. At Jianxing they renewed their plans with his brother Daogui, Liu Yi of Pei, Meng Chang of Pingchang, Wei Yongzhi of Rencheng, Tan Pingzhi of Gaoping, Zhuge Changren of Langya, Wang Yuande of Taiyuan, Xin Huxing of Longxi, and Tong Houzhi of Dongguan. All joined in one righteous plot. At that time Xuan's younger brother Hong was Governor of Qing Province, stationed at Guangling. Daogui served on Hong's staff as Army Headquarters Aide, and Chang was the provincial chief clerk. They sent Yi to Chang to plan a joint strike against Hong. Changren served as Left Army Headquarters Aide to Diao Kui, Governor of Yu Province, and planned to seize Liyang in support. Yuande and Houzhi plotted to strike Xuan at Jianye. All fixed a day to rise together.
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三年二月乙卯，帝托遊獵，與無忌、詠之、憑之，毅從弟藩，憑之從子韶、祗、隆、道濟，昶族弟懷玉等，集義徒凡二十七人，願從者百餘人。 丙辰，候城門開，無忌等義徒服傳詔服，稱詔居前，義眾馳入齊叫，吏士驚散，即斬修以徇。 帝哭之甚慟，厚加斂恤。 昶勸弘其日出獵，未明，開門出獵人，昶、道規、毅等率壯士五六十人，因開門直入。 弘方噉粥，即斬之，因收眾濟江。
On the day yimao in the second month of the third year, the Emperor pleaded a hunting trip and gathered Wuji, Yongzhi, Pingzhi, Yi's younger cousin Fan, Pingzhi's nephews Shao, Zhi, Long, and Daoji, Chang's clansman Huaiyu, and others. The sworn company numbered twenty-seven, with more than a hundred men ready to follow. On the day bingchen they waited for the gates to open. Wuji and the others dressed as imperial messengers, proclaimed an edict, and led the charge. The righteous company galloped in with a great shout. Officials and soldiers fled in panic. Xiu was beheaded at once and his head displayed as a warning. The Emperor wept for him with deep grief and gave him generous burial honors. Chang urged Hong to go hunting that day. Before dawn, when the gate opened for the hunt, Chang, Daogui, Yi, and others led fifty or sixty stalwart men straight through the gate. Hong was still eating his gruel when they cut him down. They then gathered the troops and crossed the river.
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義軍初克京城，修司馬刁弘率文武佐吏來赴，帝登城謂曰：「郭江州已奉乘輿反正于尋陽，我等並被密詔誅逆黨，今日賊玄之首已當梟於大航。 諸君非大晉之臣乎？」 弘等信之而退。 毅既至，帝命誅弘等。
When the righteous army first took the capital, Xiu's Major Diao Hong led civil and military aides to come in support. The Emperor mounted the wall and called to them, "Governor Guo of Jiang Province has already received the imperial carriage and restored the rightful order at Xunyang. We too have received secret edicts to execute the rebel faction. By now the traitor Xuan's head should already hang at the Great Crossing. Surely you are still ministers of great Jin?" Hong and his men took him at his word and withdrew. When Yi arrived, the Emperor ordered Hong and the others executed.
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毅兄邁先在建鄴，事未發數日，帝遣同謀周安穆報之，使為內應。 邁甚懼，安穆慮事發，馳歸。 時玄以邁為竟陵太守，邁便下船，欲之郡。 是夜玄與邁書曰：「北府人情雲何？ 卿近見劉裕何所道？」 邁謂玄已知其謀，晨起白之。 玄驚，封邁為重安侯，又以不執安穆故殺之，誅元德、扈興、厚之等。 乃遣頓丘太守吳甫之、右衛將軍皇甫敷北拒義軍。
Yi's elder brother Mai was already at Jianye. Several days before the plot broke, the Emperor sent their fellow conspirator Zhou Anmu to warn him and enlist him as an inside contact. Mai was terrified. Anmu, fearing exposure, galloped back. Xuan had just made Mai Administrator of Jingling, and Mai boarded a boat intending to take up his post. That night Xuan wrote to Mai: "What is the mood among the Northern Headquarters men? What has Liu Yu lately said to you?" Mai took this to mean Xuan already knew. At dawn he went to confess the plot. Xuan was alarmed. He enfeoffed Mai as Marquis of Chong'an, but because Mai had failed to seize Anmu he killed him as well, and executed Yuande, Huxing, Houzhi, and the others. He then dispatched Dunqiu Administrator Wu Fuzhi and Right Guard General Huangfu Fu north to block the righteous army.
15
先是，帝造遊擊將軍何澹之，左右見帝光曜滿室，以告澹之，澹之以白玄，玄不以為意，至是，聞義兵起，甚懼。 或曰：「裕等甚弱，陛下何慮之深？」 玄曰：「劉裕足為一世之雄，劉毅家無儋石之儲，摴蒱一擲百萬，何無忌，劉牢之之外甥，酷似其舅，共舉大事，何謂無成。」 時眾推帝為盟主，以孟昶為長史，總後事，檀憑之為司馬，百姓願從者千餘人。 軍次竹裏，移檄都下曰：
Earlier the Emperor had visited General of Mobile Columns He Danzhi. His attendants saw his radiance fill the room and told Danzhi, who reported it to Xuan. Xuan paid no heed. Now, hearing that the righteous army had risen, he was deeply afraid. Someone said, "Yu and the others are very weak. Your Majesty, why fear them so deeply?" Xuan said, "Liu Yu is a hero of the age. Liu Yi keeps not a stone's weight of grain in his house, yet stakes a million at dice. He Wuji is Liu Laozhi's nephew by his sister and is the very image of his uncle. Together they undertake a great affair—how can it fail?" The army then chose the Emperor as covenant leader, made Meng Chang Chief Clerk to manage rear affairs, Tan Pingzhi Major, and more than a thousand common people rallied to them. When the army halted at Zhuli, it issued a proclamation to the capital that read:
16
夫成敗相因，理不常泰，狡焉肆虐，或遇聖明。 自我大晉，屢遘陽九，隆安以來，皇家多故，貞良弊于豺狼，忠臣碎于虎口。 逆臣桓玄敢肆陵慢，阻兵荊郢，肆暴都邑，天未忘難，凶力實繁，踰年之間，遂傾皇祚。 主上播越，流幸非所，神器沈辱，七廟毀墜，雖夏後之離浞、豷，有漢之遭莽、卓，方之於茲，未足為喻。 自玄篡逆，於今曆載，彌年亢旱，人不聊生，士庶疲於轉輸，文武困於板築，室家分析，父子乖離，豈惟大東有杼軸之悲，摽梅有頃筐之怨而已哉！ 仰觀天文，俯察人事，此而可存，孰有可亡！ 凡在有心，誰不扼腕。 裕等所以叩心泣血，不遑啟處者也。
Success and failure follow one upon another; peace is never permanent. When the cunning run wild, they sometimes meet a sage ruler. Since our great Jin has repeatedly met the calamities of the Yang Nine, the royal house has known one disaster after another from Long'an onward. The upright have been ruined by wolves, and loyal ministers crushed in the tiger's maw. The rebel minister Huan Xuan dared to act with insolent contempt, raised troops to hold Jing and Ying, and wantonly ravaged the capital. Heaven had not yet forgotten our hardship, yet his wicked power was still great. Within little more than a year he overturned the throne. The sovereign was driven into exile and wandered in places unfit for him. The sacred regalia sank into disgrace, and the seven ancestral temples were cast down. Even the flight of the Xia after Han Zhuo and Yi, and the sufferings of Han under Wang Mang and Dong Zhuo, scarcely serve as comparison. Since Xuan's usurpation years have passed. Drought has lingered year after year, and the people cannot live. Common folk are exhausted by transport levies; civil and military officials are worn out by forced labor. Families are split apart and fathers separated from sons. This is not merely the sorrow of empty looms in the east, or maidens' longing over unfilled baskets. Looking up to the heavens and down to human affairs—if this can still endure, what could not be destroyed! Every man with a heart in his breast—who does not wring his wrists in grief? For this reason Yu and the others beat their breasts and weep blood, finding no rest whether sitting or lying down.
17
是故夕寐宵興，搜獎忠烈，潛構崎嶇，過於履虎，乘機奮發，義不圖全。 輔國將軍劉毅、廣武將軍何無忌、鎮北主簿孟昶、兗州主簿魏詠之、甯遠將軍劉道規、龍驤參軍劉藩、振威將軍檀憑之等，忠烈斷金，精貫白日，荷戈俟奮，志在畢命。 益州刺史毛璩，萬里齊契，掃定荊楚。 江州刺史郭昶之奉迎主上，宮于尋陽。 鎮北參軍王元德等並率部曲，保據石頭。 揚武將軍諸葛長人收集義士，已據曆陽。 征虜參軍庾賾之等潛相連結，以為內應。 同力協契，所在蜂起，即日斬偽徐州刺史安成王修、青州刺史弘。 義眾既集，文武爭先，咸謂不有一統，則事無以輯。 裕辭不獲命，遂總軍要，庶上憑祖宗之靈，下罄義夫之節，翦馘逋逆，蕩清京華。 公侯諸君，或世樹忠貞，或身荷爵寵，而並俛眉猾豎，無由自效，顧瞻周道，寧不吊乎！ 今日之舉，良其會也。 裕以虛薄，才非古人，受任於既頹之運，接勢於已替之機，丹誠未宣，感慨憤激。 望霄漢以永懷，眄山川以增佇，投檄之日，神馳賊庭。
Therefore we rise at night and sleep little, search out and reward the loyal and heroic, secretly build plans over paths more perilous than treading on a tiger, seize the moment and strike fiercely, and in righteousness do not seek to save ourselves whole. Auxiliary State General Liu Yi, General of Broad Martial He Wuji, Chief Clerk to the Pacifying North Meng Chang, Chief Clerk of Yan Province Wei Yongzhi, General of Pacifying the Distance Liu Daogui, Dragon Cavalry Headquarters Aide Liu Fan, General Who Shakes Might Tan Pingzhi, and others—their loyalty cleaves metal and their spirit pierces the bright sun. Bearing arms they await the moment to strike, resolved to give their lives to the end. Inspector of Yi Province Mao Jin, though ten thousand li distant, stands in league with us and will sweep and settle Jing and Chu. Governor of Jiang Province Guo Yanzhi receives and escorts the sovereign, establishing his residence at Xunyang. Army Headquarters Aide Wang Yuande and others have likewise mustered their followers and hold Shitou. General Who Displays Martiality Zhuge Changren has rallied righteous warriors and already holds Liyang. Army Headquarters Aide Yu Yizhi and others have secretly joined the league and stand ready as inside contacts. With united strength and shared covenant they rose everywhere; that very day they beheaded the false Inspector of Xu Province, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, and Inspector of Qing Province Hong. Once the righteous army had gathered, civil and military men vied for the lead, all agreeing that without a single commander the cause could not be brought to order. Yu declined but could not refuse; he therefore took command of the armies, trusting above in the spirits of the ancestors and below in the loyalty of righteous men, to cut down fleeing rebels and sweep clean the capital. Lords and marquises—you who for generations upheld loyalty or yourselves have borne honors and favor—yet all bow before this cunning upstart with no means to serve. When you look back upon the way of Zhou, is it not a cause for mourning? Today's undertaking is the moment that has awaited us. Yu, unworthy and lacking the talent of men of old, has taken this charge in a collapsing age and seized momentum when the turn had nearly passed. His loyal heart yet unspoken, he is moved and inflamed with indignation. He gazes toward heaven in lasting devotion and looks upon the land with growing resolve; from the day this proclamation went forth, his spirit has flown to the rebel court.
18
三月戊午，遇吳甫之于江乘，帝躬執長刀，大呼，即斬甫之。 進至羅落橋，遇皇甫敷，檀憑之戰敗，死之，眾退，帝進戰彌厲，又斬敷首。 初，帝建大謀，有工相者相帝與無忌等近當大貴，惟云憑之無相。 至是，憑之戰死，帝知其事必捷。
On the wuwu day of the third month he encountered Wu Fuzhi at Jiangcheng. The Emperor personally seized a long blade, shouted, and at once cut Fuzhi down. Advancing to Luoluo Bridge, he met Huangfu Fu. Tan Pingzhi was defeated and killed, and the army fell back. The Emperor pressed the attack all the harder and again took Fu's head. Earlier, when the Emperor laid his great plan, a craftsman who read faces examined the Emperor, Wuji, and the others and said they would soon rise to great eminence, but declared that Pingzhi bore no such mark. When Pingzhi fell in battle, the Emperor knew the enterprise would surely succeed.
19
玄聞敷等沒，使桓謙屯東陵口，卞範之屯覆舟山西。 己未，義軍進至覆舟東，張疑兵，以油帔冠諸樹，佈滿山谷。 帝先馳之，將士皆殊死戰，無不一當百，呼聲動天地。 因風縱火，煙焰張天，謙等大敗。 玄始雖遣軍，而走意已決，別遣領軍殷仲文具舟石頭，聞謙敗，輕船南逸。
Hearing that Fu and the others had fallen, Xuan sent Huan Qian to hold Dongling Kou and Bian Fanzhi to encamp west of Fuzhou Mountain. On the jiwei day the righteous army reached the east of Fuzhou, spread a screen of decoys, crowned the trees with oil-soaked cloaks, and filled the valleys with them. The Emperor charged at the head. Officers and soldiers fought as if unto death, each man worth a hundred; their battle cries shook heaven and earth. They sent fire with the wind; smoke and flame blotted out the sky. Qian and the others were routed. Though Xuan had sent troops out, his mind was already set on flight. He had Palace Attendant Yin Zhongwen prepare boats at Shitou; when he heard of Qian's defeat, he slipped south in light craft.
