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陳本紀上第九
Chen Annals 1, Part Nine
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陳高祖武皇帝諱霸先,字興國,小字法生,吳興長城下若里人。 姓陳氏。 其本甚微,自雲漢太丘長寔之後也。 寔玄孫晉太尉准。 准生匡,匡生達,永嘉中南遷,為丞相掾,太子洗馬,出為長城令,悅其山水,遂家焉。 嘗謂所親曰:「此地山川秀麗,當有王者興焉,二百年後,我子孫必鍾斯運。」 達生康,復為丞相掾,咸和中土斷,故為長城人。 康生盱眙太守英,英生尚書郎公弼,公弼生步兵校尉鼎,鼎生散騎侍郎高,高生懷安令詠,詠生安成太守猛,猛生太常卿道巨,道巨生皇考文贊。 帝以梁天監二年癸未歲生。 少俶儻有大志,長於謀略,意氣雄傑,不事生產。 及長,涉獵史籍,好讀兵書,明緯候、孤虛、遁甲之術,多武藝,明達果斷,為當時推服。 身長七尺五寸,日角龍顏,垂手過膝。 嘗游義興,館于許氏,夢天開數丈,有四人朱衣,捧日而至,納之帝口,及覺,腹內猶熱,帝心獨喜。 初仕鄉為裏司,後至建鄴為油庫吏,徙為新喻侯蕭映傳教,勤於其事,為映所賞。 及映為吳興太守,甚重帝,謂僚佐曰:「此人將來遠大,必勝於我。」 及映為廣州,帝為中直兵參軍,隨之鎮,映令帝招集士馬。
Chen's founding emperor Wu, personal name Baxian, style Xingguo, childhood name Fasheng, came from Xiaru Village in Changcheng, Wuxing. The clan name was Chen. The family was of humble stock, claiming descent from Shi, Grand Commandant of Taiqiu in the Han. Shi's fourth-generation descendant was Jin Grand Commandant Zhun. Zhun's son was Kuang, Kuang's son Da. During the Yongjia turmoil they moved south, held posts as chancellor's clerk and crown prince's groom, and were eventually posted as magistrate of Changcheng, where they settled for love of the landscape. He once told his intimates: "These hills and streams are splendid; a ruler will one day arise here. Two centuries from now our line will surely seize that fortune." Da's son Kang again served as a chancellor's clerk; after the Xianhe land registers were cut off, the family counted as Changcheng natives. Kang's son Ying became Administrator of Xuyi; Ying's son Gongbi was a Masters of Writing gentleman; Gongbi's son Ding was Colonel of Foot Soldiers; Ding's son Gao was an attendant at the Secretariat; Gao's son Yong was magistrate of Huai'an; Yong's son Meng was administrator of Ancheng; Meng's son Daoju was Minister of Ceremonies; Daoju was the Emperor's father Wenzan. The Emperor was born in guiwei, the second year of Liang Tianjian. As a youth he was daring and ambitious, excelled at strategy, carried himself with heroic force, and scorned the work of making a living. Once grown he read widely in history, devoured military classics, mastered omen-reading, guxu divination, and dunjia tactics, was versed in many martial arts, and proved clear-minded and decisive—qualities that won the age's respect. He stood seven chi five cun tall, bore the sun-angled brow and dragon visage of portent, and his fingertips reached below his knees. While traveling in Yixing and staying with the Xu family, he dreamed the heavens split open several zhang wide; four men in crimson robes bore the sun to him and put it in his mouth. When he woke his abdomen still burned with heat, and he kept the joy to himself. He first served locally as a village officer, later reached Jiankang as clerk of the oil depot, then became instructor to Marquis Xinyu Xiao Ying, whose trust he earned through tireless service. When Ying became administrator of Wuxing he held the Emperor in high regard and told his aides: "This man's horizon stretches far; he will outdo me one day." When Ying took Guangzhou, the Emperor followed as adjutant of the central straight guard; Ying ordered him to raise troops and horses.
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先是武林侯蕭諮為交州刺史,以嚴刻失和,土人李賁連結數州豪傑同時反,台遣高州刺史孫冏、新州刺史盧子雄將兵擊賁。 冏等不時進,皆于廣州伏誅。 子雄弟子略與冏子侄及其主帥杜天合、杜僧明共舉兵,執南江督護沈顗,進寇廣州,晝夜苦攻,州中震恐。 帝率精兵救之,賊眾大潰。 僧明後有功業,遂降。 梁武帝深歎異焉,授直合將軍,封新安縣子,仍遣圖帝貌而觀之。
Earlier Marquis Wulin Xiao Zi, as inspector of Jiaozhou, had alienated the region by harsh rule; the local leader Li Ben rallied magnates across several prefectures in revolt, and the court dispatched Gaozhou inspector Sun Tong and Xinzhou inspector Lu Zixiong against him. Sun Tong and his colleagues failed to advance promptly and were all put to death at Guangzhou. Lu Zixiong's nephew Lue joined Sun Tong's kin and their generals Du Tianhe and Du Sengming in rebellion, seized Southern River supervisor Shen Yan, and besieged Guangzhou day and night until the city trembled with fear. The Emperor led picked troops to the relief of Guangzhou and shattered the rebel army. Du Sengming later won distinction in service and submitted. Emperor Wu of Liang was deeply impressed, made him General of the Direct Guard, created him Baron of Xin'an, and even ordered his portrait painted for inspection.
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二年冬,侯景寇逼,帝將赴援,廣州刺史元景仲陰將圖帝。 帝知之,與成州刺史王懷明等,集兵於南海,馳檄以討景仲。 景仲縊於合下,帝迎蕭勃鎮廣州。
In the second year, winter, as Hou Jing's invasion closed in, the Emperor prepared to march to the rescue, but Guangzhou inspector Yuan Jingzhong secretly plotted his downfall. Forewarned, he joined Chengzhou administrator Wang Huaiming and others at Nanhai and issued a summons to punish Jingzhong. Jingzhong hanged himself under the gate-tower; the Emperor then installed Xiao Bo as garrison commander of Guangzhou.
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時臨賀內史歐陽頠監衡州,蘭裕、蘭京禮扇誘始興等十郡共攻頠,頠請援於勃,勃令帝救之,悉禽裕等。 仍監始興郡事。 帝遣杜僧明、胡穎將二千人頓於嶺上,並厚結始興豪傑,同謀義舉,侯安都、張偲等率眾來附。 蕭勃聞之,遣鍾休悅說停帝,帝泣謂休悅曰:「君辱臣死,誰敢愛命,僕行計決矣。」 時蔡路養起兵據南康,勃遣腹心譚世遠為曲江令,與路養相結,同遏義軍。
At that time interior secretary Ouyang Yu held Hengzhou; Lan Yu and Lan Jingli stirred Shixing and ten neighboring commanderies into joint attack. Yu appealed to Bo, who sent the Emperor to relieve him; Yu and his allies were all taken. He was then put in charge of Shixing commandery. The Emperor posted Du Sengming and Hu Ying with two thousand men on the mountain pass and won over Shixing's leading families for a righteous uprising; Hou Andu, Zhang Si, and others brought their followers over. Xiao Bo sent Zhong Xiuyue to dissuade him; the Emperor wept and said: "When one's lord is disgraced, his servant must die—who clings to life? My mind is made up." Meanwhile Cai Luyang seized Nankang; Bo sent his confidant Tan Shiyuan as magistrate of Qujiang to join Luyang in blocking the loyalist force.
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大寶元年正月,帝發始興,次大庾嶺,大破路養軍,進頓南康。 湘東王繹承制授帝交州刺史,改封南野縣伯,於是修理崎頭古城徙居之。 劉惠騫等望見恒有紫氣冒城上,遠近驚異,故惠騫等深自結於帝。 尋改封長城縣侯,南江州刺史。 時甯都人劉藹等資高州刺史李遷仕舟艦兵仗,將襲南康,帝遣杜僧明等據白口禦。
In the first month of Dabao 1 the Emperor marched from Shixing, camped at Dayu Ridge, broke Luyang's army, and pressed on to Nankang. Prince Xiangdong Xiao Yi, exercising imperial authority, made him inspector of Jiaozhou and raised his title to Earl of Nanye; he restored the old fortress at Qitou and made it his seat. Liu Huiqian and others saw purple mist perpetually shrouding the city from afar and were awestruck; they therefore bound themselves closely to the Emperor. He was soon re-created Marquis of Changcheng and named inspector of the Southern River. Then Liu Ai of Ningdu and others armed Gaozhou inspector Li Qianshi with ships and weapons for a strike on Nankang; the Emperor sent Du Sengming to hold Baikou.
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二年,僧明禽遷仕,送南康斬之。 承制授帝江州刺史。 帝發南康,灨石舊有二十四灘,灘多巨石,行旅以為難。 帝之發,水暴起數丈,三百里間,巨石皆沒。 進軍頓西昌,有龍見水濱,高五丈,五采鮮曜,軍民觀者數萬人。 帝又嘗獨坐胡床於合下,忽有神光滿合,廊廡之間,並得相見。 趙知禮侍側,怪而問帝,帝笑不答。 時承制遣征東將軍王僧辯督眾軍討侯景,次盆城,帝率杜僧明等合三萬人將會焉。 時西軍乏食,帝先貯軍糧五十萬石,至是分三十萬石以資之。 仍頓巴丘。 會侯景廢簡文,立豫章嗣王棟,帝遣兼長史沈袞奉表於江陵勸進。 承制授帝東揚州刺史,領會稽太守。
In the second year Du Sengming captured Qianshi, brought him to Nankang, and executed him. By imperial commission he became inspector of Jiangzhou. As the Emperor marched from Nankang, Gan Rock still held its twenty-four shoals of boulders that travelers had long dreaded. When he departed the waters surged several zhang, and for three hundred li every boulder sank from sight. He advanced to Xichang, where a dragon five zhang tall appeared at the riverbank in blazing five-colored light before tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians. He also once sat alone on a camp stool beneath the gate-tower when divine radiance flooded the hall and lit even the side galleries. Zhao Zhili, attending beside him, asked in astonishment; the Emperor only smiled and said nothing. Then, by commission, Wang Sengbian, General Who Conquers the East, was leading the armies against Hou Jing at Pencheng; the Emperor brought Du Sengming and thirty thousand men to rendezvous with him. The western army was starving; the Emperor had stored fifty thousand shi of grain and now shared thirty thousand shi with them. He then halted at Baqiu. When Hou Jing deposed Emperor Jianwen and set up Prince Yuzhang Dong as heir, the Emperor sent acting chief clerk Shen Gun to Jiangling with a memorial urging enthronement. By commission he became inspector of Dongyang and concurrently administrator of Kuaiji.
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三年,帝帥師發自豫章。 二月,次桑落洲。 時僧辯已發盆城,會帝于白茅灣,乃登岸結壇,刑牲盟約。 進次大雷,軍人杜棱夢雷池君、周、何神,自稱征討大將軍,乘朱航,陳甲仗,稱下征侯景,須臾便還,雲已殺景竟。
In the third year the Emperor led his army out from Yuzhang. In the second month he stopped at Sangluo Isle. Sengbian had already marched from Pencheng and met him at Baimao Bay; they went ashore, built an altar, and swore their alliance with sacrificial victims. Advancing to Dalei, soldier Du Ling dreamed the Lord of Lei Pool and the gods Zhou and He, calling themselves punitive grand generals, came in a crimson boat in full armor to chastise Hou Jing, then swiftly returned declaring Jing already slain.
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三月,帝與諸軍進克姑孰,仍次蔡洲。 侯景登石頭城,望官軍之盛,不悅,曰:「一把子人,何足可打。」 密謂左右曰:「此軍上有紫氣,不易可當。」 乃以貓琉貯石,沈塞淮口,緣淮作城,自石頭迄青溪十餘里中,樓雉相接。 僧辯遣杜崱問計於帝,帝以諸將不敢當鋒,請先往立柵。 即於石頭西橫壟築柵。 眾軍次連八城,直出東北。 賊恐西州路斷,亦于東北果林作五城,以遏大路。 帝曰:「善用兵者,如常山之蛇,使救首救尾,困而無暇。 今我師既眾,賊徒甚寡,應分賊兵力,以強制弱。」 乃命諸將分處置兵,帝與王琳、杜龕等悉力乘之,景眾大潰。 僧辯啟命帝鎮京口。
In the third month the allied armies took Gushu and camped at Cai Isle. Hou Jing climbed Shitou and, seeing the imperial host's might, muttered in displeasure: "A fistful of men—hardly worth a fight." He whispered to his attendants: "Purple mist hangs over that host—not easily resisted." He filled litter boxes with stone, sank them to choke the Huai mouth, and raised a wall with linked towers from Shitou to Qingxi for more than ten li. Sengbian sent Du Yan for counsel; since no general would meet the enemy head-on, the Emperor offered to go forward and throw up palisades. At once he raised a palisade across the mound west of Shitou's bridge. The allied columns linked eight fortified positions in a line thrusting northeast. Fearing severance of the western route, the rebels too threw up five forts in the northeast orchards to choke the highway. The Emperor said: "A master of war is like Mount Chang's serpent—strike the head and the tail responds, strike the tail and the head responds, keeping the enemy too busy to breathe. Our force is many and theirs few; we should split their strength and crush weakness with strength." He dispersed his generals; then he, Wang Lin, Du Kan, and others drove home the attack and Hou Jing's army collapsed. Sengbian memorialized that the Emperor should hold Jingkou.
