1
列傳第四宋宗室及諸王下
Biographies 4 — Members of the Song Imperial Family 2
2
宋文帝諸子孝武諸子孝明諸子
The sons of Emperor Wen; the sons of Emperor Xiaowu; the sons of Emperor Xiaoming
3
文帝十九男：元皇后生元凶劭，潘淑妃生始興王浚，路淑媛生孝武帝，吳淑儀生南平穆王鑠，高修儀生廬陵昭王紹，殷修華生竟陵王誕，曹婕妤生建平宣簡王宏，陳修容生東海王褘，謝容華生晉熙王昶，江修容生武昌王渾，沈婕妤生明帝，楊美人生始安王休仁，邢美人生山陽王休佑，蔡美人生海陵王休茂，董美人生鄱陽哀王休業，顏美人生臨慶沖王休倩，陳美人生新野懷王夷父，荀美人生桂陽王休范，羅美人生巴陵哀王休若。 紹出繼廬陵孝獻王義真。
Emperor Wen had nineteen sons. The primary empress bore the crown prince and regicide Shao. Consort Pan bore Prince Jun of Shixing; Lady Lu bore Emperor Xiaowu; Lady Wu bore Prince Mu of Nanping, Shuo; Lady Gao bore Prince Zhao of Luling, Shao; Lady Yin bore Prince Dan of Jingling; Lady Cao bore Prince Xuanjian of Jianping, Hong; Lady Chen bore Prince Hui of Donghai; Lady Xie bore Prince Chang of Jinxi; Lady Jiang bore Prince Hun of Wuchang; Lady Shen bore Emperor Ming; Lady Yang bore Prince Xiuren of Shi'an; Lady Xing bore Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang; Lady Cai bore Prince Xiumao of Hailing; Lady Dong bore Prince Ai of Poyang, Xiuye; Lady Yan bore Prince Chong of Linqing, Xiuqian; Lady Chen bore Prince Huai of Xinye, Yifu; Lady Xun bore Prince Xiufan of Guiyang; and Lady Luo bore Prince Ai of Baling, Xiuruo. Shao was given in adoption to succeed Prince Xiaoxian of Luling, Yizhen.
4
元凶劭字休遠，文帝長子也。 帝即位後，諒闇中生劭，故秘之。 元嘉三年閏正月方云劭生。 自前代人君即位後，皇后生太子，唯殷帝乙踐阼，正妃生紂，至此又有劭焉。
The crown prince and regicide Shao, styled Xiuyuan, was Emperor Wen's eldest son. Shao was born while the emperor was still in mourning after his accession, so the birth was kept secret. Not until the intercalary first month of Yuanjia 3 was Shao's birth publicly announced. Since antiquity, when an emperor had already taken the throne and his empress then bore the crown prince, the only precedent was Emperor Yi of Yin, whose principal consort bore King Zhou — and now Shao stood in the same case.
5
始生三日，帝往視之，簪帽甚堅，無風而墜於劭側，上不悅。 初命之曰劭，在文為召刀，後惡焉，改刀為力。 年六歲，拜為皇太子，中庶子二率入直永福省，為更築宮，制度嚴麗。 年十二，出居東宮，納黃門侍郎殷淳女為妃。 十三加元服。 好讀史傳，尤愛弓馬。 及長，美鬚眉，大眼方口，長七尺四寸。 親覽宮事，延賓客，意之所欲，上必從之。 東宮置兵與羽林等。 十七年，劭拜京陵，大將軍彭城王義康、竟陵王誕、桂陽侯義融並從。
Three days after Shao was born, the emperor came to see him. His hairpin and cap were fastened firmly, yet without any wind they fell beside the infant. The emperor took it as an ill omen. He was first named Shao, written with the character for "summon" plus "knife," but the emperor later disliked that omen and changed the "knife" radical to "strength." At six he was made crown prince. Two leaders of the palace attendants were posted to Yongfu Palace, a new residence was built for him, and its regulations were made strict and splendid. At twelve he left the inner palace for the Eastern Palace and married the daughter of Yellow Gate Attendant Officer Yin Chun. At thirteen he underwent the capping ceremony. He loved reading histories and biographies, and above all loved archery and horsemanship. When fully grown he was handsome, with fine brows and beard, large eyes, a square mouth, and a height of seven feet four inches. He personally managed palace business, entertained guests, and whatever he wanted the emperor always granted. The Eastern Palace was given a guard force equal to the Feathered Forest Guard. In year 17, Shao paid respects at the imperial tombs at Jingling. Grand General Prince Yikang of Pengcheng, Prince Dan of Jingling, and Marquis Yirong of Guiyang all accompanied him.
6
二十七年，上將北侵，劭與蕭思話固諫，不從。 魏太武帝至瓜步，上登石頭城，有憂色。 劭曰：「不斬江湛、徐湛之，無以謝天下。」 上曰：「北伐自我意，不關二人； 但湛等不異耳。」 由是與江、徐不平。
In year 27, when the emperor planned a northern campaign, Shao and Xiao Sihua remonstrated firmly, but he refused to listen. When Emperor Taiwu of Wei reached Guabu, Emperor Wen climbed Stone City and his face showed worry. Shao said, "Unless Jiang Zhan and Xu Tanzhi are executed, there is no way to answer to the realm. The emperor replied, "The northern campaign was my own decision and has nothing to do with those two men — but Zhan and the others are no different in my eyes." From that point Shao was estranged from Jiang and Xu.
7
上時務本業，使宮內皆蠶，欲以諷勵天下。 有女巫嚴道育夫為劫，坐沒入奚官。 劭姊東陽公主應合婢王鸚鵡白公主道育通靈，主乃白上托雲善蠶，求召入。 道育云：「所奉天神，當賜符應。」 時主夕臥，見流光相隨，狀若螢火，遂入巾箱化為雙珠，圓青可愛。 於是主及劭並信惑之。 始興王浚素佞事劭，並多過失，慮上知，使道育祈請，欲令過不上聞。 歌舞咒詛，不舍晝夜。 道育輒云：「自上天陳請，必不洩露。」 劭等敬事，號曰天師。 後遂為巫蠱，刻玉為上形像，埋于含章殿前。
The emperor then emphasized basic industry and had everyone in the palace raise silkworms, hoping to admonish and encourage the whole realm by example. There was a shamaness named Yan Daoyu whose husband had been a bandit; after his conviction she was confiscated into the palace women. Shao's elder sister, the Princess of Dongyang, had a maid named Wang Yingwu who told her that Daoyu possessed spirit powers. The princess then told the emperor that Daoyu was skilled at sericulture and asked that she be summoned into the palace. Daoyu said, "The celestial deity I serve will grant talismanic signs in response. That evening, as the princess lay down to sleep, she saw flowing light trailing her like fireflies. It entered her kerchief box and turned into a pair of round blue-green pearls. After that both the princess and Shao came to believe in her and were thoroughly deluded. Prince Jun of Shixing had always fawned on Shao and had many faults of his own. Fearing the emperor would learn of them, he had Daoyu pray and petition so that his misdeeds would never reach the throne. Songs, dances, and curses went on day and night without stopping. Daoyu always said, "I have already laid the matter before Heaven above; it will surely not leak out. Shao and the others revered and served her and called her the Celestial Master. Later they even turned to witchcraft and sorcery, carving a jade image of the emperor and burying it before Hanzhang Palace.
8
初，東陽公主有奴陳天興，鸚鵡養以為子而與之淫通。 鸚鵡、天興及寧州所獻黃門慶國並與巫蠱事，劭以天興補隊主。 東陽主薨，鸚鵡應出嫁，劭慮言語泄，與浚謀之，嫁與浚府佐吳興沈懷遠為妾。 不啟上，慮事泄，因臨賀公主微言之。 上後知天興領隊，遣閹人奚承祖讓劭曰：「汝間用隊主副儘是奴邪？ 欲嫁者又嫁何處？」 劭答：「南第昔屬天興求將吏驅使，視形容粗健，便兼隊副； 下人欲嫁者猶未有處。」 時鸚鵡已嫁懷遠矣。 劭懼，書告浚，並使報臨賀主，上若問嫁處，當言未定。 浚答書曰：「啟此事多日，今始來問，當是有感發之者。 計臨賀故不應翻覆言語，自生寒熱也。 此姥由來挾兩端，難可孤保，正爾自問臨賀冀得審實也。 其若見問，當作依違答之。 天興先署佞人府位，不審監上當無此簿領，可急宜犍之。 殿下已見王未？ 宜依此具令嚴自躬上啟聞。 彼人若為不已，政可促其餘命，或是大慶之漸。」 凡劭、浚相與書類如此。 所言皆為名號，謂上為「彼人」，或以為「其」； 謂太尉江夏王義恭為「佞人」； 東陽主第在西掖門外，故云：「南第」。 王即鸚鵡姓。 「躬上啟聞。」 者，令道育上天白天神也。 鸚鵡既適懷遠，慮與天興私通事泄，請劭殺之。 劭密使人害天興。 既而慶國謂往來唯有二人，天興既死，慮將見及，乃以白上。 上驚惋，即收鸚鵡家，得劭、浚手書，皆咒詛巫蠱之言。 得所埋上形像于宮內。 道育叛亡，捕之不得。 上詰責劭、浚，劭、浚唯陳謝而已。 道育變服為尼，逃匿東宮。 浚往京口，又以自隨，或出止人張旿家。 上謂江夏王義恭曰：「常見典籍有此，謂止書傳空言，不意親睹。 劭南面之日，非復我及汝事。 汝兒子多，將來遇此不幸耳。」
Earlier the Princess of Dongyang had a slave named Chen Tianxing whom Yingwu had raised as a son and with whom she carried on an illicit affair. Yingwu, Tianxing, and Qingguo — a eunuch sent as tribute from Ningzhou — were all involved in the witchcraft affair. Shao appointed Tianxing company commander. When the Princess of Dongyang died, Yingwu was due to marry out. Shao feared she would talk and plotted with Jun to marry her to Shen Huaiyuan of Wuxing, a staff officer in Jun's household, as concubine. Without informing the emperor, and fearing the affair would leak, he dropped a hint to the Princess of Linhe. Later the emperor learned Tianxing was serving as company commander and sent the eunuch Xi Chengzu to reproach Shao: "Are all the company commanders and deputies you use in secret slaves? And if you want to marry someone off, where exactly will you marry her? Shao answered, "At the Southern Residence Tianxing once asked for officers and clerks to drive and serve him. Seeing that he was coarse and strong in build, I also made him company deputy — as for subordinates who wish to marry, no arrangement has yet been made." By then Yingwu had already been married to Huaiyuan. Shao grew afraid and wrote to Jun, also telling him to notify the Princess of Linhe: if the emperor asked where Yingwu had been married, she should say it was still undecided. Jun wrote back, "I reported this matter many days ago. That he asks only now means someone must have stirred him up. I reckon the Princess of Linhe will not reverse her words and create trouble for herself. That old woman has always played both sides and cannot be trusted alone. I am asking Linhe precisely so we can get the facts straight. If she is questioned, she should answer evasively. Tianxing was first registered on the sycophant's household roster. I do not know whether the supervisor above keeps such ledgers — he should be killed at once. Has Your Highness already seen Wang? You should have Yan herself go up and report this in full to Heaven. If that man keeps on as he is, we may as well shorten the rest of his life — or that may be the first step toward great fortune. In general, letters exchanged between Shao and Jun were all like this. What they wrote used code names: they called the emperor "that man," or sometimes simply "he." They called Grand Marshal Prince Yigong of Jiangxia "the sycophant." The Princess of Dongyang's residence lay outside the Western Side Gate, hence their term "Southern Residence." "Wang" was Yingwu's surname. "Go up and report to Heaven. This meant having Daoyu ascend to report to the celestial deity. After Yingwu married Huaiyuan, fearing her affair with Tianxing would be exposed, she asked Shao to kill him. Shao secretly sent men to kill Tianxing. Then Qingguo, reflecting that only two people had been coming and going and that with Tianxing dead he would surely be implicated, reported the affair to the emperor. The emperor was shocked and grieved. He immediately searched Yingwu's household and obtained letters in Shao's and Jun's own hands — all filled with curses, witchcraft, and sorcery. They recovered the buried image of the emperor from within the palace. Daoyu changed dress and fled; she could not be captured. The emperor interrogated and reproached Shao and Jun, but they offered only apologies. Daoyu disguised herself as a nun and hid in the Eastern Palace. When Jun went to Jingkou he took her with him again, or lodged at the home of a man named Zhang Xu. The emperor said to Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, "I have often read of such things in the classics and thought they existed only on the page. I never expected to witness them myself. When Shao faces south as ruler, it will no longer be a matter for you or me. You have many sons. In the future they will meet this misfortune."
9
先是二十八年，彗星起畢、昴，入太微，掃帝坐端門，滅翼、軫。 二十九年，熒惑逆行守氐，自十一月霖雨連雪，陽光罕曜。 時道士范材修練形術，是歲自言死期，如期而死。 既殯，江夏王疑其仙也，使開棺視之，首如新刎，血流於背，上聞而惡焉。
Earlier, in year 28, a comet rose in Bi and Mao, entered Taiwei, swept the emperor's seat and the End Gate, and faded in Yi and Zhen. In year 29, Mars moved retrograde and guarded Di. From the eleventh month rain and snow continued in succession, and sunlight rarely appeared. At the time the Daoist Fan Cai practiced body-refinement arts. That year he declared the day of his death and died exactly on schedule. After the encoffining, Prince Yigong of Jiangxia suspected Fan had become an immortal and had the coffin opened. The head looked freshly cut and blood flowed down the back. When the emperor heard of it he was disgusted.