20
庚申，帝鎮石頭城，立留台百官，焚桓溫主于宣陽門外，造晉新主於太廟。 遣諸將追玄，命尚書王嘏率百官奉迎乘輿。 司徒王謐與眾議推帝領揚州，帝固辭，乃以謐為錄尚書事、領揚州刺史，帝為鎮軍將軍、都督八州諸軍事、徐州刺史、領軍將軍。 初，晉陵人韋叟善相術，桓修令相帝當得州不，叟曰：「當得邊州刺史。」 退而私於帝曰：「君相貴不可言。」 帝笑曰：」若中，當相用為司馬。」 至是，叟詣帝曰：「成王不負桐葉之信，公亦應不忘司馬之言。 今不敢希鎮軍司馬，願得領軍佐。」 於是用焉。
On the gengshen day the Emperor held Shitou fortress, established the rear-capital administration, burned Huan Wen's spirit tablet outside Xuanyang Gate, and set up new Jin ancestral tablets in the Imperial Temple. He sent generals in pursuit of Xuan and ordered Secretariat Director Wang Ga to lead the officials in welcoming the imperial carriage. Minister over the Masses Wang Mi consulted the assembly and urged the Emperor to take charge of Yang Province. The Emperor firmly refused. Mi was then made Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Inspector of Yang Province; the Emperor was made General Who Pacifies the Army, Commander-in-Chief of military affairs in eight provinces, Inspector of Xu Province, and Palace Attendant. Earlier, Wei Sou of Jinyang was skilled in reading faces. Huan Xiu had him examine whether the Emperor would gain a provincial post. Sou said, "He will receive a frontier inspectorate." After withdrawing he spoke privately to the Emperor: "Your noble bearing is beyond words." The Emperor laughed and said, "If you prove right, I shall make you my marshal." Now Sou came to the Emperor and said, "King Cheng did not break the pledge of the paulownia leaf; you too should not forget your promise about the marshal. I dare not ask to be marshal to the Pacifying Army, but would be content with an aide's post under the Palace Attendant." Thereupon he was given the post.
21
時諸葛長人失期，為刁逵執送，未至而玄敗。 玄經尋陽，江州刺史郭昶之為具乘輿法物。 初，荊州刺史王綏以江左冠族，又桓氏之甥，素甚陵帝，至是，及其父尚書左僕射愉有自疑志，並及誅。
Zhuge Changren had missed his rendezvous and was seized and sent under guard by Diao Kui, but before he arrived Xuan had already been defeated. Xuan passed through Xunyang, where Inspector of Jiang Province Guo Changzhi furnished him with the imperial carriage and regalia. Inspector of Jing Province Wang Sui, a leading house of the south and nephew of the Huan clan, had long treated the Emperor with contempt. Now he and his father, Left Vice Director Yu, both turned inward with suspicion and were executed.
22
四月戊子，奉武陵王遵為大將軍，承制，大赦，惟桓玄一祖後不免。 桓玄之篡，王謐佐命，手解安帝璽紱。 及義旗建，眾謂謐宜誅，惟帝素德謐，保持之。 劉毅嘗因朝會，問謐璽紱所在，謐益懼。 及王愉父子誅，謐從弟諶謂謐曰：「王駒無罪而誅，此是翦除勝己，兄既桓氏黨附，求免得乎？」 駒，愉小字也。 謐懼，奔曲阿。 帝箋白大將軍迎還，復其位。
On the wuzi day of the fourth month they installed Prince of Wuling Zun as Grand General with imperial commission, proclaimed a general amnesty, and exempted only the descendants of Huan Xuan's house. At Huan Xuan's usurpation Wang Mi had assisted the transfer of power and with his own hands removed Emperor An's seal and cord. When the righteous army rose, many said Mi deserved death, but the Emperor had long respected his character and kept him safe. At a court assembly Liu Yi once asked Mi where the seal cord was kept. Mi grew still more afraid. After Wang Yu and his son were executed, Mi's clansman Chen said to him, "Wang Ju was killed though he had done no wrong. This is the clearing away of men who outshine their masters. You were tied to the Huan faction—do you think you can escape?" Ju was Yu's informal name. Terrified, Mi fled to Qu'e. The Emperor memorialized the Grand General asking that Mi be brought back and his office restored.
23
玄挾天子走江陵，又浮江東下，與劉毅、何無忌、劉道規等遇于崢嶸洲，眾軍大破之。 玄党殷仲文奉晉二皇后還建鄴。 玄復挾天子至江陵，因走南郡，太守王騰之、荊州別駕王康產奉天子入南郡府。
Xuan fled with the Son of Heaven to Jiangling, then sailed downriver and met Liu Yi, He Wuji, Liu Daogui, and the others at Zhengming Isle. The allied armies broke him completely. Xuan's follower Yin Zhongwen escorted the two Jin empresses back to Jiankang. Xuan again brought the Son of Heaven to Jiangling, then fled toward Nan Commandery. Administrator Wang Tengzhi and Jing Province Registrar Wang Kangchan received the Son of Heaven into the Nan Commandery seat.
24
初，益州刺史毛璩遣從孫佑之與參軍費恬送弟喪下州，璩弟子修之時為玄屯騎校尉，誘玄入蜀，至枚回洲，恬與佑之迎射之，益州督護馮遷斬玄，傳首建鄴。 玄從子振逃于華容之湧中，招集逆黨，襲江陵城，騰之、康產皆被殺。 桓謙先匿沮川，亦聚眾應振。 為玄舉哀，立喪庭。 謙率眾官奉璽綬于安帝。 劉毅、何無忌進及桓振戰，敗績於靈溪。
Earlier, Inspector of Yi Province Mao Jin had sent his grandnephew Youzhi and staff officer Fei Tian to escort his brother's funeral downriver. Jin's nephew Xiuzhi, then Cavalry Commandant under Xuan, lured Xuan toward Shu. At Meihui Isle Tian and Youzhi ambushed him with arrows; Yi Province Supervising Officer Feng Qian cut off Xuan's head and sent it to Jiankang. Xuan's nephew Zhen hid in the marshes of Huarong, rallied rebel bands, and stormed Jiangling. Tengzhi and Kangchan were both killed. Huan Qian, who had first taken refuge at Juchuan, also raised forces and joined Zhen. They mourned Xuan and erected a mourning hall. Qian led the officials in restoring the seal and cord to Emperor An. Liu Yi and He Wuji pressed forward against Zhen and were defeated at Lingxi.
25
十月，帝領青州刺史，甲仗百人入殿。
In the tenth month the Emperor assumed the post of Inspector of Qing Province and entered the palace hall with a hundred armored guards.
26
盧循浮海破廣州，獲刺史吳隱之，即以循為廣州刺史，以其党徐道覆為始興相。
Lu Xun sailed across the sea, took Guangzhou, and captured Governor Wu Yinshi. He made Xun Inspector of Guang Province and appointed his follower Xu Daofu Administrator of Shixing.
27
二年三月，進帝督交、廣二州。 十月，論匡復勳，封帝豫章郡公，邑萬戶，賜絹三萬疋。 其餘封賞各有差。
In the third month of the second year the Emperor was given command over Jiao and Guang provinces. In the tenth month, for merit in restoring the dynasty, the Emperor was enfeoffed Duke of Yuzhang with a fief of ten thousand households and granted thirty thousand bolts of silk. The other enfeoffments and rewards were apportioned by rank of service.
28
三年十二月，司徒、錄尚書、揚州刺史王謐薨。
In the twelfth month of the third year Wang Mi, Minister over the Masses, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, and Inspector of Yang Province, died.
29
四年正月，征帝入輔，授侍中、車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史、錄尚書事，徐、兗二州刺史如故。 表解兗州。 先是，帝遣冠軍劉敬宣伐蜀賊譙縱，無功而還。 九月，帝以敬宣挫退，遜位，不許。 十月，乃降為中軍將軍，開府如故。
In the first month of the fourth year the Emperor was called to court and appointed Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, Inspector of Yang Province, and Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, while retaining his posts in Xu and Yan provinces. He submitted a memorial asking to be relieved of Yan Province. Earlier the Emperor had sent Champion General Liu Jingxuan against the Shu rebel Qiao Zong, but Jingxuan returned without victory. In the ninth month, blaming himself for Jingxuan's setback, the Emperor offered to step down, but the court would not accept. In the tenth month he was reduced to General of the Center, though his headquarters commission remained unchanged.
30
五年二月，偽燕主慕容超大掠淮北。 三月，帝抗表北討，以丹陽尹孟昶監中軍留府事。 乃浮淮入泗，五月，至下邳，留船，步軍進琅邪，所過築城留守。
In the second month of the fifth year the Yan pretender Murong Chao launched a major raid north of the Huai. In the third month the Emperor memorialized to campaign north and left Chief of Jinyang Meng Chang to oversee headquarters affairs at the capital. He sailed up the Huai into the Si and, in the fifth month, reached Xiapi. Leaving the boats behind, he marched overland into Langya, building fortified posts and leaving garrisons at every stage.
31
超大將公孫五樓請斷大峴，堅壁清野以待，超不從。 初謀是役，議者以為賊若嚴守大峴，軍無所資，何能自反？ 帝曰：「不然。 鮮卑性貪，略不及遠，既幸其勝，且愛其穀，必將引我，且亦輕戰。 師一入峴，吾何患焉。」 及入峴，帝舉手指天曰：「吾事濟矣。」 眾問其故，帝曰：「師既過險，士有必死之志，餘糧棲畝，軍無匱乏之憂，勝可必矣。」
Chao's chief general Gongsun Wulou urged him to hold the Great Pass, fortify the walls, and strip the countryside bare while waiting, but Chao refused. When the campaign was first debated, critics said that if the enemy held the Great Pass the army would run out of supplies and have no way to withdraw. The Emperor said, "Not so. The Xianbei are greedy by nature and plunder without looking far ahead. Once they taste victory and covet the grain here, they will surely draw us on—and they will fight rashly besides. Once our army is through the pass, what have I to fear?" When they entered the pass the Emperor lifted his hand toward heaven and said, "The matter is settled." The troops asked why. The Emperor said, "We have passed the danger; every man is ready to die. Grain still stands in the fields, and the army need not fear want. Victory is certain."
32
六月，超留羸老守廣固，使其廣甯王賀刺盧及公孫五樓悉力據臨朐。 去城四十里有巨蔑水，超告五樓急據之。 比至，為龍驤將軍孟龍符所保，五樓乃退。
In the sixth month Chao left the weak and aged to defend Guanggu and sent Prince of Guangning He Cilu and Gongsun Wulou to hold Linqu with their full strength. Forty li from the city lay the Jumei River. Chao ordered Wulou to seize it immediately. Before Wulou could reach it, Dragon Cavalry General Meng Longfu had already taken the crossing, and Wulou fell back.
33
大軍分車四千兩為二翼，方軌徐行，車張幰，禦者執肖，以騎為遊軍，軍令嚴肅。 比及臨朐，賊騎交至，帝命兗州刺史劉藩、并州刺史劉道憐等陷其陣。 日向昃，戰猶酣，帝用參軍胡藩策，襲克臨朐，賊乃大奔。 超遁還廣固，獲其玉璽、豹尾、輦等，送於都。 丙子，克廣固大城，超固其小城。 乃設長圍以守之，館谷於青土，停江、淮轉輸。
The main army split four thousand chariots into two wings and advanced in close formation, curtains drawn on the chariots and drivers holding leather shields, with cavalry as roaming screens. Discipline was severe. As they neared Linqu enemy horsemen attacked again and again. The Emperor ordered Inspector of Yan Province Liu Fan, Inspector of Bing Province Liu Daolin, and others to smash their lines. The sun was already westering and the battle still raged. The Emperor took staff officer Hu Fan's advice, stormed Linqu, and the enemy broke and fled. Chao fled back to Guanggu. The army captured his jade seal, leopard-tail standards, imperial carriage, and the like, and sent them to the capital. On the bingzi day they took the outer city of Guanggu; Chao shut himself in the inner citadel. They then drew a long siege around him, fed the army from Qing province's grain, and halted shipments from the Yangtze and Huai.
34
七月，超尚書郎張綱乞師于姚興，自長安反，泰山太守申宣執送之。 綱有巧思，先是，帝修攻具，城上人曰：「汝不得張綱，何能為也。」 及至，升諸樓車以示之，城內莫不失色。 超既求救不獲，綱反見虜，乃求稱藩，割大峴為界，獻馬千匹，不聽。 時姚興遣使，聲言將涉淮左，帝謂曰：「爾報姚興，我定青州，將過函谷，虜能自送，今其時矣。」 錄事參軍劉穆之遽入曰：「此言不足威敵，容能怒彼。 若鮮卑未拔，西羌又至，公何以待之？」 帝乃笑曰：「此兵機也，非子所及。 羌若能救，不有先聲，是自強也。」
In the seventh month Chao's Master of Writing Lang Zhang Gang went to Yao Xing to ask for troops, returned from Chang'an, and was seized and sent under guard by Taishan Administrator Shen Xuan. Gang was a clever inventor. While the Emperor was building siege engines, the men on the walls had said, "Without Zhang Gang, what can you accomplish?" When Gang arrived they lifted him onto a tower chariot to display him to the city. Inside the walls every face went pale. Relief did not come, and Gang was now a captive. Chao then offered to submit as a vassal, cede the Great Pass as a border, and present a thousand horses, but the Emperor refused. Yao Xing then sent an envoy declaring that he would cross the Huai. The Emperor told him, "Go tell Yao Xing: when I have settled Qing Province I shall march through Hangu Pass. If the barbarians mean to surrender themselves, the moment is now." Recording Officer Liu Muzhi hurried in and said, "Those words will not frighten the enemy—they may only provoke him. If the Xianbei are not yet broken and the Western Qiang come too, how will you face them?" The Emperor laughed and said, "That is military stratagem—not a matter within your reach. If the Qiang could save them they would not need a warning first; giving one only steels our own ranks."
35
十月，張綱修攻具成，設飛樓縣梯，木幔板屋，冠以牛皮，弓矢無所用之。 劉毅遣上党太守趙恢以千餘人來援，帝夜潛遣軍會之。 明旦，恢眾五千，方道而進，每晉使將到，輒復如之。 六年二月丁亥，屠廣固，超踰城走，追獲之，斬于建康市。 殺其王公以下，納生口萬餘，馬二千匹。
In the tenth month Zhang Gang completed the siege engines—flying towers with hanging ladders, wooden screens and plank shelters roofed in oxhide, proof against bow and arrow. Liu Yi sent Shangdang Administrator Zhao Hui with more than a thousand men as reinforcements. The Emperor secretly moved troops by night to meet them. By dawn Hui's force had swelled to five thousand and marched in formation along the road; each time a Jin envoy was due to arrive they staged the display again. On the dinghai day of the second month in the sixth year they sacked Guanggu. Chao fled over the wall, was pursued and captured, and was executed in the Jiankang market. They killed his princes, officials, and their followers, took more than ten thousand captives, and seized two thousand horses.
