1
宋本紀中第二
Liu Song Annals, Part Two.
2
景平初，有黑龍見西方，五色雲隨之。 二年，江陵城上有紫雲。 望氣者皆以為帝王之符，當在西方。 其年少帝廢，百官議所立，徐羨之、傅亮等以禎符所集，備法駕奉迎，入奉皇統。 行台至江陵，尚書令傅亮奉表進璽紱，州府佐吏並稱臣，請題榜諸門，一依宮省，上皆不許。 教州、府、國綱紀宥所統內見刑。 是時，司空徐羨之等新有弑害，及鑾駕西迎，人懷疑懼，惟長史王曇首、司馬王華、南蠻校尉到彥之共期朝臣未有異志。 帝曰：「諸公受遺，不容背貳； 且勞臣舊將，內外充滿，今兵力又足以制物，夫何所疑！」
Early in the Jingping era, a black dragon was seen in the west, with five-colored clouds trailing after it. In the second year, purple clouds appeared above the walls of Jiangling. Court diviners of celestial signs all interpreted these as imperial portents pointing westward. When the young emperor was deposed, the officials debated who should succeed him. Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and others, taking the auspicious signs as confirmation, went out with full imperial escort to welcome him and install him on the throne. When the imperial mission reached Jiangling, Fu Liang, as Director of the Masters of Writing, presented a memorial offering the seal and cord of office. Provincial and prefectural staff all declared themselves his ministers and asked to hang palace-style placards on every gate; he refused every request. He ordered provinces, prefectures, and princedoms to grant amnesty within their jurisdictions to prisoners already under sentence. Xu Xianzhi and the other regents had only recently carried out a regicide, and as the imperial escort went west to fetch the new ruler, many were anxious. Only Wang Tanshou, Wang Hua, and Dao Yanzhi were confident that the court ministers would not waver. The emperor said, "These men accepted a deathbed charge—they will not betray it; and veteran ministers and generals fill every post at court and in the field. Our forces are more than enough to hold the realm—what is there to fear?"
3
甲戌，乃發江陵，命王華知州府，留鎮陝西，令到彥之監襄陽。 車駕在道，有黑龍躍負上所乘舟，左右莫不失色，上謂王曇首曰：「此乃夏禹所以受天命，我何德以堪之。」 及至都，群臣迎拜於新亭。 先謁初寧陵，還次中堂，百官奉璽紱，沖讓未受，勸請數四，乃從之。
On the day jiaxu he departed Jiangling, leaving Wang Hua to govern the province and prefecture and garrison western Shaanxi, while Dao Yanzhi was posted to oversee Xiangyang. On the journey a black dragon leaped onto the imperial boat and bore it along; everyone around him turned pale. He told Wang Tanshou, "This is how Yu of Xia received Heaven's mandate—what virtue have I to deserve such a sign?" When he reached the capital, the officials welcomed him with obeisance at Xinting. He first visited Chuning Mausoleum, then returned to the Central Hall, where officials presented the seal and cord. He refused several times before finally accepting.
4
元嘉元年秋八月丁酉，皇帝即位于中堂，備法駕入宮，禦太極前殿，大赦，改元，文武賜位二等。 戊戌，拜太廟。 詔追復廬陵王先封，奉迎靈柩。 辛丑，謁臨川烈武王陵。 癸卯，進司空徐羨之位司徒，江州刺史王弘位司空，尚書令傅亮左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。 甲辰，追尊所生胡婕妤為章皇太后，封皇弟義恭為江夏王，義宣為竟陵王，義季為衡陽王。 己酉，減荊、湘二州今年稅布之半。
On dingyou in the eighth month of the first Yuanjia year, the emperor took the throne in the Central Hall, entered the palace with full imperial ceremony, took his seat in the Hall before the Supreme Ultimate, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name, and raised civil and military officials two ranks. On wuxu he performed rites at the Grand Ancestral Temple. An edict restored the Prince of Luling's former title and ordered his coffin brought to the capital. On xinchou he visited the tomb of the Martially King of Linchuan. On guimao he promoted Xu Xianzhi from Minister of Works to Grand Tutor, Wang Hong of Jingzhou to Minister of Works, and Fu Liang from Director of the Masters of Writing to Left Grandee of Splendid Honors with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On jiachen he posthumously honored his birth mother, Lady Hu, as Grand Empress Dowager Zhang, and enfeoffed his brothers Yigong as Prince of Jiangxia, Yixuan as Prince of Jingling, and Yiji as Prince of Hengyang. On jiyou he halved the year's cloth tax for Jing and Xiang provinces.
5
九月丙子，立妃袁氏為皇后。
In the ninth month, on bingzi, he installed Consort Yuan as empress.
6
是歲，魏太武皇帝始光元年。
That year corresponded to the first year of Shiguang under the Northern Wei's Emperor Taiwu.
7
二年春正月丙寅，司徒徐羨之、尚書令傅亮奉表歸政，上始親覽萬機。 辛未，祀南郊，大赦。
In the first month of the second year, on bingyin, Grand Tutor Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang submitted memorials returning power, and the emperor personally took up the reins of government for the first time. On xinwei he sacrificed at the southern suburb and proclaimed a general amnesty.
8
秋八月乙酉，驃騎將軍、南徐州刺史彭城王義康以本號開府儀同三司，改授司空王弘車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the eighth month, on yiyou, Prince Yikang of Pengcheng, General of Agile Cavalry and inspector of Southern Xuzhou, was granted an office equal to the Three Dukes; Wang Hong was transferred from Minister of Works to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry with the same privilege.
9
冬十一月癸酉，以武都王世子楊玄為北秦州刺史，襲封武都王。 是歲，赫連屈丐死。
In the eleventh month, on guiyou, Yang Xuan, heir of the King of Wudu, was appointed inspector of Northern Qinzhou and succeeded to the title King of Wudu. That year Helian Qubug died.
10
三年春正月丙寅，司徒徐羨之、尚書令傅亮有罪伏誅。 遣中領軍到彥之、征北將軍檀道濟討荊州刺史謝晦，上親率六師西征。 大赦。 丁卯，以江州刺史王弘為司徒、錄尚書事。
In the first month of the third year, on bingyin, Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang were found guilty and executed. He sent Dao Yanzhi and Tan Daoji against Xie Hui, inspector of Jingzhou, while he personally led the Six Armies westward. A general amnesty was proclaimed. On dingmao he appointed Wang Hong of Jingzhou Grand Tutor and Recorder of the Masters of Writing.
11
二月戊午，以金紫光祿大夫王敬弘為尚書左僕射，豫章太守鄭鮮之為右僕射。 戊辰，到彥之、檀道濟大破謝晦於隱磯。
In the second month, on wuwu, he made Wang Jinghong, Grandee of Splendid Honors with the Golden Seal, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Zheng Xianzhi, administrator of Yuzhang, Right Vice Director. On wuchen Dao Yanzhi and Tan Daoji routed Xie Hui at Yinji.
12
丙子，車駕自蕪湖反旆。 己卯，禽晦於延頭，送都伏誅。
On bingzi the emperor turned back from Wuhu. On jimao Hui was captured at Yantou, sent to the capital, and executed.
13
夏五月乙未，以征北將軍、南兗州刺史檀道濟為征南大將軍、開府儀同三司、江州刺史。 乙巳，驃騎大將軍、涼州牧大且渠蒙遜改為車騎大將軍。 詔大使巡行四方，觀省風俗。 丙午，臨延賢堂聽訟，自是每歲三訊。 秋，旱且蝗。
In the fifth month, on yiwei, Tan Daoji was promoted from General Who Pacifies the North to General Who Conquers the South, with privilege equal to the Three Dukes, and made inspector of Jingzhou. On yisi Juqu Mengxun, General of Agile Cavalry and governor of Liangzhou, was promoted to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry. An edict dispatched grand envoys to tour the realm and report on local customs. On bingwu he heard lawsuits at the Hall for Extending Worthies; thereafter he held three judicial sessions each year. That autumn brought drought and locusts.
14
冬十二月，前吳郡太守徐佩之謀反，伏誅。
In the twelfth month, Xu Peizhi, former administrator of Wu commandery, was executed for plotting rebellion.
15
四年春正月乙亥朔，曲赦建鄴百里內。 辛巳，祀南郊。 二月乙卯，行幸丹徒，謁京陵。
On the new year's day, yihai, of the fourth year, a partial amnesty was granted within a hundred li of Jiankang. On xinsi he sacrificed at the southern suburb. In the second month, on yimao, he traveled to Dantu and visited the imperial tombs there.
16
三月丙子，宴丹徒宮，帝鄉父老咸與焉。 蠲丹徒今年租布，原五歲刑以下。 丁亥，車駕還宮。 戊子，尚書右僕射鄭鮮之卒。 壬寅，采富陽令諸葛闡議，禁斷夏至日五絲命縷之屬。
On bingzi he held a feast at the Dantu palace, with elders from his home district in attendance. He remitted Dantu's cloth tax for the year and pardoned offenses punishable by up to five years' labor. On dinghai the emperor returned to the palace. On wuzi Zheng Xianzhi, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, died. On renyin he adopted a proposal by Zhuge Chan, magistrate of Fuyang, banning five-colored silk life-cords and similar items on the summer solstice.
17
夏五月，都下疾疫，遣使存問，給醫藥，死無家屬者，賜以棺器。
In the fifth month plague struck the capital; he sent officials to inquire after the sick, supplied medicine, and provided coffins for the dead who had no family.
18
六月癸卯朔，日有蝕之。
On guimao, the first day of the sixth month, the sun was eclipsed.
19
五年春正月乙亥，詔以陰陽愆序，求讜言。 甲申，臨玄武館閱武。 戊子，都下大火，遣使巡慰振恤。
In the first month, on yihai of the fifth year, he issued an edict inviting candid counsel because heaven and earth were out of harmony. On jiashen he reviewed troops at the Black Tortoise Pavilion. On wuzi a great fire broke out in the capital; he sent officials to comfort victims and provide relief.
20
夏六月庚戌，司徒王弘降為衛將軍、開府儀同三司。 都下大水。 乙卯，遣使檢行振贍。
In the sixth month, on gengxu, Grand Tutor Wang Hong was demoted to General of the Guard with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. The capital suffered severe flooding. On yimao he sent officials to inspect the damage and provide relief.
21
十二月，天竺國遣使朝貢。
In the twelfth month, Tianzhu sent envoys bearing tribute.
22
是歲，魏神鹿元年，太武皇帝伐赫連昌，滅之。 乞伏熾盤死。
That year was the first Shenlu year of Wei; Emperor Taiwu attacked Helian Chang and destroyed his state. Qifu Chipan died.
23
六年春正月辛丑，祀南郊。 癸丑，以荊州刺史彭城王義康為司徒、錄尚書事。
In the first month, on xinchou of the sixth year, he sacrificed at the southern suburb. On guichou Prince Yikang of Pengcheng, inspector of Jingzhou, was made Grand Tutor and Recorder of the Masters of Writing.
24
三月丁巳，立皇子劭為皇太子。 戊午，大赦，賜文武位一等。
In the third month, on dingsi, he installed his son Shao as crown prince. On wuwu he proclaimed a general amnesty and raised civil and military officials one rank.
25
夏四月癸亥，以尚書左僕射王敬弘為尚書令，丹陽尹臨川王義慶為尚書左僕射，吏部尚書江夷為右僕射。
In the fourth month, on guihai, Wang Jinghong became Director of the Masters of Writing, Prince Yiqing of Linchuan Left Vice Director, and Jiang Yi, Minister of Personnel, Right Vice Director.
26
五月壬辰朔，日有蝕之。
On renchen, the first day of the fifth month, the sun was eclipsed.
27
秋七月，百濟國遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month, Baekje sent envoys bearing tribute.
28
冬十一月己丑朔，日有蝕之，星晝見。
On jichou, the first day of the eleventh month, the sun was eclipsed and stars could be seen in daylight.
29
十二月，河西、河南國並遣使朝貢。
In the twelfth month, the states west and east of the Yellow River both sent tribute missions.
30
七年春二月壬戌，雪且雷。
In the second month, on renxu of the seventh year, snow fell amid thunder.
31
三月戊子，遣右將軍到彥之侵魏。
In the third month, on wuzi, he sent General of the Right Dao Yanzhi to invade Wei.
32
夏六月己卯，封氐楊難當為武都王。
In the sixth month, on jimao, he enfeoffed the Di leader Yang nandang as King of Wudu.
33
冬十月戊午，立錢署，鑄四銖錢。 戊寅，魏克金墉城。
In the tenth month, on wuwu, he established a Bureau of Coinage and cast four-zhu coins. On wuyin Wei captured Jinyong.
34
十一月癸未，又克虎牢。 壬辰，遣征南大將軍檀道濟拒魏，
In the eleventh month, on guimao, Wei also captured Hulao. On renchen he sent General Who Conquers the South Tan Daoji to resist Wei,
35
右將軍到彥之自滑台奔退。
while General of the Right Dao Yanzhi retreated in disorder from Huatai.
36
十二月，都下火，延燒於太社北牆。
In the twelfth month fire broke out in the capital and burned as far as the north wall of the Grand Soil altar.
37
是歲，馮跋死。 倭、百濟、呵羅單、林邑、呵羅他、師子等國並遣使朝貢。 吳興、晉陵、義興大水，遣使巡行振恤。
That year Feng Ba died. Wa, Baekje, Heluodan, Linyi, Heluota, Shizi, and other states all sent tribute missions. Wuxing, Jinling, and Yixing suffered severe flooding; he sent officials to tour the region and provide relief.