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五月,齊遣將辛術圍嚴超達于秦郡,帝命徐度領兵助其固守。 齊眾起土山,穿地道,攻之甚急; 帝乃自率萬人解其圍,振旅南歸。 承制授帝征北大將軍、開府儀同三司、南徐州刺史,進封長城縣公。 及王僧辯征陸納於湘州,承制命帝代鎮揚州。 承聖二年,湘州平,帝旋鎮京口。
In the fifth month Northern Qi general Xin Shu besieged Yan Chaoda at Qin commandery; the Emperor sent Xu Du to reinforce the defense. The Qi army piled earthworks and dug tunnels, pressing the siege relentlessly; the Emperor then led ten thousand men in person to break the encirclement and marched south in good order. By commission he became Grand General Who Conquers the North, Commissioner with Grand Prefect insignia, inspector of Southern Xuzhou, and was advanced to Duke of Changcheng. When Wang Sengbian marched against Lu Na in Xiangzhou, the Emperor was commissioned to replace him as garrison commander of Yangzhou. In Chengsheng 2, with Xiangzhou pacified, he returned to hold Jingkou.
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三年三月,進帝位司空。 及魏平江陵,帝與王僧辯等進啟請晉安王乙太宰承制。 十二月,晉安王至自尋陽,入居朝堂,給帝班劍二十人。
In the third year, third month, he was promoted to Minister of Works. After Wei captured Jiangling, he and Wang Sengbian memorialized for Prince Jin'an Yi to serve as Grand Preceptor with imperial commission. In the twelfth month Prince Jin'an arrived from Xunyang and took the court hall; the Emperor received twenty ceremonial swords.
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震州刺史杜龕據吳興,與義興太守韋載舉兵逆命。 辛未,帝表自東討,留高州刺史侯安都、石州刺史杜棱宿衛台省。 甲戌,軍至義興。 秦州刺史徐嗣徽,據城入齊,又要南豫州刺史任約舉兵應龕,齊人資其兵食。 嗣徽乘虛奄至闕下,侯安都出戰,嗣徽等退據石頭。 丁丑,載及龕從弟北叟來降,帝撫而釋之,仍以載兄鼎知郡事。 以嗣徽寇逼,卷甲還都,命周文育進討杜龕。
Zhenzhou inspector Du Kan held Wuxing while Yixing administrator Wei Zai rebelled. On xinwei he memorialized for a personal eastern campaign, leaving Gaozhou inspector Hou Andu and Shizhou inspector Du Ling to guard the capital offices. On jiaxu the army reached Yixing. Qinzhou inspector Xu Sihui surrendered his city to Qi and summoned Southern Yuzhou inspector Ren Yue to revolt in support of Du Kan; Qi supplied both with troops and grain. Sihui stole up to the palace gates; Hou Andu sallied forth and drove him back to Shitou. On dingchou Wei Zai and Du Kan's cousin Beisou surrendered; the Emperor pardoned them and put Zai's brother Ding in charge of the commandery. With Sihui threatening the capital he turned back in haste and ordered Zhou Wenyu forward against Du Kan.
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十一月己卯,齊遣兵五千,度據姑孰,又遣安州刺史翟子崇、楚州刺史劉士榮、淮州刺史柳達摩,領兵萬人,于胡墅度米粟三萬石、馬千匹入石頭。 帝乃遣侯安都領水軍夜襲胡墅,燒齊船,周鐵武率舟師斷齊運輸,帝領鐵騎自西明門襲之。 齊人大潰,嗣徽留達摩等守城,自率親屬腹心,往南州採石,以迎齊援。
In the eleventh month, jimao, Qi sent five thousand men to cross and seize Gushu, and Anzhou inspector Zhai Zichong, Chuzhou inspector Liu Shirong, and Huaizhou inspector Liu Damo with ten thousand troops ferried thirty thousand shi of grain and a thousand horses into Shitou at Husi. He sent Hou Andu's fleet to burn Qi ships at Husi by night, Zhou Tiewu to sever their supply line, and himself led iron cavalry from the Western Bright Gate in the assault. Qi was routed; Sihui left Damo to hold the city and raced south to Caishi to meet Qi reinforcements.
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先是,太白自十一月丙戌不見,十二月乙卯出於東方。 丙辰,帝盡命眾軍分部甲卒,對冶城立航,度兵攻其水南二柵。 柳達摩等度淮置陣,帝督兵疾戰,縱火燒柵,煙塵漲天,齊人大潰,盡收其船艦。 是日,嗣徽、約等領齊兵還據石頭,帝遣侯安都領水軍襲破之,嗣徽等單舸脫走。 丁巳,拔石頭南岸柵,移度北岸起柵,以絕其汲路。 又堙塞東門故城中諸井。 齊所據城中無水,水一合貿米一升,一升米貿絹一匹,或炒米食之。 達摩謂其眾曰:「頃在北,童謠雲,'石頭搗兩襠,搗青復搗黃'。 侯景服青,已倒於此,今吾徒衣黃,豈謠言驗邪。」 庚申,達摩遣侯子欽、劉士榮等請和,帝許之。 乃於城外盟約,其將士恣其南北。 辛酉,帝出石頭南門陳兵,送齊人歸北者。 及至,齊人殺之。 壬戌,齊和州長史烏丸遠自南州奔還曆陽,江甯令陳嗣、黃門侍郎曹朗據姑孰,不從。 帝命侯安都、徐度等討平之,聚其首為京觀。 是月,杜龕以城降。
Venus had vanished since bingxu in the eleventh month; on yimao in the twelfth it reappeared in the east. On bingchen he divided the host, bridged opposite Ye City, and sent troops against the two palisades south of the river. Liu Damo crossed the Huai and formed line; the Emperor fought fiercely, torched the palisades until smoke blotted the sky, routed Qi, and seized every ship. That same day Sihui and Yue brought Qi troops back to Shitou; Hou Andu's fleet smashed them and they fled in lone boats. On dingsi they took Shitou's south-bank palisade, crossed to the north bank, and walled off the water supply. They also choked every well in the old city's east gate quarter. Qi's garrison ran dry; a cup of water bought a pint of rice, a pint of rice a bolt of silk, and some ground rice to eat. Damo told his men: "A northern children's song lately ran: 'Pound Shitou's britches—green first, then yellow. Hou Jing wore green and fell here; we wear yellow—does the rhyme come true?" On gengshen Damo sent Hou Ziqin and Liu Shirong to sue for peace, and the Emperor agreed. They swore peace outside the walls and let Qi soldiers go north or south freely. On xinyou he drew up ranks at Shitou's south gate and escorted the Qi troops northward. When they arrived, the northerners slaughtered them. On renxu Hezhou chief clerk Wuwan Yuan fled from Nan Province to Liyang; Jiangning magistrate Chen Si and palace attendant Cao Lang held Gushu in defiance. The Emperor sent Hou Andu and Xu Du to crush them and piled their heads into a victory mound. That month Du Kan surrendered his city.
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二年正月癸未,誅龕,其弟翕、從弟北叟、司馬沈孝敦並賜死。 三月戊戌,齊遣水軍儀同蕭軌、庫狄伏連、堯難宗、東方老、侍中裴英起、東廣州刺史獨狐辟惡、洛州刺史李希光並任約、徐嗣徽、王僧愔等眾十萬出柵口,向梁山,帳內蕩主黃叢逆擊,敗之,燒其前軍船艦。 齊頓軍保蕪湖。 五月丙申,齊兵至秣陵故城。 己亥,帝率宗室王侯及朝臣,于大司馬門外白虎闕下,刑牲告天,以齊人背約,發言慷慨,涕泗交流,士卒觀者益奮。 辛丑,齊軍於秣陵故城,跨淮立橋柵,引度兵馬。 癸卯,自方山進及兒塘,游騎至台,都下震駭。 帝潛以精卒三千配沈泰,度江襲齊行台趙彥深于瓜步,獲其舟粟。 六月甲辰,齊兵潛至鍾山龍尾。 丁未,進至莫府山。 帝遣錢明領水軍出江乘,要擊齊人糧運,盡獲之。 齊軍大餒,殺馬驢而食之。 壬子,齊軍至玄武湖西北莫府山南,將據北郊壇。 眾軍自覆舟東移,頓郊壇北,與齊人相對。 其夜,大雨震電,暴風拔木,平地水丈餘。 齊軍晝夜坐立泥中,縣鬲以爨,足指皆爛。 而台中及潮溝北,水退路燥,官軍每得番易。 甲寅,少霽。 是時食盡,調市人饋軍,皆是麥屑為飯,以荷葉裹而分給,間以麥絆,兵士皆困。 會文帝遣送米三千石,鴨千頭,帝即炊米煮鴨,誓申一戰。 士及防身,計糧數臠,人人裹飯,婫以鴨肉。 帝命眾軍蓐食,攻之,齊軍大潰。 執嗣徽及其弟嗣宗,斬之以徇。 虜蕭軌、東方老、王敬寶、李希光、裴英起、王僧智等將帥四十六人。 其軍士得竄至江者,縳筏以濟,中江而溺,流屍至京口者彌岸。 惟任約、王僧愔獲免。 先是童謠云:「虜萬夫,入五湖,城南酒家使虜奴。」 自晉、宋以後,經絓在魏境江、淮以北,南人皆謂為虜,于時以賞俘貿酒者,一人裁得一醉。 丁巳,眾軍出南州,燒賊舟。 己未,斬劉歸義、徐嗣產、傅野豬于建康市。 是日解嚴。 庚申,誅蕭軌、東方老、王敬寶、李希光、裴英起等。
In the second year's first month, guiwei, Du Kan was executed; his brother Xi, cousin Beisou, and chief clerk Shen Xiaodun were all put to death. On wuxu in the third month Qi sent Commissioner Xiao Gui, Kudie Fulian, Yao Nanzong, Dongfang Lao, Pei Yingqi, Eastern Guangzhou inspector Dugu Pie'e, Luozhou inspector Li Xiguang, and with them Ren Yue, Xu Sihui, Wang Sengyin—one hundred thousand men—from Zhakou toward Liang Mountain; tent-guard chief Huang Cong counterattacked, routed them, and burned the vanguard fleet. Qi's army halted and fortified Wuhu. On bingshen in the fifth month Qi reached old Moling. On jihai the Emperor led princes and ministers outside the Grand Marshal Gate beneath the White Tiger Tower, sacrificed to Heaven accusing Qi of breaking faith; he spoke with burning passion, wept openly, and the watching soldiers burned with new zeal. On xinchou Qi bridged the Huai at old Moling and drew troops across behind palisades. On guimao, advancing from Fang Mountain to Ertang, Qi scouts reached the capital and the city quaked with fear. The Emperor secretly gave Shen Tai three thousand elite troops to cross the river and strike Qi field marshal Zhao Yanshen at Guabu, capturing boats and grain. On jiachen in the sixth month Qi stole up to Dragon Tail on Zhong Mountain. On dingwei they reached Mofu Mountain. The Emperor sent Qian Ming's fleet from Jiangcheng to cut Qi's grain convoys and seized them entire. Qi's army starved and slaughtered horses and donkeys for food. On renzi Qi reached the northwest shore of Xuanwu Lake below Mofu Mountain, aiming to take the northern suburban altar. The allied armies shifted east of Fuzhou and camped north of the suburban altar, squarely facing Qi. That night thunderous rain and gale uprooted trees and left a zhang of water on the flats. Qi's men day and night stood in mud, cooking from hanging pots until their toes rotted away. Inside the capital and north of Chaogou the flood fell and roads dried, letting the imperial army rotate fresh units. On jiayin the sky briefly cleared. Food ran out; townsfolk were pressed to feed the army on barley-bran cakes wrapped in lotus leaves, sometimes laced with chaff, and the troops were spent. Then Emperor Wen sent three thousand shi of rice and a thousand ducks; the Emperor cooked them at once and vowed one decisive battle. Officers rationed meat by the slice; every man packed rice stuffed with duck. He ordered the host to eat at the ready and strike; Qi's army collapsed. They took Xu Sihui and his brother Sizong and beheaded them as a public warning. Forty-six Qi commanders were taken, among them Xiao Gui, Dongfang Lao, Wang Jingbao, Li Xiguang, Pei Yingqi, and Wang Sengzhi. Qi soldiers who reached the river tied rafts to cross, drowned midstream, and corpses choked the banks at Jingkou. Only Ren Yue and Wang Sengyin got away. A children's song had run: "A hundred thousand barbarians enter the Five Lakes; south of the city tavernkeepers turn captives into slaves." Since Jin and Song, lands north of the Yangtze and Huai in Wei's grip were called "barbarian country" by southerners; now one captive's bounty barely bought a cup of wine. On dingsi the allied armies sailed to Nan Province and burned the enemy fleet. On jiwei Liu Guiyi, Xu Sichan, and Fu Yezhu were executed in Jiankang market. That day the capital stood down from alert. On gengshen Xiao Gui, Dongfang Lao, Wang Jingbao, Li Xiguang, Pei Yingqi, and others were put to death.
16
二年正月壬寅,詔加帝班劍十人,並前為三十。 丁未,詔贈皇兄道談南兗州刺史、長城縣公,諡曰昭烈。 皇弟休先侍中、南徐州刺史、武康縣侯,諡曰忠壯。 甲寅,遣兼侍中謁者僕射陸繕策拜長城縣夫人章氏為義興國夫人。 丁卯,詔贈皇祖侍中、太常卿,諡曰孝。 追封皇祖妣許氏吳郡嘉興縣君,諡曰敬。 皇妣張氏義興國太夫人,諡曰宣。
In the second year's first month, renyin, an edict added ten ceremonial swords, thirty in total. On dingwei an edict posthumously created the Emperor's elder brother Daotan inspector of Southern Yanzhou and Duke of Changcheng, titled posthumously Zhaolie. His younger brother Xiuxian, attendant and Southern Xuzhou inspector, Marquis of Wukang, was titled posthumously Zhongzhuang. On jiayin acting attendant and Master of Ceremonies Lu Yan was sent to invest Duchess Changcheng Lady Zhang as Lady of Yixing. On dingmao an edict posthumously honored the imperial grandfather as attendant and Minister of Ceremonies, titled Xiao. The grandfather's mother Lady Xu was posthumously created Lady of Jiaxing in Wujun, titled Jing. The imperial mother Lady Zhang, Grand Lady of Yixing, was titled posthumously Xuan.