10
三十年正月，大風飛霰且雷，上憂有竊發，輒加劭兵，東宮實甲萬人。 其年二月，浚自京口入朝，當鎮江陵，復載道育還東宮，欲將西上。 有告上云：「京口人張旿家有一尼服食，出入征北內，似是嚴道育。」 上使掩得二婢，云：「道育隨征北還都。」 上惆悵惋駭，須檢覆，廢劭賜浚死。 初，浚母卒，命潘淑妃養以為子。 淑妃愛浚，浚心不附。 妃被寵，上以謀告之。 妃以告浚，浚報劭，因有異謀。 每夜饗將士，或親自行酒，密與腹心隊主陳叔兒、齋帥張超之、任建之謀之。
In the first month of year 30, great winds blew hail mixed with thunder. The emperor feared a sudden uprising and repeatedly added troops to Shao's guard — the Eastern Palace in fact had ten thousand armored men. That year in the second month Jun entered court from Jingkou. He was to garrison Jiangling and again carried Daoyu back to the Eastern Palace, intending to take her west with him. Someone reported to the emperor, "In Jingkou, at the home of Zhang Xu, there is a nun taking medicine and food who goes in and out within the Northern Expedition headquarters — she appears to be Yan Daoyu. The emperor sent men to seize two maids, who said, "Daoyu followed the Northern Expedition back to the capital." The emperor was sorrowful, startled, and appalled. He was about to investigate further, depose Shao, and grant Jun death. Earlier, when Jun's mother died, the emperor ordered Consort Pan to raise him as her son. The consort loved Jun, but Jun's heart did not attach to her. The consort was favored, and the emperor told her of the plot. The consort told Jun, and Jun reported to Shao. From that they formed a separate plot. Every night he feasted officers and soldiers, sometimes personally going among them with wine, secretly plotting with his trusted company commander Chen Shuer, ritual officer Zhang Chaozhi, and Ren Jianzhi.
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其月二十一日夜，詐作上詔，云：「魯秀謀反，汝可平明率眾入。」 因使超之等集素所養士二千餘人皆被甲，云：「有所討」。 宿召前中庶子右軍長史蕭斌及左衛率袁淑、中舍人殷仲素、左積弩將軍王正見併入，告以大事，自起拜斌等，因流涕。 並驚愕。 明旦，劭以朱服加戎服上，乘畫輪車，與蕭斌同載，衛從如常入朝儀，從萬春門入。 舊制，東宮隊不得入城，劭語門衛云：「受詔有所收討。」 令後速來，張超之等數十人馳入雲龍東中華門。 及齋合，拔刃徑上合殿。 上其夜與尚書僕射徐湛之屏人語，至旦燭猶未滅，門階戶席並無侍衛。 上以幾自鄣，超之行殺，上五指俱落，並殺湛之。 劭進至合殿中合，文帝已崩。 出坐東堂，蕭斌執刀侍直，呼中書舍人顧嘏。 嘏懼，不時出，及至，問曰：「欲共見廢，何不早啟。」 未及答，斬之。 遣人於崇禮闥，殺吏部尚書江湛。 文帝左細仗主卜天與攻劭於東堂，見殺。 又使人入殺潘淑妃，剖其心觀其邪正。 使者阿旨，答曰：「心邪。」 劭曰：「邪佞之心，故宜邪也。」 又殺文帝親信左右數十人。 急召始興王浚率眾屯中堂。
On the night of the twenty-first of that month he forged an imperial edict saying, "Lu Xiu is plotting rebellion. At dawn you may lead the host inside. He then had Chaozhi and the others assemble more than two thousand trained retainers, all in armor, saying there was "something to punish." Overnight he summoned the former palace attendant, Right Army Chief Clerk Xiao Bin, Left Guard Leader Yuan Shu, Palace Attendant Yin Zhongsu, and Left Crossbow General Wang Zhengjian together, told them of the great affair, rose himself to bow to Bin and the others, and wept. They were all startled and dismayed. At dawn Shao wore ceremonial robes over armor, rode in a painted wheel carriage with Xiao Bin, and entered court through Wanchun Gate with escort following the usual ritual. By old regulation the Eastern Palace guard could not enter the city. Shao told the gate guards, "I have received an edict to seize and punish someone. He ordered them to follow quickly. Several dozen men including Zhang Chaozhi galloped through the Eastern Gate of Cloud Dragon and the Central Gate of China. Reaching the ritual hall, they drew blades and went straight up to the Hall of Audience. That night the emperor had been speaking privately with Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Xu Tanzhi. At dawn the candles were still burning, and there were no attendants at door, step, or couch. The emperor used a table to shield himself. Chaozhi went forward and killed him — all five fingers of one hand were cut off — and Xu Tanzhi was killed as well. Shao advanced to the inner hall of the Hall of Audience. Emperor Wen was already dead. He went out and sat in the Eastern Hall. Xiao Bin held a blade and attended upright. He called Palace Attendant Gu Gu. Gu was afraid and did not come out promptly. When he arrived Shao asked, "You were to witness the deposition together — why did you not report early? Before he could answer, he was beheaded. He sent men to Chongli Gate to kill Director of the Masters of Writing Jiang Zhan. Emperor Wen's Left Fine Guard commander Bu Tianyu attacked Shao in the Eastern Hall and was killed. He also sent men to kill Consort Pan, cut open her heart, and examine whether it was wicked or upright. The envoy flattered him and answered, "The heart is wicked. Shao said, "A wicked and sycophantic heart — of course it should be wicked." He also killed several dozen of Emperor Wen's trusted attendants. He urgently summoned Prince Jun of Shixing to lead troops and encamp in the Central Hall.
12
成服日，劭登殿臨靈，號慟不自持。 博訪公卿，詢求政道，遣使分行四方。 分浙江以東五郡為會州，省揚州，立司隸校尉，以殷沖補之。 以大將軍江夏王義恭為太保，司徒南譙王義宣為太尉。 荊州刺史始興王浚進號驃騎將軍，王僧綽以先豫廢立見誅。 長沙王瑾弟楷、臨川王燁、桂陽侯覬、新渝侯玠，並以宿恨死。 禮官希旨，諡文帝不敢盡美稱，諡曰中宗景皇帝。 及聞南譙王義宣、隨王誕等起義師，悉聚諸王於城內。 移江夏王義恭住尚書下舍，分義恭諸子住侍中下省。
On the day mourning garments were donned, Shao ascended the hall to attend the spirit and wailed until he could not control himself. He broadly sought out the high ministers and inquired after the way of governance, sending envoys in all directions. East of the Zhe River he divided five commanderies into Huizhou, abolished Yangzhou, and established the Director of Retainers, appointing Yin Chong to the post. He made Grand General Prince Yigong of Jiangxia Grand Tutor and Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao Grand Marshal. Governor of Jingzhou Prince Jun of Shixing was promoted to General of Agile Cavalry. Wang Sengchuo was executed for having earlier taken part in the plan to depose him. Prince Jin of Changsha's younger brothers Kai and Prince Ye of Linchuan, Marquis Qi of Guiyang, and Marquis Jie of Xinyu all died from old grudges. The ritual officers flattered him. In the posthumous title for Emperor Wen they dared not use fully laudatory terms and gave the title Emperor Jing of the Middle Founding. When he heard Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao, Prince Dan of Sui, and others had raised righteous armies, he gathered all the princes within the city. He moved Prince Yigong of Jiangxia to lodge in the lower quarters of the Masters of Writing and distributed Yigong's sons to lodge in the lower quarters of the Palace Attendants.
13
四月，立妻殷為皇后。
In the fourth month he installed his wife Yin as empress.
14
孝武檄至，劭自謂素習武事，謂朝士曰：「卿等助我理文書，勿厝意戎陣。 若有寇難，吾當自出，唯恐賊虜不敢動耳。」 中外戒嚴。 防孝武世子於侍中省，南譙王義宣諸子於太倉空屋。 劭使浚與孝武書，言：「上親禦六師，太保又執鉞臨統，吾與烏羊相尋即道。 上聖恩每厚法師，令在殿內住，想弟欲知消息，故及」。 烏羊者，南平王鑠，法師，孝武世子小名也。
When Emperor Xiaowu's proclamation arrived, Shao, believing himself skilled in military affairs from of old, told the court gentlemen, "You help me manage documents. Do not concern yourselves with the battlefield. If there is enemy trouble, I shall go out myself. I only fear the bandits will not dare move. Within and without, strict guard was ordered. Emperor Xiaowu's heir was guarded in the Palace Attendants' office. The sons of Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao were kept in empty rooms of the Great Storehouse. Shao had Jun write to Emperor Xiaowu, saying, "The emperor personally leads the Six Armies, and the Grand Tutor also holds the battle-axe and commands in chief. I and Wuyang will meet you on the road shortly. The emperor's sacred grace has always favored the Master of the Law, who is kept within the hall. Thinking you would wish to know the news, I therefore mention this." "Wuyang" was Prince Shuo of Nanping. "Master of the Law" was the childhood name of Emperor Xiaowu's heir.
15
劭欲殺三鎮士庶家口，江夏王義恭、何尚之說曰：「凡舉大事，不顧家口； 且多是驅逼。 今忽誅其餘累，政足堅彼意耳。」 劭乃下書，一無所問。
Shao wished to kill the families of the three garrisons' officers and commoners. Prince Yigong of Jiangxia and He Shangzhi urged, "In raising a great affair one does not consider households — moreover most were driven and compelled. If you suddenly execute their remaining dependents, that would only harden their resolve. Shao then issued an edict and questioned no one further.
16
浚及蕭斌勸劭勒水軍自上決戰，江夏王義恭慮義兵倉卒，船舫陋小，不宜水戰。 乃進策以為「宜以近待之，遠出則京師空弱，東軍乘虛，容能為患。 不如養銳待期」。 劭善其議。 蕭斌厲色曰：「南中郎二十年少，業能建如此大事，豈復可量。」 劭不納。 疑朝廷舊臣不為之用，厚撫王羅漢、魯秀，悉以兵事委之，多賜珍玩美色以悅其志。 羅漢先為南平王鑠右軍參軍，劭以其有將用，故以心膂委焉。 或勸劭保石頭城者，劭曰：「昔人所以固石頭，俟諸侯勤王耳。 我若守此，誰當見救，唯應力戰決之。」 日日自出行軍，慰勞將士。 使有司奏立子偉之為皇太子。
Jun and Xiao Bin urged Shao to lead the navy upstream for a decisive battle. Prince Yigong of Jiangxia feared the righteous army was hasty, the boats small and mean, and unsuited to water combat. He therefore submitted a plan saying, "One should wait for the near enemy. If one goes far out the capital will be empty and weak, and the eastern army may exploit the void and become a trouble. Better to nurture sharpness and wait for the appointed time." Shao approved this counsel. Xiao Bin said sternly, "The Southern Palace Attendant is only twenty years old, yet already able to accomplish such a great affair — how can he still be measured? Shao did not accept it. Suspecting old ministers of the court would not serve him, he treated Wang Luohan and Lu Xiu generously and entrusted all military affairs to them, giving many precious objects and beautiful women to please their ambitions. Luohan had earlier been Right Army Attendant Officer to Prince Shuo of Nanping. Shao, seeing his military usefulness, therefore entrusted him as intimate aide. Some urged Shao to hold Stone City. Shao said, "People in the past fortified Stone City to await the feudal lords coming to aid the throne. If I hold this place, who will come to save me? I should only fight hard and settle it. Day after day he personally went out to the army, comforting and encouraging officers and soldiers. He had the relevant office memorialize installing his son Weizhi as crown prince.
17
及義軍至新亭，劭登朱雀門躬自督戰。 將士懷劭重賞，皆為之力戰。 將克，而魯秀打退鼓，軍乃止，為柳元景等所乘，故大敗。 褚湛之攜二子與檀和之同歸順，劭懼，走還台城。 其夜，魯秀又南奔。 二十五日，江夏王義恭單馬南奔，劭遣浚殺義恭諸子，以輦迎蔣侯神像于宮內，乞恩，拜為大司馬，封鍾山郡王，蘇侯為驃騎將軍。 使南平王鑠為祝文，罪狀孝武。 二十七日，臨軒，拜子偉之為皇太子，百官皆戎服，劭獨袞衣，下書大赦，唯孝武、劉義恭、義宣、誕不在原例。
When the righteous army reached Xinting, Shao ascended Vermilion Bird Gate and personally directed the battle. The officers and soldiers, cherishing Shao's heavy rewards, all fought for him with force. They were about to prevail when Lu Xiu beat the retreat drum. The army then halted, was exploited by Liu Yuanjing and others, and suffered great defeat. Chu Tanzhi took his two sons and joined Tan Hezhi in submission. Shao was afraid and fled back to the palace city. That night Lu Xiu fled south again. On the twenty-fifth, Prince Yigong of Jiangxia fled south alone on horseback. Shao sent Jun to kill Yigong's sons, had the carriage bring the image of Lord Jiang into the palace to beg favor, bowed to him as Grand Marshal, enfeoffed him Prince of Zhongshan, and made Lord Su General of Agile Cavalry. He had Prince Shuo of Nanping compose the prayer text listing Emperor Xiaowu's crimes. On the twenty-seventh, facing the hall, he invested Weizhi as crown prince. All officials wore military dress while Shao alone wore imperial robes, issued an edict of general amnesty, but Emperor Xiaowu, Liu Yigong, Yixuan, and Dan were excluded.
18
五月三日，魯秀等攻大航，鉤得一舶。 王羅漢昏酣作妓，聞官軍已度，驚放仗歸降。 是夜，劭閉守六門，於門內鑿塹立柵，以露車為樓。 城內沸亂，將吏並踰城出奔。 劭使詹叔兒燒輦及袞冕服。 蕭斌聞大航不守，惶窘不知所為，宣令所統皆使解甲，尋戴白幡來降，即於軍門伏誅。
On the third day of the fifth month, Lu Xiu and others attacked the Great Crossing and hooked one boat. Wang Luohan, drunk and making merry with entertainers, heard the government army had crossed and in alarm dropped his weapons and surrendered. That night Shao closed and defended the six gates, dug moats and set palisades inside the gates, and used open wagons as towers. Within the city there was boiling disorder. Officers and clerks all climbed over the walls and fled. Shao had Zhan Shuer burn the imperial carriages and imperial robes. Xiao Bin, hearing the Great Crossing was lost, was alarmed and did not know what to do. He proclaimed to those under his command to lay down arms, then came wearing white banners to surrender and was immediately executed at the camp gate.