38
八年春二月辛酉，魏克滑台。 癸酉，檀道濟引軍還，自是河南復亡。
In the second month, on xinyou of the eighth year, Wei captured Huatai. On guiyou Tan Daoji withdrew his army, and the territory south of the Yellow River was lost again.
39
三月，大雩。
In the third month he performed a great rain sacrifice.
40
夏六月乙丑，大赦，旱故。 又大雩。
In the sixth month, on yichou, he proclaimed a general amnesty on account of drought. He performed another great rain sacrifice.
41
閏六月乙巳，遣使省行獄訟，簡息徭役。
In the intercalary sixth month, on yisi, he sent officials to review criminal cases and lighten corvée and tax burdens.
42
九年春二月辛卯，詔曰：「故太傅長沙景王、故大司馬臨川烈武王、故司徒南康文宣公穆之、衛將軍華容公弘、征南大將軍永修公道濟、故左將軍龍陽侯鎮惡，或履道廣深、執德沖邈； 或雅量高劭，風鑒明遠； 或識准弘正，才略開邁。 咸文德以弘帝載，武功以隆景業。 而太常未銘，從祀闕享，寤寐屬慮，永言興懷。 便宜配祭廟庭，勒功天府。」
In the second month, on xinmao of the ninth year, an edict read: "The late Grand Tutor, Prince Jing of Changsha; the late Grand Marshal, the Martially King of Linchuan; the late Minister of Works, Duke Muzhi of Nankang; Duke Hong of Huarong; General Who Conquers the South Duke Daoji of Yongxiu; and the late General of the Left, Marquis Zhen'e of Longyang—some walked a path of deep principle and modest virtue; others bore lofty character and far-seeing judgment; still others combined penetrating insight with bold strategic talent. All of them enlarged the civil foundation of the dynasty and strengthened its martial achievements. Yet their names are not recorded in the temple registers, nor do they receive collateral sacrifice—this weighs on me waking and sleeping. Let them be honored with collateral sacrifice in the ancestral temple and their deeds inscribed in the Hall of Heaven's Storehouse."
43
三月庚戌，進衛將軍王弘為太保。 丁巳，加江州刺史檀道濟為司空。
In the third month, on gengxu, General of the Guard Wang Hong was promoted to Grand Guardian. On dingsi Tan Daoji, inspector of Jingzhou, was additionally appointed Minister of Works.
44
夏五月壬申，新除太保王弘薨。
In the fifth month, on renshen, the newly appointed Grand Guardian Wang Hong died.
45
六月癸未，置積射、強弩將軍官。 乙未，以征西將軍、沙州刺史吐谷渾慕璝為征西大將軍、西秦河二州刺史、隴西王。 壬寅，以撫軍將軍江夏王義恭為征北將軍、開府儀同三司、南兗州刺史。
In the sixth month, on guiwei, he established the offices of General of Volley Fire and General of Strong Crossbows. On yiwei Murong Mugui, General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Shazhou, was made General Who Pacifies the West, inspector of Western Qin and He provinces, and King of Longxi. On renyin Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was made General Who Pacifies the North with privilege equal to the Three Dukes and inspector of Southern Yanzhou.
46
秋七月庚午，以領軍將軍殷景仁為尚書僕射。
In the seventh month of autumn, on gengwu, General of the Guard Yin Jingren was appointed Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
47
冬十二月庚寅，立皇子紹為廬陵王，奉孝獻王祀； 江夏王義恭子朗為南豐王，奉營陽王祀。
In the twelfth month of winter, on gengyin, Prince Shao was enfeoffed as Prince of Luling, charged with maintaining the ancestral rites of Prince Xiaoxian; and Lang, son of Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, as Prince of Nanfeng, charged with maintaining the rites of the Prince of Yingyang.
48
是歲，魏延和元年。
That year was the first year of Yanhe in Wei.
49
十年春正月甲寅，改封竟陵王義宣為南譙王。 己未，大赦。 夏，林邑、闍婆娑州、訶羅單國並遣使朝貢。
In the spring of the tenth year, on jiayin in the first month, Prince Yixuan of Jingling was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Nanqiao. On jiwei a general amnesty was proclaimed. In summer, Linyi, Zhanpozhou, and Heluodan all sent tribute missions to court.
50
秋七月戊戌，曲赦益、梁、秦三州。
In the seventh month of autumn, on wuxu, a partial amnesty was granted for Yi, Liang, and Qin provinces.
51
冬十一月，氐楊難當據有梁州。 是月，且渠蒙遜死。
In the eleventh month of winter, the Di chieftain Yang Nandang seized control of Liang Province. That same month, Juqu Mengxun died.
52
十一年夏四月，梁、秦二州刺史蕭思話破氐，梁州平。
In the fourth month of summer in the eleventh year, Xiao Sihua, inspector of Liang and Qin, defeated the Di and restored order to Liang Province.
53
五月丁卯，曲赦梁、南秦二州劍閣以北。 戊寅，以大且渠茂虔為征西大將軍、涼州刺史，封河西王。
In the fifth month, on dingmao, a partial amnesty was granted for the region north of Jian'ge in Liang and Southern Qin provinces. On wuyin Juqu Maojian was made Grand General Who Conquers the West and inspector of Liang Province, and enfeoffed as King of Hexi.
54
是歲，林邑、扶南、訶羅單國並遣使朝貢。 十二年春正月辛酉，大赦。 辛未，祀南郊。 癸酉，封馮弘為燕王。
That year, Linyi, Funan, and Heluodan all sent tribute missions to court. In the spring of the twelfth year, on xinyou in the first month, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On xinwei the emperor performed the rites at the Southern Altar. On guiyou Feng Hong was enfeoffed as King of Yan.
55
夏四月丙辰，詔內外舉士。 都下地震。
In the fourth month of summer, on bingchen, an edict called for the recommendation of scholars from both within and outside the court. An earthquake struck the capital region.
56
六月，禁酒。 師子國遣使朝貢。 丹陽、淮南、吳、吳興、義興大水，都下乘船。 己酉，以徐豫南兗三州、會稽宣城二郡米谷百萬斛，賜五郡遭水人。
In the sixth month, a prohibition on wine was imposed. The Lion Kingdom sent a tribute mission to court. Great floods inundated Danyang, Huainan, Wu, Wuxing, and Yixing, and in the capital people traveled by boat. On jiyou a million hu of grain from Xu, Yu, and Southern Yan provinces and from Kuaiji and Xuancheng commanderies was distributed to flood victims in the five affected commanderies.
57
秋七月辛酉，闍婆娑達、扶南國並遣使朝貢。 八月乙亥，原除遭水郡諸逋負。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinyou, Zhanpozha and Funan both sent tribute missions to court. In the eighth month, on yihai, all unpaid taxes and levies in the flood-stricken commanderies were remitted.
58
九月，蜀賊張尋為寇。
In the ninth month, the Shu rebel Zhang Xun launched raids.
59
是歲，魏太延元年。
That year was the first year of Taiyan in Wei.
60
十三年春正月癸丑朔，上有疾，不朝會。
In the spring of the thirteenth year, on the new moon of the first month, guichou, the emperor was ill and did not hold court.
61
三月己未，誅司空江州刺史檀道濟。 庚申，大赦。 夏六月，高麗、武都等國並遣使朝貢。
In the third month, on jiwei, Tan Daoji, Minister of Works and inspector of Jiangzhou, was put to death. On gengshen a general amnesty was proclaimed. In the sixth month of summer, Goguryeo, Wudu, and other states all sent tribute missions to court.
62
秋七月己未，零陵王太妃殂，追崇為晉皇后，葬以晉禮。 九月癸丑，立皇子浚為始興王、駿為武陵王。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiwei, the Princess Consort of the Prince of Lingling died; she was posthumously honored as Empress of Jin and buried with the rites of the Jin dynasty. In the ninth month, on guichou, Prince Jun was enfeoffed as Prince of Shixing and Prince Jun as Prince of Wuling.
63
是歲，馮弘奔高麗。
That year, Feng Hong fled into Goguryeo.
64
十四年春正月辛卯，祀南郊，大赦。 戊戌，鳳凰二見於都下，眾鳥隨之，改其地曰鳳凰裏。
In the spring of the fourteenth year, on xinmao in the first month, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar and proclaimed a general amnesty. On wuxu two phoenixes appeared in the capital, followed by a great flock of birds; the place was renamed Phoenix Lane.
65
夏四月，蜀賊張尋、趙廣降，遷之建鄴。
In the fourth month of summer, the Shu rebels Zhang Xun and Zhao Guang surrendered and were resettled at Jianye.
66
冬十二月辛酉，初停賀雪。 河南、河西、訶羅單國並遣使朝貢。 十五年春二月，以平東將軍吐谷渾慕延為鎮西將軍、秦河二州刺史，封隴西王。
In the twelfth month of winter, on xinyou, the court suspended the snow-congratulation ceremony for the first time. Henan, Hexi, and Heluodan all sent tribute missions to court. In the spring of the fifteenth year, in the second month, Tuyuhun Muyan, General Who Pacifies the East, was made General Who Guards the West, inspector of Qin and He provinces, and enfeoffed as King of Longxi.
67
秋七月辛未，地震。 新作東宮。
In the seventh month of autumn, on xinwei, an earthquake struck. A new Eastern Palace was constructed.
68
是歲，武都、河南、高麗、倭、扶南、林邑等國並遣使朝貢。 立儒學館於北郊，命雷次宗居之。
That year, Wudu, Henan, Goguryeo, Wa, Funan, Linyi, and other states all sent tribute missions to court. An Institute of Confucian Learning was established at the Northern Suburb, with Lei Cizong appointed to head it.
69
十六年春正月戊寅，閱武於北郊。 庚寅，進彭城王義康為大將軍、領司徒，以開府儀同三司江夏王義恭為司空。
In the spring of the sixteenth year, on wuyin in the first month, the emperor reviewed troops at the Northern Suburb. On gengyin Prince Yikang of Pengcheng was promoted to Grand General and concurrent Minister over the Masses, while Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, who held privilege equal to the Three Dukes, was made Minister of Works.
70
夏六月己酉，改封隴西王吐谷渾慕延為河南王。
In the sixth month of summer, on jiyou, King Muyan of Longxi was re-enfeoffed as King of Henan.
71
秋八月庚子，立皇子鑠為南平王。
In the eighth month of autumn, on gengzi, Prince Shuo was enfeoffed as Prince of Nanping.
72
九月，魏滅且渠茂虔。
In the ninth month, Wei destroyed Juqu Maojian.
73
冬十二月乙亥，皇太子冠，大赦。
In the twelfth month of winter, on yihai, the crown prince underwent the capping ceremony, and a general amnesty was proclaimed.
74
是歲，武都、河南、林邑、高麗等國並遣使朝貢。 上好儒雅，又命丹陽尹何尚之立玄素學，著作佐郎何承天立史學，司徒參軍謝元立文學，各聚門徒，多就業者。 江左風俗，於斯為美，後言政化，稱元嘉焉。
That year, Wudu, Henan, Linyi, Goguryeo, and other states all sent tribute missions to court. The emperor favored Confucian refinement and ordered He Shangzhi, governor of Danyang, to establish the Studio of Mystic Simplicity, He Chengtian, assistant in the Bureau of Authorship, to establish the Studio of History, and Xie Yuan, staff officer to the Minister over the Masses, to establish the Studio of Letters; each gathered disciples, and many came to study under them. Customs east of the Yangtze reached their finest in this age; later generations, speaking of governance and culture, called it the Yuanjia era.
75
十七年夏四月戊午朔，日有蝕之。
In the fourth month of summer in the seventeenth year, on the new moon, wuwu, a solar eclipse occurred.
76
秋七月壬子，皇后袁氏崩。
In the seventh month of autumn, on renzi, Empress Yuan died.
77
八月，徐、兗、青、冀四州大水，遣使振恤。
In the eighth month, great floods struck Xu, Yan, Qing, and Ji provinces, and the court sent envoys to provide relief.
78
九月壬子，葬元皇后于長寧陵。
In the ninth month, on renzi, Empress Yuan was interred at Changning Mausoleum.
79
冬十月戊午，前丹陽尹劉湛有罪伏誅。 大赦，文武賜爵一級。 以大將軍、領司徒、錄尚書事彭城王義康為江州刺史，大將軍如故。 甲戌，以司空江夏王義恭為司徒、錄尚書事。 十一月，尚書僕射、揚州刺史殷景仁卒。
In the tenth month of winter, on wuwu, the former governor of Danyang Liu Zhan was found guilty and put to death. A general amnesty was proclaimed, and civil and military officials were raised one rank of nobility. Prince Yikang of Pengcheng, Grand General, concurrent Minister over the Masses, and recorder of the Masters of Writing, was made inspector of Jiangzhou while retaining his rank as Grand General. On jiaxu Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, Minister of Works, was made Minister over the Masses and recorder of the Masters of Writing. In the eleventh month, Yin Jingren, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and inspector of Yangzhou, died.
80
十二月癸亥，以光祿大夫王球為尚書僕射。 戊辰，武都、河南、百濟等國並遣使朝貢。
In the twelfth month, on guihai, Senior Grandee Wang Qiu was appointed Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On wuchen Wudu, Henan, Baekje, and other states all sent tribute missions to court.
81
是歲，魏太平真君元年。
That year was the first year of Taiping Zhenjun in Wei.
82
十八年春三月庚子，雨雹。 戊申，置尚書刪定郎官。 夏五月壬午，衛將軍南兗州刺史臨川王義慶、征北將軍南徐州刺史南譙王義宣，並開府儀同三司。 甲申，沔水泛溢，害居人。 六月戊辰，遣使巡行賑贍。
In the spring of the eighteenth year, on gengzi in the third month, hail fell. On wushen the office of Editorial Director in the Masters of Writing was established. In the fifth month of summer, on renwu, Prince Yiqing of Linchuan, General of the Guard and inspector of Southern Yan, and Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao, General Who Campaigns North and inspector of Southern Xu, were both granted privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On jiashen the Han River burst its banks and drowned many inhabitants. In the sixth month, on wuchen, envoys were dispatched to tour the affected regions and provide relief.