17
二月庚午,蕭勃舉兵自廣州度嶺,頓南康,遣其將歐陽頠、傅泰及其子孜為前軍,至豫章,分屯要險,南江州刺史余孝頃起兵應勃,帝命周文育、侯安都率眾討平之。
On gengwu in the second month Xiao Bo rebelled from Guangzhou, crossed the mountains, camped at Nankang, and sent Ouyang Yu, Fu Tai, and his son Zi ahead to Yuzhang while Southern River inspector Yu Xiaoxiang joined the revolt; the Emperor sent Zhou Wenyu and Hou Andu to crush them.
18
八月甲午,帝進位太傅,加黃鉞,劍履上殿,入朝不趨,贊拜不名。 丙申,加前後部羽葆、鼓吹。 是時,湘州刺史王琳擁兵不應命,遣周文育、侯安都率眾討之。
On jiawu in the eighth month he was promoted to Grand Preceptor with the yellow axe, permission to wear sword and shoes in court, to enter without hastening, and to be praised without naming. On bingshen front and rear feather parasols and drum-and-pipe escort were added. Then Xiangzhou inspector Wang Lin kept his army and defied orders; Zhou Wenyu and Hou Andu were sent against him.
19
九月辛丑,梁帝進帝位相國,總百揆,封十郡為陳公,備九錫之禮,加璽紱,遠遊冠,綠綟綬,位在諸侯王上。 策曰:大哉幹元,資日月以貞觀,至哉坤元,憑山川以載物。 故惟天為大,陟配者欽明,惟王建國,翼輔者齊聖。 是以文、武之佐,磻溪蘊其玉璜,堯、舜之臣,榮河鏤其金板! 況乎體得一之鴻姿,甯陽九之危厄,拯橫流于碣石,撲燎火於昆岡,驅馭于韋、彭,跨蹍于齊、晉,神功行而靡用,聖道運而無名者乎。 今將授公典策,其敬聽朕命:
On xinchou in the ninth month the Liang emperor made him Chancellor overseeing all affairs, enfeoffed ten commanderies as Duke of Chen with the Nine Bestowments, seal and ribbon, far-wandering cap, and green cord—rank above every prince. The commission proclaimed: Great is the Creative Heaven, sustaining sun and moon in steadfast vision; utmost is the Receptive Earth, bearing mountains and rivers upon her back. Thus Heaven alone is great, and he who mounts to match it shines with reverent brilliance; the king alone founds the realm, and his helper shares in sagehood. So the aides of Kings Wen and Wu hid jade scepters at Pan Stream; the ministers of Yao and Shun cut golden tablets at the Glory River! How much more one who embodied the great swan's unity, stilled ninefold peril, rescued the drowning flood at Jieshi, smothered Kun Hill's blaze, drove like Wei and Peng, trampled Qi and Jin—whose divine merit moved unseen and whose sage way worked unnamed! Now I confer the canonical commission upon you; hear my command with reverence:
20
日者,昊天不吊,鍾亂於我國家,網漏吞舟,強胡內贔,茫茫宇宙,惵惵黎元,方趾圓顱,萬不遺一。 太清否亢,橋山之痛以深,大寶屯如,平陽之禍相繼。 上宰膺運,康救黔黎,鞠旅于溟池之南,揚旌于桂嶺之北,縣三光於已墜,謐四海於群飛,光啟中興,蕩甯上國。 此則公之大造於皇家者也。 既而天未悔禍,夷醜薦臻,南夏崩騰,西京蕩覆。 塚司昏撓,旁引寇讎,既見貶于桐宮,方謀危於漢閣,皇運已殆,何殊贅旒,中國搖然,非徒如線。 公赫然投袂,匡救本朝,復莒齊都,平戎王室。 朕所以還膺寶曆,重履宸居,挹建武之風猷,歌宣王之雅頌。 此又公之再造於皇家者也。
Lately Heaven withheld pity; chaos struck our house; the net let great fish escape; fierce barbarians swelled within; in the vast cosmos the people trembled—not one in ten thousand was spared. Taiqing's obstruction cut deep as Qiao Mountain's grief; Dabao's hardship piled up and Pingyang's disasters followed one upon another. The chief minister took up the mandate, saved the people, gathered armies south of the dark sea and raised banners north of Gui Ridge, rehung the fallen three luminaries, stilled the four seas in flight, opened the mid-restoration, and swept the upper realm to peace. This is your great founding work for the royal house. Yet Heaven had not yet repented; barbarian hordes came again; the southern realm buckled and the western capital fell. The Minister of the Masses wavered and courted enemies; already shut in the Tung Palace, he plotted against the Han pavilion; the throne hung by a surplus tassel and the heartland swayed like a fraying thread. You boldly shook out your sleeves, rescued the dynasty, recovered Ju as Qi had its capital, and secured the royal house against the barbarians. Hence I again mount the precious calendar, again tread the imperial hall, draw on Jianwu's style, and sing King Xuan's odes. This again is your second founding of the royal house.
21
公應務之初,登庸惟始,孫、盧肇釁,越貊為災,番部阽危,勢將淪殄。 公赤旗所指,祅壘洞開,白羽才撝,凶徒紛潰。 此又公之功也。 大同之末,邊政不修,李賁狂迷,竊我交、愛。 公英暮雅算,電掃風行,馳禦樓船,直跨滄海。 三山獠洞,八角蠻陬,逖矣水寓之鄉,悠哉火山之國,馬援之所不屆,陶璜之所未開,莫不懼我王靈,爭朝邊候,歸賝天府,獻狀鴻臚。 此又公之功也。 自寇虜陵江,宮闈幽辱,而番禺連率,本自諸夷,言得其朋,是懷同惡。 公仗此忠誠,乘機剿定,執沛令而釁鼓,平新野而據鞍。 此又公之功也。 世道初艱,方隅多難,公以國盜邊警,知無不為,恤是同盟,誅其丑類,南土黔黎,重保蘇息。 此又公之功也。 長驅嶺嶠,夢想京畿,緣道酋豪,遞為榛梗,路養渠帥,全據大都,蓄聚逋逃,方謀阻亂。 公龍驤虎步,嘯吒風雲,山靡堅城,野無強陣,清祅氛于灨石,滅沴氣於雩都。 此又公之功也。 遷仕凶慝,屯據大皋,乞活類馬騰之軍,流人多杜弢之眾。 公坐揮三略,遙制六奇,義勇同心,貔貅騁力,雷奔電擊,穀靜山空,列郡無犬吠之驚,叢祠罷狐鳴之盜。 此又公之功也。 王師討虜,次屆淪波,兵乏兼儲,士有饑色。 公回麾彭蠡,積穀巴丘,億庾之詠斯豐,壺漿之甿是眾。 故使三軍勇銳,百戰無前,承此兵糧,遂殄凶逆。 此又公之功也。 盆壘猜攜,用淹戎略。 公志惟同獎,師克在和,屈禮交盟,神只感咽,故能使舟師並路,遠邇朋心。 此又公之功也。 姑孰襟要,崤、函所憑,寇虜據其關梁,大盜負其扃鐍。 公一校才撝,三雄並奮,左賢右角,沙潰土崩,鄂阪之隘斯開,夷庚之道無塞。 此又公之功也。 義軍大眾,俱集帝京,逆豎凶徒,猶屯皇邑。 公回茲地軸,抗此天羅,曾不崇朝,俾無遺噍。 此又公之功也。 內難初靜,諸侯出關,外郡傳烽,鮮卑犯塞。 公舟師步甲,亙野橫江,殲厥群氐,遂殫封豕。 此又公之功也。 公克黜禍難,劬勞皇室,而孫、甯之黨,翻啟狄人,伊、洛之間,咸為虜戍,朝闇戎塵,夜喧胡鼓。 公三籌既畫,八陣斯張,裁舉靈鉟,亦抽金僕,咸俘丑類,悉反高墉。 此又公之功也。 任約叛渙,梟聲不悛,戎羯貪婪,狼心無改。 公左甄右落,箕張翼舒,掃是欃槍,驅其獫狁,投秦坑而盡沸,噎濉水而不流。 此又公之功也。 一相居中,自折彝鼎,五湖小守,妄懷同惡。 公夙駕兼道,衣制杖戎,玉斧將揮,金鉦且戒,祅酋震懾,遽請灰釘。 此又公之功也。 賊龕凶橫,陵虐具區,阻兵安忍,憑災怙亂。 公雖宗居汝、潁,世寓東南,眷言桑梓,公私憤切,戮此大憝,如烹小鮮。 此又公之功也。 同姓有扈,頑凶不賓,憑藉宗盟,圖危社稷。 公論兵於廟堂之上,決勝於尊俎之間,寇、賈、樊、滕,浮江下瀨,一朝翦撲,無待甸師。 此又公之功也。 豫章祅寇,依憑山澤,繕甲完聚,多曆歲時,結從連橫,爰洎交、廣。 呂嘉既獲,吳濞已鏦,命我還師,征其不恪,連營盡拔,偽黨斯禽。 此又公之功也。 自八紘九野,瓜剖豆分,竊帝偷王,連州比縣。 公武靈已暢,文德又宣,折簡馳書,風猷斯遠。 此又公之功也。 京師禍亂,亟積寒暄,雙闕低昂,九門寥豁。 公求衣昧旦,昃食高舂,興構宮闈,具瞻遐邇。 郊庠宗稷之典,六符十等之章,還聞泰始之風流,重睹永平之遺事。 此又公之功也。
When first you took office, Sun and Lu raised rebellion; the Yue and Mo brought disaster; frontier tribes teetered on extinction. Where your red banner pointed, demon forts gaped open; where your white-feather standard waved, vicious bands scattered. This too is your merit. At Datong's end frontier rule collapsed; Li Ben ran wild and seized our Jiao and Ai. You deployed elegant stratagems at dusk; lightning scoured the wind's path; tower-ships galloped straight across the blue sea. Three Mountains' liao caves, Eight Angles' barbarian corners—lands of water-dwellers and fire-mountains where Ma Yuan never came and Tao Huang never opened—all feared our king's majesty, sought the frontier guard, sent tribute to the celestial treasury, and presented registers to the Grand Herald. This too is your merit. After invaders crossed the river and shamed the palace, the Panyu commander—himself of barbarian stock—found his kindred in speech and shared their evil in heart. You relied on loyal purpose, seized the moment to strike, executed the Pei magistrate to beat the warning drum, pacified Xinye and mounted the saddle. This too is your merit. When the age first turned hard and the regions troubled, you because the state was robbed and the frontier alarmed left nothing undone; you succored allies and executed villains until the southern people breathed again. This too is your merit. Long-marching the ridges yet dreaming of the capital, local magnates along the road became brambled barriers; Lu Yang's chieftain held the great city, gathered fugitives, and plotted obstruction. You dragon-surged and tiger-stepped, roaring through wind and cloud; strong walls fell in the mountains, strong formations vanished in the wilds; you cleared demon vapor at Gan Rock and pestilence at Yu Capital. This too is your merit. The vicious Qian Shi held Dago with armies like Ma Teng's beggar bands and drifting masses like Du Tao's followers. You sat wielding the Three Stratagems and remotely deployed the Six Wonders; righteous courage shared one heart and brave tigers strained their power; thunder ran and lightning struck until valleys stilled and mountains emptied; no commandery feared barking dogs and fox-crying shrines fell silent. This too is your merit. The royal army punished invaders at the sunken waves; troops lacked combined stores and soldiers wore hunger on their faces. You turned your banner at Poyang and piled grain at Baqiu; granaries swelled with the ode's abundance and mulberry folk came with pot and broth. Thus the three armies grew brave and sharp, unbeaten in a hundred fights; fed on this grain they exterminated the vicious rebels. This too is your merit. Pen fortress nursed suspicion and division, delaying the military plan. Your will sought only mutual encouragement; armies conquer through harmony; you bent ritual to alliance until spirits sighed with emotion; thus fleet and land marched one road and near and far shared one heart. This too is your merit. Gushu was strategically vital as Xiao and Han passes; invaders held its gates and great bandits its bolts. One wave of your command and three heroes strove; left worthy, right corner—sand broke and earth collapsed; Eban's narrow pass opened and Yigeng's road cleared. This too is your merit. The righteous host gathered at the imperial capital while rebel villains still camped in the royal city. You turned the earth-axis and resisted the sky-net; in less than one morning none remained to devour. This too is your merit. When internal trouble first stilled, lords marched out through the passes; outer commanderies lit beacons and Xianbei violated the frontier. Your fleet and foot stretched field and river; you exterminated the Di clans and exhausted the great boar. This too is your merit. You overcame calamity and toiled for the throne, yet Sun and Ning's faction again opened the door to Di; between Yi and Luo all became barbarian garrisons; court dark with barbarian dust, night loud with Hu drums. Your three stratagems drawn and eight formations spread, you raised the spirit axe and drew the golden servant; every villain was taken and every wall reclaimed. This too is your merit. Ren Yue rebelled and scattered with unrepentant owl cry; Rong and Jie stayed greedy with wolf hearts unchanged. Left wing and right rear, winnow-spread and wing-stretched, you swept the comet-staff and drove the Xianyun; cast into Qin's pit they boiled; choked Sui's waters they ceased to flow. This too is your merit. One minister held the center and himself broke the ritual tripod; a petty Five Lakes guard vainly shared their evil. You early drove double-quick, clothed for war with staff in hand; jade axe ready to swing, golden gong already warning; demon chieftains trembled and hastily begged death by nail and ash. This too is your merit. The villain Du Kan was fierce and overbearing, tyrannizing the entire region, trusting arms and cruelty, clinging to chaos born of disaster. Though your clan seat lay in Ru and Ying while your family dwelt in the southeast, you burned with public and private wrath for your homeland and slaughtered this great villain as easily as cooking a small fish. This too is your merit. A kinsman of the same surname, stubborn and defiant, relied on clan alliance to threaten the altars of soil and grain. You debated war in the temple hall and decided victory over the feast; Kou, Jia, Fan, and Teng floated down the river's rapids and were cut down in one morning without waiting for the capital army. This too is your merit. Yuzhang's demon bandits relied on mountains and marshes, repaired armor and hoarded stores for years, linking alliances even to Jiao and Guang. When Lü Jia was taken and Wu Pi pierced, you ordered the army home and then marched against their disobedience; linked camps fell and the false party was captured. This too is your merit. From the eight cords and nine wilds, realm carved like melon and bean, men stole thrones and false kings linked prefecture to prefecture. Your martial spirit already flowed freely and civil virtue proclaimed anew; with folded letters and galloping dispatches your influence reached far. This too is your merit. The capital's calamity piled season upon season; the paired towers hung askew and the nine gates gaped empty. You rose for robes at dawn's dimness and ate at sunset like the high pounding-stone, raised the palace quarters, and drew the gaze of near and far. Suburban schools, altars of soil and grain, six tally-tokens and ten-rank seals—again Taishi's elegance was heard and Yongping's surviving rites seen. This too is your merit.