19
四日，劭腹心白直諸同逆先屯閶闔門外，並走還入殿。 程天祚與薛安都副譚金因而乘之，即得俱入。 臧質從廣莫門入，同會太極殿前。 即斬太子左衛率王正見，建平、東海等七王並號哭俱出。 劭穿西垣入武庫井中，副隊高禽執之。 浚率左右數十人，與南平王鑠於西明門出，俱南奔，於越城遇江夏王義恭。 浚下馬，曰：「南中郎今何在？」 義恭曰：「已君臨萬國。」 又稱字曰：「虎頭來，得無晚乎？」 義恭曰：「恨晚。」 又曰：「故當不死？」 義恭曰：「可詣行闕請罪。」 又曰：「未審猶能得一職自效不？」 義恭又曰：「此未可量。」 勒與俱自歸，命於馬上斬首。
On the fourth day, Shao's trusted white-guard fellow conspirators who had first encamped outside Changhe Gate all fled back into the hall. Cheng Tianzuo and Xue Andu, deputy to Tan Jin, exploited this and entered together. Zang Zhi entered from Guangmo Gate and joined them before the Hall of Supreme Ultimate. They immediately beheaded Left Guard Leader Wang Zhengjian. The seven princes of Jianping, Donghai, and others all wailed and came out together. Shao broke through the western wall and entered the armory well. Deputy Company Commander Gao Qin seized him. Jun led several dozen followers and Prince Shuo of Nanping out through Ximing Gate. Both fled south, and at Yue City met Prince Yigong of Jiangxia. Jun dismounted and said, "Where is the Southern Palace Attendant now? Yigong said, "He already rules the myriad states." He also used his style name and said, "Hutou has come — isn't it rather late?" Yigong said, "I regret it is late." He also said, "So I should not die after all?" Yigong said, "You may go to the traveling palace and beg forgiveness." He also said, "I wonder whether I can still obtain some post to prove myself?" Yigong again said, "That cannot yet be measured." He compelled Jun to return with him in submission and ordered him beheaded on horseback.
20
浚字休明，將產之夕，有鵩鳴於屋上，聞者莫不惡之。 元嘉十三年，年八歲，封始興王。 浚少好文籍，資質端妍，母潘淑妃有盛寵。 時六宮無主，潘專總內政。 浚人才既美，母又至愛，文帝甚所留心。 與建平王宏、侍中王僧綽、中書郎蔡興宗等，並以文義往復。
Jun, styled Xiuming, on the night he was about to be born an owl screeched on the roof. All who heard it regarded it as ill-omened. In Yuanjia 13, at age eight, he was enfeoffed Prince of Shixing. Jun from youth loved literary works. His talent and bearing were refined and handsome, and his mother Consort Pan enjoyed great favor. At the time the six palaces had no mistress. Pan alone controlled inner administration. Jun's talent was already beautiful and his mother deeply loved. Emperor Wen greatly attended to him. With Prince Hong of Jianping, Palace Attendant Wang Sengchuo, Secretariat Gentleman Cai Xingzong, and others he exchanged on literary meaning.
21
初元皇后性忌，以潘氏見幸，恚恨致崩。 故劭深病潘氏及浚。 浚慮將來受禍，乃曲意事劭，劭與之遂善。 多有過失，屢為上所讓，憂懼，乃與劭共為巫蠱。 後出鎮京口，乃因員外散騎侍郎徐爰求鎮江陵，又求助於尚書僕射徐湛之。 而尚書令何尚之等咸謂浚太子次弟，不應遠出。 上以上流之重，宜有至親，故以浚為衛將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史，加都督，領護南蠻校尉。 浚入朝，遣還京口，為行留處分。 至京口數日而巫蠱事發，時二十九年七月也。 上惋歎彌日，謂潘淑妃曰：「太子圖富貴，更是一理，虎頭復如此，非復思慮所及。 汝母子豈可一日無我邪？」 明年荊州事方行。 二月，浚還朝。 十四日，臨軒受拜。 其日，藏嚴道育事發，明旦浚入謝，上容色非常，其夕即加詰問。 浚唯謝罪。 潘淑妃抱浚泣曰：「汝始咒詛事發，猶冀刻己思愆，何意忽藏嚴道育。 今日用活何為，可送藥來，吾當先自取盡，不忍見汝禍敗。」 浚奮衣去，曰：「天下事尋自判，必不上累。」
Earlier the primary empress was jealous by nature. Because Pan was favored she resented it and died of grief. Therefore Shao deeply hated Pan and Jun. Jun feared future calamity and therefore bent his will to serve Shao. Shao and he then became close. He had many faults and was repeatedly reproached by the emperor. In worry and fear he joined Shao in witchcraft and sorcery. Later when he went out to garrison Jingkou he therefore through Supernumerary Palace Cadet Xu Ai sought to garrison Jiangling, and also sought help from Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Xu Tanzhi. But Director of the Masters of Writing He Shangzhi and others all said Jun was the crown prince's next younger brother and should not go far away. The emperor, because the upper Yangzi was weighty and should have the closest kin, therefore made Jun General of the Guard, Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat, and governor of Jingzhou, with added overall command, holding Protector of the Southern Barbarians. Jun entered court and was sent back to Jingkou to arrange matters before departure. Several days after reaching Jingkou the witchcraft affair broke out — it was the seventh month of year 29. The emperor sighed in grief for days and said to Consort Pan, "The crown prince scheming for wealth and rank is one thing, but Hutou again like this — it is no longer within what thought can reach. Can you mother and son go a single day without me? The next year the Jingzhou appointment was just proceeding. In the second month Jun returned to court. On the fourteenth day he received investiture facing the hall. That day the matter of hiding Yan Daoyu broke out. The next morning Jun entered to apologize. The emperor's expression was very strange, and that evening he was closely interrogated. Jun only apologized for his crime. Consort Pan embraced Jun and wept, "When the cursing affair first broke out I still hoped you would carve yourself and reflect on fault — who expected you would suddenly hide Yan Daoyu? What use is life today? Send poison — I shall first take it all myself. I cannot bear to see your ruin. Jun shook off his robes and left, saying, "The realm's affairs will soon decide themselves — I shall surely not drag you down."
22
劭入弑之旦，浚在西州。 府舍人朱法瑜曰：「台內叫喚，宮門皆閉，道上傳太子反，未測禍變所至。」 浚陽驚曰：「今當奈何。」 浚未得劭信，不知事之濟不，騷擾不知所為。 將軍王慶曰：「今宮內有變，未知主上安危，預在臣子，當投袂赴難。」 浚不聽。 俄而劭遣張超之馳馬召浚，浚問狀訖，即戎服乘馬而去。 朱法瑜固止浚，浚不從。 至中門，王慶又諫不宜從逆。 浚曰：「皇太子令，敢有復言者斬。」 及入見劭，勸殺荀赤松等。 劭謂浚曰：「潘淑妃遂為亂兵所害。」 浚曰：「此是下情由來所願。」 其悖逆如此。 劭將敗，勸劭入海，輦珍寶繒帛下船。
On the morning Shao entered to assassinate, Jun was at the Western Quarter. Household officer Zhu Fayu said, "Within the palace there is shouting. The palace gates are all closed. On the road they say the crown prince has rebelled — the calamity and change cannot yet be known. Jun pretended alarm and said, "What are we to do now?" Jun had not yet received Shao's message and did not know whether the affair had succeeded. He was agitated and did not know what to do. General Wang Qing said, "Now there is change within the palace. The sovereign's safety is unknown — as subjects we should throw up our sleeves and rush to the crisis. Jun would not listen. Shortly Shao sent Zhang Chaozhi galloping on horseback to summon Jun. Jun asked how things stood and immediately donned armor, mounted, and went. Zhu Fayu firmly stopped Jun, but Jun would not heed. At the middle gate Wang Qing again remonstrated that he should not follow rebellion. Jun said, "By the crown prince's order — whoever speaks again shall be beheaded. When he entered and saw Shao, he urged killing Xun Chisong and others. Shao told Jun, "Consort Pan was then killed by mutinous soldiers. Jun said, "That is what the lower feelings have long wished." His rebellion was to this degree. When Shao was about to be defeated, he urged Shao to flee to sea. They loaded precious objects and silks onto boats.
23
及劭入井，高禽于井出之。 劭問天子何在，禽曰：「至尊近在新亭。」 將劭至殿前，臧質見之慟哭。 劭曰：「天地所不覆載，丈人何為見哭。」 質因辨其逆狀，答曰：「先朝當見枉廢，不能作獄中囚。 問計于蕭斌，斌見勸如此。」 又語質曰：「可得為乞遠徙不？」 質曰：「主上近在航南，自當有處分。」 縛劭馬上，防送軍門。 及至牙下，據鞍顧望。 太尉江夏王義恭與諸王共臨視之，義恭曰：「我背逆歸順，有何大罪，頓殺十二兒。」 劭曰：「殺諸弟此一事負阿父。」 江湛妻庾氏乘車罵之，龐秀之亦加誚讓。 劭厲聲曰：「汝輩復何煩爾。」 先殺其四子，語南平王鑠曰：「此何有哉。」 乃斬於牙下。 臨刑歎曰：「不圖宋室一至於此。」 劭、浚及其子並梟首大航，暴屍於市。 劭妻殷氏賜死于廷尉，臨刑謂獄丞江恪曰：「汝家骨肉相殘，何以枉殺天下無罪人。」 恪曰：「受拜皇后，非罪而何。」 殷氏曰：「此權時耳，當以鸚鵡為後也。」 浚妻褚氏，丹陽尹湛之之女。 湛之南奔之始，即見離絕，故免於誅。 其餘子女妾媵並於獄賜死。 投劭、浚屍首于江，其餘同逆及王羅漢等皆伏誅。 張超之聞兵入，遂至合殿故基，止於御床之所，為亂兵所殺，剖腹刳心，臠割其肉，諸將生噉之。 焚其頭骨。 時不見傳國璽，問劭，雲在嚴道育處。 就取得之。 道育、鸚鵡並都街鞭殺，於石頭四望山焚其屍，揚灰于江。 毀劭東宮所住齋，汙瀦其處。 封高禽新陽縣男。 追贈潘淑妃為長寧園夫人，置守塚。 偽司隸校尉殷沖、丹陽尹尹弘並賜死。 沖為劭草立符文，又妃叔父； 弘為劭簡配兵士，盡其心力故也。
When Shao entered the well, Gao Qin pulled him out from the well. Shao asked where the Son of Heaven was. Qin said, "His Majesty is recently at Xinting. They brought Shao before the hall. Zang Zhi saw him and wailed. Shao said, "What Heaven and Earth do not cover and bear — Elder, why weep for me? Zhi therefore set forth his rebellious conduct. Shao answered, "The former emperor should have been wrongly deposed. I could not become a prisoner in jail. I asked counsel of Xiao Bin. Bin saw and urged thus." He also said to Zhi, "Can you beg exile far away for me?" Zhi said, "The sovereign is recently south of the Crossing. He himself will have disposition." They bound Shao on horseback and escorted him under guard to the camp gate. When he reached below the headquarters he leaned on the saddle and looked back. Grand Marshal Prince Yigong of Jiangxia and the princes together viewed him. Yigong said, "I turned from rebellion to submission — what great crime is there, that you instantly killed twelve sons? Shao said, "Killing the younger brothers — in this one matter I wronged Uncle." Jiang Zhan's wife Lady Yu rode in a carriage and cursed him. Pang Xiuzhi also added reproach. Shao said harshly, "Why do you people trouble yourselves so? He first killed his four sons and said to Prince Shuo of Nanping, "What is there in this?" Then he was beheaded below the headquarters. Facing execution he sighed, "I never thought the Song house would come to this. Shao, Jun, and their sons all had heads displayed at the Great Crossing. Corpses were exposed in the market. Shao's wife Lady Yin was granted death at the Court Commandant. Facing execution she told Prison Director Jiang Ke, "Your house slaughters its own flesh and blood — why wrongly kill innocent people under Heaven? Ke said, "Receiving appointment as empress — if not a crime, what is?" Lady Yin said, "That was only for the moment — Yingwu was to be empress afterward." Jun's wife Lady Chu was the daughter of Governor of Danyang Tanzhi. At the beginning of Tanzhi's flight south he was already separated from her, and therefore she escaped execution. The remaining sons, daughters, concubines, and attendants were all granted death in prison. Shao's and Jun's corpses were thrown into the river. The remaining fellow conspirators and Wang Luohan and others were all executed. Zhang Chaozhi, hearing troops had entered, went to the old foundation of the Hall of Audience and stopped at the place of the imperial couch. Mutinous soldiers killed him, cut open his belly and scooped out his heart, sliced his flesh, and the generals ate it raw. They burned his skull. At the time the transmission seal was not seen. Shao was asked and said it was with Yan Daoyu. They went and obtained it. Daoyu and Yingwu were both whipped to death in the capital street. At Siwang Mountain in Stone City their corpses were burned and ashes scattered in the river. They destroyed the ritual hall where Shao's Eastern Palace had dwelt and defiled the place as a cesspool. Gao Qin was enfeoffed Baron of Xinyang. Consort Pan was posthumously granted Lady of Changning Garden and given tomb guardians. The false Director of Retainers Yin Chong and Governor of Danyang Yin Hong were both granted death. Chong drafted the installation edicts for Shao and was also the empress's uncle. Hong selected and assigned soldiers for Shao and exhausted his heart and strength — for these reasons.
24
南平穆王鑠字休玄，文帝第四子也。 元嘉十六年，年九歲，封南平王，少好學，有文才，未弱冠，擬古三十餘首，時人以為亞跡陸機。 二十二年，為南豫州刺史，加都督。 時文帝方事外略，罷南豫州並壽陽，以鑠為豫州刺史，領安蠻校尉。
Prince Mu of Nanping, Shuo, styled Xiuxuan, was Emperor Wen's fourth son. In Yuanjia 16, at age nine, he was enfeoffed Prince of Nanping. From youth he loved learning and had literary talent. Before weak-capping he composed more than thirty pieces in the ancient style — contemporaries thought him second only to Lu Ji. In year 22 he became governor of South Yu Province, with added overall command. At the time Emperor Wen was engaged in external campaigns. He abolished South Yu Province together with Shouyang and made Shuo governor of Yu Province, holding Protector of the Barbarians.