83
冬十一月戊子，尚書僕射王球卒。 己亥，以丹陽尹孟顗為尚書僕射。 氐楊難當寇漢川。
In the eleventh month of winter, on wuzi, Vice Director Wang Qiu died. On jihai Meng Yi, governor of Danyang, was appointed Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. The Di chieftain Yang Nandang raided the Han River basin.
84
十二月，晉甯太守爨松子舉兵反，甯州刺史徐循討平之。 是歲，河南、肅特、高麗、蘇摩黎、林邑等國並遣使來朝貢。
In the twelfth month, Cuan Songzi, governor of Jinning, raised troops in rebellion; Xu Xun, inspector of Ning Province, suppressed the revolt and restored order. That year, Henan, Sute, Goguryeo, Sumoli, Linyi, and other states all sent tribute missions to court.
85
十九年夏四月甲戌，上以久疾愈，始奉初礿，大赦。 五月庚寅，梁秦二州刺史劉真道、龍驤將軍裴方明破楊難當，仇池平。
In the fourth month of summer in the nineteenth year, on jiaxu, the emperor, recovered from a long illness, performed the spring ancestral sacrifice for the first time that year and proclaimed a general amnesty. In the fifth month, on gengyin, Liu Zhendao, inspector of Liang and Qin, and Pei Fangming, General Who Quickens the Dragons, defeated Yang Nandang and pacified Chou Pool.
86
閏月，都下水，遣使巡行賑恤。
In the intercalary month the capital was inundated, and envoys were dispatched to tour the affected areas and provide relief.
87
六月，以大且渠無諱為征西大將軍、涼州刺史，封河西王。 秋七月甲戌晦，日有蝕之。
In the sixth month Juqu Wuhui was made Grand General Who Conquers the West, inspector of Liang Province, and enfeoffed as King of Hexi. In the seventh month of autumn, on the last day, jiaxu, a solar eclipse occurred.
88
九月丙辰，有客星在北斗，因為彗，入文昌，貫五車，掃畢，拂天節，經天苑，季冬乃滅。
In the ninth month, on bingchen, a guest star appeared in the Northern Dipper and became a comet; it entered Wenchang, passed through the Five Chariots, swept Bi, brushed Tianjie, crossed Tianyuan, and did not fade until late winter.
89
冬十二月丙申，詔奉聖之胤，速議承襲； 及令修廟，四時饗祀； 並命蠲近墓五家供灑掃，栽松柏六百株。
In the twelfth month of winter, on bingshen, an edict directed the descendants of the Sage to deliberate promptly on the succession; and ordered that their temples be repaired and sacrifices performed in all four seasons; It also exempted five families near the tomb from corvée so they could maintain the grounds, and ordered six hundred pine and cypress trees planted.
90
是歲，蠕蠕、河南、扶南、婆皇國並遣使朝貢。 西涼武昭王孫李寶始歸於魏。
That year, Rouran, Henan, Funan, and Bahuang all sent tribute missions to court. Li Bao, grandson of King Wuzhao of Western Liang, submitted to Wei for the first time.
91
二十年春正月辛亥，祀南郊。
In the spring of the twentieth year, on xinhai in the first month, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Altar.
92
二月甲申，閱武于白下。 魏軍克仇池。
In the second month, on jiashen, the emperor reviewed troops at Baixia. The Wei army captured Chou Pool.
93
夏四月甲午，立皇子誕為廣陵王。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiawu, Prince Dan was enfeoffed as Prince of Guangling.
94
秋七月癸丑，以楊文德為征西將軍、北秦州刺史，封武都王。
In the seventh month of autumn, on guichou, Yang Wende was made Grand General Who Conquers the West, inspector of Northern Qin Province, and enfeoffed as King of Wudu.
95
冬十月，雷。
In the tenth month of winter, thunder sounded out of season.
96
十二月壬午，置藉田。
In the twelfth month, on renwu, the ceremonial farming field was established.
97
是歲，河西、高麗、百濟、倭國並遣使朝貢。 自去歲至是，諸州郡水旱傷稼。 人大饑，遣使開倉賑恤。
That year, Hexi, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Wa all sent tribute missions to court. From the previous year through this one, floods and droughts damaged the harvests across many provinces and commanderies. The people suffered severe famine, and the court opened the granaries and sent envoys to provide relief.
98
二十一年春正月己亥，南徐、南兗、南豫州、揚州之浙江西，並禁酒。 辛酉，親耕藉田，大赦。
In the spring of the twenty-first year, on jihai in the first month, wine was prohibited in Southern Xu, Southern Yan, and Southern Yu provinces and in the region west of the Zhe River in Yangzhou. On xinyou the emperor personally plowed the ceremonial field and proclaimed a general amnesty.
99
二月己丑，司徒、錄尚書事江夏王義恭進位太尉，領司徒。 辛卯，立皇子宏為建平王。
In the second month, on jichou, Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, Minister over the Masses and recorder of the Masters of Writing, was promoted to Grand Commandant while retaining his post as Minister over the Masses. On xinmao Prince Hong was enfeoffed as Prince of Jianping.
100
秋八月戊辰，以荊州刺史衡陽王義季為征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、南兗州刺史。
In the eighth month, on wuchen, Prince Yiji of Hengyang, inspector of Jingzhou, was appointed Grand General of the North with privilege equal to the Three Dukes and made inspector of Southern Yanzhou.
101
九月甲辰，以大且渠安周為征西將軍、涼州刺史，封河西王。
In the ninth month, on jiachen, Juqu Anzhou was made General of the West and inspector of Liangzhou, and enfeoffed as King of Hexi.
102
冬十月己亥，命刺史郡守修東耕。 丙子，雷且電。
In the tenth month, on jihai, provincial inspectors and prefects were ordered to perform the spring plowing ceremony in the east. On bingzi thunder and lightning were heard.
103
二十二年春正月辛卯朔，改用御史中丞何承天元嘉新曆。
On xinmao, the first day of the first month of the twenty-second year, the court adopted the Yuanjia New Calendar compiled by Censor-in-Chief He Chengtian.
104
二月甲戌，立皇子褘為東海王，昶為義陽王。
In the second month, on jiaxu, Prince Hui was made Prince of Donghai and Prince Chang Prince of Yiyang.
105
秋七月己未，以尚書僕射孟顗為左僕射，中護軍何尚之為右僕射。
In the seventh month, on jiwei, Meng Yan was promoted from Vice Director of the Masters of Writing to Left Vice Director, and He Shangzhi, General of the Guard, to Right Vice Director.
106
九月己未，開酒禁。 癸酉，宴于武帳堂，上將行，敕諸子且勿食，至會所賜饌。 日旰，食不至，有饑色。 上誡之曰：「汝曹少長豐佚，不見百姓艱難，今使爾識有饑苦，知以節儉期物。」
In the ninth month, on jiwei, the ban on wine was lifted. On guiyou he held a feast at the Martial Canopy Hall. Before leaving, he told his sons not to eat yet—food would be served when they arrived. The sun had set, but no food arrived, and hunger showed on their faces. The emperor admonished them: "You have grown up in comfort and never known the people's hardship. I want you to feel hunger, so you learn thrift and restraint."
107
冬十二月乙未，太子詹事范曄謀反，及黨與皆伏誅。 丁酉，免大將軍彭城王義康為庶人，絕屬籍。
In the twelfth month, on yiwei, Fan Ye, Supervisor of the Heir Apparent, plotted rebellion; he and his co-conspirators were all put to death. On dingyou Grand General Prince Yikang of Pengcheng was stripped of rank and reduced to commoner status, and his name was erased from the imperial clan register.
108
是冬，浚淮，起湖熟廢田千餘頃。
That winter the Huai River was dredged and more than a thousand qing of abandoned farmland at Hushu was brought back into cultivation.
109
二十三年夏四月丁未，大赦。
In the fourth month of the twenty-third year, on dingwei, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
110
六月癸未朔，日有蝕之。 交州刺史檀和之伐林邑國，克之。 是歲，大有年。 築北堤，立玄武湖于樂游苑北，興景陽山于華林園，役重人怨。
On guiwei, the first day of the sixth month, the sun was eclipsed. Tan Hezhi, inspector of Jiaozhou, attacked the kingdom of Linyi and conquered it. That year brought an abundant harvest. A northern embankment was built, Black Tortoise Lake was created north of Leyou Park, and Jingyang Hill was raised in Hualin Garden; the corvée was heavy and provoked widespread resentment.
111
二十四年春正月甲戌，大赦，賜文武位一等。
In the first month of the twenty-fourth year, on jiaxu, a general amnesty was proclaimed and civil and military officials were raised one rank.
112
夏四月，河、濟俱清。
In the fourth month the Yellow River and the Ji River both ran clear.
113
六月，都下疫癘，使巡省給醫藥。 以貨貴，制大錢，一當兩。
In the sixth month plague struck the capital; officials were sent to inspect the sick and supply medicine. Because prices were high, large coin was issued at a value of two standard coins.
114
秋八月乙未，徐州刺史衡陽王義季薨。
In the eighth month, on yiwei, Prince Yiji of Hengyang, inspector of Xuzhou, died.
115
冬十一月甲寅，立皇子渾為汝陰王。
In the eleventh month, on jiayin, Prince Hun was made Prince of Runan.
116
是歲，徐、兗、青、冀四州大水。
That year Xu, Yan, Qing, and Ji provinces were all devastated by flooding.
117
二十五年春閏二月己酉，大搜于宣武場。
In the intercalary second month of the twenty-fifth year, on jiyou, a grand hunt was held at the Xuanwu Field.
118
三月庚辰，校獵。
In the third month, on gengchen, a military hunt was held.
119
夏四月乙巳，新作閶闔、廣莫二門，改先廣莫門曰承明，開陽門曰津陽。
In the fourth month, on yisi, new Changhe and Guangmo gates were built; the old Guangmo gate was renamed Chenming and the Kaiyang gate Jinyang.
120
五月己卯，罷當兩大錢。
In the fifth month, on jimao, the two-for-one large coin was abolished.
121
六月庚戌，零陵王司馬元瑜薨。 丙寅，加荊州刺史南譙王義宣位司空。
In the sixth month, on gengxu, Prince Yuanyu of Lingling died. On bingyin Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao, inspector of Jingzhou, was promoted to Minister of Works.
122
八月甲子，立皇子彧為淮陽王。
In the eighth month, on jiazi, Prince Yu was made Prince of Huaiyang.
123
九月辛未，以尚書右僕射何尚之為左僕射。
In the ninth month, on xinwei, He Shangzhi was promoted from Right to Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
124
冬，青州城南遠望，見地中如水，有影，謂之「地鏡」。
In winter, south of Qingzhou city, distant observers saw the ground gleam like water with a reflection in it—a phenomenon called the "earth mirror."
125
二十六年春正月辛巳，祀南郊。
In the first month of the twenty-sixth year, on xinsi, he sacrificed at the southern suburb.
126
二月己亥，幸丹徒，謁京陵。
In the second month, on jihai, he traveled to Dantu and visited the imperial tombs.
127
三月丁巳，宴于丹徒宮，大赦； 復丹徒縣僑舊今歲租布之半，行所經過，蠲田租之半。 癸亥，使祭晉故司空忠肅公何無忌墓。
In the third month, on dingsi, he held a feast at the Dantu palace and proclaimed a general amnesty; half of this year's rent and cloth tax was remitted for Dantu county and its displaced residents, and field rent was halved along the route of his journey. On guihai envoys were sent to offer sacrifice at the tomb of He Wuji, former Minister of Works of Jin and posthumously titled Loyal and Solemn Duke.
128
五月壬午，至自丹徒。 丙戌，婆皇國，壬辰，婆達國並遣使朝貢。
In the fifth month, on renwu, he returned from Dantu. On bingxu the kingdom of Pohuang and on renchen the kingdom of Poda both sent envoys bearing tribute.
129
冬十月庚子，改封廣陵王誕為隨郡王。 癸卯，彗星見於太微。 甲辰，以揚州刺史始興王浚為征北將軍、開府儀同三司、徐兗二州刺史。
In the tenth month, on gengzi, Prince Dan of Guangling was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Suijun. On guimao a comet appeared in the Supreme Palace Enclosure. On jiachen Prince Jun of Shixing, inspector of Yangzhou, was appointed Grand General of the North with privilege equal to the Three Dukes and made inspector of Xu and Yan provinces.
130
二十七年春正月辛卯，百濟國遣使朝貢。 二月，魏軍攻縣瓠。 以軍興，減百官奉祿三分之一。 三月乙丑，淮南太守諸葛闡求減奉祿，同內百官，於是諸州郡縣丞尉並悉同減。 戊寅，罷國子學。
In the first month of the twenty-seventh year, on xinmao, Baekje sent envoys bearing tribute. In the second month Wei forces attacked Xuanhu. Because of the military emergency, all officials' salaries were cut by one third. In the third month, on yichou, Zhuge Chan, administrator of Huainan, volunteered to cut his salary to match the court officials; thereafter assistants, prefects, and county magistrates throughout the realm followed suit. On wuyin the Imperial Academy was abolished.
131
秋七月庚午，遣甯朔將軍王玄謨拒魏，太尉江夏王義恭出次彭城，總統諸軍。
In the seventh month, on gengwu, Pacifier of the North Wang Xuanmo was sent to resist Wei, while Grand Commandant Prince Yigong of Jiangxia moved to Pengcheng to take overall command.