36
初，帝之北也，徐道覆勸盧循乘虛而出，循不從，道覆乃至番禺說循曰：「今日之機，萬不可失。 若克京都，劉公雖還，無能為也。」 循從之。 是月，寇南康、廬陵、豫章諸郡，郡守皆奔走。 時帝將鎮下邳，進兵河、洛，及征使至，即日班師。 鎮南將軍何無忌與道覆戰，敗死于豫章，內外震駭，朝議欲奉乘輿北走。 帝次山陽，聞敗，卷甲與數十人造江上征問，知賊尚未至。
When the Emperor marched north, Xu Daofu urged Lu Xun to strike while the capital lay open, but Xun refused. Daofu then went to Panyu and told him, "Today's opportunity must not be missed. If we seize the capital, Liu Yu may return, but he will be powerless." Xun agreed. That month they raided Nankang, Luling, and Yuzhang; every administrator fled. The Emperor was preparing to garrison Xiapi and advance toward the Yellow River and Luoyang, but when the imperial dispatch arrived he marched back the same day. General Who Pacifies the South He Wuji fought Daofu, was defeated, and died at Yuzhang. Court and country were shaken, and some at court urged moving the imperial carriage north. The Emperor halted at Shanyang. Hearing of the defeat, he forced-marched with a few dozen men to the river to gather news and learned that the rebels had not yet arrived.
37
四月癸未，帝至都。 劉毅自表南征，帝以賊新捷鋒銳，須嚴軍偕進，使劉藩止之，毅不從。 五月壬午，盧循敗毅于桑落洲。 及審帝凱入，相視失色，欲還尋陽，平江陵，據二州以抗朝廷。 道覆請乘勝遂下，爭之旬日，乃從。
On the guiwei day of the fourth month the Emperor reached the capital. Liu Yi volunteered to campaign south in person. The Emperor, judging the rebels fresh from victory and still keen, said they must advance in strength together and sent Liu Fan to hold Yi back, but Yi refused. On the renwu day of the fifth month Lu Xun defeated Yi at Sangluo Isle. When they learned the Emperor had entered the capital in triumph, they looked at one another and went pale, intending to fall back to Xunyang, secure Jiangling, and hold the two provinces against the court. Daofu urged that they press their victory and push downstream; after ten days of argument Xun finally agreed.
38
于時北師始還，傷痍未復，戰士才數千，賊眾十餘萬，舳艫亙千里。 孟昶、諸葛長人懼，欲擁天子過江，帝曰：「今兵士雖少，猶足一戰，若其克濟，臣主同休； 如其不然，不復能草間求活，吾計決矣。」 初，帝征慕容超，惟孟昶勸行，丙辰，昶乃表天子，引罪，仰藥而死。
The northern army had just returned, its wounds still unhealed. The soldiers numbered only a few thousand against more than a hundred thousand rebels, their fleet stretching a thousand li. Meng Chang and Zhuge Changren were terrified and wanted to escort the Son of Heaven across the river. The Emperor said, "Our soldiers are few, but enough for one fight. If we prevail, lord and subject share the victory; if not, we can no longer scrape out a living in the weeds. My mind is made up." When the Emperor had campaigned against Murong Chao, Meng Chang alone had urged him to go. On the bingchen day Chang memorialized the throne accepting blame and died by poison.
39
時議者欲分兵屯守諸津，帝曰：「賊眾我寡，分其兵則人測虛實，一處失利，則沮三軍之心，若聚眾石頭，則眾力不分。」 戊午，帝移鎮石城。 乙丑，賊大至，帝曰：「賊若新亭直上，且將避之； 若回泊蔡洲，成禽耳。」 徐道覆欲自新亭焚舟而戰，循多疑少決，每求萬全，乃泊蔡洲以待軍潰。 帝登石頭以望，見之，悅。 庚辰，賊設伏于南岸，疑兵向白石。 帝率劉毅、諸葛長人北拒焉，留參軍徐赤特戍查浦，戒令勿戰。 帝既北，賊焚查浦而至張侯橋，赤特與戰，大敗，賊進屯丹陽郡。 帝馳還石頭，斬徐赤特。 解甲久之，乃出陣于南塘。 七月庚申，循自蔡洲退，將還歸尋陽，帝遣輔國將軍王仲德等追之。 使建威將軍孫處自海道襲番禺，戒之曰：「我十二月必破祅寇，卿亦足至番禺，先傾其巢窟也。」
Councilors then urged dividing the army to hold the river crossings. The Emperor said, "The enemy outnumbers us. Split our forces and they will read our weakness; lose one post and the whole army loses heart. Gather at Shitou and our strength stays whole. On the wuwu day the Emperor shifted his headquarters to Shicheng. On the yichou day the rebels came in force. The Emperor said, "If they drive straight up from Xinting, we will pull back for now; if they turn and moor at Caizhou, they are as good as ours." Xu Daofu wanted to burn the boats at Xinting and give battle, but Xun was suspicious and indecisive, always insisting on perfect safety, and moored at Caizhou to wait for the army to fall apart. The Emperor climbed Shitou to look out, saw what had happened, and was pleased. On the gengchen day the rebels laid an ambush on the south bank and sent a feint toward Baishi. The Emperor led Liu Yi and Zhuge Changren north to meet them, leaving staff officer Xu Chite to hold Chabu under strict orders not to engage. After the Emperor marched north, the rebels burned Chabu and pushed to Zhanghou Bridge. Chite gave battle and was routed; the rebels advanced and encamped in Danyang commandery. The Emperor raced back to Shitou and executed Xu Chite. After the men had rested out of armor for some time, he deployed his line at Nantang. On the gengshen day of the seventh month Xun pulled back from Caizhou, intending to return to Xunyang. The Emperor sent General Who Assists the State Wang Zhongde and others after him. He sent General Who Establishes Might Sun Chu by sea to strike Panyu and told him, "I will break these rebels by the twelfth month. You can reach Panyu in time—strike their nest first."
40
十月，帝率舟師南伐，使劉毅監太尉留府。 是月，徐道覆寇江陵，荊州刺史劉道規大破之，道覆走還湓口。 十一月，孫處至番禺，克其城，盧循父嘏奔始興，處撫其人以守。 十二月己卯，大軍次大雷。 庚辰，賊方江而下，帝躬提幡鼓，命眾軍齊力擊之，軍中多萬鈞神弩，所至莫不摧陷。 帝自于中流蹙之，因風水之勢，賊艦悉薄西岸，岸上軍先備火具焚之，大敗。 循還尋陽，遂走豫章，悉力柵左裏。 丙申，大軍次左裏，將戰，帝麾之，麾竿折，幡沈于水，眾咸懼，帝笑曰：「昔覆舟之役亦如此，今勝必矣。」 攻其柵，循單舸走，眾皆降。 師旋，晉帝遣侍中黃門勞師於行所。
In the tenth month the Emperor led the fleet south and left Liu Yi to oversee affairs at the capital headquarters. That month Xu Daofu attacked Jiangling, but Inspector of Jing Province Liu Daogui routed him and Daofu fled back to Penkou. In the eleventh month Sun Chu reached Panyu and took the city. Lu Xun's father Gu fled to Shixing, and Chu reassured the people and held the town. On the jimao day of the twelfth month the main army halted at Dalei. On the gengchen day the rebels came downriver. The Emperor himself took up banner and drum and ordered a united attack. The army fielded many ten-thousand-jun crossbows, and nothing they struck remained standing. The Emperor himself pressed them from midstream. Wind and current drove the rebel ships against the west bank, where the shore troops, fire gear ready, burned them. The enemy was broken completely. Xun fell back to Xunyang, then fled to Yuzhang and threw all his strength into fortifying Zuoli. On the bingshen day the main army halted at Zuoli. As battle was about to begin the Emperor raised his command baton; the shaft snapped and the banner sank in the water. All were afraid. The Emperor laughed and said, "It was just like this at Fuzhou. Victory is certain now." They stormed the fort. Xun escaped alone in a small boat, and his men surrendered. When the army returned, the Jin Emperor sent a Palace Attendant and Yellow Gate officer to honor the troops on the march.
41
七年正月己未，振旅而歸，改授大將軍、揚州牧，給班劍二十人，本官並如故。 固辭。 凡南北征伐戰亡者，並列上賻贈，屍喪未反者，遣主帥迎接，致還本土。
On the jiwei day of the first month in the seventh year he returned with his army refreshed and was reassigned Grand General and Governor of Yang Province with twenty ceremonial swords, while retaining his other posts. He firmly declined. All who had fallen in the northern and southern campaigns were listed for burial gifts. Where bodies had not come home, commanders were sent to receive them and return them to their native lands.
42
二月，盧循至番禺，為孫處所破，收余眾南走。 劉藩、孟懷玉斬徐道覆於始興。
In the second month Lu Xun reached Panyu, was broken by Sun Chu, gathered his remnant forces, and fled south. Liu Fan and Meng Huaiyu cut off Xu Daofu at Shixing.
43
自晉中興以來，朝綱弛紊，權門兼併，百姓流離，不得保其產業。 桓玄頗欲厘改，竟不能行。 帝既作輔，大示軌則，豪強肅然，遠近禁止。 至是，會稽余姚虞亮復藏匿亡命千餘人。 帝誅亮，免會稽內史司馬休之。
Since Jin's restoration court discipline had slackened, powerful families had swallowed up holdings, and common people had been driven from their homes, unable to keep their livelihoods. Huan Xuan had wanted to reform this, but in the end could not enforce it. Once the Emperor became regent he made the standards plain. Powerful families fell silent, and lawlessness was forbidden far and near. At this time Yu Liang of Yuyao in Kuaiji again sheltered more than a thousand fugitives. The Emperor executed Liang and removed Sima Xiuzhi from his post as Interior Secretary of Kuaiji.
44
晉帝又申前詔，帝固辭。 於是改授太尉、中書監，乃受命，奉送黃鉞。
The Jin Emperor again repeated the earlier decree, but the Emperor firmly refused. He was then reassigned Grand Commandant and Director of the Secretariat, accepted the mandate, and was presented with the yellow axe.
45
交州刺史杜惠度斬盧循父子，函七首送都。 先是，諸州郡所遣秀才、孝廉多非其人，帝乃表申明舊例，策試之。
Inspector of Jiao Province Du Huidu beheaded Lu Xun and his son and sent their heads to the capital in a box. The presented scholars and filial-and-incorrupt candidates sent up from the provinces had often been unworthy. The Emperor memorialized to restore the old rules and tested them by examination.
46
荊州刺史劉道規疾患，求歸，八年四月，改授豫州刺史，以豫州刺史劉毅代之。 毅既有雄才大志，與帝俱興復晉室，自謂京城、廣陵功足相抗，雖權事推帝，而心不服也。 厚自矜許，朝士素望者並多歸之，與尚書僕射謝混、丹陽尹郗僧施並深相結。 及鎮江陵，豫州舊府多割以自隨，請僧施為南蠻校尉。 帝知毅終為異端，心密圖之。 毅至西，稱疾篤，表求從弟兗州刺史藩以為副貳，帝偽許焉。 九月，藩入朝，帝命收藩及謝混，並賜死。 自表討毅，又假黃鉞，率諸軍西征。 以前鎮軍將軍司馬休之為平西將軍、荊州刺史，兗州刺史道憐鎮丹徒，豫州刺史諸葛長人監太尉留府事，加太尉司馬丹陽尹劉穆之建威將軍，配以實力。 壬午，發建鄴，遣參軍王鎮惡、龍驤將軍蒯恩前襲江陵，克之，毅及黨與皆伏誅。
Inspector of Jing Province Liu Daogui fell ill and asked to retire. In the fourth month of the eighth year he was reassigned to Yu Province, and Liu Yi of Yu Province replaced him. Yi had heroic talent and great ambition. He and the Emperor had restored Jin together, and he considered his achievements at the capital and at Guangling a match for the Emperor's. Outwardly he deferred to him, but in his heart he did not submit. He praised himself lavishly, and many respected court officials rallied to him. He formed close ties with Vice Director Xie Hun and Chief of Jinyang Chi Shengshi. When he took Jiangling he pulled much of the old Yu Province staff to himself and asked that Shengshi be made Colonel of the Southern Barbarians. The Emperor knew Yi would eventually turn rebel and secretly laid plans against him. When Yi reached the west he claimed grave illness and asked that his cousin Fan, Inspector of Yan Province, be made his deputy. The Emperor pretended to agree. In the ninth month Fan came to court. The Emperor had Fan and Xie Hun arrested, and both were put to death. He memorialized on his own authority to attack Yi, was again granted the yellow axe, and marched west at the head of the armies. Former General Who Pacifies the Army Sima Xiuzhi was made General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Jing Province; Liu Daolin of Yan Province held Dantu; Zhuge Changren of Yu Province oversaw the capital headquarters; and Grand Commandant Marshal Liu Muzhi, Chief of Jinyang, was made General Who Establishes Might, each with real troops under command. On the renwu day he left Jiankang and sent staff officer Wang Zhen'e and Dragon Cavalry General Kuai En ahead to strike Jiangling. They took the city, and Yi and his followers were all executed.
47
十一月，帝至江陵，分荊州十郡為湘州，帝仍進督焉。 以西陽太守朱齡石為益州刺史，使伐蜀。 晉帝進帝太傅、揚州牧，加羽葆、鼓吹，班劍二十人。
In the eleventh month the Emperor reached Jiangling, carved ten Jing commanderies into Xiang Province, and kept command of it himself. Zhu Lingshi, Administrator of Xiyang, was made Inspector of Yi Province and sent to conquer Shu. The Jin Emperor promoted him to Grand Tutor and Governor of Yang Province, adding a feather canopy, drum escort, and twenty ceremonial swords.
48
九年二月乙丑，帝至自江陵。 初，諸葛長人貪淫驕橫，帝每優容之。 劉毅既誅，長人謂所親曰：「昔年醢彭越，今年殺韓信，禍其至矣。」 將謀作亂。 帝克期至都，而每淹留不進。 公卿以下，頻日奉候於新亭，長人亦驟出。 既而帝輕舟密至，已還東府矣。 長人到門，引前，卻人閑語，凡平生言所不盡者，皆與及之，長人甚悅。 帝已密命左右丁旿自幔後出，於坐拉焉，死於床側。 輿屍付廷尉，並誅其弟黎人。 旿驍勇有力，時人語曰，「勿跋扈，付丁旿」。
On the yichou day of the second month in the ninth year the Emperor returned from Jiangling. Zhuge Changren had long been greedy, licentious, and overbearing, and the Emperor had always indulged him. After Liu Yi was executed, Changren told his intimates, "Last year they minced Peng Yue; this year they killed Han Xin. Disaster is near." He began plotting rebellion. The Emperor fixed a date to reach the capital, yet each time delayed and did not come. Grandees and officials came day after day to pay their respects at Xinting, and Changren too went out often. Then the Emperor slipped in by light boat and was already back at the Eastern Headquarters. When Changren came to the gate he was summoned in. The Emperor dismissed the attendants and spoke with him privately, taking up every matter they had never fully aired. Changren was greatly pleased. The Emperor had secretly ordered his attendant Ding Wu to slip out from behind the curtain, seize Changren where he sat, and kill him beside the bed. The body was sent to the Court of Justice, and his younger brother Liren was executed as well. Wu was fierce and strong. People said at the time, "Don't play the tyrant—leave it to Ding Wu."