25
二十六年，魏太武圍汝南懸瓠城，行汝南太守陳憲保城自固，魏作高樓施弩射城內，城內負戶以汲。 又毀佛圖，取金像以為大鉤，施之沖車端以牽樓堞。 城內有一沙門頗有機思，輒設奇以應之。 魏人以蝦蟆車填塹，肉薄攻城，死者與城等，遂登屍以陵城。 憲銳氣愈奮，戰士無不一當百，殺傷萬計，汝水為之不流。 相拒四十餘日，鑠遣安蠻司馬劉康祖與甯朔將軍臧質救之，魏人燒攻具而退。
In year 26 Emperor Taiwu of Wei besieged Xuannao city in Runan. Acting Governor of Runan Chen Xian defended the city and held firm. Wei built high towers and mounted crossbows to shoot into the city, and within the city people carried doors on their backs to draw water. They also destroyed Buddhist pagodas, took golden images to make great hooks, and set them at the ends of battering rams to pull down parapets. Within the city was a monk of considerable ingenuity who always devised strange responses. The Wei people used toad wagons to fill the moat and pressed close flesh-to-flesh to attack the city. The dead equaled the height of the wall, and they climbed corpses to scale the city. Xian's sharp spirit grew ever fiercer. Warriors were none who did not match one hundred. Killed and wounded numbered in the tens of thousands, and the Ru River ceased to flow for it. They resisted more than forty days. Shuo sent Protector of the Barbarians Marshal Liu Kangzu and General of Pacifying the North Zang Zhi to rescue them. The Wei people burned their siege engines and withdrew.
26
元凶弑立，以鑠為侍中、錄尚書事。 劭迎蔣侯神于宮內，疏孝武年諱厭咒，祈請假授位號，使鑠造策文。 及義軍入宮，鑠與浚俱歸孝武。 浚即伏法。 上迎鑠入宮，當時倉卒失國璽，事寧更鑄給之。 進侍中、司空，領兵置佐。 以國哀未闋，讓侍中。
When the crown prince assassin usurped the throne, Shuo was made Palace Attendant and Recorder of the Masters of Writing. Shao welcomed Lord Jiang's spirit into the palace, listed tabooed and cursed years of Emperor Xiaowu, prayed and petitioned for borrowed titles, and had Shuo compose the installation text. When the righteous army entered the palace, Shuo and Jun both submitted to Emperor Xiaowu. Jun was immediately executed by law. The emperor welcomed Shuo into the palace. At the time in haste the transmission seal was lost. When affairs settled a new one was cast and given. He was promoted Palace Attendant and Grand Minister of Works, with troops assigned and staff appointed. Because national mourning was not yet ended, he declined Palace Attendant.
27
竟陵王誕字休文，文帝第六子也。 元嘉二十年，年十一，封廣陵王。 二十六年，為雍州刺史，加都督。 以廣陵凋弊，改封隨郡王。 上欲大舉侵魏，以襄陽外接關河，欲廣其資力，乃罷江州軍府，文武悉配雍州，湘州入台租稅雜物，悉給襄陽，及大舉北侵，命諸藩並出師，皆奔敗，唯誕遣中兵參軍柳元景克弘農、關、陝。 元凶立，以揚州浙江西屬司隸校尉，浙江東五郡立會州，以誕為刺史。
Prince Dan of Jingling, styled Xiuwen, was Emperor Wen's sixth son. In Yuanjia 20, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed Prince of Guangling. In year 26 he became governor of Yong Province, with added overall command. Because Guangling was wasted and impoverished, he was changed to Prince of Sui. The emperor wished to invade Wei on a large scale. Because Xiangyang bordered the passes and rivers externally, he wished to expand its strength — he therefore abolished Jiangzhou's military office, assigned all civil and military officers to Yong Province, gave Xiangzhou's tribute rents and miscellaneous goods to the capital, and when the great northern invasion was ordered all the feudatories went out with armies but all fled in defeat. Only Dan sent Army Attendant Liu Yuanjing to take Hongnong, Guan, and Shan. When the crown prince assassin established himself, west of the Zhe River in Yang Province was placed under the Director of Retainers. The five commanderies east of the Zhe were made Huizhou, and Dan was made governor.
28
孝武入討，遣甯朔將軍顧彬之受誕節度，誕遣參軍劉季之舉兵與彬之並。 遇劭將華欽、庾遵于曲阿之奔牛塘，大敗之。 事平，以誕為荊州刺史，加都督、衛將軍、開府儀同三司。 誕以位號正與浚同，惡之，請求回改，乃進號驃騎將軍，加班劍二十人。 南譙王義宣不肯就征，以誕為侍中、驃騎大將軍、揚州刺史，開府如故。 改封竟陵王。 誕性恭和，得士庶之心，頗有勇略。
When Emperor Xiaowu entered to punish Shao, he sent General of Pacifying the North Gu Binzhi to accept Dan's command. Dan sent Attendant Liu Jizhi to raise troops and join Binzhi. They met Shao's generals Hua Qin and Yu Zun at Benniu Pond in Qu'e and routed them. When affairs were settled Dan was made governor of Jingzhou, with added overall command, General of the Guard, and Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat. Dan resented that his rank and title were exactly the same as Jun's and requested change. He was therefore promoted General of Agile Cavalry, with twenty ceremonial swords added. Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao refused to accept summons. Dan was made Palace Attendant, Grand General of Agile Cavalry, and governor of Yangzhou, with office as before. He was changed to Prince of Jingling. Dan was by nature respectful and harmonious and won the hearts of gentry and commoners. He had considerable courage and strategy.
29
明年義宣反，有荊、江、兗、豫四州之力，勢震天下。 上即位日淺，朝野大懼。 上欲奉乘輿法物以迎義宣，誕固執不可，曰：「奈何持此座與人。」 帝加誕節，仗士五十人出入六門。 上流平定，誕之力也。 誕初討元凶，豫同舉兵，有奔牛之捷，至是又有殊勳。 上性多猜，頗相疑憚。 而誕造立第舍，窮極工巧，園池之美，冠于一時。 多聚材力之士實之。 第內精甲利器，莫非上品。 上意愈不平。
The next year Yixuan rebelled with the strength of Jing, Jiang, Yan, and Yu provinces. His momentum shook the realm. The emperor had recently taken the throne. Court and countryside were greatly afraid. The emperor wished to carry the imperial regalia to welcome Yixuan. Dan firmly held it impossible and said, "How can you hold this seat and give it to another? The emperor added Dan's credentials. Fifty armed men attended his passage through the six gates. Pacifying the upper Yangzi was Dan's achievement. Dan at first punished the crown prince assassin and jointly raised troops, had the victory at Benniu — and now again had extraordinary merit. The emperor by nature was much suspicious and quite feared and dreaded him. Yet Dan built residences to the utmost of craft and ingenuity. The beauty of gardens and ponds surpassed all of the time. He gathered many men of material strength to fill them. Within the residence fine armor and sharp weapons were none that were not top grade. The emperor's mind grew ever more displeased.
30
孝建二年，以司空太子太傅出為都督南徐州刺史。 上以京口去都密邇，猶疑之。
In Xiaojian 2 he was sent out as overall commander and governor of South Xu Province, Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince and Grand Minister of Works. The emperor because Jingkou was close and dense to the capital still suspected him.
31
大明元年秋，又出為南兗州刺史，加都督。 誕知見猜，亦潛為之備。 至廣陵，因魏侵邊，修城隍，聚糧練甲。 嫌隙既著，道路常雲誕反。
In the autumn of Daming 1 he was again sent out as governor of South Yan Province, with added overall command. Dan knew he was suspected and also secretly made preparations. Reaching Guangling, because Wei invaded the border he repaired walls and moats, gathered grain, and drilled armor. Suspicion and rift already clear, on the roads people constantly said Dan was rebelling.
32
三年，建康人陳文紹訴父饒為誕府史，恒使入山圖畫道路，不聽歸家。 誕大怒，使人殺饒。 吳郡人劉成又訴稱息道龍伏事誕，見誕在石頭城內修乘輿法物，習唱警蹕，向伴侶言之。 誕知，密捕殺道龍。 豫章人陳談之又上書稱弟詠之在誕左右，見誕與左右莊慶、傅元禮等潛圖奸逆，常疏陛下年紀姓諱，往巫鄭師憐家咒詛。 詠之與建康右尉黃達往來，誕疑其宣漏，誣以罪被殺。
In year 3 Chen Wenshao of Jiankang accused his father Rao, a clerk in Dan's household, of constantly being sent into the mountains to map roads and not being allowed to return home. Dan was greatly angered and sent men to kill Rao. Liu Cheng of Wu commandery also accused, saying his son Daolong secretly served Dan, saw Dan within Stone City repairing imperial regalia, practiced shouting the imperial guard, and told his companions. Dan learned of it and secretly seized and killed Daolong. Chen Tanzhi of Yuzhang also submitted a memorial saying his younger brother Yongzhi was at Dan's side, saw Dan with attendants Zhuang Qing, Fu Yuanli, and others secretly plotting treachery, constantly listing the emperor's age and tabooed name, going to the shaman Zheng Shilian's home to curse. Yongzhi had dealings with Right Commandant of Jiankang Huang Da. Dan suspected he leaked and falsely charged him with crime and killed him.
33
其年四月，上使有司奏誕罪惡，宜絕屬籍，削爵土，收付法獄。 上不許。 有司又固請，乃貶爵為侯，遣令之國。
That year in the fourth month the emperor had the relevant office memorialize Dan's crimes and wickedness — he should be cut from the clan register, stripped of rank and fief, and taken to the law prison. The emperor did not consent. The relevant office again firmly requested. He was then demoted in rank to marquis and ordered to go to his fief.
34
上將謀誕，以義興太守垣閬為兗州刺史，配以羽林禁兵。 遣給事中戴明寶隨閬襲誕，使閬以之鎮為名。 閬至廣陵，誕未悟也。 明寶夜報誕典簽蔣成使為內應，成以告府舍人許宗之，宗之告誕。 誕驚起，召錄事參軍王璵之曰：「我何罪於天，以至此。」 斬蔣成，勒兵自衛。 遣腹心率壯士擊明寶等破之，閬即遇害，明寶逃自海陵界還。
The emperor was about to plot against Dan and made Yuan Lang of Yixing governor of Yan Province, assigning Feathered Forest forbidden troops. He sent Palace Cadet Dai Mingbao to follow Lang in attacking Dan, having Lang use going to his post as pretext. Lang reached Guangling. Dan had not yet understood. Mingbao by night reported to Dan's registrar Jiang Cheng to act as inner response. Cheng told household officer Xu Zongzhi, and Zongzhi told Dan. Dan started up in alarm and summoned Recorder Wang Yuzhi, saying, "What crime have I against Heaven, to come to this? He beheaded Jiang Cheng and compelled troops to defend themselves. He sent trusted men leading stalwart warriors to attack Mingbao and others and defeat them. Lang was immediately killed, and Mingbao fled back by way of the Hailing border.
35
上遣車騎大將軍沈慶之討誕，誕奉表投之城外，自申于國無負，並言帝宮闈之醜。 孝武忿誕深切，凡誕左右腹心同籍期親並誅之，死者千數。 車駕出頓宣武堂，內外纂嚴。 誕見眾軍大集，欲棄城北走，行十餘里，眾並不欲去，請誕乃還城。
The emperor sent Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry Shen Qingzhi to punish Dan. Dan submitted a memorial thrown outside the wall, declaring himself not unfaithful to the state and also speaking of the ugliness within the imperial palace. Emperor Xiaowu hated Dan deeply. All Dan's trusted inner men of the same register and near kin were executed — the dead numbered in the thousands. The imperial carriage halted at Xuanwu Hall. Within and without strict guard was ordered. Dan, seeing the mass of armies gathered, wished to abandon the city and flee north. After going more than ten li the host all did not wish to leave and begged Dan — he then returned to the city.
36
五月十九日夜，有流星長十餘丈從西北來墜城內，是謂天狗。 占曰：「天狗所墜，下有伏屍流血。」 廣陵城舊不開南門，云：「開南門者不利其主」。 誕乃開焉。 彭城邵領宗在城內陰結死士欲襲誕，先欲布誠于慶之，乃說誕求為間構，見許。 領宗既出致誠畢，復還城內。 事泄，誕鞭二百，考問不伏，遂支解之。
On the night of the nineteenth day of the fifth month a meteor more than ten zhang long came from the northwest and fell within the city — this is called the Celestial Dog. The prognostication says, "Where the Celestial Dog falls, below there are hidden corpses and flowing blood. The old Guangling city did not open the south gate. They said, "Opening the south gate is unfavorable to its lord." Dan then opened it. Shao Lingzong of Pengcheng within the city secretly joined death-loyal men wishing to strike Dan. He first wished to show sincerity to Qingzhi and therefore urged Dan to request to act as agent — permission was granted. Lingzong having gone out and shown sincerity completely, returned again within the city. The affair leaked. Dan whipped him two hundred strokes, interrogated under torture but he would not confess, and therefore dismembered him.
37
上遣送章二紐：其一曰：「竟陵縣開國侯，食邑千戶」。 募賞禽誕。 其二曰：「建興縣開國男，食邑三百戶」。 募賞先登。 若克外城舉一烽，克內城舉二烽，禽誕舉三烽。
The emperor sent two seals. The first said, "Marquis of Jingling county, fief of one thousand households." Reward for capturing Dan. The second said, "Baron of Jianxing county, fief of three hundred households." Reward for first scaling the wall. If the outer city was taken one beacon was raised. If the inner city two. If Dan was captured three.