132
冬十一月丁未，大赦。
In the eleventh month, on dingwei, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
133
十二月庚午，魏太武帝率大眾至瓜步，聲欲度江，都下震懼，咸荷擔而立。 壬午，內外戒嚴，緣江六七百里舳艫相接。 始議北侵，朝士多有不同，至是，帝登烽火樓極望，不悅，謂江湛曰：「北伐之計，同議者少，今日士庶勞怨，不得無慚。 貽大夫之憂，在予過矣。」 甲申，使饋百牢于魏。
In the twelfth month, on gengwu, Emperor Taiwu of Wei led a vast army to Guabu, threatening to cross the Yangtze; the capital was gripped with terror, and people stood ready with packs on their backs. On renwu martial law was declared throughout the realm; for six or seven hundred li along the river, boats and warships lay stem to stern. When the northern campaign was first debated, many at court had opposed it. Now the emperor climbed the beacon tower and gazed to the horizon, displeased, and told Jiang Zhan, "Few agreed to this northern expedition. Now the people labor and complain—I cannot but feel ashamed. That I have brought this worry upon my ministers is my fault alone." On jiashen envoys were sent to present a hundred sets of sacrificial offerings to Wei.
134
二十八年春正月丁亥，魏太武帝自瓜步退歸，俘廣陵居人萬餘家以北，徐、豫、青、冀、二兗六州殺略不可勝算，所過州郡，赤地無餘。
In the first month of the twenty-eighth year, on dinghai, Emperor Taiwu of Wei withdrew from Guabu and marched north, taking more than ten thousand households from Guangling as captives. In Xu, Yu, Qing, Ji, and the two Yan provinces the killing and looting were beyond reckoning; every region he passed through was left a wasteland.
135
二月甲戌，降太尉、領司徒江夏王義恭為驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司。 壬午，幸瓜步。 是日，解嚴。
In the second month, on jiaxu, Grand Commandant Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, who also held the Ministry of Education, was demoted to General of Agile Cavalry with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On renwu he traveled to Guabu. That day martial law was lifted.
136
三月乙酉，車駕還宮。 丙申，拜初寧陵。 大旱。
In the third month, on yiyou, the emperor returned to the palace. On bingshen he visited Chuning Mausoleum. A severe drought struck.
137
夏四月癸酉，婆達國遣使朝貢。 己卯，彗星見於昴。 是月，都下疾疫，使巡省給醫藥。
In the fourth month, on guiyou, the kingdom of Poda sent envoys bearing tribute. On jimao a comet appeared in the Pleiades. That month plague struck the capital; officials were sent to inspect the sick and supply medicine.
138
五月乙酉，亡命司馬順則自號齊王，據梁鄒城。 丁巳，婆皇國，戊戌，河南國並遣使朝貢。 戊申，以尚書左僕射何尚之為尚書令，太子詹事徐湛之為左僕射、護軍將軍。 壬子，彗星見太微中，對帝坐。
In the fifth month, on yiyou, the outlaw Sima Shunze declared himself King of Qi and seized Liangzou. On dingsi the kingdom of Pohuang and on wuxu the kingdom of Henan both sent envoys bearing tribute. On wushen He Shangzhi was promoted from Left Vice Director to Director of the Masters of Writing, and Xu Zhanzhi, Supervisor of the Heir Apparent, was made Left Vice Director and General of the Guard. On renzi a comet appeared within the Supreme Palace Enclosure, directly facing the emperor's throne.
139
秋七月甲辰，進安東將軍倭王綏濟為安東大將軍。
In the seventh month, on jiachen, Suiko, King of Wa and Pacifier of the East, was promoted to Grand General Who Pacifies the East.
140
八月癸亥，梁鄒平，斬司馬順則。 是秋，猛獸入郭內為災。 冬十月癸亥，高麗國遣使朝貢。
In the eighth month, on guihai, Liangzou was retaken and Sima Shunze was beheaded. That autumn wild beasts entered the city and caused havoc. In the tenth month, on guihai, Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute.
141
十一月壬寅，曲赦二兗、徐、豫、青、冀六州，徙彭城流人于瓜步，淮西流人于姑孰，合萬許家。
In the eleventh month, on renyin, a partial amnesty was granted in the six provinces of the two Yan, Xu, Yu, Qing, and Ji; refugees from Pengcheng were resettled at Guabu and those from west of the Huai at Gushu, about ten thousand households in all.
142
是歲，魏正平元年。
That year was the first Zhengping year of Wei.
143
二十九年春正月甲午，詔經寇六州，仍逢災澇，可量加救贍。
In the first month of the twenty-ninth year, on jiawu, an edict ordered measured relief for the six provinces that had suffered both invasion and flooding.
144
二月乙卯，雷且雪。 戊午，立皇子休仁為建安王。
In the second month, on yimao, thunder and snow were seen together. On wuwu Prince Xiuren was made Prince of Jian'an.
145
三月壬午，大風拔木，都下火。
In the third month, on renwu, a violent wind uprooted trees and fire broke out in the capital.
146
夏四月戊午，訶羅單國遣使朝貢。
In the fourth month, on wuwu, the kingdom of Heluodan sent envoys bearing tribute.
147
秋七月壬辰，改封汝陰王渾為武昌王，淮陽王彧為湘東王。 丁酉，省大司農、太子僕、廷尉監官。
In the seventh month, on renchen, Prince Hun of Runan was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Wuchang and Prince Yu of Huaiyang as Prince of Xiangdong. On dingyou the posts of Grand Minister of Agriculture, Supervisor of the Heir Apparent's Household, and Supervisor of the Court of Justice were abolished.
148
九月丁亥，以平西將軍吐谷渾拾寅為安西將軍、秦河二州刺史，封河南王。
In the ninth month, on dinghai, Shibin of Tuyuhun was made Pacifier of the West and inspector of Qin and He provinces, and enfeoffed as King of Henan.
149
冬十一月壬寅，揚州刺史廬陵王紹薨。
In the eleventh month, on renyin, Prince Shao of Luling, inspector of Yangzhou, died.
150
十二月戊辰，黃霧四塞。 辛未，以南兗州刺史江夏王義恭為大將軍、南徐州刺史，錄尚書如故。
In the twelfth month, on wuchen, yellow mist filled the sky on every side. On xinwei Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, inspector of Southern Yanzhou, was made Grand General and inspector of Southern Xuzhou while retaining his post as Recorder of the Masters of Writing.
151
是歲，魏中常侍宗愛構逆，太武皇帝崩，乃奉南安王餘為帝，改元為承平，後又賊餘； 於是殿中尚書長孫渴侯、尚書陸麗奉皇孫，是為文成皇帝，改元曰興安。
That year Palace Attendant Zong Ai of Wei plotted treason; Emperor Taiwu died, and Zong Ai installed Prince Yu of Nan'an as emperor under the era name Chengping, then murdered him as well; whereupon Palace Secretary Changsun Kehou and Master of Writing Lu Li installed the imperial grandson, known as Emperor Wencheng, and changed the era name to Xing'an.
152
三十年春正月乙亥朔，會群臣於太極前殿，有青黑氣從東南來，覆映宮上。 戊寅，以司空、荊州刺史南譙王義宣為司徒、中軍將軍、揚州刺史。 壬午，以南徐州刺史始興王浚為衛將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史。 戊子，使江州刺史武陵王駿統眾軍伐西陽蠻。
On yihai, the first day of the first month of the thirtieth year, he assembled his ministers in the Hall of the Supreme Ultimate; a green-black vapor rolled in from the southeast and spread over the palace. On wuyin Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao, Minister of Works and inspector of Jingzhou, was made Minister of Education, General of the Center, and inspector of Yangzhou. On renwu Prince Jun of Shixing, inspector of Southern Xuzhou, was appointed General of the Guard with privilege equal to the Three Dukes and made inspector of Jingzhou. On wuzi he ordered Prince Jun of Wuling, inspector of Jiangzhou, to lead the armies against the Western Yang tribes.
153
二月甲子，元凶劭構逆，帝崩於合殿，時年四十七。 諡景皇帝，廟號中宗。 三月癸巳，葬長寧陵。 孝武帝踐阼，追改諡曰文帝，廟號太祖。
In the second month, on jiazi, Crown Prince Liu Shao plotted treason; the emperor died in the Hall of Union at the age of forty-seven. He was posthumously titled Emperor Jing, with temple name Zhongzong. In the third month, on guisi, he was buried at Changning Mausoleum. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne, he changed the posthumous title to Emperor Wen and the temple name to Taizu.
154
帝聰明仁厚，雅重文儒，躬勤政事，孜孜無怠，加以在位日久，惟簡靖為心。 于時政平訟理，朝野悅睦，自江左之政，所未有也。 又性存儉約，不好奢侈。 車府令嘗以輦莑故，請改易之； 又輦席舊以烏皮緣故，欲代以紫皮，上以竹莑未至於壞，紫色貴，並不聽改。 其率素如此云。
The emperor was intelligent, benevolent, and magnanimous; he honored scholars and Confucians, attended personally to affairs of state without slackening, and over his long reign kept simplicity and restraint at the center of his rule. Government was peaceful and justice was done; court and countryside lived in harmony—a level of order the lands south of the Yangtze had never before known. By nature he was thrifty and abstemious, with no taste for luxury. The Director of the Chariot Office once asked to replace the imperial palanquin canopy, citing its worn condition; They also wanted to replace the black-leather edging on the palanquin matting with purple leather; the emperor refused both requests—the bamboo matting was still serviceable, and purple was too costly. Such was his plainness and simplicity.
155
世祖孝武皇帝，諱駿，字休龍，小字道人，文帝第三子也。 元嘉七年八月庚午夜生，有光照室。 少機穎，神明爽發，讀書七行俱下，才藻甚美，雄決愛武，長於騎射。
Shizu, Emperor Xiaowu, personal name Jun, courtesy name Xiulong, childhood name Daoren, was the third son of Emperor Wen. He was born on gengwu night in the eighth month of the seventh Yuanjia year; light filled the room. As a boy he was quick-witted and sharp-minded, reading seven lines at a glance; his literary gifts were fine, his temperament bold and martial; he excelled at horsemanship and archery.
156
十二年，立為武陵王，二十二年，累遷雍州刺史。 自晉江左以來，襄陽未有皇子重鎮，時文帝欲經略關、河，故有此授。 及魏太武大舉至淮南，時帝鎮彭城，魏使尚書李孝伯至，帝遣長史張暢與語，而帝改服觀之。 孝伯目帝不輟，及出，謂人曰：「張侯側有人風骨視瞻，非常士也。」 二十八年，為都督、江州刺史。 時緣江蠻為寇，文帝遣太子步兵校尉沈慶之等伐之，使上總統眾軍。
In the twelfth year he was made Prince of Wuling; by the twenty-second year he had risen to inspector of Yongzhou. Since the Jin moved south, no imperial prince had ever been posted to Xiangyang; Emperor Wen intended to advance toward the passes and the Yellow River, and so gave him the command. When the Wei Emperor Taiwu marched in force to Huainan, the prince was garrisoned at Pengcheng. The Wei sent Li Xiaobo, Master of Writing; he dispatched Chief Administrator Zhang Chang to parley while he changed clothes to watch unnoticed. Xiaobo never stopped staring at the prince. When he left he said to others, "Beside Marquis Zhang stands a man of extraordinary bearing—not an ordinary sort at all." In the twenty-eighth year he was made area commander and inspector of Jiangzhou. When river-bank tribal raiders struck, Emperor Wen sent Shen Qingzhi, Colonel of Footsoldiers to the Heir Apparent, and others against them, placing the prince in supreme command.
157
三十年正月，出次西陽之五洲，會元凶弑逆，上率眾入討。 荊州刺史南譙王義宣、雍州刺史臧質並舉義兵。
In the thirtieth year, first month, he encamped at Wuzhou in Xiyang; when the crown prince committed regicide, he led his army to march on the capital. Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao, inspector of Jingzhou, and Zang Zhi, inspector of Yongzhou, both raised armies in the cause.
158
三月乙未，建牙於軍門。 是時多不悉舊儀，有一翁斑白，自稱少從武帝征伐，頗悉其事，因使指麾，事畢，忽失所在。 自冬至春，常東北風，連陰不霽，其日牙立之後，風轉而西南，景色開霽，有紫雲二蔭於牙上。
In the third month, on yiwei, he raised the command standard before the army. Many no longer knew the old military rituals. A white-haired old man appeared, claiming to have campaigned under Emperor Wu and to know the rites; he was put in charge, and when the ceremony ended, vanished without trace. From winter through spring northeast winds had brought unbroken gloom; after the standard was raised the wind swung southwest, the sky cleared, and two purple clouds hung over the command pole.
159
四月辛酉，上次溧洲。 丙寅，次江寧。 丁卯，大將軍江夏王義恭來奔，奉表上尊號。 戊辰，上至新亭。 己巳，即皇帝位，大赦，改文帝號諡。 以大將軍江夏王義恭為太尉、南徐州刺史。 庚午，以荊州刺史南譙王義宣為中書監、丞相、揚州刺史，並錄尚書六條事。 以安東將軍隨王誕為衛將軍、荊州刺史。 加雍州刺史臧質車騎將軍、江州刺史。 並開府儀同三司。 撫軍將軍蕭思話為尚書左僕射。 壬申，以征虜將軍王僧達為右僕射。 改新亭為中興亭。
In the fourth month, on xinyou, he advanced to Lizhou. On bingyin he encamped at Jiangning. On dingmao Grand General Prince Yigong of Jiangxia fled to his camp and presented a memorial offering the throne. On wuchen he reached Xinting. On jisi he took the throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, and revised Emperor Wen's posthumous title. He appointed Grand General Prince Yigong of Jiangxia Grand Commandant and inspector of Southern Xuzhou. On gengwu he made Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao, inspector of Jingzhou, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, chancellor, and inspector of Yangzhou, with concurrent charge over the Six Sections of the Masters of Writing. He made Prince Yan of Sui, General Who Pacifies the East, General of the Guard and inspector of Jingzhou. He promoted Zang Zhi from inspector of Yongzhou to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and inspector of Jiangzhou. All were granted offices with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. Xiao Sihua, General Who Pacifies the Armies, was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On renshen he made Wang Sengda, General Who Repels Barbarians, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Xinting was renamed Zhongxing Pavilion.