49
先是，山湖川澤皆為豪強所奪，百姓薪采漁釣，皆責稅直，至是禁斷之。 時人居未一，帝上表定制，於是依界土斷，惟徐、兗、青三州居晉陵者不在斷例。 諸流寓郡縣，多所並省。 以帝領鎮西將軍、豫州刺史。 帝固讓太傅、揚州牧及班劍，奉還黃鉞。
Mountains, lakes, rivers, and marshes had all been seized by powerful families. Even gathering firewood, fishing, and cutting reeds were taxed. Now that was forbidden. The people were not yet settled. The Emperor memorialized to fix the rules, and resettlement was carried out by territorial boundaries, except for those from Xu, Yan, and Qing provinces living at Jinling. Many displaced commanderies and counties were merged or abolished. The Emperor was also made General Who Guards the West and Inspector of Yu Province. He firmly declined the posts of Grand Tutor, Governor of Yang Province, and the ceremonial swords, and returned the yellow axe.
50
七月，朱齡石平蜀，斬譙縱，傳首建鄴。
In the seventh month Zhu Lingshi pacified Shu, beheaded Qiao Zong, and sent his head to Jiankang.
51
九月，晉帝以帝平齊、定盧循功，封帝次子義真為桂陽縣公； 並重申前命，授帝太傅、揚州牧，加羽葆、鼓吹，班劍二十人。 將吏百僚敦勸，乃受羽葆、鼓吹、班劍，餘固辭。
In the ninth month, for merit in pacifying Qi and settling Lu Xun, the Jin Emperor enfeoffed the Emperor's second son Yizhen as Duke of Guiyang; and again repeated the earlier command, appointing him Grand Tutor and Governor of Yang Province with feather canopy, drum escort, and twenty ceremonial swords. Generals, officials, and the whole court urged him repeatedly. He accepted the feather canopy, drum escort, and ceremonial swords, but firmly declined the rest.
52
十年，息人簡役，築東府城，起府舍。
In the tenth year he rested the people and reduced corvée labor, built the Eastern Headquarters city, and raised its offices.
53
帝以荊州刺史司馬休之宗室之重，又得江、漢人心，疑其有異志； 而休之子譙王文思在都，招聚輕俠，帝執送休之，令自為其所。 休之表廢文思，並與帝書陳謝。
The Emperor considered Sima Xiuzhi of Jing Province weighty as a member of the imperial clan and a man who held the hearts of the Jiang and Han regions, and suspected him of disloyal intent; Xiuzhi's son Prince of Qiao Wensi was at the capital gathering rowdies. The Emperor seized him and sent him to Xiuzhi, leaving him to handle the matter himself. Xiuzhi memorialized to disown Wensi and wrote the Emperor a letter of apology.
54
十一年正月，帝收休之子文寶、兄子文祖，並賜死，率眾西討。 復假黃鉞，領荊州刺史。 以中軍將軍道憐監留府事。 休之上表自陳，並罪狀帝。 休之府錄事參軍韓延之有幹用才，帝未至江陵，密書招之。 延之報書曰：「承親率戎馬，遠履西偏，闔境士庶，莫不惶駭。 辱疏，知以譙王前事，良增歎息。 司馬平西體國忠貞，款懷待物，以公有匡復之勳，家國蒙賴，推德委誠，每事詢仰。 譙王往以微事見劾，猶自表遜位； 況以大過而當默邪！ 來示雲，'處懷期物，自有由來'。 今伐人之君，啖人以利，真可謂'處懷期物'者矣。 劉藩死於閶闔之門，諸葛斃於左右之手，甘言詫方伯，襲之以輕兵，遂使席上靡款懷之士，閫外無自信諸侯，以為得算，良所恥也。 吾雖鄙劣，嘗聞道于君子，以平西之至德，寧可無授命之臣乎？ 假天長喪亂，九流渾濁，當與臧洪游於地下。 不復多云。」 帝視書歎息，以示將佐曰：「事人當如此。」
In the first month of the eleventh year the Emperor arrested Xiuzhi's son Wenbao and his brother's son Wenzu, had both put to death, and marched west at the head of his army. He was again granted the yellow axe and held the post of Inspector of Jing Province concurrently. General of the Center Liu Daolin was left to oversee affairs at the capital headquarters. Xiuzhi memorialized in his own defense and also charged the Emperor with crimes. Han YanZhi, Recording Officer on Xiuzhi's staff, was a capable man. Before the Emperor reached Jiangling he wrote secretly to win him over. YanZhi replied, "I learn that you personally lead your army far into the western frontier. Gentry and commoners throughout the region are all struck with terror. I am honored by your letter and understand that this concerns the Prince of Qiao. That only deepens my sighs. Sima the Pacifier of the West embodies the state's loyalty and treats men with sincere goodwill. Because you have the merit of restoring the dynasty, state and family rely upon you. He extended you virtue and entrusted you with sincerity, consulting you in every matter. The Prince of Qiao, though impeached for a minor matter, still memorialized on his own to yield his rank; how much less should one keep silent when faced with a great fault! Your letter says, 'To treat men with an eye to future gain has its own origins.' Now you attack another man's lord and feed men with profit—this is truly what may be called treating men with an eye to future gain. Liu Fan died at Changhe Gate, Zhuge was killed by attendants' hands. With sweet words you deceive the regional lords, then surprise them with light troops. Thus there are no sincere men at the banquet and no confident lords beyond the borders. To call this clever strategy is shameful. Though I am base and mean, I have heard the way from gentlemen. With the Pacifier of the West's supreme virtue, how could there fail to be ministers who would give their lives? If Heaven does not long prolong chaos and the age runs turbid, I shall wander underground with Zang Hong. I shall say no more." The Emperor read the letter, sighed, and showed it to his generals and aides. "Serving one's lord should be like this," he said.
55
三月，軍次江陵。 初，雍州刺史魯宗之負力好亂，且慮不為帝容，常為讖曰：「魚登日，輔帝室。」 與休之相結。 至是，率其子竟陵太守軌會于江陵。 帝濟江，休之眾潰，與軌等奔襄陽，江陵平。 加領南蠻校尉。 將拜南蠻，遇四廢日，佐史鄭鮮之等白遷日，不許。 下書開寬大之恩。 四月，進軍襄陽，休之等奔姚興。 晉帝復申前令，授太傅、揚州牧，劍履上殿，入朝不趨，贊拜不名，加前部羽葆、鼓吹，置左右長史、司馬、從事中郎四人，封第三子義隆為北彭城縣公。 八月甲子，帝至自江陵，奉還黃鉞，固辭太傅、州牧、前部羽葆、鼓吹，其餘受命。
In the third month the army halted at Jiangling. Earlier Lu Zongzhi, Inspector of Yong Province, relied on his strength and loved disorder. Fearing the Emperor would not tolerate him, he often repeated a prophecy: "When the fish ascends the sun, it assists the imperial house." He allied with Xiuzhi. Now he led his son Gui, Administrator of Jingling, to rendezvous at Jiangling. The Emperor crossed the river. Xiuzhi's army broke and fled with Gui and the others to Xiangyang. Jiangling was taken. He was also made Chief of the Southern Man. When he was to take office as Chief of the Southern Man, the day fell under the four prohibitions. His clerks Zheng Xianzhi and the others asked to postpone it. He refused. He issued an edict proclaiming clemency and relief. In the fourth month the army marched on Xiangyang. Xiuzhi and his followers fled to Yao Xing. The Jin emperor again pressed the earlier honors on him: Grand Tutor and Governor of Yangzhou, sword and shoes in the hall, no hurrying in court, no naming in obeisance, forward feather-canopy and martial music, four chiefs of staff, marshals, and attending gentlemen on left and right, and enfeoffment of his third son Yilong as Duke of North Pengcheng. On the day jiazi in the eighth month the Emperor returned from Jiangling. He gave back the yellow battle-axe and refused Grand Tutor, Governor, and the forward canopy and music, but accepted the other honors.
56
十二年正月，晉帝詔帝依舊辟士，加領平北將軍、兗州刺史，增督南秦，凡二十二州。 帝以平北文武寡少，不宜別置，於是罷平北府，以並大府。 三月，加帝中外大都督。
In the first month of the twelfth year the Jin emperor ordered the Emperor to recruit gentlemen as before, made him General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Yanzhou, and extended his command to Southern Qin—for twenty-two provinces in all. The Emperor held that Pacifying the North had too few officials and soldiers to warrant a separate headquarters, so he abolished that office and merged it into his main headquarters. In the third month he was made Grand Commander of Court and Country.
57
初，帝平齊，仍有定關、洛意，遇盧循侵逼，故寢。 及荊、雍平，乃謀外略。 會姚興死，子泓新立，兄弟相殺，關中擾亂。 四月乙丑，帝表伐關、洛，乃戒嚴北討，加領征西將軍、司豫二州刺史。 以世子為徐、兗二州刺史。 帝欲以義聲懷遠，奉琅邪王北伐。 五月，廬江霍山崩，獲六鍾，獻之天子。 癸巳，加領北雍州刺史，前後部羽葆、鼓吹，增班劍為四十人。 八月丁巳，率大眾進發，以世子為中軍將軍，監太尉留府事，尚書右僕射劉穆之為左僕射，領監軍、中軍二府軍司，入居東府，總攝內外。 九月，帝至彭城，加領北徐州刺史。 十月，眾軍至洛，圍金墉，降之。 修復晉五陵，置守衛。
After pacifying Qi he still meant to recover the Guan and Luo region, but Lu Xun's invasion forced him to set that plan aside. With Jing and Yong secure, he turned to campaigns abroad. Yao Xing died. His son Hong had just taken the throne; brothers turned on one another and Guanzhong fell into chaos. On the day yichou in the fourth month the Emperor memorialized for a campaign against Guan and Luo, ordered the army to prepare for a northern expedition, and was also made General Who Campaigns West and Governor of Si and Yu. The heir was made Governor of Xu and Yan. The Emperor wished to win the distant lands by righteous fame and to lead the Prince of Langye north in person. In the fifth month Mount Huo in Lujiang collapsed. Six bells were found and sent to the throne. On the day guisi he was also made Governor of Northern Yong, with forward and rear canopies, martial music, and forty ceremonial swords. On the day dingsi in the eighth month he led the main army out. The heir was made Central Army General and oversaw affairs at the Grand Commandant's headquarters. Liu Muzhi, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, became Left Vice Director and took charge of the Overseer Army and Central Army staffs at the Eastern Headquarters, directing affairs within and without. In the ninth month the Emperor reached Pengcheng and was also made Governor of Northern Xu. In the tenth month the army reached Luoyang, besieged Jinyong, and took its surrender. The five Jin imperial tombs were restored and guards were posted.
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十二月壬申，晉帝加帝位相國、總百揆、揚州牧，封十郡為宋公，備九錫之禮，加璽紱、遠遊冠、綠綟綬，位在諸侯王上。 策曰：
In the twelfth month, on the day renshen, the Jin emperor made him Chief Minister, overseer of all government and Governor of Yangzhou, Duke of Song over ten commanderies, with the Nine Bestowals, imperial seals and cord, the far-wandering cap, and the Chief Minister's green sash, ranking him above all princes and kings. The mandate reads:
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朕以寡昧，仰纘洪基，夷羿乘釁，蕩覆王室，越在南鄙，遷於九江。 宗祀絕饗，人神無位，提挈群凶，寄命江浦，則我祖宗之烈，奄墜於地，七百之祚，翦焉既傾，若涉巨海，罔知攸濟。 天未絕晉，誕育英輔，振厥弛維，再造區宇，興亡繼絕，俾昏作明，元勳至德，朕實攸賴。
I am dull and weak, yet I uphold the great foundation. Yi seized his chance, overthrew the throne, fled south, and moved the court to Jiujiang. The ancestral rites ceased; gods and men were displaced. I was dragged along with rebels and lived as a refugee on the river. Our ancestors' legacy collapsed; seven hundred years of fortune fell. I was as one drowning in a great sea, with no shore in sight. Heaven did not yet end Jin. It sent a great helper who tightened the loosened bonds, remade the realm, restored the fallen, and brought light to the dark. In supreme merit and virtue I truly rely on him.