22
公有濟天下之勳,重之以明德,凝神體道,合德符天。 用百姓以為心,隨萬機而成務,上德不德,無為以為。 夏長春生,顯仁藏用,功成化洽,樂奏咸雲,安上御人,禮兼文質。 是以天無蘊寶,地有呈祥,既景煥于圖書,方葳蕤于史牒,高勳踰於象緯,積德冠于嵩、華,固無得而稱者矣。
You had merit in saving the world, further weighted with bright virtue; concentrating spirit and embodying the Way, combining virtue to match Heaven. You took the hundred surnames as your heart and followed myriad affairs to their completion; highest virtue is non-virtue, non-action as action. Summer grows and spring generates, displaying benevolence and concealing use; merit accomplished and transformation harmonized, music played to Universal Cloud, settling the above and governing men, rites joining civil and martial. Heaven hid no treasure and Earth showed auspice; glory already blazed in documents and was about to flourish in records; high merit exceeded the asterisms and accumulated virtue crowned Song and Hua—truly beyond naming.
23
朕又聞之:前王宰世,茂賞尊賢,式樹藩長,總征群伯。 二南崇絕,四履遐曠,泱泱表海,祚土維齊; 岩岩泰山,俾侯于魯。 況復經營宇宙,寧惟斷鼇足之功,弘濟蒼生,非直鑿龍門之險。 而疇庸報德,寂爾無聞,朕所以垂拱當寧,載懷慚悸者也。 今授公相國,以南豫州之陳留南丹陽宣城、揚州之吳興東陽新安新甯、南徐州之義興、江州之鄱陽臨川十郡,封公為陳公。 錫茲青土,苴以白茅,爰定爾邦,用建塚社。 昔旦、奭分陝,俱為保師,晉、鄭諸侯,咸作卿士。 兼其內外,禮實攸宜。 今命使持節、兼太尉王通授相國印綬,陳公璽紱; 使持節、兼司空王瑒授陳公茅土,金虎符第一至第五左,竹使符第一至第十左。 相國秩踰三鉉,任總百司,位絕朝班,禮由事革。 以相國總百揆,除錄尚書之號,上所假節、侍中貂蟬、中書監印章、中外都督太傅印綬、義興公印策,其鎮衛大將軍,揚州牧如故。 又加公九錫,其敬聽後命:以公禮為楨幹,律等銜策,四維皆舉,八柄有章。 是用錫公大輅、戎輅各一,玄牡二駟。 以公賤寶崇穀,疏爵待農,室富京坻,人知榮辱。 是用錫公袞冕之服,赤舄副焉。 以公調理陰陽,燮諧風雅,三靈允降,萬國同和。 是用錫公軒縣之樂,六佾之舞。 以公宣導王猷,弘闡風教,光景所照,鞮象必通。 是用錫公朱戶以居。 以公抑揚清濁,褒德進賢,髦士盈朝,幽人虛穀。 是用錫公納陛以登。 以公嶷然廊廟,為世鎔範,折沖四表,臨御八荒。 是用錫公虎賁之士三百人。 以公軌茲明罰,期在刑厝,象恭無赦,幹紀必誅。 是用錫公斧鉞各一。 以公英猷遠量,跨厲嵩、溟,包一車書,括囊寰宇。 是用錫公彤弓一、彤矢百,盧弓十、盧矢千。 以公天經地義,貫徹幽明,春露秋霜,允供粢盛。 是用錫公秬鬯一卣,圭瓚副焉。 陳國置丞相以下,一遵舊式。 往欽哉! 其恭循朕命,克相皇天,弘建邦家,允興鴻業,以光我高祖之休命。
I also heard: former kings ruling the age richly rewarded the worthy, erecting feudal chiefs to command the lords. The Two Souths stood loftily apart; four treadings reached far; vast it faced the sea and fief soil was Qi; Lofty, lofty Mount Tai, making lords of Lu. How much more managing the cosmos—not only severing the turtle's legs; broadly saving the people—not merely carving the Dragon Gate. Yet rewarding merit and repaying virtue went silently unheard; hence I bow at the throne handling affairs, always bearing shame and fear. Now I confer the Chancellorship: Chenliu, southern Danyang, and Xuancheng of Southern Yuzhou; Wuxing, Dongyang, Xin'an, and Xinning of Yangzhou; Yixing of Southern Xuzhou; Poyang and Linchuan of Jiangzhou—ten commanderies—and enfeoff you as Duke of Chen. Bestow this azure earth wrapped in white thatch, thereby fixing your state and establishing your altar of soil and grain. Formerly the Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shao divided Shan; both were guardian teachers; lords of Jin and Zheng all served as ministers. Combining inner and outer, the rites were truly fitting. Now I order Commissioner Bearing the Staff and concurrent Grand Commandant Wang Tong to confer the chancellor's seal and cord and Duke of Chen's seal and ribbon; Commissioner Bearing the Staff and concurrent Minister of Works Wang Chang to confer the duke's earth and thatch, golden tiger tallies one through five left, bamboo tallies one through ten left. The chancellor's rank exceeded the three handles; his task summed the hundred offices; his court rank surpassed the court cohort; rites followed the changed matter. As chancellor he summed all affairs; the title Recording the Masters of Writing was removed; lent seals of staff, attendant cicada, Secretariat director, inside-and-outside grand prefect and grand tutor, and Yi'ing duke's commission remained—as Garrison Defender Grand General and Yangzhou governor, unchanged. Also added the Nine Bestowments; hear the later command: because your rites are the state's pillar and law equals bit-and-rein, the four dimensions rise and eight handles order. Therefore bestowed one great carriage and one war carriage, teams of four black stallions each. Because you despise treasure and honor grain, spread ranks to await farming, granaries rich as Jing mound, and men knowing honor and shame. Therefore bestowed the robe and cap of highest rank, with red shoes besides. Because you harmonize yin and yang and harmonize wind and elegance, the three spirits descend and ten thousand states share harmony. Therefore bestowed suspended music and the six-row dance. Because you proclaim the king's plan and broadly clarify wind and teaching, wherever light reaches, leather and ivory must connect. Therefore bestowed vermilion doors to dwell in. Because you raise the clear and lower the turbid, praise virtue and advance the worthy, fine scholars fill the court and recluses fill empty valleys. Therefore bestowed covered steps to ascend. Because you stand lofty in hall and temple as the age's mold, breaking enemy thrust at the four quarters and governing the eight wilds. Therefore bestowed three hundred tiger-guard warriors. Because you track bright punishment, aiming at punishments set aside, respectful law without pardon, violators must die. Therefore bestowed one axe and one yue. Because your heroic plan and far measure stride Song and the dark sea, wrap one cart of documents and bag the whole cosmos. Therefore bestowed one red bow and one hundred red arrows, ten black bows and one thousand black arrows. Because your heaven-pattern and earth-righteousness penetrate dark and bright, spring dew and autumn frost truly supply sacrificial grain. Therefore bestowed one jar of black millet ale, with libation cup and ladle besides. The Chen state established chancellor and below, all following the old pattern. Go—reverently! Reverently follow my command, assist August Heaven, broadly establish state and house, truly raise the great enterprise, and glorify my high ancestor's fine command.
24
十月戊辰,又進帝爵為王。 以揚州之會稽臨海永嘉建安、南徐州之晉陵信安、江州之尋陽豫章安成廬陵,並前為二十郡,益封陳國。 其相國、揚州牧、鎮衛大將軍並如故。 又命陳王冕十有二旒,建天子旌旗,出警入蹕,乘金根車,駕六馬,備五時副車,置旄頭雲罕,樂舞八佾,設鍾虡宮縣。 王妃、王子、王女爵命之號,陳台百官,一依舊典。
In the tenth month, wuchen, he was again advanced to King. Kuaiji, Linhai, Yongjia, and Jian'an of Yangzhou; Jinling and Xin'an of Southern Xuzhou; Xunyang, Yuzhang, Ancheng, and Luling of Jiangzhou—with the prior ten, twenty commanderies—increased Chen's enfeoffment. Chancellor, Yangzhou governor, and Garrison Defender Grand General remained unchanged. Also ordered the Chen king's twelve-tassel cap, Son of Heaven banners, road clearing on exit and return, golden-root carriage drawn by six horses, five-season secondary carriages, Máo-head and cloud-banner, eight-row music and dance, bell-frames and palace bells. Queen consort, princes, and princesses' titles; Chen court's hundred offices—all followed the old canon.
25
辛未,梁帝禪位於陳,策曰:
On xinwei the Liang emperor abdicated to Chen; the commission read:
26
咨爾陳王,惟昔上古,厥初生人,驪連、栗陸之前,容成、大庭之世,杳冥慌忽,故靡得而詳焉。 自羲、農、軒、昊之君,陶唐、有虞之主,或垂衣而禦四海,或無為而子萬姓,居之如馭朽索,去之如脫弊屣,裁遇許由,便能舍帝,暫逢善卷,即以讓王。 故知玄扈琁璣,非關尊貴,金根玉輅,示表君臨。 及南觀河渚,東沈刻璧,菁華既竭,耄勤已倦,則抗首而笑,惟賢是與,澇然作歌,簡能斯授。 遺風餘烈,昭晰圖書,漢、魏因循,是為故實,宋、齊授受,又弘斯義。 我高祖應期撫運,握樞禦宇,三後重光,祖宗齊聖。 及時屬陽九,封豕薦食,西都失馭,夷狄交侵。 乃暨天成,輕弄龜鼎,惵惵黔首,若崩厥角,徽徽皇極,將甚綴旒。
Consult you, Chen King: in upper antiquity at mankind's first birth, before Lilian and Lilu, in the eras of Rongcheng and Dating—dim and fleeting, hence nothing detailed can be known. From lords Fu Xi, Shen Nong, and Xuan Hao to rulers Tao Tang and You Yu—some draped robes and governed the four seas, some ruled through non-action—dwelling was like driving rotten rope, departing like doffing worn shoes; briefly meeting Xu You, then yielding the throne; briefly encountering Shan Juan, then yielding kingship. Thus the dark Huo and jade armillary were not tied to nobility; golden-root carriage and jade chariot marked the ruler. Reaching south to view the river islet and east to sink the carved jade disk—youthful splendor exhausted, aged diligence weary—then raising head to laugh, only the worthy was given, pouring forth in song, selecting ability thus conferred. Surviving wind and remaining blaze stand clear in documents; Han and Wei followed in succession as old reality; Song and Qi transmitted and received, again enlarged this righteousness. Our high ancestor met the era and soothed the mandate, grasped the pivot and governed the realm; the three sovereigns shone again; ancestors equally sage. When the time met yang's nine, the great boar came repeatedly to feed; the western capital lost control and barbarians and Di invaded together. Then reaching Heaven's completion, lightly playing with the turtle tripod; trembling people as if collapsing horn-tips; the subtle imperial pinnacle about to exceed a surplus tassel.