160
夏五月乙亥，輔國將軍朱修之克東府。 丙子，克建鄴，二凶及同逆並伏誅。 庚辰，詔分遣大使巡省方俗。 是日解嚴。 辛巳，幸東府城。 甲申，尊所生路淑媛為皇太后。 乙酉，立妃王氏為皇后。 壬辰，以太尉江夏王義恭為太傅，領大司馬。 甲午，謁初甯陵，曲赦建鄴二百里內，並蠲今年租稅。 戊戌，以撫軍將軍南平王鑠為司空，建平王宏為尚書左僕射。
In the fifth month, on yihai, Zhu Xiuzhi, General Who Assists the State, captured the Eastern Palace. On bingzi Jiankang fell; the crown prince and his chief accomplice, and all fellow rebels, were executed. On gengchen an edict dispatched grand envoys to tour the provinces and report on local customs. That day martial law was lifted. On xinsi he visited the Eastern Palace quarter. On jiashen he honored his birth mother, Lady Lu Shuyuan, as empress dowager. On yiyou he installed Consort Wang as empress. On renchen he made Grand Commandant Prince Yigong of Jiangxia Grand Tutor, concurrent Grand Marshal. On jiawu he visited Chuning Mausoleum; a partial amnesty was granted within two hundred li of Jiankang, and land taxes for the year were remitted. On wuxu he made Prince Shuo of Nanping, General Who Pacifies the Armies, Minister of Works, and Prince Hong of Jianping Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
161
六月丙午，車駕還宮。 初置殿門及上合門屯兵。 庚午，以丹陽尹褚湛之為尚書右僕射。 庚申，詔有司論功班賞各有差。 辛酉，安西將軍、西秦河二州刺史吐谷渾拾寅進號鎮西大將軍、開府儀同三司。 辛未，改封南譙王義宣為南郡王，隨王誕為竟陵王。 閏月丙子，遣兼散騎常侍樂詢等十五人巡行風俗。 庚申，加太傅江夏王義恭錄尚書事，以荊州刺史竟陵王誕為侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史。 甲申，蠲尋陽、西陽郡租布三年。 是月，置衛尉官。
In the sixth month, on bingwu, the emperor returned to the palace. Garrison troops were first posted at the palace gates and the Upper Gate of the Secretariat. On gengwu he made Chu Zhanzhi, administrator of Danyang, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On gengshen an edict ordered officials to assess merit and distribute rewards by rank. On xinyou Tuyuhun Shibin, General Who Pacifies the West and inspector of Western Qin and He provinces, was promoted to Grand General Who Guards the West with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On xinwei Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Nanjun, and Prince Yan of Sui as Prince of Jingling. In the intercalary month, on bingzi, he sent fifteen envoys led by Yue Xun, Acting Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, to tour the realm and report on local customs. On gengshen Grand Tutor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was given charge as Recorder of the Masters of Writing; Prince Yan of Jingling, inspector of Jingzhou, was made palace attendant, Grand General of Agile Cavalry with privilege equal to the Three Dukes, and inspector of Yangzhou. On jiashen land tax and cloth levies for Xunyang and Xiyang commanderies were remitted for three years. That month the office of Commandant of the Guard was established.
162
秋七月辛丑朔，日有蝕之。 辛酉，詔崇儉約，禁淫侈。 己巳，司空南平王鑠薨，以侍中南郡王世子恢為尚書右僕射。
On xinchou, the new moon of the seventh month, there was a solar eclipse. On xinyou an edict enjoined frugality and forbade extravagant spending. On jisi Prince Shuo of Nanping, Minister of Works, died; Hui, heir of Prince of Nanjun and palace attendant, was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
163
冬十月癸未，聽訟于閱武堂。
In the tenth month, on guiwei, he heard lawsuits at the Hall for Reviewing the Military.
164
十一月丙辰，停台省眾官朔望問訊。 丙寅，高麗國遣使朝貢。
In the eleventh month, on bingchen, the monthly new- and full-moon greetings of capital officials were suspended. On bingyin Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute.
165
十二月甲戌，省都水使者官，置水衡令官。 癸未，以將置東宮，省太子率更令、步兵、翊軍校尉、旅賁中郎將、冗從僕射、左右積弩將軍官。 中庶子、中舍人、庶子、舍人、洗馬各減舊員之半。
In the twelfth month, on jiaxu, the office of Commissioner of the Directorate of Waterways was abolished and replaced with a Director of Waterways. On guiwei, in preparation for establishing the eastern palace, numerous offices of the heir apparent's household were abolished. Palace preceptors, attendants, stewards, and guards each had their staffs cut by half.
166
孝建元年春正月己亥朔，祀南郊，大赦，改元。 壬戌，更鑄四銖錢。 丙寅，立皇子子業為皇太子，賜天下為父後者爵一級。 是月，起正光殿。
On jihai, the new year of the first Xiaojian year, he sacrificed at the southern suburb, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name. On renxu new four-zhu coins were minted. On bingyin Prince Ziye was installed as crown prince; every lawful eldest son in the realm was granted one rank of nobility. That month construction began on the Hall of True Radiance.
167
二月庚午，豫州刺史魯爽，車騎將軍、江州刺史臧質，丞相、荊州刺史南郡王義宣，兗州刺史徐遺寶舉兵反。 壬午，曲赦豫州。
In the second month, on gengwu, Lu Shuang, inspector of Yuzhou; Zang Zhi, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and inspector of Jiangzhou; Prince Yixuan of Nanjun, chancellor and inspector of Jingzhou; and Xu Yibao, inspector of Yanzhou, all rose in rebellion. On renwu a partial amnesty was granted in Yuzhou.
168
三月己亥，內外戒嚴。
In the third month, on jihai, martial law was declared at court and in the provinces.
169
夏五月甲寅，義宣等攻梁山，左衛將軍王玄謨大破之。 己未，解嚴。 癸亥，以吳興太守劉延孫為尚書右僕射。
In the fifth month, on jiayin, Yixuan and the rebels attacked Liangshan and were routed by Wang Xuanmo, Left Guard General. On jiwei martial law was lifted. On guihai he made Liu Yansun, administrator of Wuxing, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
170
六月戊辰，臧質走至武昌，為人所斬，傳首建鄴。 甲戌，撫軍將軍柳元景進號撫軍大將軍，及鎮北大將軍沈慶之並開府儀同三司。 癸未，罷南蠻校尉官。 戊子，省錄尚書官。 庚寅，義宣於江陵賜死。
In the sixth month, on wuchen, Zang Zhi fled to Wuchang, where he was killed; his head was sent to Jiankang. On jiaxu Liu Yuanjing was promoted to Grand General Who Pacifies the Armies, and Shen Qingzhi, Grand General of the North, was also granted an office with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On guiwei the office of Colonel of the Southern Man was abolished. On wuzi the office of Recorder of the Masters of Writing was abolished. On gengyin Yixuan was ordered to take his own life at Jiangling.
171
秋七月丙申朔，日有蝕之，既。 丙辰，大赦，賜文武爵一級。
On bingshen, the new moon of the seventh month, there was a total solar eclipse. On bingchen a general amnesty was proclaimed and all civil and military officials received one rank of nobility.
172
冬十月戊寅，詔開建仲尼廟，制同諸侯之禮，詳擇爽塏，厚給祭秩。
In the tenth month, on wuyin, an edict ordered a temple built to Confucius with rites equal to those of a feudal lord, on a chosen auspicious site with generous sacrificial stipends.
173
十一月癸卯，復置都水使者官。 始課南徐州僑人租。
In the eleventh month, on guimao, the office of Commissioner of the Directorate of Waterways was restored. Land tax was first levied on refugee households registered in Southern Xuzhou.
174
是歲，魏興光元年。
That year corresponded to the first year of Xingguang under the Wei.
175
二年春二月己丑，婆皇國遣使朝貢。 丙寅，以南兗州刺史沈慶之為左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。
In the second month, on jichou, the kingdom of Bohuang sent envoys bearing tribute. On bingyin he made Shen Qingzhi, inspector of Southern Yanzhou, Left Grandee of Splendid Honors with privilege equal to the Three Dukes.
176
夏四月壬申，河南國遣使朝貢。 五月乙未，熒惑入南斗。 戊戌，以湘州刺史劉遵考為尚書右僕射。
In the fourth month, on renshen, the kingdom of Henan sent envoys bearing tribute. In the fifth month, on yiwei, Mars entered the constellation of the Southern Dipper. On wuxu he made Liu Zunkao, inspector of Xiangzhou, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
177
六月甲子，以國哀除釋，大赦。
In the sixth month, on jiazi, with the end of the mourning period, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
178
秋七月癸巳，立皇弟休佑為山陽王、休茂為海陵王、休業為鄱陽王。 己酉，盤盤國遣使朝貢。
In the seventh month, on guisi, his brothers Xiuyou, Xiumao, and Xiuye were enfeoffed as princes of Shanyang, Hailing, and Poyang. On jiyou the kingdom of Panpan sent envoys bearing tribute.
179
八月庚申，雍州刺史武昌王渾有罪，廢為庶人，自殺。 辛酉，幹陀利國遣使朝貢。 三吳饑，詔所在振貸。
In the eighth month, on gengshen, Prince Hun of Wuchang, inspector of Yongzhou, was found guilty, stripped of rank, and took his own life. On xinyou the kingdom of Gandhara sent envoys bearing tribute. Famine struck the Three Wu region; an edict ordered local officials to distribute relief grain.
180
九月丁亥，閱武于宣武場。
In the ninth month, on dinghai, he reviewed troops at the Field of Martial Display.
181
冬十月壬午，以揚州刺史竟陵王誕為司空、南徐州刺史，以尚書左僕射建平王宏為尚書令。
In the tenth month, on renwu, Prince Yan of Jingling, inspector of Yangzhou, was made Minister of Works and inspector of Southern Xuzhou, and Prince Hong of Jianping was promoted from Left Vice Director to Director of the Masters of Writing.
182
十一月辛亥，高麗國遣使朝貢。
In the eleventh month, on xinhai, Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute.
183
是歲，魏太安元年。
That year corresponded to the first year of Taian under the Wei.
184
三年春正月庚寅，立皇弟休范為順陽郡王，休若為巴陵郡王。 戊戌，立皇子子尚為西陽郡王。 辛丑，祀南郊。 以驃騎將軍建昌忠公到彥之，衛將軍、左光祿大夫新建文宣侯王華，豫甯文侯王曇首配饗文帝廟庭。 壬子，皇太子納妃。 甲寅，大赦。 群臣上禮。
In the first month, on gengyin, his brothers Xiufan and Xiuruo were enfeoffed as princes of Shunyang and Baling commanderies. On wuxu Prince Zishang was enfeoffed as prince of Xiyang commandery. On xinchou he sacrificed at the southern suburb. Dao Yanzhi, Grand General of Agile Cavalry and Loyal Duke of Jianchang; Wang Hua, General of the Guard, Left Grandee of Splendid Honors, and Literary Marquis of Xinjian; and Wang Tanshou, Literary Marquis of Yuning, were given places in the sacrifices at Emperor Wen's temple. On renzi the crown prince took a bride. On jiayin a general amnesty was proclaimed. The court officials presented congratulatory gifts.
185
二月丁丑，制朔望臨西堂，接群下，受奏事。
In the second month, on dingchou, a rule was established that on each new and full moon he would attend the Western Hall to receive officials and hear memorials.
186
閏三月癸酉，鄱陽王休業薨。
In the intercalary third month, on guiyou, Prince Xiuye of Poyang died.
187
夏四月甲子，初禁人車及酒肆器用銅。
In the fourth month, on jiazi, the use of copper in private carriages and tavern vessels was first forbidden.
188
五月辛酉，制荊、徐、兗、豫、雍、青、冀七州統內，家有馬一匹者，蠲復一丁。
In the fifth month, on xinyou, a rule granted labor-service exemption for one adult male in any household in the seven northern provinces that owned a horse.
189
秋九月壬戌，以丹陽尹劉遵考為尚書右僕射。
In the ninth month, on renxu, Liu Zunkao, administrator of Danyang, was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
190
冬十月丙午，太傅江夏王義恭進位太宰，領司徒。
In the tenth month, on bingwu, Grand Tutor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was promoted to Grand Preceptor, concurrent Minister of Education.
191
大明元年春正月辛亥朔，大赦，改元。 庚午，都下雨水。 辛未，遣使檢行，賜以樵米。
On xinhai, the new year of the first Daming year, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed. On gengwu rain fell on the capital. On xinwei officials were sent to inspect the damage and distribute firewood and grain.
192
三月壬戌，制大臣加班劍者不得入宮城門。
In the third month, on renxu, a rule forbade ministers bearing ceremonial swords of office to enter the palace gates.
193
夏四月，都下疾疫。 丙申，遣使巡，賜給醫藥； 死而無收斂者，官為斂埋。
In the fourth month plague broke out in the capital. On bingshen envoys were sent to inspect the sick and supply medicine; the state would bury those who died with no one to arrange funeral rites.