38
七月二日，慶之進軍，克其外城，乘勝又克小城。 誕聞軍入，走趣後園墜水，引出殺之，傳首建鄴，因葬廣陵，貶姓留氏。 帝命城中無大小悉斬，慶之執諫，自五尺以下全之，於是同黨悉伏誅。 城內女口為軍賞，男丁殺為京觀，死者尚數千人，每風晨雨夜有號哭之聲。 誕母殷、妻徐並自殺。 追贈殷長寧園淑妃。
On the second day of the seventh month Qingzhi advanced the army and took the outer city. Exploiting victory he also took the small city. Dan, hearing troops had entered, fled to the rear garden and fell into water. Pulled out he was killed. His head was sent to Jiankang. He was buried at Guangling and demoted in surname to Liu. The emperor ordered that within the city none great or small be spared execution. Qingzhi held and remonstrated — from five chi downward all were spared — and therefore fellow conspirators were all executed by law. Women within the city were taken as army reward. Male adults were killed to make a victory mound — the dead still numbered in the thousands. Every windy dawn and rainy night there were sounds of wailing. Dan's mother Yin and wife Xu both killed themselves. Yin was posthumously granted Consort Shu of Changning Garden.
39
初，誕為南徐州刺史，在京口，夜大風飛落屋瓦，城門鹿床倒覆，誕心惡之。 及遷鎮廣陵，將入城，沖風暴起，揚塵，晝晦。 又嘗中夜閑坐，有赤光照室，見者莫不駭愕。 誕左右侍直，眠中夢人告之曰：「官鬚髮為矟毦。」 既覺已失髻矣，如此者數十人。 誕甚怪懼。 大明二年，發人築廣陵城，誕循行，有人幹輿，揚聲大罵曰：「大兵尋至，何以辛苦百姓。」 誕使執之，問其本末。 答曰：「姓夷名孫，家在海陵。 天公與道佛先議，欲燒除此間人。 道佛苦諫，強得至今。 大禍將至，何不立六慎門。」 誕問：「六慎門雲何」？ 答曰：「古有言，禍不過六慎門。」 誕以其言狂悖，殺之。 又五音士忽狂易見鬼，驚怖啼哭曰：「外軍圍城，城上張白布帆。」 誕執錄二十餘日乃殺。 城陷之日，雲霧晦冥，白虹臨北門，亙屬城內。
Earlier when Dan was governor of South Xu Province at Jingkou, one night great wind blew down roof tiles. The city gate deer-bed overturned — Dan's heart was ill-disposed toward it. When he moved to garrison Guangling and was about to enter the city, a rushing wind suddenly rose and raised dust. Day was dim. He also once sat idle in the middle of the night. Red light illuminated the room — all who saw were startled. Dan's attendants on duty in sleep dreamed a man told them, "Your lord's hair and beard will become spear-bristle. When they awoke the topknot was already lost — thus for several dozen men. Dan was very strange and afraid. In Daming 2 men were sent to build the Guangling wall. Dan made the rounds. Someone in a dry cart shouted curses loudly, "Great armies will soon arrive — why toil the common people? Dan sent men to seize him and asked the whole story. He answered, "Surname Yi, given name Sun. Home at Hailing. The Lord of Heaven and Dao Buddha first discussed, wishing to burn and remove the people here. Dao Buddha bitterly remonstrated and by force obtained until today. Great calamity will soon arrive — why not establish the Six-Caution Gate? Dan asked, "What is the Six-Caution Gate?" He answered, "Antiquity has a saying — calamity does not pass the Six-Caution Gate. Dan because his words were mad and rebellious killed him. Also a five-tone master suddenly went mad and saw ghosts. In fright he wept and said, "Outer armies surround the city. On the walls white cloth sails are spread. Dan seized and held him more than twenty days then killed him. On the day the city fell clouds and mist were dark. A white rainbow lay over the north gate, spanning into the city.
40
八年，前廢帝即位，義陽王昶為徐州刺史，道經廣陵，至墓盡哀，表請改葬誕。 詔葬誕及妻子並以庶人禮。 明帝泰始四年，又改葬，祭以少牢。
In year 8, when the Former Deposed Emperor took the throne, Prince Chang of Yiyang was governor of Xu Province. Passing Guangling he mourned fully at the tomb and memorialized requesting reburial for Dan. An edict ordered burial of Dan and wife and children all by commoner rites. In Taishi 4 of Emperor Ming they were again reburied. Sacrifice was by young bullock.
41
王璵之，琅邪人，有才局。 其五子悉在建鄴。 璵之嘗乘城，慶之縛其五子，示而招之，許以富貴。 璵之曰：「吾受主王厚恩，不可以二心。 三十之年，未獲死所耳，安可以私親誘之。」 五子號叫于外，呼其父。 及城平，慶之悉撲殺之。
Wang Yuzhi was a man of Langya, talented and capable. His five sons were all in Jiankang. Yuzhi once mounted the wall. Qingzhi bound his five sons, displayed them and summoned him, promising wealth and rank. Yuzhi said, "I received deep grace from my lord prince — I cannot have two hearts. Thirty years and I have not yet obtained a place to die — how can I be tempted by private kin? The five sons wailed outside, calling their father. When the city was pacified Qingzhi beat them all to death.
42
建平宣簡王宏字休度，文帝第七子也。 早喪母。 元嘉二十一年，年十一，封建平王。 宏少而閑素，篤好文籍，文帝寵愛殊常，為立第於雞籠山，盡山水之美。 建平國職高他國一階，歷位中護軍，中書令。
Prince Xuanjian of Jianping, Hong, styled Xiudu, was Emperor Wen's seventh son. He lost his mother early. In Yuanjia 21, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed Prince of Jianping. Hong from youth was quiet and plain and deeply loved literary works. Emperor Wen favored and loved him exceptionally and built a residence for him at Jilong Mountain with the utmost beauty of mountains and waters. The Jianping state staff rank was one step higher than other states. He successively held Central Guard General and Director of the Secretariat.
43
元凶弑立，孝武入討，劭錄宏殿內，自拔莫由。 孝武先嘗以一手板與巨集，巨集遣左右親信周法道齎手板詣孝武。 事平，以為尚書左僕射，使迎太后。 還加中軍將軍、中書監。 為人謙儉周慎，禮賢接士，明達政事，上甚信仗之。 轉尚書令。 宏少多病，求解尚書令。 以本號開府儀同三司，未拜薨。 追贈司徒。 上痛悼甚至，每朔望出臨靈，自為墓誌銘並誄。 五年，益諸弟國各千戶，薨者不在其例，唯宏追益。 子景素嗣。
When the crown prince assassin usurped the throne and Emperor Xiaowu entered to punish him, Shao recorded Hong within the hall and he could not escape by himself. Emperor Xiaowu had once given Hong a hand-board. Hong sent his close attendant Zhou Fadao to carry the hand-board to Emperor Xiaowu. When affairs were settled he was made Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and sent to welcome the Empress Dowager. On return he was added Central Army General and Director of the Secretariat. As a man he was humble, frugal, thorough, and careful, honored the worthy and received gentlemen, clear in governance — the emperor greatly trusted and relied on him. He was transferred Director of the Masters of Writing. Hong from youth was often ill and requested relief from Director of the Masters of Writing. With his original title and Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat he had not yet accepted appointment when he died. He was posthumously granted Grand Minister of Works. The emperor grieved and mourned extremely. Every new moon and full moon he went out to attend the spirit, himself composing the tomb inscription and eulogy. In year 5 the younger brothers' states were each increased by one thousand households. The dead were not in the rule — only Hong was posthumously increased. His son Jingsu succeeded.
44
景素少有父風，位南徐州刺史，加都督。 桂陽王休範為逆，景素雖纂集兵眾以赴朝廷為名，而陰懷兩端。 及事平，進號鎮北將軍。
Jingsu from youth had his father's manner. He held the post governor of South Xu Province, with added overall command. When Prince Xiufan of Guiyang rebelled, Jingsu though he gathered troops in the name of rushing to aid the court secretly harbored two minds. When affairs were settled he was promoted General Who Pacifies the North.
45
景素好文章書籍，招集才義之士，以收名譽，由是朝野屬意。 而後廢帝狂凶失道，內外皆謂景素宜當神器； 唯廢帝所生陳氏親戚疾忌之，而楊運長、阮佃夫並明帝舊隸，貪幼主以久其權，慮景素立，不見容於長主，深相忌憚。
Jingsu loved literary works and books, gathered men of talent and righteousness, and thereby collected reputation — hence court and countryside looked to him. Yet the Former Deposed Emperor was mad and brutal and lost the Way. Within and without all said Jingsu ought to receive the divine vessel. Only the Former Deposed Emperor's birth-mother Chen clansmen hated and envied this, while Yang Yunchang and Ruan Tianfu were both Emperor Ming's old retainers — greedy for a young sovereign to prolong their power, they feared if Jingsu were established they would not be tolerated by a long-reigning lord and deeply suspected and dreaded him.
46
元徽三年，景素防合將軍王季符恨景素，因奔告之。 運長等便欲遣軍討之。 齊高帝及衛將軍袁粲以下並保持之，景素亦馳遣世子延齡還都，具自申理。 運長等乃徙季符于梁州，又奪景素鎮北將軍、開府儀同三司。 自是廢帝狂悖日甚，朝野並屬心景素。 陳氏及運長等彌相猜疑。 景素因此稍為自防之計，多以金帛結材力之士。 時大臣誅夷，孝武諸子孫或殺或廢，無復在朝者。 且景素在蕃甚得人心，而謗聲日積，深懷憂懼。 嘗與故吏劉璡獨處曲台，有鵲集於承塵上，飛鳴相追。 景素泫然曰：「若斯鳥者，游則參於風煙之上，止則隱于林木之下，饑則啄，渴則飲，形體無累於物，得失不關於心，一何樂哉。」 時廢帝單馬獨出，遊走郊野。 輔國將軍曹欣之等謀候廢帝出行，因聚眾作難，事克，奉景素。 景素每禁之，未欲匆匆舉動。 運長密遣傖人周天賜偽投景素勸為異計，景素知即斬之，送首還台。
In Yuanhui 3, Jingsu's Defense and Combine General Wang Jifu resented Jingsu and therefore fled to report him. Yunchang and others then wished to send troops to punish him. Emperor Gao of Qi and General of the Guard Yuan Can and those below all preserved him. Jingsu also hastily sent his heir Yanling back to the capital to declare himself fully. Yunchang and others then transferred Jifu to Liang Province and also stripped Jingsu of General Who Pacifies the North and Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat. From this the Former Deposed Emperor's madness grew daily. Court and countryside both set their hearts on Jingsu. The Chen clansmen and Yunchang and others ever more mutually suspected. Jingsu therefore gradually made plans for self-defense, often using gold and silk to bind men of material strength. At the time great ministers were executed and purged. Emperor Xiaowu's sons and grandsons were either killed or deposed — none remained at court. Moreover Jingsu at his feudatory greatly won people's hearts, while slanderous voices daily accumulated — he deeply harbored worry and fear. He once was alone with former clerk Liu Lin at Qu Terrace. Magpies gathered on the canopy beam, flying and calling in pursuit. Jingsu said with tears, "Birds like these roam joining the wind and mist above, rest hiding in forest and trees below, hunger then peck, thirst then drink — the body unburdened by things, gain and loss unrelated to the heart — how joyful! At the time the Former Deposed Emperor rode alone out, roaming the suburbs and wilds. Assistant General Cao Xinzhi and others plotted to wait for the Former Deposed Emperor to go out, then gather troops and make trouble. If successful, they would install Jingsu. Jingsu always forbade it and did not wish to act in haste. Yunchang secretly sent a barbarian Zhou Tiansi falsely to join Jingsu and urge a separate plot. Jingsu knew and immediately beheaded him and sent the head back to the capital.
47
四年七月，羽林監垣祗祖奔景素，言台城已潰。 景素信之，即舉兵。 運長等常疑景素有異志，即纂嚴。 景素本乏威略，不知所為，竟為台軍破，斬之。 即葬京口。
In the seventh month of year 4 Feathered Forest Supervisor Yuan Zhizu fled to Jingsu, saying the palace city had already collapsed. Jingsu believed it and immediately raised troops. Yunchang and others had always suspected Jingsu of a separate intent and immediately ordered strict guard. Jingsu by nature lacked prestige and strategy, did not know what to do, and in the end was broken by capital troops and beheaded. He was immediately buried at Jingkou.
48
廬江王褘字休秀，文帝第八子也。 元嘉二十二年，年十一，封東海王。 大明七年，進位司空。 明帝踐阼，進太尉，封廬江王。 初，廢帝目褘似驢，上以廢帝之言類，故改封焉。
Prince Hui of Lujiang, styled Xiuxiu, was Emperor Wen's eighth son. In Yuanjia 22, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed Prince of Donghai. In Daming 7 he was promoted Grand Minister of Works. When Emperor Ming took the throne he was promoted Grand Marshal and enfeoffed Prince of Lujiang. Earlier the Former Deposed Emperor said Hui looked like a donkey. The emperor because the Former Deposed Emperor's words were of that kind therefore changed the enfeoffment.