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今將授公典策，其敬聽朕命：乃者，桓玄肆僭，滔天泯夏，拔本塞源，顛蹶六位，庶僚俛眉，四方莫恤。 公精貫朝日，氣陵虹蜺，奮其靈武，大殲群慝，克復皇邑，奉歆神只。 此公之大節始于勤王者也。 授律群後，泝流長騖，薄伐崢嶸，獻捷南郢，大憝折首，群逆畢夷，三光旋采，舊物反正。 此又公之功也。 出藩入輔，弘茲保弼，阜財利用，繁殖黎元，編戶歲滋，疆宇日啟，導德明刑，四境有截。 此又公之功也。 鮮卑負眾，僭盜三齊，介恃遐阻，仍為邊害，公搜乘秣馬，敻入遠疆，沖櫓四臨，萬雉俱潰，拓土三千，申威龍漠。 此又公之功也。 盧循祅凶，伺隙五嶺，侵覆江、豫，矢及王城，國議遷都之規，家獻徙卜之計，公乘轅南濟，義形於色，運奇攄略，英謨不世，狡寇窮衄，喪旗宵遁，俾我畿甸，拯於將墜。 此又公之功也。 追奔逐北，揚旍江濆，偏旅浮海，指日遄至，番禺之功，俘級萬數，左裏之捷，鳥散魚潰，元凶遠竄，傳首萬里。 此又公之功也。 劉毅叛換，負釁西夏，陵上罔主，志肆奸暴，公禦軌以刑，消之不日，罪人斯得，荊、衡甯晏。 此又公之功也。 譙縱怙亂，寇竊一隅，王化阻閡，三巴淪溺，公指命偏帥，授以良圖，陵波憑湍，致屆井絡，僭豎伏鑕，梁、岷草偃。 此又公之功也。 馬休、魯宗，阻兵內侮，驅率二方，連旗稱亂，公投袂星言，研其上略，江津之師，勢踰風電，回旆沔川，實繁震懾，二叛奔迸，荊、雍來蘇。 此又公之功也。 永嘉不競，四夷擅華，五都傾蕩，山陵幽辱，祖宗懷沒世之憤，遺甿有匪風之思，公遠齊阿衡納隍之仁，近同小白滅亡之恥，鞠旅陳師，赫然大號，分命群帥，北徇司、兗，許、鄭風靡，鞏、洛載清，百年榛穢，一朝掃滌。 此又公之功也。
Now I confer the canonical mandate upon him. Hear my command: Huan Xuan usurped power, overwhelmed Heaven, and destroyed the dynasty. He uprooted the state and overturned the cosmic order. Officials bowed in fear; none could save the realm. The Duke's spirit matched the sun; his valor reached the heavens. He crushed the rebels, recovered the capital, and restored the emperor to the spirits' altar. This was his first great act of loyalty, when he served the righteous cause. He took command among the lords, marched upstream, struck the highlands, and won victory at Southern Jing. The chief rebel was destroyed and all enemies swept away. The realm was restored to order. This too was his achievement. As minister at court and lord abroad, he enriched the people, increased households, extended the borders, governed by virtue, and brought peace to the four quarters. This too was his achievement. The Xianbei seized the three Qi and, from their distant strongholds, plagued the borders. The Duke gathered his forces and drove deep into the frontier. His assault towers surrounded the enemy on every side; fortress after fortress fell. Three thousand li of territory were won and his authority proclaimed across the northern desert. This too was his achievement. Lu Xun the rebel watched his chance in the five ridges, swept through Jiang and Yu, and threatened the capital itself. Some urged moving the capital; others urged moving their households. The Duke crossed the river in person, righteous wrath on his face. By unmatched strategy he drove the rebel to flight by night and saved the capital from ruin. This too was his achievement. He pursued the fleeing enemy along the river and sent a fleet across the sea that arrived within days. At Panyu tens of thousands were captured; at Zuoli the enemy broke and scattered like birds and fish. The chief rebel fled far away; his head was sent a thousand leagues. This too was his achievement. Liu Yi rebelled in the west, insulted the throne, and gave free rein to treachery and violence. The Duke struck with the law and destroyed him within a day. The rebel was taken and Jing and Heng were pacified. This too was his achievement. Qiao Zong seized a corner of the realm, blocked royal authority, and drowned the three Ba in rebellion. The Duke sent a detached force with a sound plan. They crossed the rapids, reached the heart of the region, executed the usurper, and pacified Liang and Min. This too was his achievement. Ma Xiu and Lu Zong took up arms in the interior, rallied two regions, and raised rebellion. The Duke moved like a star, outgeneraled them, and struck at the river crossing with the force of wind and lightning. The rebels fled; Jing and Yong revived under his rule. This too was his achievement. Since Yongjia the barbarians had seized China; the five capitals were lost; the tombs lay in shame. The dead cried for vengeance; the living yearned for restoration. The Duke matched Yi Yin who saved the drowning king and the Duke of Qi who avenged a fallen state. He raised his army, proclaimed a great crusade, and sent his generals north to Si and Yan. Xu and Zheng submitted; Gong and Luo were cleared. A century of ruin was swept away in a morning. This too was his achievement.
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公有康宇內之勳，重之以明德。 爰初發跡，則奇謨冠古，電擊強祅，則鋒無前對，聿寧東畿，大造黔首。 若乃草昧經綸，化融于歲計，扶危靜亂，道固于苞桑。 蠲削煩苛，較若畫一，淳風美化，盈塞區宇。 是以絕域獻琛，遐夷納贐，王略所宣，九服率從。 雖文命之東漸西被，咎繇之邁於種德，何以尚茲。 朕聞先王之宰世也，庸勳尊賢，建侯胙土，褒以寵章，崇其徽物，所以協輔皇室，永隆藩屏。 故曲阜光啟，遂荒徐宅，營丘表海，四履有聞。 其在襄王，亦賴匡霸，又命晉文，備物光賜。 惟公道冠前烈，勳高振古，而殊典未飾，朕甚懵焉！ 今進授相國，以徐州之彭城沛蘭陵下邳淮陽山陽廣陵、兗州之高平魯泰山十郡封公為宋公，錫茲玄土，苴以白茅，爰定爾居，用建塚社。 昔晉、鄭啟藩，入作卿士，周、召保傅，出總二南，內外之任，公實兼之。 今命使持節、兼太尉、尚書左僕射晉寧縣五等男湛授相國印綬，宋公璽紱，使持節、兼司空、散騎常侍、尚書陽遂鄉侯泰授宋公茅土，金虎符第一至第五左，竹使符第一至第十左。 相國位無不總，禮絕朝班，居常之名，宜與事革。 其以相國總百揆，去錄尚書之號； 上送所假節、侍中貂蟬、中外都督太傅太尉印綬、豫章公印策； 進揚州刺史為牧，領征西將軍、司豫北徐雍四州刺史如故。
The Duke has brought peace to the realm, and his virtue matches his deeds. From his first rise his plans surpassed the ancients. He struck down mighty rebels with lightning speed, pacified the eastern capital, and saved the people. In founding the state he transformed the realm year by year; in saving it from peril he made the Way firm as the mulberry root. He cut away harsh laws with uniform fairness and spread pure civilization throughout the world. Therefore the farthest lands sent tribute and all the nine regions followed his rule. Not even Yu the Great's reach east and west, nor Gao Yao's virtue in planting goodness, could surpass this. I have heard that the ancient kings governed by honoring merit and the worthy, enfeoffing lords and rewarding them with honors, so that they might support the throne and guard the realm forever. Thus Qufu was glorified and Xu extended; Yingqiu looked to the sea and its fame reached the four quarters. King Xiang too relied on hegemons to restore order; he richly rewarded Duke Wen of Jin with full honors. The Duke's virtue surpasses the ancients and his merit shakes history, yet the highest honors have not been granted. I am deeply at fault! Now I make him Chief Minister and Duke of Song over ten commanderies: Pengcheng, Pei, Lanling, Xiapi, Huaiyang, Shanyang, and Guangling in Xu, and Gaoping, Lu, and Taishan in Yan. I bestow this sacred earth wrapped in white thatch, that he may fix his dwelling and establish his altar of soil and grain. Of old Jin and Zheng were frontier lords who became chief ministers; the dukes of Zhou and Shao tutored the heir and governed abroad. The Duke unites both roles. I send Commissioner Zhan, Grand Commandant and Left Vice Director, Baron of Jinning, to confer the Chief Minister's seals and cord and the Duke of Song's seals and sash. I send Commissioner Tai, Minister of Works, Regular Attendant, and Master of Writing, Marquis of Yangsui, to confer the enfeoffment earth, golden tiger tallies one through five on the left, and bamboo envoy tallies one through ten on the left. The Chief Minister oversees all affairs and stands above the court. His ordinary title should change with his new office. Let him as Chief Minister oversee all government and drop the title Recording the Masters of Writing; return the borrowed tally, Attendant's regalia, seals of Grand Commander, Grand Tutor, and Grand Commandant, and the Duke of Yuzhang's seal and mandate; advance him to Governor of Yangzhou, retaining General Who Campaigns West and the governorships of Si, Yu, Northern Xu, and Yong.
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公紀綱禮度，萬國是式，乘介蹈方，罔有遷志，是用錫公大路、戎路各一，玄牡二駟； 公抑末敦本，務農重積，采蘩實殷，稼穡惟阜，是用錫公袞冕之服，赤舄副焉； 公閑邪納正，移風改俗，陶鈞品物，如樂之和，是用錫公軒縣之樂、六佾之舞； 公宣美王化，導揚休風，華夷企踵，遠人胥萃，是用錫公朱戶以居； 公官方任能，網羅幽滯，九皋辭野，髦士盈朝，是用錫公納陛以登； 公當軸處中，率下以義，式遏寇讎，滌除苛慝，是用錫公虎賁之士三百人； 公明罰恤刑，庶獄詳允，放命幹紀，罔有攸縱，是用錫公鈇鉞各一； 公龍驤鳳矯，咫尺八紘，括囊四海，折沖無外，是用錫公彤弓一、彤矢百，玈弓十、玈矢千； 公溫恭孝思，致虔禋祀，忠肅之志，儀刑四方，是用錫公秬鬯一卣，圭瓚副焉。 宋國置丞相以下，一遵舊儀。 欽哉，其祗服往命，茂對天休，簡恤庶邦，敬敷顯德，以終我高祖之嘉命！ 置宋國侍中、黃門侍郎、尚書左丞，即隨大使奉迎。 枹罕虜乞伏熾盤遣使謁帝，求效力討姚泓，拜為平西將軍、河南公。
The Duke's governance is the model for all states. He holds firm to the right path and never wavers. Therefore he is granted a great chariot and a war chariot, each with a team of four dark stallions; The Duke honors the root over the branch, devotes himself to farming, and gathers rich harvests. For this he is granted the highest robe and cap, with red shoes; The Duke corrects evil and upholds the right, transforms customs, and shapes all things as music shapes harmony. For this he is granted royal music and the six-row dance; The Duke spreads royal civilization and fine customs; Chinese and barbarians alike look to him, and distant peoples gather. For this he is granted vermilion doors for his dwelling; The Duke appoints the able and gathers the neglected; worthy men fill the court. For this he is granted the hidden steps to ascend; The Duke holds the center, leads by righteousness, repels enemies, and clears away harsh wrongs. For this he is granted three hundred tiger guards; The Duke clarifies punishments and judges fairly; rebels and lawbreakers have nowhere to flee. For this he is granted an axe and a ceremonial axe; The Duke soars like dragon and phoenix; within a foot he commands the eight directions, holds the four seas in his grasp, and repels every foe abroad. For this he is granted one red bow and a hundred red arrows, ten black bows and a thousand black arrows; The Duke is reverent in filial piety and sincere in sacrifice; his loyal devotion is the model for all the realm. For this he is granted sacred wine and libation vessels. In the state of Song, from Chief Minister down, all offices follow the old regulations. Reverence! Reverently accept this mandate, answer Heaven's blessing, care for the people, spread your bright virtue, and fulfill my high ancestor's command! Let Song establish Attendants, Gentlemen of the Yellow Gate, and the Left Assistant Director to welcome the envoy at once. Qifu Chipan of Baoheng sent envoys to the Emperor offering to join the campaign against Yao Hong. He was made General Who Pacifies the West and Duke of Henan.
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十三年正月，帝以舟師進討，留彭城公義隆鎮彭城。 軍次陳留城，經張良廟，下令以時修飾棟宇致薦焉。 晉帝追贈帝祖為太常，父為特進、左光祿大夫，讓不受。 二月，冠軍將軍檀道濟等軍次潼關。 三月庚辰，帝率大軍入河。 五月，帝至洛陽，謁晉五陵。 七月，至陝，龍驤將軍王鎮惡舟師自河浮渭。 八月，扶風太守沈田子大破姚泓軍于藍田，王鎮惡克長安，禽姚泓。 始義熙九年，歲、鎮、熒惑、太白聚東井，至是而關中平。 九月，帝至長安。 長安豐稔，帑藏盈積，帝先收其彝器、渾儀、土圭、記裏鼓、指南車及秦始皇玉璽送之都； 其餘珍寶珠玉，悉以班賜將帥。 遷姚宗於江南，送泓斬于建康市。 謁漢長陵，大會文武於未央殿。
In the first month of the thirteenth year the Emperor marched by river. He left Yilong, Duke of Pengcheng, to guard the city. The army halted at Chenliu. At Zhang Liang's temple the Emperor ordered that the halls be repaired in season and offerings made. The Jin emperor posthumously honored the Emperor's grandfather as Minister of Ceremonies and his father as Special Court Advisor and Left Household Master of Light. The Emperor declined. In the second month Tan Daoji and other generals reached Tong Pass. On the day gengchen in the third month the Emperor led the main army across the Yellow River. In the fifth month the Emperor reached Luoyang and visited the five Jin imperial tombs. In the seventh month he reached Shan. Wang Zhen'e, Flying-Dragon General, sailed his fleet from the Yellow River onto the Wei. In the eighth month Shen Tianzi, Administrator of Fufeng, routed Yao Hong's army at Lantian. Wang Zhen'e took Chang'an and captured Hong alive. Since the ninth year of Yixi, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus had gathered at the Well constellation. Now Guanzhong was pacified. In the ninth month the Emperor reached Chang'an. Chang'an was rich and its granaries full. The Emperor first sent its ritual vessels, armillary sphere, earth square, mile-measuring drum, south-pointing carriage, and the jade seal of the First Emperor of Qin to the capital; and distributed the rest of the jewels and treasures among his generals. The Yao clan was resettled south of the river. Hong was sent to the capital and beheaded in the market at Jiankang. He visited the tomb of Emperor Gaozu of Han and held a great assembly of civil and military officials in Weiyang Palace.
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十月，晉帝詔進宋公爵為王，加十郡益宋國，並前為二十郡。 其相國、揚州牧、領征西將軍、司豫北徐雍四州刺史如故。 帝欲息駕長安，經略趙、魏，十一月，前將軍劉穆之卒，乃歸。 十二月庚子，發自長安，以桂陽公義真為雍州刺史，鎮長安，留腹心將佐以輔之。
In the tenth month the Jin emperor ordered that the Duke of Song advance to King, adding ten commanderies to the state of Song—for twenty commanderies in all. He remains Chief Minister, Governor of Yangzhou, General Who Campaigns West, and governor of Si, Yu, Northern Xu, and Yong. The Emperor meant to remain at Chang'an and plan for Zhao and Wei, but in the eleventh month Liu Muzhi, Forward General, died, and he turned homeward. In the twelfth month, on the day gengzi, he left Chang'an. Yizhen, Duke of Guiyang, was made Governor of Yong and garrisoned Chang'an, with trusted generals left to assist him.