194
五月，吳興、義興大水，人饑。 乙卯，遣使開倉振恤。 癸酉，聽訟于華林園。 自是，非巡狩軍役，則車駕歲三臨訊。 丙寅，芳香琴堂東西有雙橘連理，景陽樓上層西南梁栱間有紫氣，清暑殿西甍鴟尾中央生嘉禾，一株五莖。 改景陽樓為慶雲樓，清暑殿為嘉禾殿，芳香琴堂為連理堂。 乙亥，以輔國將軍梁瑾蔥為河州刺史，封宕昌王。
In the fifth month floods devastated Wuxing and Yixing, and the people faced starvation. On yimao officials were sent to open granaries and provide famine relief. On guiyou he heard lawsuits in the Hualin Garden. Thereafter, except during tours or campaigns, the emperor held three judicial sessions each year. On bingyin paired orange trees grew joined in one trunk beside the Fragrant Qin Hall; purple vapor appeared among the southwest beam-brackets of the Jingyang Tower; and an auspicious grain stalk of five stems sprouted from the west finial of the Clear Summer Hall. The Jingyang Tower was renamed Tower of Auspicious Clouds, the Clear Summer Hall Hall of Auspicious Grain, and the Fragrant Qin Hall Hall of Joined Trunks. On yihai he made Liang Jincong, General Who Assists the State, inspector of Hezhou and enfeoffed him as King of Dangchang.
195
秋七月辛未，土斷雍州諸僑郡縣。
In the seventh month, on xinwei, émigré registrations in Yongzhou were converted to permanent land allotments.
196
九月，建康、秣陵二縣各置都官從事一人，司水、火、劫、盜。
In the ninth month Jiankang and Molling counties each received an official to oversee cases of flood, fire, robbery, and theft.
197
冬十月甲辰，以百濟王余慶為鎮東大將軍。
In the tenth month, on jiachen, Yuying, King of Baekje, was made Grand General Who Guards the East.
198
十二月丁亥，改封順陽王休范為桂陽王。
In the twelfth month, on dinghai, Prince Xiufan of Shunyang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Guiyang.
199
二年春正月辛亥，祀南郊。 丙辰，復郡縣田秩，並九親祿奉。 壬戌，拜初寧陵。
In the first month, on xinhai, he sacrificed at the southern suburb. On bingchen field stipends for commanderies and counties were restored, along with salaries for the nine degrees of imperial kin. On renxu he paid homage at Chuning Mausoleum.
200
二月丙戌，衛將軍、尚書令建平王宏以本號開府儀同三司，以丹陽尹褚湛之為尚書左僕射。
In the second month, on bingxu, Prince Hong of Jianping, General of the Guard and Director of the Masters of Writing, was granted an office with privilege equal to the Three Dukes; Chu Zhanzhi, administrator of Danyang, was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
201
三月丁未，尚書令建平王宏薨。 乙卯，以田農要月，命太官停殺牛。
In the third month, on dingwei, Prince Hong of Jianping, Director of the Masters of Writing, died. On yimao, as planting season demanded, the Imperial Kitchen was ordered to stop slaughtering cattle.
202
夏四月甲申，立皇子子綏為安陸王。 辛丑，地震。
In the fourth month, on jiashen, Prince Zisui was enfeoffed as Prince of Anlu. On xinchou an earthquake struck.
203
六月戊寅，增置吏部尚書一人，省五兵尚書官。 丁亥，加左光祿大夫何尚之開府儀同三司。
In the sixth month, on wuyin, an additional Director of Personnel was appointed and the office of Director of Military Affairs was abolished. On dinghai He Shangzhi, Left Grandee of Splendid Honors, was granted an office with privilege equal to the Three Dukes.
204
秋八月丙戌，中書令王僧達下獄死。
In the eighth month, on bingxu, Wang Sengda, Director of the Masters of Writing, was imprisoned and died.
205
九月壬戌，襄陽大水，遣使巡行振恤。 庚午，置武衛將軍、武騎常侍官。
In the ninth month, on renxu, floods struck Xiangyang; officials were sent to inspect and provide relief. On gengwu the offices of General of Martial Guard and Regular Attendant of Martial Cavalry were established.
206
冬十二月己亥，制諸王及妃主庶姓位從公者，喪事聽設凶門，餘悉斷。
In the twelfth month, on jihai, a rule allowed mourning gates at the funerals of princes and consorts of marquis rank and above; all other mourning displays were forbidden.
207
是歲，河南、高麗、林邑等國並遣使朝貢。
That year Henan, Goguryeo, Linyi, and other kingdoms all sent envoys bearing tribute.
208
三年春正月己丑，以領軍將軍柳元景為尚書令。
In the first month, on jichou, Liu Yuanjing, General of the Guard, was made Director of the Masters of Writing.
209
二月乙卯，以揚州所統六郡為王畿，以東揚州為揚州。 甲子，復置廷尉監官。
In the second month, on yimao, the six commanderies directly under Yangzhou were designated the imperial domain, and Eastern Yangzhou was reorganized as Yangzhou. On jiazi the office of Supervisor of the Court of Judicial Review was restored.
210
夏四月乙卯，司空、南兗州刺史竟陵王誕有罪，貶爵，誕不受命，據廣陵反。 以沈慶之為車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、南兗州刺史，討誕。
In the fourth month, on yimao, Prince Yan of Jingling, Minister of Works and inspector of Southern Yanzhou, was stripped of rank; he refused the order, seized Guangling, and rebelled. Shen Qingzhi was made Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry with privilege equal to the Three Dukes and inspector of Southern Yanzhou, and sent to suppress Yan.
211
秋七月己巳，克廣陵城，斬誕，悉誅城內男丁，以女口為軍賞。 是日解嚴。 辛未，大赦。 丙子，以丹陽尹劉秀之為尚書右僕射。 丙戌，加南兗州刺史沈慶之位司空。
In the seventh month, on jisi, Guangling fell; Yan was beheaded, every male in the city was executed, and the women were distributed as spoils of war. That day martial law was lifted. On xinwei a general amnesty was proclaimed. On bingzi Liu Xiuzhi, administrator of Danyang, was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On bingxu Shen Qingzhi, inspector of Southern Yanzhou, was promoted to Minister of Works.
212
九月壬辰，於玄武湖北立上林苑。 甲午，移南郊壇于牛頭
In the ninth month, on renchen, the Shanglin Park was established north of Xuanwu Lake. On jiawu the southern suburban altar was moved to Niutou
213
山，以正陽位。
Mountain to align with the due-south position.
214
冬十一月甲子，立皇后蠶宮于西郊。
In the eleventh month, on jiazi, the empress's silkworm-raising hall was established in the western suburb.
215
十二月辛酉，置謁者僕射官。
In the twelfth month, on xinyou, the office of Vice Director of Usher was established.
216
是歲，婆皇、河西、高麗、肅慎等國各遣使朝貢。 西域獻舞馬。 四年春正月辛未，祀南郊。 甲戌，宕昌國遣使朝貢。 乙亥，親耕藉田，大赦。 庚寅，立皇子子勳為晉安王，子房為尋陽王，子頊為曆陽王，子鸞為襄陽王。
That year Bohuang, Hexi, Goguryeo, Sushen, and other kingdoms each sent envoys bearing tribute. The Western Regions presented dancing horses. In the first month, on xinwei, he sacrificed at the southern suburb. On jiaxu the kingdom of Dangchang sent envoys bearing tribute. On yihai he personally performed the spring plowing rite in the sacred field and proclaimed a general amnesty. On gengyin Princes Zixun, Zifang, Zixu, and Ziluan were enfeoffed as princes of Jin'an, Xunyang, Liyang, and Xiangyang.
217
三月甲申，皇后親桑于西郊。
In the third month, on jiashen, the empress personally performed the sericulture rite in the western suburb.
218
夏四月丙午，詔四時供限，詳減太半。 辛亥，太宰江夏王義恭等表請封岱宗，詔不從。 辛酉，詔以都下疾疫，遣使存問，並給醫藥。 其亡者隨宜賑恤。
In the fourth month, on bingwu, an edict cut seasonal tribute quotas by more than half. On xinhai Grand Preceptor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia and others petitioned to perform the feng and shan rites at Mount Tai; the emperor refused. On xinyou an edict, citing plague in the capital, dispatched officials to inquire after the sick and supply medicine. The families of the dead were granted relief as needed.
219
五月丙戌，尚書左僕射褚湛之卒。
In the fifth month, on bingxu, Chu Zhanzhi, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, died.
220
秋七月甲戌，左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司何尚之薨。
In the seventh month, on jiaxu, He Shangzhi, Left Grandee of Splendid Honors with privilege equal to the Three Dukes, died.
221
八月，雍州大水，甲寅，遣加賑恤。
In the eighth month floods devastated Yongzhou; on jiayin additional relief was sent.
222
九月丁亥，改封襄陽王子鸞為新安王。
In the ninth month, on dinghai, Prince Ziluan of Xiangyang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Xin'an.
223
冬十月庚寅，遣新除司空沈慶之討緣江蠻。
In the tenth month, on gengyin, the newly appointed Minister of Works Shen Qingzhi was sent to suppress river-bank tribal raiders.
224
十一月戊辰，改細作署令為左右禦府令。 丙戌，復置大司農官。 十二月辛丑，幸廷尉寺，宥系囚。 魏遣使通和。 丁未，幸建康縣，原放獄囚。 倭國遣使朝貢。
In the eleventh month, on wuchen, the Director of the Fine Works Office was renamed Director of the Left and Right Imperial Workshops. On bingxu the office of Grand Minister of Agriculture was restored. In the twelfth month, on xinchou, he visited the Court of Judicial Review and pardoned prisoners in custody. The Wei sent envoys seeking peace. On dingwei he visited Jiankang county and released prisoners from jail. The kingdom of Wa sent envoys bearing tribute.
225
是歲，魏和平元年。
That year corresponded to the first year of Heping under the Wei.
226
五年春正月戊午朔，華雪降，散為六出，上悅，以為瑞。
On wuwu, the new year of the fifth year, fine snow fell in six-pointed flakes; the emperor rejoiced and took it as an auspicious omen.
227
二月癸巳，閱武，軍幢以下，普加班錫，多所原宥。
In the second month, on guisi, he reviewed the troops; officers and men were granted insignia of honor, and many offenders were pardoned.
228
三月甲戌，行幸江乘，遣祭故太保王弘、光祿大夫王曇首墓。
In the third month, on jiaxu, he traveled to Jiangcheng and sent envoys to sacrifice at the tombs of the late Grand Tutor Wang Hong and Wang Tanshou, Grandee of Splendid Honors.
229
夏四月癸巳，改封西陽王子尚為豫章王。 丙申，加尚書令柳元景左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。 丙午，雍州刺史海陵王休茂殺司馬庾深之，舉兵反，參軍尹玄慶起義，斬之，傳首建鄴。
In the fourth month, on guisi, Prince Zishang of Xiyang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Yuzhang. On bingshen Liu Yuanjing, Director of the Masters of Writing, was made Left Grandee of Splendid Honors with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On bingwu Prince Xiumao of Hailing, inspector of Yongzhou, killed Chief Administrator Yu Shenzhi and rebelled; Staff Officer Yin Xuanqing rose against him, beheaded him, and sent his head to Jiankang.
230
五月，起明堂于國學南丙巳之地。 癸亥，制帝室期親，官非祿官者，月給錢十萬。
In the fifth month the Bright Hall was built south of the National University at the bingsi position. On guihai a rule granted one hundred thousand cash monthly to imperial kin within the mourning circle who held offices without salary stipends.
231
秋七月丁卯，高麗國遣使朝貢。 庚午，曲赦雍州。 八月戊子，立皇子子仁為永嘉王，子真為始安王。 己丑，詔以來歲修葺庠序，旌延國胄。 庚寅，制方鎮所假白板郡縣，年限依台除，食祿三分之一，不給送故。 衛將軍東海王褘以本號開府儀同三司。
In the seventh month, on dingmao, Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute. On gengwu a partial amnesty was granted in Yongzhou. In the eighth month, on wuzi, Princes Ziren and Zizhen were enfeoffed as princes of Yongjia and Shi'an. On jichou an edict ordered schools repaired and expanded in the coming year and imperial clansmen honored and supported. On gengyin a rule fixed the terms of provisional commanderies and counties held by frontier commanders to match capital appointments, with one-third salary and no parting gift. Prince Hui of Donghai, General of the Guard, was granted an office with privilege equal to the Three Dukes.
232
九月甲寅，日有蝕之。 丁卯，行幸琅邪郡，原遣囚系。 庚午，河、濟清。
In the ninth month, on jiayin, there was a solar eclipse. On dingmao he traveled to Langye commandery and released prisoners held in custody. On gengwu the Yellow and Ji rivers ran clear.
233
閏月丙申，初立馳道，自閶闔門至於朱雀門，又自承明門至於玄武湖。 壬寅，改封曆陽王子頊為臨海王。
In the intercalary month, on bingshen, imperial highways were first established from the Gate of Heaven's Brightness to the Gate of the Vermilion Bird, and from the Gate of Proclaiming Brightness to Xuanwu Lake. On renyin Prince Zixu of Liyang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Linhai.
234
冬十月甲寅，以南徐州刺史劉延孫為尚書左僕射。
In the tenth month, on jiayin, Liu Yansun, inspector of Southern Xuzhou, was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
235
十二月壬申，以領軍將軍劉遵考為尚書右僕射。 甲戊，制天下人戶歲輸布四匹。
In the twelfth month, on renshen, General of the Guard Liu Zunkao was appointed Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On jiawu an edict fixed the annual cloth levy at four bolts per household throughout the realm.