27
惟王乃聖乃神,欽明文思,二儀並運,四時合序,天錫智勇,人挺雄傑,珠庭日角,龍行虎步。 爰初投袂,曰乃勤王,電掃番禺,雲撤彭蠡,翦其元惡,定我京畿。 及王賀帝弘,貿茲冠履,既行伊、霍,用保沖人。 震澤、稽陰,並懷叛逆,獯、羯醜虜,三亂皇都,裁命偏師,二邦自殄,薄伐獫狁,六戎盡殪。 嶺南叛換,湘、郢連結,賊帥既禽,凶渠傳首。 用能百揆時序,四門允穆,無思不服,無遠不屆,上達穹昊,下漏深泉,蛟魚並見,謳歌攸屬。 況乎長彗橫天,已征布新之兆,璧日斯既,實表更姓之符。 七百無常期,皇王非一族。 昔木德既季,而傳祚于我有梁。 天之歷數,允集明哲。 式遵前典,廣詢群議,王公卿尹,莫不攸屬,敬從人只之願,授帝位於爾躬。 四海困窮,天祿永終,王其允執厥中,軌儀前式,以副溥天之望。 禋郊祀帝,時膺大禮,永固洪業,豈不盛與! 又命璽書,遣兼太保、尚書左僕射王通,兼太尉、司徒左長史王瑒,奉皇帝璽紱,受終之禮,一依唐、虞故事。 是日,梁帝遜于別宮。 帝謙讓再三,群臣固請,乃許之。
Only you are sage and divine, reverently bright in literary thought; two instruments jointly operate, four seasons in order; Heaven bestowed wisdom and courage, men raised heroic excellence; pearl court and sun corner, dragon walk and tiger step. At first shaking sleeves to aid the king; lightning swept Panyu, clouds cleared Poyang; cut the chief villain and settled our capital region. When you congratulated the emperor and enlarged crown and shoes, already acting Yi and Huo, thereby protecting the young ruler. Zhen Marsh and Kuaiji Yin both rebelled; Xian and Jie captives thrice disturbed the capital; barely ordering partial armies, the two regions perished; lightly campaigning Xianyun, the six Rong were exterminated. Lingnan rebelled; Xiang and Ying linked; the bandit commander was taken and the vicious ringleader's head sent. You made the hundred officials timely ordered and four gates truly harmonious; none refused submission, none too distant to reach; above reaching azure heaven, below leaking deep springs; dragons and fish both appeared and songs of praise attached. How much more the long comet crossing heaven already signaled spreading the new; the jade sun's setting truly showed changing surname. Seven hundred years without fixed term; emperor and king not one clan. Formerly Wood Virtue already in decline, transmission passed to our Liang. Heaven's calendar and number truly gathered on the bright and wise. Following the former canon and broadly consulting opinion—princes, dukes, ministers, governors—none dissented; reverently following people and spirits, I confer the imperial throne upon you. The four seas in distress, Heaven's blessing ended—you shall hold the center, follow the former pattern, and answer vast heaven's hope. Sacrifice at the suburban altar to worship the Emperor, timely receive the great rites, forever secure the great enterprise—how is it not grand! Also ordered the imperial commission, dispatching concurrent Grand Preceptor and Left Vice Director Wang Tong and concurrent Grand Commandant and Minister of Works Left Chief Clerk Wang Chang to present the emperor's seal and ribbon; receiving-the-end rites all followed Tang and Yu's old story. That day the Liang emperor withdrew to the separate palace. The Emperor declined repeatedly; ministers firmly pressed; then he consented.
28
永定元年冬十月乙亥,皇帝即位于南郊,柴燎告天曰:
In Yongding 1, tenth month, yihai, the Emperor ascended the throne at the southern suburb; burning firewood he announced to Heaven:
29
皇帝臣霸先,敢用玄牡昭告於皇皇后帝:
The Emperor, your subject Baxian, dares use the black stallion to announce clearly to August Heaven and August Earth:
30
梁氏以圮剝薦臻,曆運有極,欽若天應,以命於霸先。 夫肇有黎烝,乃樹司牧,選賢與能,未常厥姓。 有梁末運,仍葉遘屯,獯醜憑陵,久移神器。 承聖在外,非能祀夏,天未悔禍,復罹寇逆。 嫡嗣廢黜,宗枝僭詐,天地板蕩,紀綱泯絕。 霸先爰初投袂,大拯橫流,重舉義兵,實戡多難。 廢王立帝,實有厥功,安國定社,用盡其力,是謂小康,方期大道。 既而煙雲表色,日月呈祥,除舊佈新,既彰玄象,遷虞事夏,且協謳歌,九域八荒,同布衷款,百神群祀,皆有誠願,梁帝高謝萬邦,授以大寶。 霸先自惟菲薄,讓德不嗣,至於再三,辭弗獲許。 僉以百姓須主,萬機難曠,皇靈眷命,非可謙拒。 畏天之威,用膺嘉祚,永言夙志,能無慚德。 敬簡元辰,升壇受禪,告類上帝,用答甿心,永保于我有陳,惟明靈尚饗。
The Liang house because collapse and stripping came repeatedly reached the limit of calendar and mandate; reverently as Heaven responded, it commanded Baxian. At the beginning there were the people; then overseers were established; selecting the worthy and able was not constant in surname. The Liang house's final fortune still inherited difficulty; Xian ugliness relied on the frontier and long shifted the divine vessel. Chengsheng was outside, unable to sacrifice to Xia; Heaven had not repented the calamity and again suffered invader bandits. The legitimate heir was deposed; clan branches usurped and deceived; Heaven and Earth overturned and law and net were extinguished. Baxian at first shook sleeves, greatly rescued the drowning torrent, again raised the righteous army and truly conquered many difficulties. Deposing the king and establishing the emperor truly had merit; settling state and altars exhausted his strength—this is modest prosperity, just expecting the great Way. Then clouds showed color and sun and moon displayed auspice; removing old and spreading new already showed the dark image; shifting Yu and serving Xia harmonized songs of praise; nine domains and eight wilds spread sincere petitions; hundred spirits and group sacrifices all wished sincerely; the Liang emperor highly yielded to ten thousand states and conferred the great treasure. Baxian himself considered humble and thin, yielding virtue not to succeed; declining repeatedly he could not obtain permission. All considered the people needed a lord and myriad affairs could not stand vacant; the imperial spirit favored the command—not possible to decline through modesty. Revering Heaven's awesomeness, thereby receiving fine fortune; forever speaking the early will—how could there be no shame in virtue? Reverently selecting the primary day, ascending the altar to receive abdication, announcing to August Heaven, thereby answering the people's heart; forever securing our Chen—may the bright spirits still enjoy.
31
先是氛霧雨雪,晝夜晦冥,至是日,景氣清晏。 禮畢,輿駕還宮,臨太極前殿,大赦,改元。 賜百姓爵二級,文武二等。 鰥寡孤獨不能自存者,人穀五斛。 逋租宿責,皆勿復收。 有犯鄉論清議、贓汙淫盜者,皆洗除先注,與之更始。 其長徒敕系,特皆原之。 亡官失爵,禁錮奪勞,一依舊典。 又詔以江陰郡奉梁主為江陰王,行梁正朔,車旗服色,一依前准。 梁皇太后為江陰國太妃,皇后為江陰國妃。 又詔百司各依位攝職。 丙子,幸鍾山,祭蔣帝廟。 戊寅,幸華林園覽辭訟,臨赦囚徒。 己卯,分遣大使宣勞四方。 庚辰,詔出佛牙于杜姥宅,集四部設無遮大會。 辛巳,追尊皇考曰景皇帝,廟號太祖,皇妣董太夫人曰安皇后,前夫人錢氏為昭皇后,世子克為孝懷太子。 立夫人章氏為皇后。 癸未,尊景帝陵曰瑞陵、昭皇后陵曰嘉陵,依梁初園陵故事。 立刪定郎,刊定律令。 戊子,遷景皇帝神主祔於太廟。
Earlier mist, fog, rain, and snow darkened day and night; on this day weather cleared and calmed. When rites completed, the carriage returned to the palace, faced the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, proclaimed great amnesty, and changed the era name. He bestowed noble rank of two degrees on the people and two degrees on civil and military officials. Widowers, widows, orphans, and solitaries unable to support themselves received five hu of grain each. Overdue rent and old debts were not collected again. Those who had violated village standards of conduct or been marked for corruption, lewdness, or theft were cleared of prior notation and given a fresh start. Those in long-term hard labor and imprisonment were specially pardoned. Lost office and forfeited rank, imprisonment and confiscated labor—all followed the old canon. Also an edict made Jiangyin commandery support the Liang lord as King of Jiangyin under Liang calendar and reign, chariot flags and dress colors all following prior standard. The Liang empress dowager became Grand Consort of Jiangyin State; the empress became Consort of Jiangyin State. Also an edict that the hundred offices should each hold acting posts according to rank. On bingzi he visited Zhong Mountain and sacrificed at Emperor Jiang's temple. On wuyin he visited Hualin Garden to review lawsuits and personally pardoned prisoners. On jimao he separately dispatched grand ambassadors to proclaim comfort to the four quarters. On gengchen an edict brought out the Buddha tooth from Old Lady Du's residence and gathered the four assemblies for an unbounded great assembly. On xinsi he posthumously honored his father as Emperor Jing, temple title Taizu; Lady Dong as Empress An; former consort Lady Qian as Empress Zhao; heir Ke as Filial and Cherished Crown Prince. He established Lady Zhang as empress. On guiwei he honored Emperor Jing's tomb as Ruiling and Empress Zhao's tomb as Jialing, following Liang's early garden-tomb precedent. He established the office of Editor and Reviser to edit and promulgate laws and commands. On wuzi he moved Emperor Jing's spirit tablet to join the Grand Temple.
32
是月,西討都督周文育、侯安都於郢州敗績,沒于王琳。 十一月丙申,封皇兄子長城縣侯蒨為臨川郡王,頊襲封始興郡王,皇弟子曇朗襲封南康郡王。 庚申,都下火。
That month Western Campaign commander Zhou Wenyu and Hou Andu were defeated at Yingzhou and lost to Wang Lin. In the eleventh month, bingshen, he enfeoffed his elder brother's son Marquis Changcheng Qian as Prince of Linchuan; Xu inherited as Prince of Shixing; nephew Tanlang inherited as Prince of Nankang. On gengshen fire broke out in the capital.
33
十二月庚辰,皇后謁太廟。
In the twelfth month, gengchen, the empress visited the Grand Temple.
34
是歲,周閔帝元年,及九月,塚宰宇文護廢閔帝而奉明帝。 又為明帝元年。
That year was Northern Zhou Emperor Min's first year; also in the ninth month Grand Preceptor Yuwen Hu deposed Emperor Min and installed Emperor Ming. It also became Emperor Ming's first year.
35
二年春正月乙未,以車騎將軍、開府儀同三司侯瑱為司空。 辛丑,祀南郊; 大赦。 甲寅,遣中書舍人韋鼎、策吳興楚王神為帝。 戊午,祀明堂。
In the second year's spring, first month, yiwei, General of Chariots and Cavalry Hou Tian with grand prefect insignia was appointed Minister of Works. On xinchou he sacrificed at the southern suburb; and proclaimed a great amnesty. On jiayin he dispatched palace attendant Wei Ding to invest the Spirit of Chuwang of Wuxing as emperor. On wuwu he sacrificed at the Bright Hall.
36
二月壬申,南豫州刺史沈泰奔齊。 辛卯,詔司空侯瑱總督水陸眾軍以禦齊。
In the second month, renshen, Southern Yuzhou inspector Shen Tai fled to Qi. On xinmao an edict ordered Minister of Works Hou Tian to command all land and water armies against Qi.
37
五月乙未,都下地震。 壬寅,立梁邵陵攜王廟室,祭乙太牢。 辛酉,帝幸大莊嚴寺,捨身。 壬戌,群臣表請還宮。
In the fifth month, yiwei, the capital shook with earthquake. On renyin he established the shrine hall of Liang Prince Shaoling Xie, sacrificing with the highest victim. On xinyou the Emperor visited Great Zhuangyan Monastery and offered his body. On renxu ministers memorialized requesting his return to the palace.
38
六月己巳,詔司空侯填、領軍將軍徐度討王琳。 初,侯景之平也,太極殿被焚,承聖中議欲營之,獨闕一柱。 秋七月,有樟木大十八圍,長四丈五尺,流泊陶家後渚,監軍鄒子度以聞。 詔中書令沈眾兼起部尚書,構太極殿。
In the sixth month, jisi, an edict ordered Minister of Works Hou Tian and Camp Commander Xu Du to punish Wang Lin. When Hou Jing was first pacified the Hall of Supreme Ultimate burned; in Chengsheng they planned rebuilding but lacked one pillar. In autumn's seventh month camphor wood eighteen arm-spans around and four zhang five chi long drifted to the Tao family's rear ford; army supervisor Zou Zidu reported it. An edict ordered Director of the Secretariat Shen Zhong, concurrently Minister of Construction, to build the Hall of Supreme Ultimate.
39
八月,周文育、侯安都等於王琳所逃歸,自劾廷尉,即日引見,宥之,並復本官。 丁亥,加江州刺史周迪平南將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the eighth month Zhou Wenyu, Hou Andu, and others escaped from Wang Lin, impeached themselves at the Court of Justice, were received that same day, pardoned, and restored to original posts. On dinghai Jiangzhou inspector Zhou Di was added as General Who Pacifies the South with grand prefect insignia.
40
冬十月庚午,遣鎮南將軍周文育都督眾軍出豫章,討餘孝勱。 乙亥,幸莊嚴寺,發金光明經題。 丁酉,加高州刺史黃法氍平南將軍、開府儀同三司。
In winter's tenth month, gengwu, he dispatched General Who Guards the South Zhou Wenyu as commander-in-chief from Yuzhang against Yu Xiaoxun. On yihai he visited Zhuangyan Monastery and initiated the Golden Light Sutra lecture. On dingyou Gaozhou inspector Huang Faju was added as General Who Pacifies the South with grand prefect insignia.