49
廢帝既誅群公，彌縱狂惑，常語左右曰：「我即大位來，遂未戒嚴，使人邑邑。」 江夏王義恭誅後，昶表求入朝，遣典簽蘧法生銜使。 帝謂法生：「義陽與太宰謀反，我政欲討之，今知求還，甚善。」 又問法生：「義陽謀反，何不啟？」 法生懼，走還彭城，帝因此北討。 法生至，昶即起兵，統內諸郡並不受命。 昶知事不捷，乃夜開門奔魏，棄母妻，唯攜妾一人，作丈夫服騎馬自隨。 在道慷慨為斷句曰：「白雲滿鄣來，黃塵半天起。 關山四面絕，故鄉幾千里。」 因把姬手南望慟哭，左右莫不哀哽。 每節悲慟，遙拜其母。
After the Former Deposed Emperor executed the high ministers he ever more indulged madness and delusion. He often told attendants, "Since I took the great throne I have never ordered strict guard — it makes one depressed. After Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was executed, Chang memorialized requesting entry to court. He sent registrar Qu Fasheng bearing the mission. The emperor told Fasheng, "Prince Chang of Yiyang and the Grand Preceptor plot rebellion — I am just about to punish them. Now knowing he asks to return is very good. He also asked Fasheng, "Prince Chang of Yiyang plots rebellion — why did you not report?" Fasheng was afraid, fled back to Pengcheng, and the emperor therefore marched north to punish. When Fasheng arrived Chang immediately raised troops. All commanderies within his jurisdiction refused orders. Chang knew the affair would not succeed. He therefore opened the gate by night and fled to Wei, abandoning mother and wife, taking only one concubine, dressed as a man riding horse and following himself. On the road he composed broken lines in high spirit: "White clouds fill the barrier and come; yellow dust rises to half the sky. Passes and mountains cut off on four sides; homeland how many thousand li. He therefore took his concubine's hand, looked south and wailed. Attendants none who did not sob choked. At each stop he mourned in grief and from afar bowed to his mother.
50
武昌王渾字休深，文帝第十子也。 元嘉二十四年，年九歲，封汝陰王。 後徙武昌。
Prince Hun of Wuchang, styled Xiushen, was Emperor Wen's tenth son. In Yuanjia 24, at age nine, he was enfeoffed Prince of Ruyin. Later he was moved to Wuchang.
51
渾少而凶戾，嘗忿左右，拔防身刀斫之。 元凶弑立，以為中書令。 山陵夕，裸身露頭往散騎省戲，因彎弓射通直郎周朗中枕，以為笑樂。
Hun from youth was fierce and cruel. He once grew angry at attendants and drew his personal blade to hack them. When the crown prince assassin usurped the throne he was made Director of the Secretariat. On the night of the imperial tomb he went naked with head uncovered to the Palace Cadet office to play, bent bow and shot Direct Attendant Gentleman Zhou Lang in the pillow, taking it as laughter and joy.
52
建安王休仁，文帝第十二子也。 元嘉二十九年，年十歲，立為建安王。 前廢帝景和元年，累遷護軍將軍。 時帝狂悖無道，誅害群公，忌憚諸父，並聚之殿內，驅捶陵曳，無復人理。 休仁及明帝、山陽王休佑形體並肥壯，帝乃以籠盛稱之，以明帝尤肥，號為豬王。 號休仁為殺王，休佑為賊王。 以三王年長，尤所畏憚，故常錄以自近，不離左右。 東海王褘凡劣，號之驢王。 桂陽王休范、巴陵王休若年少，故並得從容。 嘗以木槽盛飯，內諸雜食，攪令和合，掘地為坑阱，實之以泥水。 裸明帝內坑中，以槽食置前，令以口就槽中食之，用為歡笑。 欲害明帝及休仁、休佑，前後以十數。 休仁多計數，每以笑調佞諛詶悅之，故得推遷。 常於休仁前，使左右淫逼休仁所生楊太妃。 左右並不得已順命，至右衛將軍劉道隆，道隆歡以奉旨，盡諸醜狀。 時廷尉劉蒙妾孕臨月，帝迎入後宮，冀其生男，欲立為太子。 明帝嘗忤旨，帝怒，乃裸之，縛其手腳，以杖貫手腳內，使擔付太官，即日屠豬。 休仁笑謂帝曰：「未應死。」 帝問其故，休仁曰：「待皇太子生，殺豬取肝肺。」 帝意解，曰：「且付廷尉。」 一宿出之。
Prince Xiuren of Jian'an was Emperor Wen's twelfth son. In Yuanjia 29, at age ten, he was established Prince of Jian'an. In Jinghe 1 of the Former Deposed Emperor he was successively promoted General of the Guard. At the time the emperor was mad and brutal and without the Way, executed and harmed the high ministers, dreaded and feared the uncles, gathered them all within the hall, drove, beat, humiliated, and dragged them — no longer human reason. Xiuren and Emperor Ming and Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang were all stout in body. The emperor therefore used cages to weigh them — because Emperor Ming was especially fat, he called him Pig Prince. He called Xiuren Kill-Prince and Xiuyou Thief-Prince. Because the three princes were older he especially feared and dreaded them and therefore always kept them recorded near himself, not leaving his side. Prince Hui of Donghai was altogether inferior — he called him Donkey-Prince. Prince Xiufan of Guiyang and Prince Ai of Baling Xiuruo were young and therefore all obtained ease. He once used a wooden trough to hold rice, put in various foods, stirred to mix together, dug a pit trap in the ground and filled it with mud and water. He stripped Emperor Ming naked and put him in the pit, placed the trough food before him, ordered him to eat from the trough with his mouth — taking it as merry laughter. He wished to harm Emperor Ming and Xiuren and Xiuyou — before and after by the tens. Xiuren was much scheming. He always used jest, flattery, and fawning to repay and please him — therefore he obtained promotion. He often before Xiuren had attendants forcibly violate Xiuren's birth-mother Consort Yang. Attendants all had no choice but to obey — up to Right Guard General Liu Daolong, who gladly followed the order and exhausted every ugly act. At the time Court Commandant Liu Meng's concubine was pregnant near term. The emperor welcomed her into the rear palace, hoping she would bear a son and wishing to establish him crown prince. Emperor Ming once went against the order. The emperor was angry and stripped him naked, bound hands and feet, ran a staff through hands and feet, had him shouldered and delivered to the Imperial Kitchen — that same day to butcher like a pig. Xiuren laughed and told the emperor, "He should not die yet. The emperor asked the reason. Xiuren said, "Wait until the crown prince is born, then kill the pig and take liver and lungs." The emperor's mind eased and he said, "For now deliver him to the Court Commandant." One night he was released.
53
帝將南游荊、湘二州，明旦欲殺諸父便發，其夕被殺于華林園。 休仁即日便執臣禮於明帝。 時南平王敬猷、廬陵王敬先兄弟被害，猶未殯斂，休仁、休佑同載臨之，開帷歡笑，鼓吹往反，時人咸非焉。
The emperor was about to travel south to Jing and Xiang provinces. The next morning he wished to kill the uncles then depart — that same evening he was killed in Hualin Garden. Xiuren that same day immediately performed subject rites before Emperor Ming. At the time Prince Jingyou of Nanping and Prince Jingxian of Lujiang brothers had been killed but not yet encoffined. Xiuren and Xiuyou rode together to attend them, opened the curtain and laughed merrily, music going back and forth — people of the time all condemned it.
54
明帝以休仁為侍中、司徒、尚書令、揚州刺史，給三望車。 時劉道隆為護軍，休仁求解職，曰：「臣不得與此人同朝。」 上乃賜道隆死。 尋諸方逆命，休仁都督征討諸軍事，增班劍為三十人，出據獸檻，進赭圻。 尋領太子太傅，總統諸軍。 中流平定，休仁之力也。 明帝初與蘇侯神結為兄弟，以祈福助。 及事平，與休仁書曰：「此段殊得蘇兄神力。」
Emperor Ming made Xiuren Palace Attendant, Grand Minister of Works, director of the Masters of Writing, and governor of Yangzhou, giving three imperial-view carriages. At the time Liu Daolong was General of the Guard. Xiuren requested relief from office saying, "I cannot be at court with this man. The emperor therefore granted Daolong death. Shortly rebellions arose in all directions. Xiuren was made overall commander of punitive campaigns, with ceremonial swords increased to thirty. He went out to hold Beast Cage and advanced to Zhuji. Shortly he held Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince and commanded all armies. Pacifying the middle Yangzi was Xiuren's achievement. Emperor Ming at first with Lord Su formed brotherhood to seek blessing and aid. When affairs were settled he wrote to Xiuren, "This stretch truly obtained Elder Brother Su's divine power."
55
休仁年與明帝相亞，俱好文籍，素相愛。 及廢帝世，同經艱危，明帝又資其權譎之力。 泰始初，四方逆命，休仁親當矢石，大勳克建，任總百揆，親寄甚隆，四方輻湊。 上甚不悅。 休仁悟其旨，表解揚州，見許。 進位太尉，領司徒，固讓。 又加漆輪車，劍履升殿。 受漆輪車，固辭劍履。
Xiuren's age was close to Emperor Ming's. Both loved literary works and from of old loved each other. In the Former Deposed Emperor's era they together underwent hardship and peril. Emperor Ming also relied on his crafty scheming power. At the beginning of Taishi, rebellions arose in all directions. Xiuren personally faced arrows and stones, built great merit, held the hundred offices, and received intimate trust very grand — all directions converged like wheel spokes. The emperor was very displeased. Xiuren understood his intent and memorialized to relinquish Yangzhou — permission was granted. He was promoted Grand Marshal and held Grand Minister of Works — he firmly declined. Lacquered wheel carriage was also added, with sword and shoes ascending the hall. He accepted the lacquered wheel carriage and firmly declined sword and shoes.
56
明帝末年多忌，休仁轉不自安。 及殺晉平王休佑，其年上疾篤，與楊運長為身後計。 運長等又慮帝晏駕後，休仁一旦居周公之地，其輩不得執權，彌贊成上使害諸王。 及上疾暴甚，內外皆屬意休仁。 主書以下皆往東府詣休仁所親信，豫自結納。 其或直不得出者皆懼。 上與運長等定謀，召休仁入宿尚書下省，其夜遣人齎藥賜休仁死，休仁對使者罵曰：「上有天下，誰之功也。 孝武以誅子孫而至於滅，令復遵覆車，枉殺兄弟，奈何忠臣抱此冤濫！ 我大宋之業，其能久乎。」 上疾久，慮人情同異，自力乘輿出端門，休仁死後乃入。 詔稱其自殺，宥其二子，並全封爵。 有司奏請降休仁為庶人，絕屬籍，兒息悉徙遠郡。 詔休仁特降為始安縣王，並停子伯融等流徙，聽襲封爵。 及帝疾甚，見休仁為祟，叫曰：「司徒小寬我。」 尋崩。 伯融，妃殷氏所生。 殷氏，吳興太守沖女也。 范陽祖翻有醫術，姿貌又美，殷氏有疾，翻入視脈，悅之，遂與奸。 事泄，遣還家賜死。 晉平刺王休佑，文帝第十三子也。 孝建二年，年十一，封山陽王。 明帝即位，以山陽荒弊，改封晉平王，位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史。
In Emperor Ming's later years he was much suspicious. Xiuren turned ever less secure. When Prince Ci of Jinping Xiuyou was killed, that year the emperor's illness was grave and he with Yang Yunchang made plans for after death. Yunchang and others also feared that after the emperor's death Xiuren might one day occupy the Duke of Zhou's place — their faction would not hold power — and ever more praised and accomplished the emperor's harming the princes. When the emperor's illness suddenly worsened, within and without all set their hearts on Xiuren. Chief clerks and below all went to the Eastern Headquarters to visit Xiuren's trusted men and beforehand joined themselves. Those who could not go out on duty were all afraid. The emperor with Yunchang and others fixed the plot, summoned Xiuren to lodge overnight in the lower quarters of the Masters of Writing. That night sent men bearing medicine to grant Xiuren death. Xiuren cursed the envoy, "The realm above — whose achievement was it? Emperor Xiaowu reached extinction by executing sons and grandsons — now again following the overturned cart, wrongly killing brothers — how can loyal ministers bear this wrongful flood! Can the great enterprise of our Great Song long endure? The emperor's illness was long. He feared people's hearts would differ and alike. By force he rode the carriage out End Gate — only after Xiuren's death did he enter. An edict said he had killed himself, pardoned his two sons, and fully preserved enfeoffment. The relevant office memorialize requesting demotion of Xiuren to commoner, cut from clan register, sons and heirs all exiled to distant commanderies. An edict specially demoted Xiuren to Prince of Shi'an county and stopped exile of his son Borong and others, permitting succession to enfeoffment. When the emperor's illness was grave he saw Xiuren as an apparition and cried, "Grand Minister of Works, spare me a little. Shortly he died. Borong — Consort Yin bore him. Lady Yin was daughter of Governor of Wuxing Chong. Zu Fan of Fanyang had medical skill and his appearance was also beautiful. Lady Yin had illness — Fan entered to feel the pulse, was pleased with her, and therefore had illicit relations. When the affair leaked he was sent home and granted death. Prince Ci of Jinping, Xiuyou, was Emperor Wen's thirteenth son. In Xiaojian 2, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed Prince of Shanyang. When Emperor Ming took the throne, because Shanyang was wasted and impoverished he was changed to Prince of Jinping, holding General of Agile Cavalry, Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat, and governor of Jingzhou.
57
休佑素無才能，強梁自用。 大明之世，不得自專，至是貪淫好財色，在荊州多營財貨。 以短錢一百賦人，田登就求白米一斛，米粒皆令徹白； 若碎折者悉不受。 人間糴此米一斗一百。 至時又不受米，評米責錢，凡諸求利皆如此。 百姓嗷然，不復堪命。 徵為南徐州刺史，加都督。 上以休佑貪虐，不可蒞人，留之都下，遣上佐行府州事。
Xiuyou by nature had no talent and was overbearing and self-willed. In the Daming era he could not act on his own. Reaching this time he was greedy, lecherous, and fond of wealth and beauty. In Jingzhou he greatly amassed goods. With short cash of one hundred he assessed the people. When fields ripened he demanded white rice one hu, every grain required thoroughly white. If broken or crushed none was accepted. Among the people this rice sold for one hundred cash per dou. When due he again would not accept rice, assessed rice and charged cash — all seeking profit was thus. The common people clamored and could no longer bear the burden. He was summoned as governor of South Xu Province, with added overall command. The emperor because Xiuyou was greedy and cruel and could not govern people kept him in the capital and sent senior aides to conduct prefectural and princely affairs.