236
六年春正月辛卯，祀南郊。 是日，又宗祀文皇帝于明堂，以配上帝。 大赦。 乙未，置五官中郎將、左右中郎將官。
In the first month of spring of the sixth year, on xinmao, the emperor sacrificed to Heaven at the southern suburbs. That same day he performed the associated rite in the Bright Hall, honoring Emperor Wen as consort to the Supreme Lord. A general amnesty was proclaimed. On yiwei the offices of Commandant of the Five Officials and of the Left and Right Commandants of the Officials were established.
237
二月乙卯，復百官祿。
In the second month, on yimao, official salaries were restored.
238
三月庚寅，立皇子子元為邵陵王。 壬寅，以倭世子興為安東將軍、倭國王。
In the third month, on gengyin, the imperial son Ziyuan was enfeoffed as Prince of Shaoling. On renyin Prince Xing, heir of Wa, was made General Pacifying the East and King of Wa.
239
夏四月庚申，新作大航門。
In the fourth month of summer, on gengshen, the Great Bridge Gate was newly constructed.
240
五月丙戌，置淩室於覆舟山，修藏冰之禮。
In the fifth month, on bingxu, an ice chamber was built on Fushan Mountain and the ancient rite of storing ice was restored.
241
六月辛酉，尚書左僕射劉延孫卒。
In the sixth month, on xinyou, Left Vice Director Liu Yansun died.
242
秋七月甲申，地震，有聲如雷，兗州尤甚，於是魯郡山搖者二。 乙未，立皇子子雲為晉陵王。
In the seventh month of autumn, on jiashen, an earthquake shook the land with a sound like thunder; Yanzhou suffered most severely, and in Lu Commandery two mountains trembled. On yiwei the imperial son Ziyun was enfeoffed as Prince of Jinling.
243
八月乙丑，置清台令官。
In the eighth month, on yichou, the office of Director of the Bureau of Astronomy was established.
244
九月，制沙門致敬人主。 乙未，以尚書右僕射劉遵考為左僕射，以丹陽尹王僧朗為右僕射。
In the ninth month an edict required Buddhist monks to perform obeisance to the sovereign. On yiwei Liu Zunkao was moved from Right to Left Vice Director, and Wang Silang, prefect of Danyang, was appointed Right Vice Director.
245
冬十月丁卯，詔上林苑內士庶丘墓欲還合葬者，勿禁。
In the tenth month of winter, on dingmao, an edict declared that families whose ancestral graves lay in Shanglin Park and wished to reinter their dead together should not be prevented.
246
七年春正月癸未，詔克日於玄武湖大閱水師，並巡江右，講武校獵。 丁亥，以右衛將軍顏師伯為尚書左僕射。
In the first month of spring of the seventh year, on guiwei, an edict fixed a date for a grand naval review on Xuanwu Lake, a tour of the lands west of the Yangtze, military exercises, and a hunting expedition. On dinghai General of the Right Guard Yan Shibo was appointed Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
247
二月甲寅，車駕巡南豫、南兗二州。 丁巳，校獵烏江。 己未，登烏江縣六合山。 壬戌，大赦，行幸所經，無出今年租布，賜人爵一級，女子百戶牛酒，郡守邑宰及人夫從搜者，普加沾賚。 又詔蠲曆陽郡租輸三年，遣使巡慰，問人疾苦。 癸亥，行幸尉氏，觀溫泉。 壬申，車駕至都，拜二廟，乃還宮。
In the second month, on jiayin, the emperor toured Southern Yu and Southern Yan provinces. On dingsi a hunting expedition was held at Wujiang. On jiwei he climbed Liuhe Mountain in Wujiang County. On renxu a general amnesty was proclaimed; along the route of the imperial tour, land tax and cloth levies for the current year were remitted, each person was granted one rank of nobility, a hundred households of women received cattle and wine, and prefects, magistrates, and laborers who joined the hunt were all rewarded. An edict also remitted three years of tax and tribute for Liyang Commandery and dispatched envoys to tour the region, comfort the people, and inquire after their hardships. On guihai the emperor traveled to Weishi to view the hot springs. On renshen the imperial procession reached the capital, paid homage at the two ancestral temples, and returned to the palace.
248
夏四月甲子，詔自今非臨軍戰陣，一不得專殺； 其罪入重辟者，皆依舊先上須報，有司嚴加聽察，犯者以殺人罪論。 五月丙子，詔自今刺史守宰動人興軍，皆須手詔施行； 惟邊隅外警及奸釁內發，變起倉卒者，不從此例。
In the fourth month of summer, on jiazi, an edict declared: henceforth, except in the heat of battle, no one may execute another on his own authority; those whose crimes warrant capital punishment must, as before, report upward and await approval; officials were strictly ordered to investigate, and violators were to be punished as murderers. In the fifth month, on bingzi, an edict declared: henceforth, when provincial inspectors and prefectural magistrates mobilize troops, they must do so only on the basis of a personally written imperial edict; only when alarm came from the frontiers or sedition erupted within and crisis arose suddenly was this rule not to apply.
249
六月戊申，蠕蠕、高麗等國並遣使朝貢。
In the sixth month, on wushen, Rouran, Goguryeo, and other states all sent tribute missions to court.
250
秋七月乙亥，進高麗王高璉位車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the seventh month of autumn, on yihai, King Gao Lian of Goguryeo was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry with privilege equal to the Three Dukes.
251
八月乙丑，立皇子子孟為淮南王、子產為臨賀王。 車駕幸建康、秣陵縣訊獄囚。
In the eighth month, on yichou, the imperial son Zimeng was enfeoffed as Prince of Huainan and Zichan as Prince of Linhe. The emperor visited Jiankang and Moling County to hear criminal cases and examine prisoners.
252
九月庚寅，以南徐州刺史新安王子鸞為兼司徒。 乙未，幸廷尉訊獄囚。 丙申，立皇子子嗣為東平王。
In the ninth month, on gengyin, Prince Ziluan of Xin'an, inspector of Southern Xuzhou, was made Acting Minister of Education. On yiwei he visited the Court of Justice to hear criminal cases and examine prisoners. On bingshen the imperial son Zisi was enfeoffed as Prince of Dongping.
253
冬十月壬寅，皇太子冠，賜王公以下帛各有差。 戊申，車駕巡南豫州，奉太后以行。 癸丑，行幸江寧縣訊獄囚。 加車騎將軍、揚州刺史豫章王子尚開府儀同三司。 癸亥，以開府儀同三司東海王褘為司空，加中軍將軍義陽王昶開府儀同三司。 己巳，校獵于姑孰。
In the tenth month of winter, on renyin, the crown prince received his capping ceremony; princes and officials of every rank were granted silk according to their station. On wushen the emperor toured Southern Yu Province, bringing the empress dowager with him. On guichou he traveled to Jiangning County to hear criminal cases and examine prisoners. Prince Zishang of Yuzhang, General of Chariots and Cavalry and inspector of Yangzhou, was granted privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On guihai Prince Hui of Donghai, already holding privilege equal to the Three Dukes, was made Minister of Works, and Prince Chang of Yiyang, General of the Center, was granted the same privilege. On jisi a hunting expedition was held at Gudu.
254
十一月丙子，曲赦南豫州殊死以下。 巡幸所經，詳減今歲田租。 乙酉，詔祭晉大司馬桓溫、征西將軍毛璩墓。 上于行所訊溧陽、永世、丹陽縣囚。 癸巳，祀梁山，大閱水師。 于中江，有白雀二集華蓋，有司奏改元為神雀，詔不許。 乙未，原放行獄徒系。 浙江東諸郡大旱。
In the eleventh month, on bingzi, a partial amnesty was granted in Southern Yu Province for all crimes short of capital punishment. Along the route of the imperial tour, land tax for the current year was substantially reduced. On yiyou an edict ordered sacrifices at the tombs of Huan Wen, Grand Marshal of Jin, and Mao Yu, General Pacifying the West. At his stopping places the emperor heard cases and examined prisoners in Liyang, Yongshi, and Danyang counties. On guisi sacrifices were performed at Liangshan and the navy was reviewed in full array. On the middle reaches of the river two white sparrows alighted on the imperial parasol; officials memorialized to change the era name to Shenque, but the emperor did not approve. On yiwei convicts and bondsmen in prison were pardoned and released. The commanderies east of the Zhe River suffered severe drought.
255
十二月壬寅，遣使開倉賑恤，聽受雜物當租。 丙午，行幸曆陽。 甲寅，大赦，賜曆陽郡女子百戶牛酒，蠲郡租十年。 己未，加太宰江夏王義恭尚書令。 于博望梁山立雙闕。 癸亥，至自曆陽。
In the twelfth month, on renyin, envoys were dispatched to open granaries for relief, and miscellaneous goods were accepted in lieu of land tax. On bingwu the emperor traveled to Liyang. On jiayin a general amnesty was proclaimed; a hundred households of women in Liyang Commandery received cattle and wine, and the commandery's land tax was remitted for ten years. On jiwei Grand Preceptor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was additionally made Director of the Masters of Writing. At Liangshan in Bowang, paired gate towers were erected. On guihai he returned from Liyang.
256
八年春正月辛巳，祀南郊。 是日，還宗祀文帝於明堂。 甲戌，詔曰：「東境去歲不稔，宜廣商貨，遠近販鬻米粟者，可停道中雜稅。 其以仗自防，悉勿禁。」
In the first month of spring of the eighth year, on xisi, the emperor sacrificed to Heaven at the southern suburbs. That same day he performed the associated rite in the Bright Hall, honoring Emperor Wen. On jiaxu an edict declared: "Last year the eastern regions had a poor harvest; grain trade should be encouraged. Those who buy and sell rice and millet near and far shall be exempt from miscellaneous taxes on the roads. Those who carry weapons for self-defense—none of this shall be forbidden."
257
夏閏五月壬寅，乙太宰江夏王義恭領太尉。 庚申，帝崩於玉燭殿，時年三十五。 七月丙午，葬於丹陽秣陵縣岩山景寧陵。
In the intercalary fifth month of summer, on renyin, Grand Preceptor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was made Grand Commandant. On gengshen the emperor died in the Hall of the Jade Candle at the age of thirty-five. In the seventh month, on bingwu, he was buried at Jingning Mausoleum on Yanshan in Moling County, Danyang.
258
帝末年為長夜之飲，每旦寢興，盥嗽畢，仍復命飲，俄頃數斗，憑幾惛睡，若大醉者。 或外有奏事，便肅然整容，無復酒色。 外內服其神明，莫敢弛惰。
In his later years the emperor held feasts that lasted through the night; each morning after rising and washing he would again order wine and in an instant consume several pecks; leaning on his armrest he would sink into a stupor like a man deeply drunk. Yet when business arrived from outside, he would at once compose his bearing with solemn dignity, with no trace of drunkenness. Within and without, all submitted to his clarity of mind, and none dared slacken.
259
前廢帝諱子業，小字法師，孝武帝長子也。 元嘉二十六年正月甲申生。 孝武鎮尋陽，帝留都下。 三十年，孝武入伐，元凶囚帝于侍中下省，將加害者數矣，卒得無恙。 及孝武踐阼，立為皇太子。 始未之東宮，中庶子、二率併入直永福省。
The Former Deposed Emperor's taboo name was Ziye, his childhood name Fashi; he was the eldest son of Emperor Xiaowu. He was born on jiashen in the first month of the twenty-sixth year of Yuanjia. When Emperor Xiaowu garrisoned Xunyang, the prince remained in the capital. In the thirtieth year, when Emperor Xiaowu marched east in punitive campaign, the Crown Prince Usurper imprisoned the prince in the subordinate quarters of the Palace Attendants' office and several times was on the point of killing him, yet in the end he came through unharmed. When Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne, he was established as crown prince. At first, before he moved to the Eastern Palace, the Palace Preceptor and the two Guard Commanders all entered duty together at Yongfu Province.
260
大明二年，出居東宮。 七年，加元服。 八年閏五月庚申，孝武崩，其日，太子即皇帝位，大赦。 加驃騎大將軍柳元景尚書令。 甲子，置錄尚書官，乙太宰江夏王義恭錄尚書事，加驃騎大將軍柳元景開府儀同三司。
In the second year of Daming he moved out to reside in the Eastern Palace. In the seventh year he received his capping ceremony. On gengshen in the intercalary fifth month of the eighth year Emperor Xiaowu died; that same day the crown prince assumed the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. General of Fast Cavalry Liu Yuanjing was additionally made Director of the Masters of Writing. On jiazi the office of Recorder of the Masters of Writing was established; Grand Preceptor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was made Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and General of Fast Cavalry Liu Yuanjing was granted privilege equal to the Three Dukes.
261
秋七月庚戌，婆皇國遣使朝貢。 崇皇太后為太皇太后，皇后曰皇太后。 乙卯，罷南北二馳道，改孝建以來所變制度，還依元嘉。 丙辰，追崇獻妃為獻皇后。
In the seventh month of autumn, on gengxu, Po Huang sent envoys bearing tribute. The Grand Empress Dowager was elevated to Empress Grand Dowager, and the empress was titled Empress Dowager. On yimao the northern and southern speedways were abolished, and the institutions altered since Xiaojian were restored to the Yuanjia model. On bingchen Consort Xian was posthumously honored as Empress Xian.
262
八月己丑，皇太后崩。
In the eighth month, on jichou, the Empress Dowager died.
263
九月乙卯，文穆皇后祔葬景寧陵。
In the ninth month, on yimao, Empress Wenmu was buried alongside him at Jingning Mausoleum.