41
十二月甲子,幸大莊嚴寺,設無礙大會,舍乘輿法物,群臣備法駕奉迎,即日還宮。 丙戌,加北江州刺史熊曇朗平西將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the twelfth month, jiazi, he visited Great Zhuangyan Monastery for an unhindered great assembly, relinquished the imperial carriage and ritual objects, and returned the same day as ministers welcomed him with full ceremonial escort. On bingxu Northern River inspector Xiong Tanlang was added as General Who Pacifies the West with grand prefect insignia.
42
三年春正月丁酉,鎮南將軍、廣州刺史歐陽頠即本號開府儀同三司。 是夜大雪,及旦,太極殿前有龍跡見。 甲子,廣州言仙人見於羅浮山寺小石樓。
In the third year's spring, first month, dingyou, General Who Guards the South and Guangzhou inspector Ouyang Yu received his original title plus grand prefect insignia. That night snow fell heavily; at dawn dragon tracks appeared before the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. On jiazi Guangzhou reported immortals seen at the small stone tower of Luofu Mountain temple.
43
二月辛酉,加平西將軍、桂州刺史淳于量鎮西大將軍、開府儀同三司。
In the second month, xinyou, General Who Pacifies the West and Guizhou inspector Chunyu Liang was added as Grand General Who Guards the West with grand prefect insignia.
44
夏閏四月甲午,詔依前代置西省學士,兼取伎術士。 是時久不雨。 丙午,幸鍾山祭蔣帝廟。 是日降雨,迄於月晦。
In summer's intercalary fourth month, jiawu, an edict followed former ages in establishing Western Bureau academicians and also taking technicians and artisans. At that time drought had long persisted. On bingwu he visited Zhong Mountain and sacrificed at Emperor Jiang's temple. That day rain fell and continued until month's end.
45
五月丙辰朔,日有蝕之。 有司奏舊儀帝御前殿,服朱紗袍、通天冠。 詔曰:「此乃前代承用,意有未同,合朔仰助太陽,宜備袞冕之服,自今永可為准。」 丙子,扶南國遣使朝貢。 乙酉,北江州刺史熊曇朗殺都督周文育,舉兵反。 王琳遣其將常眾愛、曹慶率兵援餘孝勱。
In the fifth month, bingchen, first day, there was a solar eclipse. The relevant offices memorialized the old rite: the emperor at the front hall wearing vermilion gauze robe and penetration-heaven cap. An edict said: "Former ages inherited this, but the intent differs; at new moon one assists the sun—proper robe and cap should be worn; from now this shall be the standard forever." On bingzi Funan sent envoys with tribute. On yiyou Northern River inspector Xiong Tanlang killed commander Zhou Wenyu and rebelled. Wang Lin sent generals Chang Zhong'ai and Cao Qing to aid Yu Xiaoxun.
46
六月戊子,儀同侯安都敗眾愛等於左裏,獲琳從弟襲、主帥羊暕等四十餘人,眾愛遁走。 庚寅,廬山人斬之,傳首建鄴。 甲午,眾軍凱歸。
In the sixth month, wuzi, Commissioner Hou Andu defeated Zhong'ai at Zuoli, capturing Wang Lin's cousin Xi, commander Yang Yang, and more than forty others; Zhong'ai fled. On gengyin a Lushan man beheaded him and sent the head to Jiankang. On jiawu the armies returned in triumph.
47
丁酉,帝不豫,遣兼太宰、尚書右僕射王通以疾告太廟,兼太宰、中書令謝哲告太社、南北郊。 辛丑,帝小瘳。 故司空周文育之柩至自建昌。 壬寅,帝素服哭於朝堂,哀甚。 癸卯,上臨訊獄訟。 是夜,熒惑在天尊,上疾甚。 丙午,帝崩於璿璣殿,時年五十七。 遺詔追臨川王蒨入纘大業。 甲寅,殯於太極殿西階。 八月甲午,群臣上諡曰武皇帝,廟號高祖。 丙申,葬萬安陵。
On dingyou the Emperor was unwell; he dispatched concurrent Grand Preceptor and Right Vice Director Wang Tong to announce the illness to the Grand Temple and concurrent Grand Preceptor and Secretariat Director Xie Zhe to the Grand Altar and southern and northern suburban altars. On xinchou the Emperor slightly recovered. Former Minister of Works Zhou Wenyu's coffin arrived from Jianchang. On renyin the Emperor in plain robes wept in the court hall with extreme grief. On guimao the Emperor personally reviewed prison lawsuits. That night Mars stood at Celestial Sovereign; the Emperor's illness turned severe. On bingwu the Emperor died in Xuanji Palace at age fifty-seven. The final edict summoned Prince of Linchuan Qian to enter and continue the great enterprise. On jiayin he was encoffined at the western steps of the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. In the eighth month, jiawu, ministers submitted posthumous title Martial Emperor, temple title Gaozu. On bingshen he was buried at Wan'an Tomb.
48
帝雄武多英略,性甚仁愛。 及居阿衡,恒崇寬簡。 雅尚儉素,常膳不過數品。 私饗曲宴,皆瓦器蚌盤,肴核庶羞,裁令充足,不為虛費。 初平侯景及立敬帝,子女玉帛皆班將士。 其充闈房者,衣不重采,飾無金翠,聲樂不列於前。 踐阼之後,彌厲恭儉。 故能隆功茂德,光于江左云。
The Emperor was fierce in martial prowess with many heroic stratagems and by nature deeply benevolent and loving. When he occupied the role of chief aide he always honored leniency and simplicity. He valued thrift and plainness; regular meals never exceeded several dishes. Private feasts used earthenware and clam shells; meat and fruit were only made sufficient, never wastefully extravagant. When Hou Jing was first pacified and when establishing Emperor Jing, daughters, sons, jade, and silk were all distributed to officers and soldiers. Those filling the inner quarters wore no repeated colors, no gold or kingfisher ornament; music was not arrayed before them. After ascending the throne he was the more strict in respectful thrift. Therefore he could raise great merit and abundant virtue, shining over the lands east of the river.
49
世祖文皇帝諱蒨,字子華,始興昭烈王之長子也。 少沈敏,有識量,美容儀,留意經史。 武帝甚愛之,常稱吾家英秀。 梁太清初,帝夢兩日鬥,一大一小,大者光滅墜地,色正黃,其大如鬥,帝三分取一懷之。 侯景之亂,避地臨安縣郭文舉舊宅。 及武帝舉兵南下,景遣吳興太守信都遵收帝及衡陽獻王出都。 帝乃密袖小刀,候見景欲圖之。 及至,以付郎中王翻幽守,故其事不遂。 武帝圍石頭,景欲加害者數矣,會景敗,乃得出。 起家吳興太守。 武帝之討王僧辯也,先召帝與謀。 時僧辯婿杜龕據吳興,兵眾甚盛,武帝密令帝還長城,立柵備之。 龕遣將杜泰乘虛掩至,將士相視失色,帝言笑自若,部分益明,於是眾心乃定。 及武帝遣周文育討龕,帝遣將軍劉澄、蔣元舉攻下龕。 拜會稽太守。 武帝受禪,立為臨川王。 夢梁武帝以寶刀授己。 周文育、侯安都之敗於沌口,武帝詔帝入總軍政。 尋命率兵城南皖。 永定三年六月丙午,武帝崩,皇后稱遺詔征帝入纂皇統。 甲寅,至自南皖,入居中書省。 皇后令帝嗣膺寶籙,帝辭讓至於再三,公卿固請,其日即皇帝位於太極前殿,大赦,詔州郡悉停奔赴。
Emperor Shizu, the Literary Emperor, personal name Qian, style Zihua, was the eldest son of Prince Zhaolie of Shixing. In youth he was deep and keen with judgment and capacity, handsome in appearance, attentive to classics and history. Emperor Wu greatly loved him and often called him the outstanding talent of their house. At the beginning of Liang Taiqing the Emperor dreamed two suns fighting, one large and one small; the large one's light fell to earth pure yellow and dipper-sized; he took one third and kept it in his bosom. In Hou Jing's rebellion he avoided turmoil at Guo Wenju's old residence in Lin'an county. When Emperor Wu raised troops southward, Hou Jing dispatched Wuxing administrator Xin Duzun to seize the Emperor and Prince Xian of Hengyang from the capital. The Emperor secretly hid a small knife in his sleeve, waiting to see Hou Jing and intending to assassinate him. When he arrived he was handed to gentleman Wang Fan for secret detention; hence the affair did not succeed. When Emperor Wu besieged Shitou, Hou Jing several times intended to harm him; just then Jing was defeated and he emerged. He first left office as administrator of Wuxing. When Emperor Wu moved against Wang Sengbian he first summoned the Emperor to consult. Then Sengbian's son-in-law Du Kan held Wuxing with a very strong force; Emperor Wu secretly ordered the Emperor back to Changcheng to raise palisades in preparation. Du Kan sent general Du Tai to strike suddenly; officers looked at one another in alarm; the Emperor spoke and laughed as before and deployed with greater clarity until the host's heart settled. When Emperor Wu dispatched Zhou Wenyu against Du Kan, the Emperor sent generals Liu Cheng and Jiang Yuanju to attack and capture him. He was appointed administrator of Kuaiji. When Emperor Wu received abdication he was established as Prince of Linchuan. He dreamed Emperor Wu of Liang bestowed a precious knife upon him. When Zhou Wenyu and Hou Andu were defeated at Zhunkou, Emperor Wu ordered the Emperor to enter and overall command military and civil affairs. He was soon ordered to lead troops south to Wan. In Yongding 3, sixth month, bingwu, Emperor Wu died; the empress, citing the final edict, summoned the Emperor to continue the imperial succession. On jiayin he arrived from Southern Wan and entered the Directorate of the Masters of Writing. The empress ordered him to succeed to the throne; he declined repeatedly; dukes and ministers firmly pressed; that same day he ascended at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, proclaimed great amnesty, and ordered commanderies and prefectures to halt urgent travel.
50
秋七月丙辰,尊皇后為皇太后。 辛酉,以司空侯瑱為太尉,以南豫州刺史侯安都為司空,以南徐州刺史徐度為侍中、中撫軍將軍、開府儀同三司。 乙丑,重雲殿災。
In autumn's seventh month, bingchen, he honored the empress as empress dowager. On xinyou he appointed Minister of Works Hou Tian as Grand Commandant, Southern Yuzhou inspector Hou Andu as Minister of Works, and Southern Xuzhou inspector Xu Du as attendant, General Who Pacifies the Center, with grand prefect insignia. On yichou Chongyun Hall burned.
51
八月庚戌,立皇子伯茂為始興王,奉昭烈王后,徙封始興嗣王頊為安成王。
On gengxu he established Prince Bozong as Prince of Shixing serving the late Zhaolie queen and transferred Prince Shixing Xu to Prince of Ancheng.
52
九月辛酉,立皇子伯宗為皇太子,王公以下賜帛各有差。
On xinyou he established Prince Bozong as crown prince; princes, dukes, and below received silk according to rank.
53
乙亥,立妃沈氏為皇后。
On yihai he established Consort Shen as empress.
54
冬十月甲子,齊文宣帝殂。
In winter's tenth month, jiazi, Northern Qi Emperor Wenxuan died.
55
十一月乙卯,王琳寇大雷,詔太尉侯瑱、司空侯安都、儀同徐度禦之。
In the eleventh month, yimao, Wang Lin raided Dalei; an edict ordered Grand Commandant Hou Tian, Minister of Works Hou Andu, and Commissioner Xu Du to resist him.
56
是歲,周明帝改天王稱皇帝,復建年號曰武成元年。
That year Northern Zhou Emperor Ming changed the Heavenly King title to Emperor and restored era names as Wucheng 1.
57
天嘉元年春正月癸丑,大赦,改元。 詔賜鰥寡孤獨不能自存者,人粟五斛。 孝悌力田,殊行異等,加爵一級。 甲寅,分遣使者宣勞四方。 辛酉,祀南郊。 詔賜人爵一級。
In Tianjia 1, spring, first month, guichou, he proclaimed great amnesty and changed the era name. An edict bestowed five hu of grain each on widowers, widows, orphans, and solitaries unable to support themselves. Filial piety, fraternal duty, diligent farming, and exceptional conduct earned one added degree of noble rank. On jiayin he separately dispatched envoys to proclaim comfort to the four quarters. On xinyou he sacrificed at the southern suburb. An edict bestowed one degree of noble rank on the people.
58
二月丙申,太尉侯瑱敗王琳於梁山,敗齊兵於博望,禽齊將劉伯球。 王琳及其主蕭莊奔齊。 庚子,分遣使者齎璽書宣勞四方。 乙巳,遣太尉侯瑱鎮盆城。 庚戌,立武帝第六子昌為衡陽王。 三月丙辰,蕭莊所署郢州刺史孫瑒舉州內附。 丁巳,江州刺史周迪平南中,斬賊帥熊曇朗,傳首建鄴。 戊午,齊軍棄魯山城走,詔南豫州刺史程靈洗守之。 丙子,衡陽王昌沈于江。 夏四月丁亥,立皇子伯信為衡陽王,奉獻王后。
In the second month, bingshen, Grand Commandant Hou Tian defeated Wang Lin at Liang Mountain and Qi at Bowang, capturing Qi general Liu Boqiu. Wang Lin and his lord Xiao Zhuang fled to Qi. On gengzi he separately dispatched envoys bearing imperial commissions to proclaim comfort to the four quarters. On yisi he dispatched Grand Commandant Hou Tian to garrison Pencheng. On gengxu he established Emperor Wu's sixth son Chang as Prince of Hengyang. In the third month, bingchen, Yingzhou inspector Sun Yang appointed by Xiao Zhuang surrendered the province. On dingsi Jiangzhou inspector Zhou Di pacified the southern center and beheaded bandit commander Xiong Tanlang, sending the head to Jiankang. On wuwu Qi abandoned Lushan city and fled; an edict ordered Southern Yuzhou inspector Cheng Lingxi to hold it. On bingzi Prince of Hengyang Chang was drowned in the river. In summer's fourth month, dinghai, he established Prince Bozong as Prince of Hengyang serving the late Xian queen.