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十四年正月壬戌，帝至彭城，解嚴息甲。 以輔國將軍劉遵考為并州刺史，領河東太守，鎮蒲阪。 帝解司州，領徐、冀二州刺史，固讓進爵。 時漢中成固縣漢水崖際有異聲如雷，俄頃岸崩，有銅鍾十二，出自潛壤。 鞏縣人宗曜于其田所獲嘉禾，九穗同莖，帝以獻，晉帝以歸於我。 帝沖讓，乃止。 六月丁亥，受相國宋公九錫之命，下命赦國內殊死以下。 詔崇豫章太夫人為宋公太妃，世子為中軍將軍副貳，相國府百官悉依天朝之制。 又詔宋國所封十郡之外，悉得除用。 先是，安西中兵參軍沈田子殺安西司馬王鎮惡，諸將殺安西長史王修，關中亂。 十月，帝遣右將軍朱齡石代安西將軍桂陽公義真為雍州刺史。 義真還，為赫連勃勃所追，大敗，僅以身免，諸將帥及齡石並沒。
In the first month of the fourteenth year, on the day renxu, the Emperor reached Pengcheng and stood the army down. Liu Zunkao, Assistant General Who Assists the State, was made Governor of Bing and Hedong and garrisoned Puban. The Emperor gave up Si province and took Xu and Ji, but again refused advancement in rank. At that time on the Han River cliffs at Chenggu in Hanzhong came a sound like thunder. The bank collapsed, and twelve bronze bells rose from the buried earth. Zong Yao of Gong county found fine grain in his field, nine ears on a single stalk. The Emperor sent it as tribute, and the Jin emperor returned it to him. The Emperor modestly declined, and the matter was dropped. On the day dinghai in the sixth month he received the mandate of Chief Minister, Duke of Song, and the Nine Bestowals, and ordered a pardon for all within the state guilty of capital crimes and below. An edict made the Grand Matron of Yuzhang Grand Consort of the Duke of Song and the heir Central Army General and deputy at the Chief Minister's headquarters; all other offices followed the imperial court's system. It was also ordered that appointments might be made beyond the ten commanderies of Song. Earlier Shen Tianzi, staff officer of the Pacifying West army, killed Wang Zhen'e, its marshal; the generals then killed Wang Xiu, its chief of staff. Guanzhong fell into chaos. In the tenth month the Emperor sent Zhu Lingshi, Right General, to replace Yizhen as Governor of Yong. On his return Yizhen was pursued by Helian Bobo, routed, and barely escaped alive. The generals and Lingshi were all lost.
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十二月，晉安帝崩，大司馬琅邪王即帝位。 元熙元年正月，晉帝詔征帝入輔，又申前令，進公爵為王，以徐州之海陵北東海北譙北梁、豫州之新蔡、兗州之北陳留、司州之陳郡汝南潁川滎陽十郡，增宋國。 七月，乃受命。 赦國內五歲刑以下，遷都壽陽。 九月，解揚州。 十二月，晉帝命帝冕十有二旒，建天子旌旗，出警入蹕，乘金根車，駕六馬，備五時副車，置旄頭雲罕，樂舞八佾，設鍾虡宮縣。 進王太妃為太后，王妃為王后，世子為太子，王子、王孫爵命之號，一如舊儀。 二年正月，帝表讓殊禮。 竟陵郡江濱自開，出古銅禮器十餘枚，帝獻之晉帝，讓不受，於是歸諸瑞物，藏於相府。 四月，詔遣敦勸，兼征帝入輔。 六月壬戌，帝至都。 甲寅，晉帝禪位於宋。 有司草詔既成，請書之，天子即便操筆，謂左右曰：「桓玄之時，天命已改，重為劉公所延，將二十載。 今日之事，本所甘心。」 甲子，遣使奉策曰：
In the twelfth month Emperor An of Jin died. The Grand Marshal, Prince of Langye, took the throne. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxi the Jin emperor summoned the Emperor to court, again pressed the earlier honors on him, advanced the Duke to King, and added ten commanderies to Song: Hailing, Northern Donghai, Northern Qiao, and Northern Liang in Xuzhou; Xincai in Yuzhou; Northern Chenliu in Yanzhou; and Chen, Runan, Yingchuan, and Xingyang in Sizhou. In the seventh month he at last accepted the mandate. He pardoned all within the state guilty of punishments of five years and below and moved the capital to Shouyang. In the ninth month he relinquished Yangzhou. In the twelfth month the Jin emperor granted him the twelve-tassel cap, the Son of Heaven's banners, imperial escort, the golden-root chariot with six horses, five seasonal chariots, yak-tail and cloud pennants, eight-row dance, and palace bells. His mother was made Empress Dowager, his wife Queen, his heir Crown Prince; titles for princes and grandsons followed the old regulations. In the first month of the second year the Emperor memorialized declining these special honors. At the Jiang riverbank in Jingling commandery the ground opened by itself, and more than ten ancient bronze ritual vessels emerged. The Emperor offered them to the Jin emperor, who declined to accept them; they were then treated as auspicious objects and stored at the Chief Minister's headquarters. In the fourth month an edict sent earnest persuasion and again summoned the Emperor to court. On the day renxu in the sixth month the Emperor reached the capital. On the day jiayin the Jin emperor abdicated to Song. When the abdication edict was drafted, it was sent to the emperor to copy. He took the brush at once and said to those beside him: "Under Huan Xuan the mandate had already changed. Duke Liu extended my reign for nearly twenty years. Today's affair is what my heart has long accepted." On the day jiazi he sent envoys bearing the mandate document, which read:
67
咨爾宋王，夫玄古權輿，悠哉邈矣，其詳靡得而聞。 爰自書契，降逮三、五，莫不以上聖君四海，止戈定大業。 然則帝王者，宰物之通器，君道者，天下之至公也。 昔在上葉，深鑒茲道，是以天祿既終，唐、虞弗得傳其嗣，符命來格，舜、禹不獲全其謙。 所以經緯三才，澄序彝化，作范振古，垂風萬葉，莫尚於茲。 自是厥後，歷代彌劭。 漢既嗣德於放勳，魏亦方軌于重華，諒以協謀乎人鬼，而以百姓為心者也。
To you, King of Song: in deepest antiquity, when rule first arose, the details are lost in time. From the age of writing down to the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, sages ruled the four seas, stopped war, and fixed the great enterprise. The emperor is the vessel for ruling all things; the ruler's way is the utmost fairness under Heaven. In high antiquity, when Heaven's blessing ended, Tang and Yu could not pass the throne to their sons; when the mandate came, Shun and Yu could not keep their modest refusal. Thus they ordered the three realms, set the transforming norms, made models for all time, and handed down virtue for ten thousand generations. Thereafter each age grew stronger in this. Han followed Yao's virtue; Wei matched Shun's track. They harmonized men and spirits and took the people as their heart.
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昔我祖宗欽明，辰居其極，而明晦代序，盈虧有期，翦商兆禍，非惟一世，曾是弗克，矧伊在今，天之所廢，有自來矣。 惟王體上聖之姿，包二儀之德，明齊日月，道合四時。 乃者，社稷傾覆，王拯而存之，中原蕪梗，又濟而復之。 自負固不賓，幹紀放命，肆逆滔天，竊據萬里，靡不潤之以風雨，震之以雷霆。 九伐之道既敷，八法之化自理，豈伊博施於人，濟斯黔庶，固已義洽四海，道盛八荒者矣。 至於上天垂象，四靈效征，圖讖之文既明，人神之望已改，百工歌于朝，庶人頌乎野，億兆抃踴，傾佇惟新。 自非百姓樂推，天命攸集，豈伊在予所得獨專。 是用仰祗皇靈，俯順群議，敬禪神器，授帝位於爾躬。 大祚其窮，天祿永終。 於戲！ 王其允執其中，敬遵典訓，副率土之嘉願，恢洪業于無窮，時膺休佑，以答三靈之眷望。 又遣使持節、兼太保、散騎常侍、光祿大夫謝澹，兼太尉、尚書劉宣范奉璽書，歸皇帝璽綬，受終之禮，一如唐虞、漢魏故事。 帝奉表陳讓，晉帝已遜于琅邪王第，表不獲通。 於是陳留王虔嗣等二百七十人及宋台群臣並上表勸進，猶不許。 太史令駱達陳天文符應曰：「案晉義熙元年至元熙元年，太白晝見經天凡七，占曰：'太白經天，人更主，異姓興。 義熙七年，五虹見於東方，占曰：'五虹見，天子黜，聖人出。 九年，鎮星、歲星、太白、熒惑聚于東井。 十三年，鎮星入太微。 占曰：'鎮星守太微，有立王，有徙王。 元熙元年冬，黑龍四登于天，易傳曰：'冬，龍見，天子亡社稷，大人受命。 冀州道人釋法稱告其弟子曰：'嵩神言，江東有劉將軍，漢家苗裔，當受天命，吾以璧三十二、鎮金一餅與之，劉氏卜世之數也。 漢建武至建安末一百九十六年而禪魏，魏自黃初至咸熙末四十六年而禪晉，晉自泰始至今百五十六年，三代揖讓，咸窮於六。 又漢光武社於南陽，漢末而其樹死，劉備有蜀，乃應之而興； 及晉季年，舊根始萌，至是而盛矣。」 若此者有數十條。 群臣又固請，乃從之。
Our ancestors were reverent and bright, and the pole star stood firm; yet light and dark alternate, and fullness and waning have their terms. The fall of Shang foretold calamity for many ages. Once it could not be overcome; how much less today. What Heaven abolishes has long been foretold. Only you hold the sage's stature, embrace heaven and earth's virtue, shine like sun and moon, and match the four seasons in your Way. When the altars fell, you saved them; when the central plains lay waste, you restored them. From stubborn rebels to those who defied the law and seized vast territories—none escaped your rain of grace or thunder of wrath. The nine campaigns were carried out; the eight methods brought order. You have not only enriched the people and saved the masses; your righteousness fills the four seas and your authority the eight directions. Heaven shows signs; the four spirits send omens; prophecies are clear; men and spirits have turned their hope. Craftsmen sing in court, people chant in the fields, and all the realm leaps, awaiting the new age. Unless the people pushed and Heaven's mandate gathered, how could I hold this alone? Therefore I reverently follow Heaven and the people's will, abdicate the throne, and confer the imperial seat upon you. The great fortune is ended; Heaven's blessing passes away. Alas! King, hold the center, follow the canon, fulfill the realm's wish, extend the great enterprise without end, receive Heaven's blessing, and answer the three spirits' regard. He also sent Commissioner Xie Tan, Grand Tutor and Household Master of Light, and Liu Xuanfan, Grand Commandant and Master of Writing, bearing the imperial letter, returning the imperial seals and cord, with the rites of abdication following the precedents of Tang-Yu and Han-Wei. The Emperor submitted a memorial of refusal. The Jin emperor had already moved to the Prince of Langye's residence; the memorial could not reach him. Then Qian Si, Prince of Chenliu, with two hundred seventy others, and all the ministers of Song, memorialized urging him to accept the throne. He still refused. Grand Astrologer Luo Da presented the correspondence of heavenly signs, saying: "From the first year of Yixi of Jin to the first year of Yuanxi, Venus crossed the heavens in daylight seven times. The prognostication says: 'When Venus crosses the heavens, rulers change and a different surname rises. In the seventh year of Yixi, five rainbows appeared in the east. The prognostication says: 'When five rainbows appear, the Son of Heaven is deposed and a sage emerges. In the ninth year, Saturn, Jupiter, Venus, and Mars gathered in the Well constellation. In the thirteenth year, Saturn entered the Grand Subtlety. The prognostication says: 'When Saturn guards the Grand Subtlety, a king is established and a king is displaced. In the winter of the first year of Yuanxi, black dragons ascended to heaven four times. The Commentary on the Changes says: 'When a dragon appears in winter, the Son of Heaven loses the altars of state and a great man receives the mandate. The Daoist monk Fazheng of Jizhou told his disciples: 'The Spirit of Mount Song says: East of the river there is General Liu, a scion of the Han house, who is to receive Heaven's mandate. I give him thirty-two jade disks and one ingot of stabilizing gold—the number by which the Liu house's reign is divined. From Jianwu of Han to the end of Jian'an was one hundred ninety-six years, then abdication to Wei; from Huangchu of Wei to the end of Xianxi was forty-six years, then abdication to Jin; from Taishi of Jin to the present is one hundred fifty-six years. Three dynasties yielding the throne all exhausted their term at six. Also when Emperor Guangwu of Han established the altars at Nanyang, the tree there died at the end of Han; when Liu Bei held Shu, it responded and flourished; by the last years of Jin the old root first sprouted, and by now it had grown luxuriant. There were several tens of items like these. The ministers pressed again, and he at last accepted.