58
休佑狠戾，前後忤上非一。 在荊州時，左右范景達善彈棋，上召之，休佑留不遣。 上怒詰責之，且慮休佑將來難制，欲方便除之。 七年二月，車駕於岩山射雉，有一雉不肯入場，日暮將反，留休佑射之，令不得雉勿歸。 休佑時從在黃麾內，左右從者並在部伍後。 休佑便馳去，上遣左右數人隨之。 上既還，前驅清道，休佑人從悉散，不復相得。 上遣壽寂之等諸壯士追之，日已欲闇，與休佑相及，蹴令墜馬。 休佑素勇壯，有氣力，奮拳左右排擊，莫得近。 有一人自後引陰，因頓地，即共拉殺之。 遣人馳白上，行唱驃騎落馬，上聞驚曰：「驃騎體大，落馬殊不易。」 即遣御醫上藥相系至，頃之休佑左右人至，久已絕矣。 輿以還第，贈司空。 時巴陵王休若在江陵，其日即馳信報休若曰：「吾與驃騎南山射雉，驃騎馬驚，與直閣夏文秀馬相蹋，文秀墮地，驃騎失控，馬重驚，觸松樹墜地落硎中，時頓悶，故馳報弟。」 其年五月，追免休佑為庶人，十三子並徙晉平。 明帝尋病，見休佑為祟，使使至晉平撫其諸子。 帝尋崩。 廢帝元徽元年，聽諸子還都。 順帝升明三年，稱謀反，並賜死。 海陵王休茂，文帝第十四子也。 孝建二年，年十一，封海陵王。 大明二年，為雍州刺史，加都督、北中郎將、甯蠻校尉。 時司馬庾深之行府州事，休茂性急欲自專，深之及主帥每禁之。 常懷忿，因左右張伯超至所親愛，多罪過，主帥常加訶責。 伯超懼罪，謂休茂曰：「主帥密疏官罪，欲以啟聞。」 休茂曰：「今為何計？」 伯超曰：「唯殺行事及主帥，舉兵自衛，縱不成，不失入虜中為王。」 休茂從之，夜使伯超等殺司馬庾深之，集兵建牙馳檄。 休茂出城行營，諮議參軍沈暢之等閉門拒之。 城陷，斬暢之。 其日，參軍尹玄度起兵攻休茂，禽之，斬首。 母妻皆自殺，同黨悉伏誅。 有司奏絕休茂屬籍，貶姓為留，不許。 即葬襄陽。
Xiuyou was fierce and cruel. Before and after he went against the emperor not once. When in Jingzhou, his attendant Fan Jingda was skilled at pitch-pot. The emperor summoned him — Xiuyou kept him and did not send him. The emperor angrily interrogated and reproached him and also feared Xiuyou would in future be hard to control and wished conveniently to remove him. In the second month of year 7 the imperial carriage at Yanshan shot pheasants. One pheasant would not enter the field. At dusk about to return he kept Xiuyou to shoot it and ordered that without obtaining the pheasant he must not return. Xiuyou at the time followed within the yellow banner. Attendants and followers were all behind the ranks. Xiuyou then galloped away. The emperor sent several attendants to follow. The emperor had already returned. The vanguard cleared the road. Xiuyou's followers all scattered and could no longer be found together. The emperor sent stalwart men including Shou Jizhi to pursue. The sun was about to set when they caught Xiuyou. They kicked and made him fall from the horse. Xiuyou by nature was brave and stout, with strength. He swung fists left and right beating aside — none could approach. One man from behind pulled his genitals. He therefore fell to the ground — they together dragged and killed him. Men were sent galloping to report the emperor, proclaiming along the way that the General of Agile Cavalry had fallen from his horse. The emperor hearing was startled and said, "The General of Agile Cavalry has a large body — falling from a horse is especially not easy. He immediately sent imperial physicians with medicine in succession. Shortly Xiuyou's attendants arrived — long already dead. He was carried in a litter back to the residence. Posthumously granted Grand Minister of Works. At the time Prince Ai of Baling Xiuruo was at Jiangling. That same day he galloped a message reporting to Xiuruo, "I with the General of Agile Cavalry shot pheasants at South Mountain. The General of Agile Cavalry's horse was startled, and Direct Attendant Xia Wenxiu's horse trampled it. Wenxiu fell to the ground. The General of Agile Cavalry lost control. The horse was again startled, struck a pine tree and fell into a stone trough. For a time he was stunned — therefore I galloped to report, younger brother. That year in the fifth month he posthumously stripped Xiuyou to commoner. Thirteen sons were all exiled to Jinping. Emperor Ming soon fell ill and saw Xiuyou as an apparition. He sent envoys to Jinping to comfort his sons. The emperor shortly died. In Yuanhui 1 of the Former Deposed Emperor permission was granted for the sons to return to the capital. In Shengming 3 of Emperor Shun they were charged with plotting rebellion and all granted death. Prince Xiumao of Hailing was Emperor Wen's fourteenth son. In Xiaojian 2, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed Prince of Hailing. In Daming 2 he became governor of Yong Province, with added overall command, General of the North Center, and Protector Who Pacifies the Barbarians. At the time Marshal Yu Shenzhi conducted prefectural and princely affairs. Xiumao was impatient and wished to act on his own — Shenzhi and the commanders always restrained him. He constantly harbored resentment. Because attendant Zhang Bochao was one he intimately loved and had many faults, the commanders often added reproach. Bochao feared punishment and told Xiumao, "The commanders secretly memorialize Your Highness's crimes, wishing to report to the throne. Xiumao said, "What plan now?" Bochao said, "Only kill the acting officer and commanders, raise troops and defend ourselves — even if unsuccessful, we lose nothing by entering the barbarians to be kings." Xiumao followed this. By night he had Bochao and others kill Marshal Yu Shenzhi, gathered troops, raised the standard, and galloped the proclamation. Xiumao went out of the city to conduct camp. Advisory Attendant Shen Changzhi and others closed the gate and resisted. The city fell. Changzhi was beheaded. That day Attendant Yin Xuandu raised troops to attack Xiumao, captured him, and beheaded him. Mother and wife both killed themselves. Fellow conspirators were all executed by law. The relevant office memorialize cutting Xiumao from the clan register and demoting surname to Liu — not permitted. He was immediately buried at Xiangyang.
59
鄱陽哀王休業，文帝第十五子也。 孝建二年，年十一，封鄱陽王。 三年薨，以山陽王休佑次子士弘嗣，被廢國除。
Prince Ai of Poyang, Xiuye, was Emperor Wen's fifteenth son. In Xiaojian 2, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed Prince of Poyang. In year 3 he died. Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang's second son Shihong succeeded. When deposed the state was abolished. Prince Chong of Linqing, Xiuqian, was Emperor Wen's sixteenth son.
60
臨慶沖王休倩，文帝第十六子也。 孝建元年，年九歲，疾篤，封東平王，未拜，薨。 大明七年，立第二十七皇子子嗣為東平王，紹休倩。 泰始三年還本，遂絕。 六年，以第五皇子智井為東平王，繼休倩，未拜，薨。 其年，追改休倩為臨慶王。 休倩為文帝所愛，故前後屢加紹嗣。
In Xiaojian 1, at age nine, gravely ill, he was enfeoffed Prince of Dongping — before investiture he died. In Daming 7 the twenty-seventh imperial son Zisi was established Prince of Dongping to succeed Xiuqian. In Taishi 3 he returned to his original line — thus ended. In year 6 the fifth imperial son Zhijing was made Prince of Dongping to succeed Xiuqian — before investiture he died. That year Xiuqian was posthumously changed to Prince of Linqing. Xiuqian was loved by Emperor Wen — therefore succession was repeatedly added before and after. Prince Huai of Xinye, Yifu, was Emperor Wen's seventeenth son.
61
新野懷王夷父，文帝第十七子也。 元嘉二十九年薨，明帝泰始五年，追加封諡。
He died in Yuanjia 29. In Taishi 5 of Emperor Ming enfeoffment and posthumous title were added. Emperor Gao of Qi went out and halted at Xinting rampart.
62
齊高帝出次新亭壘。 時事起倉卒，朝廷兵力甚弱，及開武庫，隨將士意取。 休范于新林步上攻新亭壘。 屯騎校尉黃回乃偽往降，並宣齊高帝意。 休範大悅，置之左右。 休范壯士李恒、鍾爽進諫不宜親之，休範曰：「不欺人以信。」 時休範日飲醇酒，以二子德宣、德嗣付與齊高帝為質，至即斬之。 回與越騎校尉張敬兒直前斬休範首持還，左右並散。
Affairs arose in haste. Court military strength was very weak. When the armory was opened the officers and soldiers took as they wished. Xiufan from Xinlin steps attacked Xinting rampart. Xiufan from Xinlin steps attacked Xinting rampart. Colonel of the Palace Riders Huang Hui then falsely went to surrender and also proclaimed Emperor Gao of Qi's intent. Xiufan was greatly pleased and placed him at his side. Xiufan's stalwart Li Heng and Zhong Shuang advanced remonstrance that he should not be intimate with him. Xiufan said, "I do not deceive people — that is trust. At the time Xiufan daily drank strong wine. He entrusted his two sons Dexuan and Desi to Emperor Gao of Qi as hostages — upon arrival they were immediately beheaded. Hui with Colonel of the Rapid Cavalry Zhang Jinger went straight forward and beheaded Xiufan, holding the head and returning — attendants all scattered.
63
初，休范自新林分遣同黨杜墨蠡、丁文豪等直向朱雀門。 休範雖死，墨蠡等不知。 王道隆率羽林兵在朱雀門內，聞賊至，急召劉勉，勉自石頭來赴戰，死之。 墨蠡等乘勝直入朱雀門，道隆為亂兵所殺。 墨蠡等唱云：「太尉至」。 休范之死也，齊高帝遣隊主陳靈寶齎首還台，逢賊，埋首道側，挺身得達。 雖唱雲已平，而無以為據，眾愈疑惑。 墨蠡徑至杜姥宅，宮省恇擾，無復固志。 撫軍長史褚澄以東府納賊。 賊擁安成王據東府，稱休範教曰：「安成王吾子也，勿得侵。」 賊勢方逼，眾莫能振。 尋而丁文豪之眾知休範已死，稍欲退散。 文豪勇氣殊壯，厲聲曰：「我獨不能定天下邪。」 休範首至，又羽林監陳顯達率所領于杜姥宅破墨蠡等，諸賊一時奔散。 斬墨蠡、文豪等。 晉熙王燮自夏口遣軍平尋陽。
Earlier Xiufan from Xinlin separately sent fellow conspirators Du Molí and Ding Wenhao and others straight toward Vermilion Bird Gate. Though Xiufan was dead, Molí and others did not know. Wang Daolong led Feathered Forest troops within Vermilion Bird Gate. Hearing bandits had arrived he urgently summoned Liu Mian. Mian came from Stone City to join battle and died. Molí and others exploited victory and straight entered Vermilion Bird Gate. Daolong was killed by mutinous troops. Molí and others proclaimed, "The Grand Marshal has arrived." When Xiufan died Emperor Gao of Qi sent Company Commander Chen Lingbao bearing the head back to the capital. Meeting bandits he buried the head beside the road and by body alone reached. Though they proclaimed it was already pacified, there was nothing to serve as proof — the host grew ever more doubtful. Molí went straight to Old Du's residence. Palace offices were alarmed and confused — no longer fixed will. Chief Clerk of the Pacification Army Chu Cheng with the Eastern Headquarters admitted the bandits. The bandits supported Prince of Ancheng and held the Eastern Headquarters, proclaiming Xiufan's order, "Prince of Ancheng is my son — do not harm. Bandit momentum was just pressing. The host none could rouse. Shortly Ding Wenhao's host learned Xiufan was already dead and gradually wished to retreat and scatter. Wenhao's courage was exceptionally stout. He said harshly, "Can I alone not settle the realm? When Xiufan's head arrived, also Feathered Forest Supervisor Chen Xianda led those under his command at Old Du's residence to break Molí and others — all bandits at once fled scattered. Molí, Wenhao, and others were beheaded. In year 4 he was changed to acting governor of Xiang Province.
64
四年，改行湘州刺史。 六年，為荊州刺史，加都督、征西大將軍、開府儀同三司。 七年，晉平王休佑被殺，建安王休仁見疑，都下訛言休若有至貴之表，明帝以此言報之。 休若甚憂，嘗眾賓滿坐，有一異鳥集席隅，哀鳴墜地死。 又聽事上有二大白蛇長丈餘，唅唅有聲。 休若甚惡之。
In year 6 he became governor of Jing Province, with added overall command, Grand General Who Conquers the West, and Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat. In year 7 Prince Xiuyou of Jinping was killed and Prince Xiuren of Jian'an was suspected. In the capital false reports said Xiuruo had a prophecy of supreme honor — Emperor Ming because of this speech reported it to him. Xiuruo was very worried. Once with guests filling the seats a strange bird gathered at the corner of the mat, mourned and fell dead to the ground. Also on the audience hall were two great white serpents more than one zhang long, humming with sound. Xiuruo was very ill-disposed toward it. He was then summoned as governor of South Xu Province, with added overall command and Grand General Who Conquers the North, office as before.
65
會被徵為南徐州刺史，加都督、征北大將軍，開府如故。 休若腹心將佐咸謂還朝必有大禍，中兵參軍京兆王敬先勸割據荊楚。 休若執錄，馳使白明帝，敬先坐誅。 休若至京口，上以休若善能諧緝物情，慮將來傾幼主，欲遣使殺之，慮不奉詔。 征入朝，又恐猜駭。 乃偽授為江州刺史，至，即於第賜死，贈侍中、司空。 子沖始襲封。
Xiuruo's trusted generals and aides all said returning to court would surely bring great calamity. Army Attendant Wang Jingxian of Jingzhao urged holding Jing and Chu. Xiuruo seized and held him, galloped envoys to report to Emperor Ming — Jingxian was executed for the crime. Xiuruo reached Jingkou. The emperor because Xiuruo was good at harmonizing human sentiment feared he would in future overturn the young sovereign and wished to send men to kill him — feared they would not obey the edict. Summoning him to court again feared alarm and shock. He falsely appointed him governor of Jiang Province. Upon arrival he was immediately granted death at his residence. Posthumously granted Palace Attendant and Grand Minister of Works. His son Chong at first succeeded to the enfeoffment.