59
辛丑,周明帝崩。
On xinchou Northern Zhou Emperor Ming died.
60
六月辛巳,改諡皇祖妣景安皇后曰景文皇后。 壬辰,詔改葬梁元帝于江寧舊塋,車旗禮章,悉用梁典,仍依魏葬漢獻帝故事。 甲午,追策故始興昭烈王妃曰孝妃。 辛丑,國哀周忌,上臨於太極前殿,百僚陪哭。 赦建鄴殊死以下。
In the sixth month, xinsi, he changed the posthumous title of the imperial grandfather's consort from Jing'an to Jingwen. On renchen an edict reburied Emperor Yuan of Liang at the old mound in Jiangning with Liang chariot flags and ritual insignia, following Wei's burial of Emperor Xian of Han. On jiawu he posthumously invested the late Princess Consort of Zhaolie of Shixing. On xinchou, national mourning on the Zhou anniversary, the Emperor personally attended at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate and the hundred officials wept with him. He pardoned those below capital punishment in Jiankang.
61
秋七月丙辰,立皇子伯山為鄱陽王。
In autumn's seventh month, bingchen, he established Prince Boshan as Prince of Poyang.
62
八月壬午,齊孝昭帝廢其主殷而自立。 戊子,詔非兵器及國容所須,金銀珠玉衣服雜玩,悉皆禁斷。 丁酉,幸正陽堂閱武。
On renwu Northern Qi Emperor Xiaozhao deposed his lord Yin and installed himself. On wuzi an edict prohibited gold, silver, pearls, jade, clothing, and curios not needed for weapons or state regalia. On dingyou he visited the Hall of Correct Yang to review martial displays.
63
九月癸丑,彗星見。 乙卯,周將獨孤盛領水軍趣巴、湘,與賀若敦水陸俱進,太尉侯瑱自尋陽禦之。
In the ninth month, guichou, a comet appeared. On yimao Northern Zhou general Dugu Sheng led the navy toward Ba and Xiang with He Ruo Dun advancing together by land and water; Grand Commandant Hou Tian from Xunyang resisted.
64
冬十月癸巳,侯瑱襲破獨孤盛于楊葉洲,盛登岸築城自保。
In winter's tenth month, guisi, Hou Tian raided and broke Dugu Sheng at Yangye Isle; Sheng went ashore and walled himself in.
65
丁酉,詔司空侯安都率眾會侯瑱南拒周軍。
On dingyou an edict ordered Minister of Works Hou Andu to join Hou Tian resisting Zhou armies southward.
66
十二月己亥,周巴陵城主尉遲憲降。 庚子,獨孤盛潛遁走。
In the twelfth month, jihai, Northern Zhou Balin commander Yuchi Xian surrendered. On gengzi Dugu Sheng secretly fled.
67
二年春正月庚戌,大赦。 辛未,周湘州城主殷亮降,湘州平。
In the second year's spring, first month, gengxu, he proclaimed great amnesty. On xinwei Northern Zhou Xiangzhou commander Yin Liang surrendered and Xiangzhou was pacified.
68
二月庚寅,曲赦湘州諸郡。
In the second month, gengyin, partial amnesty for Xiangzhou commanderies.
69
三月乙卯,太尉、湘州刺史侯瑱薨。
In the third month, yimao, Grand Commandant and Xiangzhou inspector Hou Tian died.
70
夏六月己亥,齊人通好。
In summer's sixth month, jihai, Qi envoys came seeking good relations.
71
秋七月丙午,周將賀若敦遁歸,武陵、天門、南平、義陽、河東、宜都郡悉平。
In autumn's seventh month, bingwu, Northern Zhou general He Ruo Dun fled home; Wuling, Tianmen, Nanping, Yiyang, Hedong, and Yidu were all pacified.
72
九月甲寅,詔以故太尉侯瑱、故司空周文育、故開府儀同三司杜僧明、故中護軍胡穎、故領軍陳擬配食武帝廟庭。
In the ninth month, jiayin, an edict made the late Hou Tian, Zhou Wenyu, Du Sengming, Hu Ying, and Chen Ni share sacrifice at Emperor Wu's temple hall.
73
冬十月癸丑,霍州西山蠻率部內屬。 乙卯,高麗國遣使朝貢。
In winter's tenth month, guichou, Western Mountain barbarians of Huozhou led their tribes to submit. On yimao Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
74
十一月甲辰,齊孝昭帝殂。
In the eleventh month, jiachen, Northern Qi Emperor Xiaozhao died.
75
十二月甲申,立始興國廟於都下,用王者禮。 以國用不足,立煮海鹽賦及榷酤科。 先是縉州刺史留異應王琳,丙戌,詔司空侯安都討之。
In the twelfth month, jiashen, he established the Shixing State temple in the capital with kingly rites. Because state revenue was insufficient he established the boiled-sea salt tax and monopoly wine tax. Earlier Jianzhou inspector Liu Yi had joined Wang Lin; on bingxu an edict ordered Minister of Works Hou Andu to punish him.
76
是歲,周武帝保定元年。
That year was Northern Zhou Emperor Wu's Baoding 1.
77
三年春正月庚戌,設帷宮於南郊,幣告胡公以配天。 辛亥,祀南郊,詔賜人爵一級,孝悌力田加一等。
In the third year's spring, first month, gengxu, he established the tent-palace at the southern suburb and with silk announced to Duke Hu as mate to Heaven. On xinhai he sacrificed at the southern suburb; an edict bestowed one degree of noble rank on the people and added one rank for filial piety, fraternal duty, and diligent farming.
78
二月,梁宣帝殂。
In the second month Emperor Xuan of Liang died.
79
閏月己酉,以百濟王餘明為撫東大將軍,高麗王高湯為甯東將軍。 江州刺史周迪舉兵應留異。 甲子,改鑄五銖錢。
In the intercalary month, jiyou, he made Baekje king Yu Myeong General Who Pacifies the East and Goguryeo king Go Tang General Who Pacifies the East. Jiangzhou inspector Zhou Di raised troops in response to Liu Yi. On jiazi he recast five-zhu coins.
80
三月丙子,安成王頊至自周。 丁丑,以安右將軍吳明徹為安南將軍、江州刺史,督眾軍南討。 甲申,大赦。 庚寅,司空侯安都破留異於桃枝嶺,異奔晉安,東陽郡平。
In the third month, bingzi, Prince of Ancheng Xu returned from Zhou. On dingchou he made General Who Pacifies the Right Wu Mingche General Who Pacifies the South and Jiangzhou inspector, commanding southern punishment. On jiashen he proclaimed great amnesty. On gengyin Minister of Works Hou Andu broke Liu Yi at Taozhi Ridge; Yi fled to Jin'an and Dongyang commandery was pacified.
81
夏四月癸卯,曲赦東陽郡。 乙巳,齊人來聘。
In summer's fourth month, guimao, partial amnesty for Dongyang commandery. On yisi Qi envoys came seeking audience.
82
秋七月己丑,皇太子納妃王氏,在位文武賜帛各有差,孝悌力田為父後者,賜爵二級。
In autumn's seventh month, jichou, the crown prince took Consort Wang; officials received silk by rank and filial farmers who were heirs received two degrees of noble rank.
83
九月戊辰朔,日有蝕之。 以侍中到仲舉為尚書右僕射。 丁亥,周迪請降。
In the ninth month, wuchen, first day, there was a solar eclipse. He made attendant Dao Zhongju Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On dinghai Zhou Di requested surrender.
84
四年春正月丙子,幹陀利國遣使朝貢。 甲申,周迪走投閩州,刺史陳寶應納之。
In the fourth year's spring, first month, bingzi, Gandhara sent envoys with tribute. On jiashen Zhou Di fled to Min Province and inspector Chen Baoying received him.
85
夏四月辛丑,設無礙大會,捨身於太極前殿。 乙卯,加驃騎將軍、揚州刺史安成王頊開府儀同三司。
In summer's fourth month, xinchou, he established an unhindered great assembly and offered his body at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. On yimao General of Fast Cavalry and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Ancheng Xu received grand prefect insignia.
86
六月癸巳,司空侯安都賜死。
In the sixth month, guisi, Minister of Works Hou Andu was granted death.
87
秋九月壬戌,開府儀同三司、廣州刺史歐陽頠薨。 癸亥,曲赦都下。 辛未,周迪復寇臨川,詔護軍將軍章昭達討平之。
In autumn's ninth month, renxu, Commissioner Ouyang Yu, Guangzhou inspector, died. On guihai partial amnesty for the capital. On xinwei Zhou Di again raided Linchuan; an edict ordered General Who Protects the Army Zhang Zhaoda to crush him.
88
冬十二月丙申,大赦。 詔昭達進軍建安,討陳寶應。 五年春三月壬午,詔以故護軍將軍周鐵武配食武帝廟庭。
In winter's twelfth month, bingshen, he proclaimed great amnesty. An edict ordered Zhang Zhaoda to advance to Jian'an against Chen Baoying. In the fifth year's spring, third month, renwu, an edict made the late Zhou Tiewu share sacrifice at Emperor Wu's temple hall.
89
夏五月,周、齊並遣使來聘。
In summer's fifth month Zhou and Qi both dispatched envoys seeking audience.
90
秋七月丁丑,曲赦都下。
In autumn's seventh month, dingchou, partial amnesty for the capital.
91
九月,城西城。
In the ninth month the western city wall was built.
92
冬十一月己丑,章昭達禽陳寶應、留異,送建鄴,晉安郡平。 甲辰,以護軍將軍章昭達為鎮軍將軍、開府儀同三司。
In winter's eleventh month, jichou, Zhang Zhaoda captured Chen Baoying and Liu Yi and sent them to Jiankang; Jin'an commandery was pacified. On jiachen he made General Who Protects the Army Zhang Zhaoda General Who Guards the Army with grand prefect insignia.
93
十二月甲子,曲赦建安、晉安二郡。 討陳寶應將士死王事者,並給棺槥,送還本鄉,並復其家。 癸未,齊人來聘。
In the twelfth month, jiazi, partial amnesty for Jian'an and Jin'an commanderies. Officers and soldiers who died punishing Chen Baoying received coffins and return to their native districts, their families restored. On guiwei Qi envoys came seeking audience.
94
六年春正月甲午,皇太子加元服,王公以下,賜帛各有差,孝悌力田為父後者,賜爵一級,鰥寡孤獨不能自存者,穀人五斛。
In the sixth year's spring, first month, jiawu, the crown prince received capping; princes and below received silk by rank; filial heirs received one degree of noble rank; the destitute received five hu of grain each.
95
夏四月甲寅,以開府儀同三司、揚州刺史安成王頊為司空。
In summer's fourth month, jiayin, Commissioner and Yangzhou inspector Prince of Ancheng Xu became Minister of Works.
96
五月,齊武成帝傳位於太子緯,自號太上皇帝。
In the fifth month Northern Qi Emperor Wucheng transmitted the throne to Crown Prince Wei and styled himself Retired Emperor.
97
六月辛酉,彗星見於上臺北。 周人來聘。
In the sixth month, xinyou, a comet appeared north of Upper Terrace. Zhou envoys came seeking audience.
98
秋七月癸未,有大風自西南至,廣百餘步,激壞靈台候樓。 甲申,儀賢堂無故自壞。 丙戌,臨川太守駱牙斬周迪,傳首建鄴,梟於朱雀航。
In autumn's seventh month, guiwei, a great wind from the southwest more than one hundred paces wide struck and destroyed the Spirit Platform observation tower. On jiashen the Hall of Esteeming Worthies collapsed without cause. On bingxu Linchuan administrator Luo Ya beheaded Zhou Di, sent the head to Jiankang, and displayed it at Zhuque Bridge.
99
八月己卯,立皇子伯固為新安王,伯恭為晉安王,伯仁為廬陵王,伯義為江夏王。
On jimao he established Prince Bogu as Prince of Xin'an, Bogong as Prince of Jin'an, Boren as Prince of Luling, and Boyi as Prince of Jiangxia.
100
九月,新作大航。
In the ninth month the Great Bridge was newly built.
101
冬十月辛亥,齊人來聘。
In winter's tenth month, xinhai, Qi envoys came seeking audience.
102
十二月乙卯,立皇子伯禮為武陵王。 癸亥,曲赦都下。
In the twelfth month, yimao, he established Prince Bolin as Prince of Wuling. On guihai partial amnesty for the capital.
103
天康元年春二月丙子,大赦,改元。
In Tiankang 1, spring, second month, bingzi, he proclaimed great amnesty and changed the era name.
104
三月己卯,以司空安成王頊為尚書令。
In the third month, jimao, Minister of Works Prince of Ancheng Xu became Director of the Masters of Writing.
105
夏四月乙卯,皇孫至澤生,賜在位文武帛各有差,為父後者賜爵一級。 癸酉,皇帝崩于有覺殿。 遺詔皇太子可即君臨,山陵務存儉速,大斂竟,群臣三日一臨,公除之制,率依舊典。 六月甲子,群臣上諡曰文皇帝,廟號世祖。 丙寅,葬永寧陵。
In summer's fourth month, yimao, imperial grandson Zhize was born; officials received silk by rank and heirs to fathers one degree of noble rank. On guiyou the Emperor died in the Hall of Awakening. The final edict: the crown prince may immediately assume rule; the tomb should be kept frugal and swift; when encoffining completes ministers attend once every three days; public mourning rates follow the old canon. In the sixth month, jiazi, ministers submitted posthumous title Literary Emperor, temple title Shizu. On bingyin he was buried at Yongning Tomb.