69
永初元年夏六月丁卯，皇帝即位于南郊，設壇，柴燎告天曰：
In the sixth month of summer of the inaugural year Yongchu, on the day dingmao, the Emperor took the throne at the southern suburb, raised an altar, burned firewood to announce his accession to Heaven, and said:
70
皇帝臣裕敢用玄牡，昭告於皇皇后帝：
The Emperor, your subject Yu, ventures to offer a black bull and proclaim plainly to August Heaven and Sovereign Earth:
71
晉以卜世告終，歷數有歸，欽若景運，以命於裕。 夫樹君宰世，天下為公，德充帝王，樂推攸集。 越俶唐虞，降暨漢魏，靡不以上哲格文祖，元勳陟帝位，故能大拯黔首，垂訓無窮。 晉自東遷，四維不振，宰輔焉依，為日已久。 難棘隆安，禍成元興，遂至帝主遷播，宗祀堙滅。 裕雖地非齊、晉，眾無一旅，仰憤時難，俯悼橫流，投袂一起，則皇祀克復。 及危而能持，顛而能扶，奸宄具殲，僭偽亦滅，誠興廢有期，否終有數。 至於大造晉室，撥亂濟時，因藉時來，實屍其重。 加以殊俗慕義，重譯來庭，正朔所暨，咸服聲教。 至乃三靈垂象，山川告祥，人神協祉，歲月滋著。 是以群公卿士，億兆夷人，僉曰：「皇靈降鑒於上，晉朝款誠於下，天命不可以久淹，宸極不可以暫曠。」 遂逼群議，恭茲大禮。 猥以寡德，托於兆人之上，雖仰畏天威，略是小節，顧深永懷，祗懼若霣。 敬簡元日，升壇受禪，告類上帝，用酬萬國之情，克隆天保，永祚于有宋。 惟明靈是饗！ 禮畢，備法駕，幸建康宮，臨太極前殿，大赦，改元。 賜人爵二級。 鰥寡孤獨不能自存者，人穀五斛，逋租宿責勿收。 其犯鄉論清議，贓汙淫盜，一皆蕩滌。 長徒之身，特皆原遣。 亡官失爵、禁錮奪勞，一依舊准。 封晉帝為零陵王，全食一郡，載天子旌旗，乘五時副車，行晉正朔，郊祀天地，禮樂制度，皆用晉典，上書不為表，答表不稱詔，宮於故秣陵。 追尊皇考為孝穆皇帝，妣為穆皇后，尊王太后為皇太后。 詔曰：「夫微禹之感，歎深後昆，愛人懷樹，猶或勿翦。 雖在異代，義無廢絕，降殺之儀，一依前典。 可降始興公為縣公，廬陵公為柴桑縣公，始安公為荔浦縣侯，長沙公為醴陵縣侯，康樂公即降為縣侯，奉王導、謝安、溫嶠、陶侃、謝玄之祀，其宣力義熙者，一仍本秩。」
The Jin emperor, because divination showed his dynasty's term had ended and the mandate had passed to its rightful holder, reverently followed the age's flourishing fortune and entrusted the mandate to Yu. To set up a ruler and govern the world: the realm belongs to all; when virtue matches that of emperors and kings, the people's willing endorsement gathers of itself. From Yao and Shun down through Han and Wei, none failed to have a supreme sage align with the founding ancestor of civilization and a chief merit-holder ascend the throne, thereby greatly rescuing the common people and handing down instruction without end. After the Jin moved south, the four pillars of order no longer held firm, and the court had long depended on chief ministers. Hardship piled up in the Long'an era, catastrophe took shape under Yuanxing, until emperors were driven from the capital and the ancestral rites were cut off. Though Yu's domain was no match for Qi or Jin and his forces scarcely amounted to a regiment, he looked up in anger at the age's calamities and down in grief at the flood of ruin; with a shake of his sleeve and one command, the imperial sacrifices were restored. In peril he could hold firm; when the order was overturned he could set it right; treacherous evildoers were wiped out and usurping pretenders destroyed. Truly, the revival of what had been cast down has its season, and the end of decline has its reckoning. As for greatly rebuilding the Jin house, quelling chaos and succoring the age—riding the tide of the times, he truly bore the heaviest burden. Moreover, distant peoples admired righteousness, envoys came again and again to court, and wherever the imperial calendar reached, all submitted to civilizing rule. Even the three luminaries sent down portents, mountains and rivers announced auspicious signs, and heaven and earth joined in blessing, so that the mandate grew clearer month by month and year by year. Therefore the nobles, ministers, and officials, and the hundred million common people, all said that the August Spirit looked down from above while the Jin court showed sincerity below: the Mandate of Heaven could not long be delayed, and the imperial throne could not remain vacant. They thereupon pressed him with collective counsel and respectfully performed this great ceremony. Humbly, with scant virtue, I rest upon the myriad people above; though in awe of Heaven's majesty this is a small matter, yet turning deeply to lasting recollection, I am reverently fearful as though about to fall. Respectfully selecting this great day, I ascend the altar to receive the abdication, announce the succession to High God, answer the feeling of all under Heaven, magnify Heaven's blessing, and grant everlasting fortune to Song. May the luminous spirits accept this offering! When the rite was concluded, with full imperial equipage he went to Jiankang Palace, took his seat in the front hall of the Grand Ultimate, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name. He granted the people two ranks of noble status. Widowers, widows, orphans, and the destitute who could not support themselves received five piculs of grain each; overdue rents and old debts were not collected. Those who violated village standards of conduct, or committed corruption, debauchery, or theft—all were cleared entirely. Persons sentenced to long penal service were all specially pardoned and sent home. Those who lost office or rank, were barred from office, or had labor levies taken—all followed the former standards. The Jin emperor was enfeoffed as Prince of Lingling, with the full revenue of one commandery. He bore the Son of Heaven's banners and flags, rode the five-season secondary chariot, followed the Jin calendar, and in sacrifices to Heaven and Earth, rites, music, and institutions—all followed Jin regulations. In memorials to the throne he did not use the form "memorial"; in replies the word "edict" was not used. He was housed at the old Moling. He posthumously honored his late father as Emperor Xiaomu, his late mother as Empress Mu, and honored the Wang Empress Dowager as Empress Dowager. An edict stated: "The regret at slighting Yu runs deep for later generations; one who loves others cherishes their trees, and even then may not cut them. Though in a different age, righteousness does not permit extinction; the propriety of lowering ranks should wholly follow the former canon. The Duke of Shixing may be reduced to Duke of Shixing county, the Duke of Luling to Duke of Chaisang county, the Duke of Shi'an to Marquis of Lipu, the Duke of Changsha to Marquis of Liling; the Duke of Kangle is immediately reduced to county marquis—to maintain the sacrifices to Wang Dao, Xie An, Wen Qiao, Tao Kan, and Xie Xuan. Those who exerted strength in the Yixi era keep their original ranks."
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庚午，以司空道憐為太尉，封長沙王，立南郡公義慶為臨川王。 又詔論戰亡追贈及酬賞除復之科。 乙亥，封皇子桂陽公義真為廬陵王，彭城公義隆為宜都王，義康為彭城王。 丁丑，使使巡行四方，旌賢舉善，問人疾苦，獄訟虧濫、政刑乖愆、傷化擾俗、未允人聽者，皆具以聞。 戊寅，詔增百官奉。 己卯，改晉泰始曆為永初曆，社以子，臘以辰。
On the day gengwu, Dao Lin, Minister of Works, was made Grand Marshal and enfeoffed as Prince of Changsha; Yiqing, Duke of Nan Commandery, was established as Prince of Linchuan. An edict also set forth regulations for posthumous compensation and rewards for those who died in battle. On the day yihai, Yizhen, Duke of Guiyang, was established as Prince of Luling; Yilong, Duke of Pengcheng, as Prince of Yidu; Yikang as Prince of Pengcheng. On the day dingchou, envoys were sent to travel the four directions, displaying the worthy and raising the good and asking of the people's afflictions. Where lawsuits were deficient or excessive, government and punishments deviated, or harm to order and disturbance of custom failed to satisfy the people's hearing—all were to report fully. On the day wuyin, an edict increased the salaries of the hundred officials. On the day jimao, the Jin Taishi calendar was changed to the Yongchu calendar, with the communal sacrifice at the zi day and the winter sacrifice at the chen day.
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八月辛酉，詔舊郡縣以北為名者悉除之，寓立于南者，聽以南為號。 戊辰，詔曰：「彭城桑梓，敦本斯隆，宜同豐、沛。 其沛郡、下邳各復租布三十年。」 辛未，追諡妃臧氏為敬皇后，陵曰永寧。 癸酉，立王太子義符為皇太子。 乙亥，赦見罪人。 閏月壬午，置晉帝諸陵守衛，其名賢先哲，詳加灑掃。 丁酉，林邑國遣使朝貢。
On the day xinyou in the eighth month, an edict ordered that all old commanderies and counties with "north" in their names remove it; those established in the south as exiles might use "south" in their designation. On the day wuchen, an edict stated: "Pengcheng is the mulberry-and-catalpa homeland; honoring one's roots should be exalted—as with Feng and Pei. Pei commandery and Xiapi may each have land cloth exempted for thirty years. On the day xinwei, the late consort Lady Zang was posthumously titled Empress Jing; her tomb was named Everlasting Peace. On the day guiyou, the crown prince Yifu was established as Crown Prince. On the day yihai, those currently under punishment were pardoned. On the day renwu in the intercalary month, guards were established for the tombs of the Jin emperors; famous worthies and former sages were carefully swept and tended. On the day dingyou, Lin Yi sent envoys with tribute.
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九月壬子，置東宮殿中將軍十人，員外二十人。 壬申，置都官尚書。
On the ninth month, on the day renzi, ten Eastern Palace Palace Army commanders were established, with twenty supernumerary posts. On the day renshen, the post of Minister of Justice was established.
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是歲，魏明元皇帝泰常五年。 西涼亡。
That year was the fifth year of Taichang under Emperor Mingyuan of Wei. Western Liang fell.
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二年春正月辛酉，祀南郊，大赦。 丙寅，斷金銀塗。 以揚州刺史廬陵王義真為司徒，以尚書僕射徐羨之為尚書令、揚州刺史。 己卯，禁喪事用銅釘。 罷會稽郡府。
In the second year, on the day xinyou in the first month, he sacrificed at the Southern Altar and proclaimed a general amnesty. On the day bingyin, the use of gold and silver gilding was forbidden. Yizhen, Prince of Luling and Governor of Yangzhou, was made Grand Tutor. Xu Xianzhi, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was made Director of the Masters of Writing and Governor of Yangzhou. On the day jimao, copper nails were forbidden in funerals. The Kuaiji commandery headquarters was abolished.
77
二月己丑，策試州郡秀、孝於延賢堂。 倭國遣使朝貢。 三月乙丑，初限荊州府置將不得過二千人，吏不得過一萬人。 州置將不得過五百人，吏不得過五千人。 兵士不在此限。 夏四月己卯，初禁淫祀，除諸房廟。 其先賢以勳德立祠者，不在此例。 戊申，聽訟于華林園。
In the second month, on the day jichou, provincial and commandery candidates for the Flowering Talent and Filial Piety titles were examined by decree in the Hall of Extended Worthies. Wa sent envoys with tribute. In the third month, on the day yichou, limits were first imposed: Jing province headquarters could have no more than two thousand officers and ten thousand clerks. For commandery headquarters, officers were capped at five hundred and clerks at five thousand. Soldiers were exempt from these limits. In the fourth month of summer, on the day jimao, illicit shrines were first forbidden and private lineage temples were abolished. Shrines erected to former worthies for merit and virtue were exempt. On the day wushen, he heard lawsuits in Hualin Garden.
78
五月己酉，置東宮屯騎、步兵、翊軍三校尉官。
In the fifth month, on the day jiyou, three Eastern Palace corps commanders were established: Mounted, Foot, and Assisting Army.
79
秋七月己巳，地震。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the day jisi, the earth quaked.
80
九月己丑，零陵王殂，宋志也。 車駕率百僚臨於朝堂三日，如魏明帝服山陽公故事。 使兼太尉持節護喪事，葬以晉禮。 冬十月己亥，以涼州胡帥大沮渠蒙遜為鎮軍大將軍、開府儀同三司、涼州刺史。
In the ninth month, on the day jichou, the Prince of Lingling died—as recorded in the Song Annals. The Emperor with the hundred officials attended at the court hall for three days, following Emperor Ming of Wei's precedent in mourning the Duke of Shanyang. He sent the concurrent Grand Commandant with credentials to oversee the funeral; burial followed Jin rites. In the tenth month of winter, on the day jihai, Juqu Mengxun, Xiongnu chieftain of Liang province, was made Grand General Who Guards the Army, granted privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and appointed Governor of Liang.
81
十一月辛亥，葬晉恭皇帝于沖平陵，車駕率百官瞻送。 三年春正月甲辰朔，詔刑罰無輕重悉原之。 癸丑，以尚書令揚州刺史徐羨之為司空、錄尚書事，刺史如故。 進江州刺史王弘衛將軍、開府儀同三司。 以太子詹事傅亮為尚書僕射。 二月丙戌，有星孛于虛、危。
In the eleventh month, on the day xinhai, Emperor Gong of Jin was buried at Chongping Mausoleum; the Emperor with the hundred officials attended the funeral procession. In the spring of the third year, on the first day of the first month, jiachen, an edict pardoned all crimes regardless of severity. On the day guichou, Xu Xianzhi, Director of the Masters of Writing and Governor of Yangzhou, was made Minister of Works and Recorder of Affairs of the Masters of Writing, retaining his governorship. Wang Hong, Governor of Jiang, was promoted to Guard General with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies. Fu Liang, Steward of the Heir Apparent's Household, was made Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. In the second month, on the day bingxu, a comet appeared in the lodges of Emptiness and Rooftop.
82
三月，上不豫，太尉長沙王道憐、司空徐羨之、尚書僕射傅亮、領軍將軍謝晦、護軍將軍檀道濟併入侍醫藥。 群臣請祈禱神只，上不許，惟使侍中謝方明以疾告廟而已。 丁未，以廬陵王義真為侍中、車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史。 己未，上疾瘳，大赦。
In the third month the Emperor fell ill. The Grand Commandant, Prince of Changsha Daoling; Xu Xianzhi, Minister of Works; Fu Liang, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Xie Hui, General of the Guard; and Tan Daoji, General Who Protects the Army—all entered to attend him with medicine. The ministers asked to pray to the spirits, but the Emperor refused. He had only Palace Attendant Xie Fangming report the illness to the ancestral temple. On the day dingwei, Yizhen, Prince of Luling, was made Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, granted privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, and appointed Governor of Southern Yu. On the day jiwei, the Emperor recovered; a general amnesty was proclaimed.
83
夏四月乙亥，封仇池公楊盛為武都郡王。
In the fourth month of summer, on the day yihai, Yang Sheng, Duke of Chouchi, was enfeoffed as King of Wudu.