264
冬十二月乙酉，以尚書左僕射顏師伯為尚書僕射。 壬辰，以王畿諸郡為揚州，以揚州為東揚州。 癸巳，加車騎將軍、揚州刺史豫章王子尚位司徒。 去歲及是歲，東諸郡大旱，甚者米一斗數百，都下亦至百餘，餓死者十六七。 孝建以來，又立錢署鑄錢，百姓因此盜鑄，錢轉偽小，商貨不行。
In the twelfth month of winter, on yiyou, Left Vice Director Yan Shibo was made Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On renchen the commanderies of the metropolitan region were made Yang Province, and Yang Province was renamed Eastern Yang Province. On guisi Prince Zishang of Yuzhang, General of Chariots and Cavalry and inspector of Yangzhou, was promoted to Minister of Education. The previous year and this year the eastern commanderies suffered severe drought; in the hardest-hit places a peck of rice cost several hundred cash, and even in the capital over a hundred; of those who starved, sixteen or seventeen in ten died. Since Xiaojian mint offices had also been established to cast coin; the people therefore counterfeited in secret, and the money grew false and light until commerce ceased to flow.
265
景和元年春正月乙未朔，大赦，改元為永光。 乙巳，省諸州台傳。
On yiwei, the first day of the first month of spring in the first year of Yuanhe, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the era name changed to Yongguang. On yisi the provincial relay stations were abolished.
266
二月乙丑，減州郡縣田祿之半。 庚寅，鑄二銖錢。
In the second month, on yichou, the field stipends of provinces, commanderies, and counties were reduced by half. On gengyin two-zhu coins were cast.
267
夏五月，魏文成皇帝崩。
In the fifth month of summer Emperor Wencheng of Wei died.
268
秋八月庚午，以尚書僕射顏師伯為左僕射，吏部尚書王景文為右僕射。 癸酉，帝自率宿衛兵誅太宰江夏王義恭、尚書令柳元景、左僕射顏師伯、廷尉劉德願。 改元為景和。 甲戌，以司徒、揚州刺史豫章王子尚領尚書令。 乙亥，帝釋素服，禦錦衣。 以始興公沈慶之為太尉。 庚辰，以石頭城為長樂宮，東府城為未央宮。 甲申，以北邸為建章宮，南第為長楊宮。 己丑，復立南北二馳道。
In the eighth month of autumn, on gengwu, Vice Director Yan Shibo was made Left Vice Director, and Director of the Ministry of Personnel Wang Jingwen was made Right Vice Director. On guiyou the emperor himself led the palace guard to execute Grand Preceptor Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, Director of the Masters of Writing Liu Yuanjing, Left Vice Director Yan Shibo, and Director of Justice Liu Deyuan. The era name was changed to Jinghe. On jiaxu Prince Zishang of Yuzhang, Minister of Education and inspector of Yangzhou, was made Director of the Masters of Writing. On yihai the emperor put off mourning dress and assumed brocade robes. Duke Shen Qingzhi of Shixing was made Grand Commandant. On gengchen Shitou City was renamed Everlasting Joy Palace and the Eastern Palace City was renamed Weiyang Palace. On jiashen the Northern Residence was renamed Jianzhang Palace and the Southern Manor was renamed Evergreen Poplar Palace. On jichou the northern and southern speedways were reestablished.
269
十一月壬辰，甯朔將軍何邁下獄死。 癸巳，殺新除太尉沈慶之。 壬寅，立皇后路氏，四廂奏樂。 曲赦揚、南徐二州。 丁未，皇子生，少府劉蒙之子也。 大赦，贓汙淫盜，悉皆原蕩，賜為父後者爵一級。 壬子，以護軍將軍建安王休仁為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 戊午，南平王敬猷、廬陵王敬先、安南侯敬深並賜死。
In the eleventh month, on renchen, General Pacifying the North He Mai died in prison. On guisi the newly appointed Grand Commandant Shen Qingzhi was killed. On renyin Lady Lu was established as empress, with music performed in four wings. A partial amnesty was granted for Yang and Southern Xu provinces. On dingwei an imperial prince was born—the son of Director of the Imperial Household Liu Meng. A general amnesty was proclaimed; corruption, debauchery, and theft were all fully pardoned, and those who had become heirs to their fathers were granted one rank of nobility. On renzi Prince Xiuren of Jian'an, General of the Guard, was made General of Fast Cavalry with privilege equal to the Three Dukes. On wuwu Prince Jingyou of Nanping, Prince Jingxian of Luling, and Marquis Jingshen of Annan were all ordered to commit suicide.
270
時帝凶悖日甚，誅殺相繼，內外百官，不保首領。 先是，訛言湘中出天子，帝將南巡荊、湘以厭之，期旦誅除四叔，然後發引。 是夜湘東王彧與左右阮佃夫、王道隆、李道兒密結帝左右壽寂之、薑產之等十一人，謀共廢帝。 先是，帝好游華林園竹林堂，使婦人裸身相逐，有一婦人不從命，斬之。 經少時，夜夢遊後堂，有一女子罵曰：「帝悖虐不道，明年不及熟矣。」 帝怒，于宮中求得似所夢者一人戮之。 其夕復夢所戮女罵曰：「汝枉殺我，已訴上帝。」 至是，巫覡云：「此堂有鬼」。 帝與山陰公主及六宮彩女數百人隨群巫捕鬼，屏除侍衛，帝親自射之。 事畢，將奏靡靡之聲，壽寂之懷刀直入，薑產之為副，諸姬迸逸，廢帝亦走。 追及之，大呼：「寂！ 寂！」 如此者三，手不能舉，乃崩于華光殿，時年十七。 太皇太后令奉湘東王彧纂承皇統。 於是葬帝於丹陽秣陵縣南郊壇西。
At this time the emperor grew daily more vicious and perverse; executions followed one upon another, and officials within and without could not keep their heads. Earlier a rumor had spread that a Son of Heaven would arise in Xiang; the emperor planned a southern tour of Jing and Xiang to suppress it, intending first to execute his four uncles at dawn and then set out. That night Prince Yu of Xiangdong, together with his attendants Ruan Tianfu, Wang Daolong, and Li Dao'er, secretly joined with eleven of the emperor's personal attendants, including Shou Jizhi and Jiang Chananzhi, and together plotted to depose him. Earlier the emperor loved to roam the Bamboo Grove Hall in Hualin Park, ordering women to chase one another naked; one woman refused and he beheaded her. Not long after, he dreamed at night that he wandered the rear hall; a woman cursed him: "The emperor is perverse and cruel beyond measure; next year the grain will not ripen." Enraged, he searched the palace for someone resembling the woman in his dream and executed her. That same night he dreamed again of the executed woman, who cursed: "You killed me wrongly; I have already appealed to the Supreme Lord." By this time the shamans said: "This hall has a ghost." The emperor, together with the Princess of Shanyin and several hundred palace women, followed the shamans to hunt the ghost; the guards were dismissed, and the emperor shot at it himself. When the affair was done and seductive music was about to be played, Shou Jizhi, sword hidden in his robes, entered directly with Jiang Chananzhi as his second; the concubines fled in all directions, and the emperor ran as well. Pursuing him, he cried out: "Jizhi! Jizhi!" Three times he called thus, but his hand could not rise, and he died in Huaguang Hall at the age of seventeen. The Empress Grand Dowager ordered that Prince Yu of Xiangdong succeed to the imperial succession. Thereupon the emperor was buried west of the southern suburban altar in Moling County, Danyang.
271
帝蜂目鳥喙，長頸銳下，幼而狷急，在東宮每為孝武所責。 孝武西巡，帝啟參承起居，書跡不謹，上詰讓之曰：「書不長進，此是一條耳。 聞汝比素業都懈，狷戾日甚，何以頑固乃爾！」 初踐阼，受璽紱，傲然無哀容。 蔡興宗退而歎曰：「昔魯昭不戚，叔孫請死，國家之禍，其在此乎。」 帝始猶難諸大臣及戴法興等，既殺法興，諸大臣莫不震懾。 於是又誅群公，元、凱以下，皆被毆捶牽曳，內外危懼，殿省騷然。 太后疾篤，遣呼帝，帝曰：「病人間多鬼，可畏，那可往！」 太后怒，語侍者曰：「將刀來破我腹，那得生甯馨兒！」 及太后崩後數日，帝夢太后謂曰：「汝不仁不孝，本無人君之相，子尚愚悖如此，亦非運祚所及。 孝武險虐滅道，怨結人神，兒子雖多，並無天命； 大命所歸，應還文帝之子。」 故帝聚諸叔都下，慮在外為患。
The emperor had eyes like a wasp's and a beak like a bird's, a long neck and sharp chin; from youth he was rash and impatient, and in the Eastern Palace was often rebuked by Emperor Xiaowu. During Emperor Xiaowu's western tour, the prince submitted memorials on daily affairs; his handwriting was careless, and the sovereign rebuked him: "Your calligraphy does not improve—this is one failing. I hear that lately you have neglected your studies entirely and your perversity grows worse daily—how can you be so stubborn!" When he first ascended the throne and received the seal and cord, he was proud and showed no grief. Cai Xingzong withdrew and sighed: "In old times Duke Zhao of Lu showed no sorrow, and Shusun asked to die—the ruin of the state, could it be here?" At first the emperor still deferred to the great ministers and to Dai Fayxing and others; once Fayxing was killed, none of the great ministers failed to tremble in fear. Then he executed the princes and dukes; from Yuan and Kai downward, all were beaten, dragged, and pulled about; within and without all were in peril, and the halls and ministries were in uproar. The empress dowager was gravely ill and sent for the emperor; the emperor said: "The rooms of the sick are full of ghosts—terrifying; how could I go!" The empress dowager in anger told her attendants: "Bring a knife to cut open my belly—how did I ever bear this Ningxin brat!" Several days after the empress dowager died, the emperor dreamed the empress dowager told him: "You are unkind and unfilial; you never had the aspect of a sovereign; Zishang is foolish and perverse as this—not the stuff of fortune's favor. Emperor Xiaowu was vicious and cruel, extinguishing the Way, and resentment bound together men and gods; though he had many sons, none had Heaven's mandate; the great appointment should return to the sons of Emperor Wen. Therefore the emperor gathered his uncles in the capital, fearing trouble if they remained outside.
272
山陰公主淫恣過度，謂帝曰：「妾與陛下雖男女有殊，俱托體先帝，陛下後宮數百，妾惟駙馬一人，事不均平，一何至此！」 帝乃為立面首左右三十人，進爵會稽郡長公主，秩同郡王，湯沐邑二千戶，給鼓吹一部，加班劍二十人。 帝每出，公主與朝臣常共陪輦。
The Princess of Shanyin indulged licentiousness to excess; she told the emperor: "Your servant and Your Majesty differ in sex, yet both owe our bodies to the late emperor; Your Majesty's inner palace numbers in the hundreds, while I have but one consort—how uneven, how far it has come!" The emperor therefore set up thirty male favorites at her side, promoted her to Princess Long of Kuaiji Commandery with rank equal to a commandery prince, granted a fief of two thousand households, provided a full band of ceremonial music, and added twenty ceremonial guards with drawn swords. Whenever the emperor went out, the princess and court ministers often shared the imperial carriage in attendance.
273
帝少好讀書，頗識古事，粗有文才，自造孝武帝誄及雜篇章，往往有辭采。 以魏武有發丘中郎將、摸金校尉，乃置此二官，以建安王休仁、山陽王休佑領之，其餘事蹟，分見諸列傳。
From youth the emperor loved reading, knew ancient affairs fairly well, and had some literary talent; the dirge he composed for Emperor Xiaowu and various other pieces often showed real elegance. Because Cao Cao had had the Director of Tomb-Opening and the Commandant of Gold-Seeking, he established these two offices, which Prince Xiuren of Jian'an and Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang held; his other deeds are treated separately in the various biographies.
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論曰：文帝幼年特秀，自稟君德。 及正位南面，歷年長久，綱維備舉，條禁明密，罰有恆科，爵無濫品。 故能內清外晏，四海謐如。 而授將遣師，事乖分閫。 才謝光武，而遙制兵略，至於攻戰日時，咸聽成旨，雖覆師喪旅，將非韓、白，而延寇蹙境，抑此之由。 及至言泄衾衽，難結凶豎，雖禍生非慮，蓋亦有以而然。 夫盡人命以自養，蓋惟桀、紂之行； 觀夫大明之世，其將盡人命乎。 雖周公之才之美，亦當終之以亂，由此言之，得歿亦為幸矣。 至如廢帝之事，行著於篇，假以中才之君，有一於此，足以致霣，況乎兼斯眾惡，不亡其可得乎！
Commentary: In youth Emperor Wen was uniquely gifted and from the first possessed the virtue of a ruler. Once he took the throne facing south, his reign lasted many years; the network of governance was fully maintained, regulations clear and strict, punishments had fixed standards, and ranks were not granted wantonly. Thus within was purity and without was peace; the four seas were tranquil. Yet in appointing generals and dispatching armies, he failed to delegate command properly. His talent fell short of Emperor Guangwu's, yet he remotely controlled military strategy; even the day and hour of attacks were all as he decreed. Though armies were destroyed and troops lost—the generals were no Han Xin or Bai Qi—yet the enemy lingered and the borders were pressed inward, largely for this reason. When words leaked from the bedchamber and enmity formed with a vicious youth, though disaster arose unforeseen, there were grounds for it. To exhaust human lives for one's own pleasure is conduct fit only for Jie and Zhou; looking at the Daming era, was it not close to exhausting human lives? Even one with the beauty of the Duke of Zhou's talent would in the end have fallen to disorder; from this perspective, to die when he did was also a kind of fortune. As for the affairs of the Deposed Emperor, his deeds are plain in these pages; were an emperor of merely middling talent guilty of even one such thing, it would be enough to bring ruin—how much less when he combined all these evils; could he not have perished?