106
文帝起自布衣,知百姓疾苦,國家資用,務從儉約。 妙識真偽,下不容奸。 一夜內刺閨取外事分判者,前後相續。 每雞人伺漏傳簽於殿中者,令投簽于階石上,槍然有聲,云:「吾雖得眠,亦令驚覺。」 其自強若此云。
Emperor Wen rose from common cloth, knew the people's toil, and in state revenue always followed thrift. Keenly discerning true and false, treachery could not hide below. Within one night he pierced the inner quarters to take outside affairs and divide judgments—again and again. Whenever the night watch transmitted the tally in the hall he ordered it thrown on the step stone with a clanging sound, saying: "Though I sleep, I also make them start awake." Such was his self-compulsion.
107
廢帝諱伯宗,字奉業,小字藥王,文帝嫡長子也。 梁承聖三年五月庚寅生。 永定二年二月戊辰,拜臨川王世子。 三年,文帝嗣位,八月庚戌,立為皇太子。 自梁室亂離,東宮焚燼,太子居於永福省。
The Deposed Emperor, personal name Bozong, style Fengye, childhood name Yaowang, was Emperor Wen's legitimate eldest son. He was born on gengyin in the fifth month of Liang Chengsheng 3. In Yongding 2, second month, wuchen, he was appointed Heir of Prince of Linchuan. In the third year, when Emperor Wen succeeded, in the eighth month, gengxu, he was established as crown prince. From the Liang house's turmoil the Eastern Palace burned to ash; the crown prince dwelt in Yongfu Palace.
108
天康元年四月癸酉,文帝崩,是日太子即皇帝位於太極前殿,大赦。 詔內外文武各復其職,遠方悉停奔赴。
In Tiankang 1, fourth month, guiyou, Emperor Wen died; that same day the crown prince ascended at the Hall of Supreme Ultimate and proclaimed great amnesty. An edict ordered civil and military inside and outside to restore their posts and distant regions to halt urgent travel.
109
五月己卯,尊皇太后曰太皇太后,皇后曰皇太后。 庚寅,以司空、揚州刺史、新除尚書令安成王頊為司徒、錄尚書、都督中外諸軍事。 丁酉,以中軍大將軍、開府儀同三司徐度為司空,以鎮東將軍、東揚州刺史始興王伯茂為征東將軍、開府儀同三司。 以吏部尚書袁樞為尚書左僕射。 以吳興太守沈欽為右僕射。 秋七月丁酉,立妃王氏為皇后。
In the fifth month, jimao, he honored the empress dowager as grand empress dowager and the empress as empress dowager. On gengyin Minister of Works, Yangzhou inspector, and newly appointed Director Prince of Ancheng Xu became chancellor, recorder of the Masters of Writing, and commander-in-chief of all armies. On dingyou General of the Central Army Xu Du with grand prefect insignia became Minister of Works, and General Who Guards the East and Dongyang inspector Prince of Shixing Bozong became General Who Conquers the East with grand prefect insignia. He made Director of the Ministry of Personnel Yuan Shu Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. He made Wuxing administrator Shen Qin Right Vice Director. In autumn's seventh month, dingyou, he established Consort Wang as empress.
110
冬十月庚申,享太廟。
In winter's tenth month, gengshen, he offered sacrifice at the Grand Temple.
111
十一月乙亥,周人來吊。
In the eleventh month, yihai, Zhou envoys came to offer condolences.
112
十二月甲子,高麗國遣使朝貢。
In the twelfth month, jiazi, Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
113
是歲,周天和元年。
That year was Northern Zhou Tianhe 1.
114
光大元年春正月癸酉,尚書左僕射袁樞卒。 乙亥,大赦,改元,賜孝悌力田爵一級。 辛卯,祀南郊。
In Guangda 1, spring, first month, guiyou, Left Vice Director Yuan Shu died. On yihai he proclaimed great amnesty, changed the era name, and bestowed one degree of noble rank on filial farmers. On xinmao he sacrificed at the southern suburb.
115
二月辛亥,南豫州刺史余孝頃謀反,伏誅。
In the second month, xinhai, Southern Yuzhou inspector Yu Xiaoxiang plotted rebellion and was executed.
116
三月甲午,以尚書右僕射沈欽為侍中、尚書僕射。
In the third month, jiawu, Right Vice Director Shen Qin became attendant and Director of the Masters of Writing.
117
夏五月乙未,湘州刺史華皎不從執政,丙申,以中撫軍大將軍淳于量為征南大將軍,總舟師討之。
In summer's fifth month, yiwei, Xiangzhou inspector Hua Jiao defied the regency; on bingshen General Who Pacifies the Center Chunyu Liang became General Who Conquers the South and fleet commander against him.
118
六月壬寅,以中軍大將軍、司空徐度為車騎將軍,總督都下眾軍,自步道襲湘州。
In the sixth month, renyin, General of the Central Army and Minister of Works Xu Du became General of Chariots and Cavalry and commander of the capital armies, marching by land to raid Xiangzhou.
119
秋七月戊申,立皇子至澤為皇太子,賜天下為父後者爵一級,王公以下賚帛各有差。
In autumn's seventh month, wushen, he established Prince Zhize as crown prince; heirs to fathers under heaven received one degree of noble rank; princes and below received silk by rank.
120
九月丙辰,百濟國遣使朝貢。 是月,周將拓拔定入郢州,與華皎水陸俱進,都督淳于量、吳明徹等大破之,皎單舸奔江陵,禽定送建鄴。
In the ninth month, bingchen, Baekje sent envoys with tribute. That month Northern Zhou general Tuoba Ding entered Yingzhou with Hua Jiao advancing by land and water; commanders Chunyu Liang and Wu Mingche broke them; Jiao fled in a lone boat to Jiangling; Ding was captured and sent to Jiankang.
121
冬十月辛巳,曲赦湘、巴二州為皎所詿誤者。
In winter's tenth month, xinsi, partial amnesty for those in Xiang and Ba provinces misled by Jiao.
122
十一月甲子,中權將軍、開府儀同三司王沖薨。
In the eleventh month, jiazi, General of the Central Guard Wang Chong with grand prefect insignia died.
123
十二月庚寅,以儀同三司兼從事中郎孔英哲為奉聖亭侯,奉孔子祀。
In the twelfth month, gengyin, Commissioner and concurrent attendant Kong Yingzhe became Marquis of Fengsheng Pavilion to serve Confucius's sacrifices.
124
二年春正月己亥,司徒、安成王頊進位太傅,領司徒,加殊禮。 以新除征南大將軍淳于量為中軍大將軍,及安南將軍、湘州刺史吳明徹即本號並開府儀同三司。 庚子,詔討華皎軍人死王事者,並給棺槥,送還本鄉,仍復其家。 甲子,司空徐度薨。
In the second year's spring, first month, jihai, Chancellor Prince of Ancheng Xu was advanced to Grand Preceptor, continuing as chancellor with special honors. Newly appointed General Who Conquers the South Chunyu Liang became General of the Central Army, and General Who Pacifies the South and Xiangzhou inspector Wu Mingche received grand prefect insignia with his original title. On gengzi an edict granted coffins and return to native districts for officers who died punishing Hua Jiao, their families restored. On jiazi Minister of Works Xu Du died.
125
夏五月丙辰,太傅安成王頊獻玉璽一。
In summer's fifth month, bingchen, Grand Preceptor Prince of Ancheng Xu presented one jade seal.
126
六月丁亥,彗星見。
In the sixth month, dinghai, a comet appeared.
127
秋七月戊申,新羅國遣使朝貢。 壬戌,立皇弟伯智為永陽王,伯謀為桂陽王。
In autumn's seventh month, wushen, Silla sent envoys with tribute. On renxu he established his younger brother Bozhi as Prince of Yongyang and Bozou as Prince of Guiyang.
128
九月,林邑、狼牙修國並遣使朝貢。
In the ninth month Linyi and Langyaxiu both sent envoys with tribute.
129
冬十一月甲寅,慈訓太后令曰:「伯宗昔在儲宮,本無令問、及居崇極,遂騁凶淫。 太傅親承顧托,義深垣屏,而攢塗未禦,翌日無淹,仍遣劉師知、殷不佞等顯言排斥,陰謀禍亂,賴元相維持,但除君側。 又以餘孝頃密邇京師,便相徵召,宗社之靈,祅氛是滅。 於是密詔華皎,稱兵上流,國祚憂惶,幾移丑類。 又別敕歐陽紇等攻逼衡州,嶺表紛紜,殊淹弦望。 但賊豎皆亡,日望懲改,而悖禮忘德,情性不悛。 蕩主侯法喜等,太傅麾下,恒遊府內,啖以深利,謀興肘腋; 又蕩主孫泰等潛相連結,大有交通,天誘其衷,自然開發。 此諸文跡,今以相示,豈可復肅恭禋祀,臨御生靈。 今可特降為臨海郡王,送還藩邸。 太傅安成王,固天生德,齊聖廣深,二後鍾心,三靈佇眷。 自前朝不豫,任總邦家,威惠相宣,刑禮兼設。 且地彰靈璽,天表長彗,布新除舊,禎祥咸顯。 文皇知子之鑒,事甚帝堯,傳弟之懷,久符太伯。 今可還申舊志,崇立賢君,外宜依舊典,奉迎輿駕。」 是日,帝出居別第。 太建二年四月乙卯薨,時年十九。
In winter's eleventh month, jiayin, the Cixun empress dowager's order said: "Bozong formerly in the Eastern Palace had no fair reputation; when he reached the throne he unleashed fierce debauchery. The Grand Preceptor personally received the entrustment, righteousness deep as a screen wall, yet the road was not cleared for even a day; still he dispatched Liu Shizhi, Yin Bujiu, and others to speak openly of expulsion and secretly plot chaos—relying on the chief minister's maintenance, only removing those beside the ruler. Also because Yu Xiaoxiang lay close to the capital he was summoned; the altars' spirits extinguished the demon vapor. Then secretly edicting Hua Jiao he raised troops upstream; the state's fortune trembled, almost shifting to villains. Also separately ordering Ouyang He and others to press Hengzhou; south of the ranges turmoil spread, greatly delaying hope. Yet the villainous leaders all perished and day by day one hoped for reform—yet he violated rites and forgot virtue, nature unrepentant. Tent chief Hou Faxi and others under the Grand Preceptor's command constantly roamed the offices; fed with deep profit they plotted rising at the armpit; also tent chief Sun Tai and others secretly linked together in great communication—Heaven tempted their hearts and naturally exposed them. These documents and traces are now shown you—how can one again reverently perform sacrifice and govern the living masses? Now he may specially be demoted to Prince of Linhai and sent back to his princely residence. Grand Preceptor Prince of Ancheng Xu—by nature born with virtue, equal sage and broadly deep; the two empresses fixed their hearts, the three spirits awaited their favor. From the former court's illness he bore overall task for state and house; prestige and kindness mutually proclaimed, punishment and rites jointly established. Moreover the earth displayed the spirit seal and Heaven showed the long comet; spreading the new and removing the old, auspicious omens all displayed. Emperor Wen's mirror for knowing sons very like Emperor Yao; the heart of transmitting to a younger brother long matched Grand Earl. Now he may again declare the former will, honor and establish the worthy ruler; outwardly follow the old canon and welcome the imperial carriage." That same day the emperor moved out to a separate residence. In Taijian 2, fourth month, yimao, he died at age nineteen.
130
帝性仁弱,無人君之器,及即尊位,政刑皆歸塚宰,故宣太后稱文帝遺志而廢焉。
The emperor's nature was benevolent and weak, without a ruler's vessel; when he reached the honored position government and punishment all returned to the regent; hence Empress Dowager Xuan, citing Emperor Wen's final will, deposed him.
131
論曰:陳武帝以雄毅之姿,屬殷憂之運,功存拯溺,道濟橫流,應變無方,蓋惟人傑。 及乎西都蕩覆,江表阽危,僧辯任同伊尹,空結桐宮之恨,貞陽入假秦兵,不息穆嬴之泣。 帝乘隙以舉,乃蹈玄機,王業所基,始自于此,柴天改物,蓋有憑云。 文帝以宗枝承統,情存兢惕,加以崇尚儒術,愛悅文義,恭儉行己,勤勞濟物,志度弘遠,有前哲之風,至於臨下明察,得永平之政矣。 臨海懦弱,有同於帝摯,文後雖欲不鑒殷道,蓋亦其可得邪。
The commentary says: Emperor Wu of Chen with fierce resolute bearing met an era of deep sorrow; merit preserved the drowning and the Way crossed the torrent; responding to change without fixed method—truly a hero among men. When the western capital fell and the lands east of the river stood on the brink, Sengbian's task equaled Yi Yin's—yet only Tung Palace resentment was bound; Zhenyang entered borrowing Qin troops—and Mu Ying's tears did not cease. The Emperor seized the gap and rose, then tread the hidden mechanism; the royal enterprise's foundation began here; burning firewood and changing the mandate—surely had cloud to rely upon. Emperor Wen with clan branch received succession, heart preserving caution; moreover honoring Confucian arts and delighting in literary righteousness; respectful thrift in conduct, laboring to aid the masses—ambition broad and far with former sages' wind; facing those below with bright discernment he obtained Yongping-era government. Linhai was weak and soft, the same as Emperor Zhi; though Empress Wen afterward wished not to mirror the Yin Way—could she obtain it?