84
五月，上疾甚，召太子，戒之曰：「檀道濟雖有幹略，而無遠志，非如兄韶有難禦之氣。 徐羨之、傅亮當無異圖。 謝晦屢從征伐，頗識機變，若有異，必此人也。 小卻，可以會稽、江州處之。」 又為手詔：「朝廷不須復有別府，宰相帶揚州，可置甲士千人。 若大臣中任要，宜有爪牙，以備不祥人者，可以台見留隊給之。 有征討，悉配以台見軍隊，行還復舊。 後世若有幼主，朝事一委任宰相，母后不煩臨朝。 仗既不許入台殿門，要重人可詳給班劍。」 癸亥，上崩於西殿，時年六十。 七月己酉，葬丹陽建康縣蔣山初寧陵。 群臣上諡曰武皇帝，廟號高祖。 上清簡寡欲，嚴整有法度，未嘗視珠玉輿馬之飾，後庭無紈綺絲竹之音。 初，朝廷未備音樂，長史殷仲文以為言，帝曰：「日不暇給，且所不解。」 仲文曰：「屢聽自然解之。」 帝曰：「政以解則好之，故不習耳。」 寧州嘗獻虎魄枕，光色甚麗，價盈百金。 時將北伐，以虎魄療金創，上大悅，命碎分賜諸將。 平關中，得姚興從女，有盛寵，以之廢事，謝晦諫，即時遣出。 財帛皆在外府，內無私藏。 宋台建，有司奏東西堂施局腳床，金塗釘，上不許。 使用直腳床，釘用鐵。 廣州嘗獻入筒細布，一端八丈，帝惡其精麗勞人，即付有司彈太守，以布還之，並制嶺南禁作此布。 帝素有熱病，並患金創，末年尤劇，坐臥常須冷物，後有人獻石床，寢之，極以為佳，乃歎曰：「木床且費，而況石邪。」 即令毀之。 制諸主出適，遣送不過二十萬，無錦繡金玉。 內外奉禁，莫不節儉。 性尤簡易，嘗著連齒木屐，好出神武門內左右逍遙，從者不過十餘人。 時徐羨之住西州，嘗思羨之，便步出西掖門，羽儀絡驛追隨，已出西明門矣。 諸子旦問起居，入合脫公服，止著裙帽，如家人之禮焉。
In the fifth month the Emperor was gravely ill. He summoned the Crown Prince and warned him: "Tan Daoji has talent and strategy, but no far-reaching ambition—not like my elder brother Shao, who had a spirit hard to withstand. Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang should have no other designs. Xie Hui has often followed on campaign and knows well how to read a moment. If anyone turns against you, it will be he. When he yields a little, place him in Kuaiji or Jiang province." He also wrote a hand edict: "The court need not again maintain separate headquarters. The chief minister who holds Yangzhou may keep one thousand armored men. If any great minister in an important post needs men at his side to guard against ill-intentioned persons, he may be given a guard detail from the palace garrison. When campaigns arise, they are to be supplied with palace garrison troops; on return, the former arrangement is restored. If in later generations there is a young ruler, court affairs are wholly entrusted to the chief minister; the Empress Dowager need not preside at court. As weapons may not enter the palace gates, men of consequence may instead be granted ceremonial swords." On the day guihai the Emperor died in the West Hall. He was sixty years old. In the seventh month, on the day jiyou, he was buried at Chuning Mausoleum on Mount Jiang in Jiankang, Danyang. The ministers submitted the posthumous title Emperor Wu and the temple name Gaozu. The Emperor was plain and abstemious, stern and orderly in law. He never looked upon pearls, jade, chariots, or horses as adornments, and in the inner quarters there was no silk, brocade, or music. At first the court had not yet established music. Chief Clerk Yin Zhongwen raised the matter. The Emperor said: "The day allows no spare time, and besides I do not understand it." Yin Zhongwen said: "Listen often, and you will naturally understand it." The Emperor said: "It is precisely because understanding it would make me like it that I do not study it." Ning province once sent an amber pillow of exquisite luster and color, worth more than a hundred in gold. At the time he was about to campaign north. As amber was said to treat metal wounds, the Emperor was greatly pleased and ordered it broken apart and distributed among the generals. After pacifying Guanzhong he took Yao Xing's niece by marriage and favored her greatly. He neglected affairs of state for her sake; Xie Hui remonstrated, and at once he sent her away. Treasures and silks were kept in the outer treasury; he kept no private store within. When the Song palace was built, the relevant offices proposed cabriole-legged beds with gilt nails for the east and west halls. The Emperor refused. Straight-legged beds were used instead, with iron nails. Guang province once sent fine tube-woven cloth, eight zhang per bolt. The Emperor hated its fineness as a burden on the people; at once he had the prefect impeached, returned the cloth, and forbade its manufacture south of the ranges. The Emperor had long suffered fever and old metal wounds; in his later years these grew especially severe, and sitting or lying he constantly needed something cool. Later someone presented a stone bed. He found it excellent to sleep on, yet sighed and said: "A wooden bed already costs enough—how much more a stone one?" At once he ordered it destroyed. He decreed that when princesses married out, the dowry sent with them might not exceed two hundred thousand, and must include no brocade, embroidery, gold, or jade. Within and without the court, all observed the prohibition; none were not frugal. His nature was especially plain and easy. He once wore wooden clogs with connected teeth and liked to stroll freely within the Shenwu Gate, with no more than a dozen men following. At the time Xu Xianzhi lived in the Western Quarter. Once missing Xianzhi, he simply walked out the Western Side Gate; the imperial guard came in relays in pursuit, and he had already passed through the Western Bright Gate. When his sons came each morning to inquire after his health, he entered the private chamber, removed his official robes, and wore only skirt and cap, as within a family.
85
微時躬耕於丹徒，及受命，耨耜之具頗有存者，皆命藏之，以留於後。 及文帝幸舊宮，見而問焉，左右以實對，文帝色慚。 有近侍進曰：「大舜躬耕曆山，伯禹親事土木，陛下不睹列聖之遺物，何以知稼穡之艱難，何以知先帝之至德乎。」 及孝武大明中，壞上所居陰室，於其處起玉燭殿，與群臣觀之，床頭有土障，壁上掛葛燈籠、麻繩拂，侍中袁顗盛稱上儉素之德，孝武不答，獨曰：「田舍公得此，已為過矣。」 故能光有天下，克成大業，盛矣哉。
In humble times he had plowed with his own hands at Dantu. After receiving the mandate, quite a few hoes and plows still remained, and he ordered them stored away for posterity. When Emperor Wen visited the old palace, saw them, and asked, his attendants answered truthfully. Emperor Wen looked ashamed. A close attendant stepped forward and said: "Great Shun plowed at Mount Li; Lord Yu himself took up earthworks and timber. Your Majesty, if you do not behold the relics of the sages, how will you know the hardship of sowing and reaping, or the late Emperor's utmost virtue?" In the Daming era of Emperor Xiaowu, they demolished the dark chamber where the late Emperor had lived and on that site raised Jade Candle Hall. Viewing it with the ministers, they found an earthen screen at the head of the bed, a hemp lamp-shade and a hemp-rope duster on the wall. Palace Attendant Yuan Yi greatly praised the late Emperor's frugal simplicity. Emperor Xiaowu did not reply, but said only: "A rustic landholder who got this would already consider it excessive." Thus he spread his light over the realm and completed the great enterprise—how grand!
86
永初三年五月癸亥，武帝崩，是日太子即皇帝位，大赦，制服三年，尊皇太后曰太皇太后。
In the third year of Yongchu, on the day guihai in the fifth month, Emperor Wu died. That same day the Crown Prince took the throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, entered mourning for three years, and honored the Empress Dowager as Grand Empress Dowager.
87
六月壬申，以尚書僕射傅亮為中書監、尚書令，司空徐羨之、領軍將軍謝晦及亮輔政。 戊子，太尉長沙王道憐薨。 秋九月丁未，有司奏武皇帝配南郊，武敬皇后配北郊。 冬十一月戊午，有星孛于營室。
In the sixth month, on the day renshen, Fu Liang, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was made Supervisor of the Central Secretariat and Director of the Masters of Writing. Xu Xianzhi, Minister of Works; Xie Hui, General of the Guard; and Fu Liang formed the regency. On the day wuzi, the Grand Commandant, Prince of Changsha Daoling, died. In the ninth month of autumn, on the day dingwei, the relevant offices memorialized that Emperor Wu be paired at the Southern Altar and Empress Jing at the Northern Altar. In the eleventh month of winter, on the day wuwu, a comet appeared in Encampment Chamber.
88
十二月庚戌，魏軍克滑台。
In the twelfth month, on the day gengxu, Wei forces captured Huatai.
89
景平元年春正月己亥朔，大赦，改元，文武賜位二等。 辛丑，祀南郊。 魏軍攻金墉城。 癸卯，河南郡失守。 乙卯，有星孛於東壁。
In the first year of Jingping, on the first day of the first month, jihai, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed. Civil and military ranks were raised two grades. On the day xinchou, sacrifice was made at the Southern Altar. Wei forces attacked Jinyong. On the day guimao, Henan commandery fell. On the day yimao, a comet appeared in Eastern Wall.
90
二月丁丑，太皇太后崩。 鎮軍大將軍大且渠蒙遜、河南鮮卑吐谷渾阿豺並遣使朝貢。 庚辰，進蒙遜驃騎大將軍，封河西王。 以阿豺為安西將軍、沙州刺史，封澆河公。
In the second month, on the day dingchou, the Grand Empress Dowager died. Juqu Mengxun, Grand General Who Guards the Army, and A'chai of the Tuyuhun Xianbei in Henan both sent envoys with tribute. On the day gengchen, Mengxun was promoted to Grand General of Agile Cavalry and enfeoffed as King of Hexi. A'chai was made General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Sha, and enfeoffed as Duke of Qiaohe.
91
三月壬寅，孝懿皇后祔葬于興寧陵。 是月，高麗國遣使朝貢。
In the third month, on the day renyin, Empress Xiaoyi was buried in association at Xingning Mausoleum. That month, Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
92
夏閏四月己未，魏軍克虎牢。
In the intercalary fourth month of summer, on the day jiwei, Wei forces captured Hulao.
93
秋七月癸酉，尊所生張夫人為皇太后。 丁丑，赦五歲刑以下。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the day guiyou, his biological mother Lady Zhang was honored as Empress Dowager. On the day dingchou, those guilty of punishments of five years and below were pardoned.
94
冬十月己未，有星孛於氐。
In the tenth month of winter, on the day jiwei, a comet appeared in Root.
95
是歲，魏明元皇帝崩。
That year Emperor Mingyuan of Wei died.
96
二年春二月癸巳朔，日有蝕之。 廢南豫州刺史廬陵王義真為庶人，徙新安郡。 乙巳，大風，天有雲五色，占者以為有兵。 執政使使者誅皇弟義真于新安。 高麗國遣使朝貢。 時帝居處所為多乖失。
In the second year, on the first day of the second month, guisi, there was a solar eclipse. Yizhen, Prince of Luling and Governor of Southern Yu, was deposed as a commoner and exiled to Xin'an commandery. On the day yisi, a great wind blew and the sky showed clouds of five colors. Diviners judged that war was portended. The regents sent envoys to execute the Emperor's younger brother Yizhen at Xin'an. Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute. At the time the Emperor's conduct in private and in public was mostly errant and unbecoming.
97
夏五月乙酉，皇太后令暴帝過惡，廢為營陽王。 一依漢昌邑、晉海西故事。 奉迎鎮西將軍宜都王義隆入纂皇統。
In the fifth month of summer, on the day yiyou, the Empress Dowager issued an order exposing the Emperor's faults and deposed him as Prince of Yingyang. This followed entirely the precedents of Han's Marquis of Haihun and Jin's Prince of Haixi. They welcomed Yilong, Prince of Yidu and General Who Guards the West, to succeed to the throne.
98
始徐羨之、傅亮將廢帝，諷王弘、檀道濟求赴國訃，弘等來朝，使中書舍人邢安泰、潘盛為內應。 是旦，道濟、謝晦領兵居前，羨之等隨後，因東掖門開，入自雲龍門，盛等先戒宿衛，莫有禦者。 時帝于華林園為列肆，親自酤賣，又開瀆聚土，以象破岡埭，與左右引船唱呼，以為歡樂。 夕游天泉池，即龍舟而寢。 其朝未興，兵士進，殺二侍者于帝側，傷帝指，扶出東合，就收璽紱。 群臣拜辭送於東宮，遂幽于吳郡。 是日，赦死罪以下。 太后令奉還璽紱，檀道濟入守朝堂。 六月癸丑，徐羨之等使中書舍人邢安泰弑帝于金昌亭。 帝有勇力，不即受制，突走出昌門，追以門關踣之致殞，時年十九。
At first, when Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang were about to depose the Emperor, they hinted to Wang Hong and Tan Daoji that they should ask leave to come for the state mourning. When Hong and the others arrived at court, they made Central Secretariat Attendants Xing Antai and Pan Sheng their inside contacts. That morning Tan Daoji and Xie Hui led troops in front, with Xianzhi and the others following. As the Eastern Side Gate opened, they entered through the Cloud Dragon Gate. Sheng and the others had already warned the palace guard, and none resisted. He had stalls laid out in Hualin Park and sold wine himself, dug a channel and heaped earth to mimic the Pogang Dam, and with his companions hauled boats and whooped for joy. At evening he went to Tianquan Pool and fell asleep on the imperial dragon boat. Before dawn soldiers came in, slew two attendants beside him, cut his finger, led him out to the eastern wing, and seized the imperial seal and cord. The ministers took leave and sent him to the Eastern Palace, then had him imprisoned in Wu. That same day a general pardon was proclaimed for crimes up to and including capital punishment. The empress dowager ordered the regalia returned, and Tan Daoji took charge of the court hall. On the guichou day of the sixth month Xu Xianzhi and his fellows sent palace attendant Xing Antai to kill the emperor at Jinchang Pavilion. Brave and strong, he would not be taken easily; he burst out through Chang Gate, but pursuers dropped the gate leaves on him and crushed him to death. He was nineteen.
99
論曰：晉自社稷南遷，王綱弛紊，朝權國命，遞回台輔，君道雖存，主威久謝。 桓溫雄才蓋世，勳高一時，移鼎之業已成，天人之望將改。 自斯以後，帝道彌昏，道子開其禍端，元顯成其釁末。 桓玄乘時藉運，加以先資，革命受終，人無異望。 宋武地非齊、晉，眾無一旅，曾不浹旬，夷凶翦暴，誅內清外，功格上下。 若夫樂推所歸，謳歌所集，校之魏、晉，可謂收其實矣。 然武皇將涉知命，弱嗣方育，顧有慈顏，前無嚴訓。 少帝體易染之質，稟可下之姿，外物莫犯其心，所欲必從其志，嶮縱非學而能，危亡不期而集，其至顛沛，非不幸也。 悲哉！
The historians comment: After the Jin court fled south, royal discipline collapsed and real power rotated among the high ministers at court; the throne survived in name, but the ruler's authority was gone. Huan Wen's genius dominated his generation, and the transfer of the dynasty was within his grasp; heaven and men alike expected a new ruler. Thereafter the throne grew ever weaker: Sima Daozi began the ruin and Sima Yuanxian finished it. Huan Xuan used the times and his family's standing to seize power, and when he took the throne no one expected otherwise. Liu Yu ruled no heartland like Qi or Jin and commanded barely a regiment, yet within ten days he destroyed the rebels, pacified the realm, and achieved merit that touched every rank. Where the people's will and popular acclaim are the measure, beside Wei and Jin he truly earned what they only pretended to hold. Yet as Emperor Wu neared the end of his life, his young son was still a child, doted on by a tender mother and given no firm discipline. Emperor Shao had a nature easily corrupted and a mind ready to sink; outer restraint never touched him, and every whim was satisfied — vice that needed no teaching, downfall that needed no warning. His end was not mere bad luck. Alas!