66
孝武帝二十八男。 文穆皇后生廢帝子業、豫章王子尚。 陳淑媛生晉安王子勳。 阮容華生安陸王子綏。 徐昭容生皇子子深。 何淑儀生松滋侯子房。 史昭華生臨海王子頊。 殷貴妃生始平孝敬王子鸞。 次永嘉王子仁與皇子子深同生。 何婕妤生皇子子鳳。 謝昭容生始安王子真。 江婕妤生皇子子玄。 史昭儀生邵陵王子元。 次齊敬王子羽與始平孝敬王子鸞同生。 江美人生皇子子衡。 楊婕妤生淮南王子孟。 次皇子子況與皇子子玄同生； 次南平王子產與永嘉王子仁同生； 次晉陵孝王子雲、次皇子子文並與始平孝敬王子鸞同生； 次廬陵王子輿與淮南王子孟同生； 次南海哀王子師與始平孝敬王子鸞同生； 次淮陽思王子霄與皇子子玄同生； 次皇子子雍與始安王子真同生； 次皇子子趨與皇子子鳳同生； 次皇子子期與皇子子衡同生； 次東平王子嗣與始安王子真同生。 張容華生皇子子悅。 安陸王子綏、南平王子產、廬陵王子輿並出繼。 皇子子深、子鳳、子玄、子衡、子況、子文、子雍未封早夭。 子趨、子期、子悅未封，為明帝所殺。
Emperor Xiaowu had twenty-eight sons. Empress Wenmu bore the Former Deposed Emperor Ziye and Prince Zishang of Yuzhang. Lady Chen bore Prince Zixun of Jin'an. Lady Ruan bore Prince Zisui of Anlu. Lady Xu bore Imperial Son Zishen. Lady He bore Marquis Zifang of Songzi. Lady Shi bore Prince Zixiang of Linhai. Consort Yin bore Prince Xiaojing of Shiping, Ziluan. Next Prince Ziren of Yongjia was born of the same mother as Imperial Son Zishen. Lady He bore Imperial Son Zifeng. Lady Xie bore Prince Zizhen of Shi'an. Lady Jiang bore Imperial Son Zixuan. Lady Shi bore Prince Ziyuan of Shaoling. Next Prince Jing of Qi, Ziyu, was born of the same mother as Prince Xiaojing of Shiping, Ziluan. Lady Jiang bore Imperial Son Ziheng. Lady Yang bore Prince Zimeng of Huainan. Next Imperial Son Zikuang was born of the same mother as Imperial Son Zixuan. Next Prince Zichan of Nanping was born of the same mother as Prince Ziren of Yongjia. Next Prince Xiaojing of Jinling, Ziyun, and next Imperial Son Ziwen were both born of the same mother as Prince Xiaojing of Shiping, Ziluan. Next Prince Ziyu of Luling was born of the same mother as Prince Zimeng of Huainan. Next Prince Ai of Nanhai, Zishi, was born of the same mother as Prince Xiaojing of Shiping, Ziluan. Next Prince Si of Huaiyang, Zixiao, was born of the same mother as Imperial Son Zixuan. Next Imperial Son Ziyong was born of the same mother as Prince Zizhen of Shi'an. Next Imperial Son Ziqu was born of the same mother as Imperial Son Zifeng. Next Imperial Son Ziqi was born of the same mother as Imperial Son Ziheng. Next Prince Zisi of Dongping was born of the same mother as Prince Zizhen of Shi'an. Lady Zhang bore Imperial Son Ziyue. Prince Zisui of Anlu, Prince Zichan of Nanping, and Prince Ziyu of Luling were all given out in adoption. Imperial Sons Zishen, Zifeng, Zixuan, Ziheng, Zikuang, and Ziwen were not enfeoffed and died early. Ziqu, Ziqi, and Ziyue were not enfeoffed and were killed by Emperor Ming.
67
豫章王子尚字孝師，孝武第二子也。 孝建三年，年六歲，封西陽王。 大明三年，分浙江西立王畿； 以浙江東為揚州，以子尚為刺史，加都督。 五年，改封豫章王，領會稽太守。 七年，進號車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 時東土大旱，鄞縣多疇田，孝武使子尚表至鄞縣勸農，又立左學，召生徒，置儒林祭酒一人，學生師敬，位比州中從事。 文學祭酒一人，比州西曹。 勸學從事二人比祭酒從事。
Prince Zishang of Yuzhang, styled Xiaoshi, was Emperor Xiaowu's second son. In Xiaojian 3, at age six, he was enfeoffed Prince of Xiyang. In Daming 3, west of the Zhe River was established as the King's Domain. East of the Zhe was made Yang Province. Zishang was made governor, with added overall command. In year 5 he was changed to Prince of Yuzhang, holding governor of Kuaiji. In year 7 he was promoted Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat. At the time the eastern land had great drought and Yin county had much fallow field. Emperor Xiaowu had Zishang memorialize arrival at Yin county to encourage agriculture, also established the Left Academy, summoned students, and appointed one Confucian Forest Sacrificer — students and teachers honored him, rank equal to a commandery attendant. One Literary Sacrificer, rank equal to the commandery Western Cao. Two Encourage-Learning Attendants, rank equal to the Sacrificer's attendants.
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晉安王子勳字孝德，孝武第三子也。 眼患風，不為孝武所愛。 大明四年，年五歲，封晉安王。 七年，為江州刺史，加都督。 八年，改授雍州，未拜而孝武崩，還為江州。
Prince Zixun of Jin'an, styled Xiaode, was Emperor Xiaowu's third son. His eyes suffered wind ailment. He was not loved by Emperor Xiaowu. In Daming 4, at age five, he was enfeoffed Prince of Jin'an. In year 7 he became governor of Jiang Province, with added overall command. In year 8 he was reassigned to Yong Province. Before investiture Emperor Xiaowu died — he returned to Jiang Province.
69
時廢帝狂凶，多所誅害。 前撫軍諮議參軍何邁謀因帝出為變，迎立子勳。 事泄，帝誅邁，使八座奏子勳與邁通謀，遣左右朱景送藥賜子勳死。 景至盆口，遣報長史鄧琬。 琬等奉子勳起兵，以廢立為名。 明帝定亂，進子勳車騎將軍、開府儀同三司。 琬等不受命。
At the time the Former Deposed Emperor was mad and brutal and executed many. Former Pacification Army Advisory Attendant He Mai plotted to take advantage of the emperor going out to make trouble and welcome Zixun to establish him. The affair leaked. The emperor executed Mai and had the Eight Dignitaries memorialize that Zixun with Mai shared conspiracy. He sent attendant Zhu Jing bearing medicine to grant Zixun death. Jing reached Penkou and sent report to Chief Clerk Deng Wan. Wan and others installed Zixun and raised troops, taking deposition and establishment as their banner. When Emperor Ming settled the disorder he promoted Zixun Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Commissioner with the Grand Secretariat. Wan and others did not accept the order.
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泰始二年正月七日，奉子勳為帝，即偽位於尋陽，年號義嘉，備置百官，四方回應。 是歲四方貢計，並詣尋陽。 及軍敗，子勳見殺，時年十一。 即葬尋陽廬山。
On the seventh day of the first month of Taishi 2 they installed Zixun as emperor. He falsely took the throne at Xunyang, era name Yijia, fully appointing the hundred offices — all directions responded. That year tribute accounts from all directions all went to Xunyang. When the armies were defeated Zixun was killed — at the time he was eleven. He was immediately buried at Lushan, Xunyang.
71
始平孝敬王子鸞字孝羽，孝武第八子也。 大明四年，封襄陽王，尋改封新安。 五年，為北中郎將、南徐州刺史，領南琅邪太守。 母殷淑儀寵傾後宮，子鸞愛冠諸子，凡為上眄遇者莫不入子鸞府國。 為南徐州，又割吳郡屬之。 六年，丁母憂。 前廢帝素疾子鸞有寵，及即位，既誅群臣，乃遣使賜子鸞死，時年十歲。 子鸞臨死謂左右曰：「願後身不復生王家。」 同生弟妹並死。 明帝即位，改封始平王，以建平王景素子延年嗣。
Prince Xiaojing of Shiping, Ziluan, styled Xiaoyu, was Emperor Xiaowu's eighth son. In Daming 4 he was enfeoffed Prince of Xiangyang. Shortly he was changed to Prince of Xin'an. In year 5 he was General of the North Center and governor of South Xu Province, holding governor of South Langye. His mother Lady Yin Shuyi enjoyed favor overturning the rear palace. Ziluan's love topped all sons — whatever the emperor favored none did not enter Ziluan's princely household. As governor of South Xu he also cut off Wu commandery and attached it. In year 6 he completed mourning for his mother. The Former Deposed Emperor from of old resented Ziluan's favor. When he took the throne, having executed the ministers, he sent envoys to grant Ziluan death — at the time he was ten. Ziluan facing death told attendants, "May my later body not again be born in a royal house. Younger brothers and sisters born of the same mother all died. When Emperor Ming took the throne he changed the enfeoffment to Prince of Shiping. Prince Jingsu of Jianping's son Yannian succeeded.
72
永嘉王子仁字孝和，孝武第九子也。 大明五年，封永嘉王。 明帝即位，以為湘州刺史。 帝尋從司徒建安王休仁計，未拜賜死，時年十歲。
Prince Ziren of Yongjia, styled Xiaohe, was Emperor Xiaowu's ninth son. In Daming 5 he was enfeoffed Prince of Yongjia. When Emperor Ming took the throne he was made governor of Xiang Province. The emperor shortly followed Grand Minister of Works Prince Xiuren of Jian'an's plan — before investiture granted death. At the time he was ten.
73
始安王子真字孝貞，孝武第十一子也。
Prince Zizhen of Shi'an, styled Xiaozhen, was Emperor Xiaowu's eleventh son.
74
邵陵王子元字孝善，孝武第十三子也。 並被明帝賜死。
Prince Ziyuan of Shaoling, styled Xiaoshan, was Emperor Xiaowu's thirteenth son. Both were granted death by Emperor Ming.
75
淮南王子孟字孝光，孝武第十六子也。 初封淮南王，明帝改封安成王，未拜賜死。
Prince Zimeng of Huainan, styled Xiaoguang, was Emperor Xiaowu's sixteenth son. First enfeoffed Prince of Huainan. Emperor Ming changed to Prince of Ancheng — before investiture granted death.
76
晉陵孝王子雲字孝舉，孝武第十九子也。 大明六年封，未拜而亡。
Prince Xiaojing of Jinling, Ziyun, styled Xiaoju, was Emperor Xiaowu's nineteenth son. Enfeoffed in Daming 6 — before investiture he died.
77
南海哀王子師字孝友，孝武第二十二子也。 大明七年封，未拜，為前廢帝所害。 明帝即位追諡。
Prince Ai of Nanhai, Zishi, styled Xiaoyou, was Emperor Xiaowu's twenty-second son. Enfeoffed in Daming 7 — before investiture harmed by the Former Deposed Emperor. When Emperor Ming took the throne posthumous title was granted.
78
淮陽思王子霄字孝雲，孝武第二十三子也。 早薨，追加封諡。
Prince Si of Huaiyang, Zixiao, styled Xiaoyun, was Emperor Xiaowu's twenty-third son. Died early. Enfeoffment and posthumous title were added afterward.
79
東平王子嗣字孝叔，孝武帝第二十七子也，明帝賜死。
Prince Zisi of Dongping, styled Xiaoshu, was Emperor Xiaowu's twenty-seventh son — granted death by Emperor Ming.
80
武陵王贊字仲敷，小字智隨，明帝第九子也。 明帝既誅孝武諸子，詔以智隨奉孝武為子，封武陵郡王。 順帝升明二年薨，國除。
Prince Zan of Wuling, styled Zhongfu, childhood name Zhizui, was Emperor Ming's ninth son. Emperor Ming having executed Emperor Xiaowu's sons, by edict had Zhizui succeed Emperor Xiaowu as son and enfeoffed Prince of Wuling. In Shengming 2 of Emperor Shun he died. The state was abolished.
81
明帝十二男：陳貴妃生後廢帝。 謝修儀生皇子法良。 陳昭華生順帝。 徐婕妤生第四皇子。 鄭修容生皇子智井。 次晉熙王燮與皇子法良同生。 泉美人生邵陵殤王友； 次江夏王躋與第四皇子同生。 徐良人生武陵王贊。 杜修華生隨陽王翽。 次新興王嵩與武陵王贊同生。 又泉美人生始建王禧。 智井、燮、躋、贊並出繼。 法良未封。 第四皇子未有名，早夭。
Emperor Ming had twelve sons. Consort Chen bore the Later Deposed Emperor. Lady Xie bore Imperial Son Faliang. Lady Chen bore Emperor Shun. Lady Xu bore the fourth imperial son. Lady Zheng bore Imperial Son Zhijing. Next Prince Xie of Jinxi was born of the same mother as Imperial Son Faliang. Lady Quan bore Prince Shang of Shaoling, You. Next Prince Ji of Jiangxia was born of the same mother as the fourth imperial son. Lady Xu bore Prince Zan of Wuling. Lady Du bore Prince Hui of Suiyang. Next Prince Song of Xinxing was born of the same mother as Prince Zan of Wuling. Also Lady Quan bore Prince Xi of Shijian. Zhijing, Xie, Ji, and Zan were all given out in adoption. Faliang was not enfeoffed. The fourth imperial son had no name and died early.
82
邵陵殤王友字仲賢，明帝第七子也。 年五歲，出為南中郎將、江州刺史，封邵陵王。 後廢帝元徽二年，桂陽王休範誅後，王室微弱，友府州文案及臣吏不諱「有無」之「有」。 順帝升明二年，徙南豫州刺史，薨。 無子國除。
Prince Shang of Shaoling, You, styled Zhongxian, was Emperor Ming's seventh son. At age five he went out as General of the South Center and governor of Jiang Province, enfeoffed Prince of Shaoling. In Yuanhui 2 of the Later Deposed Emperor, after Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was executed the royal house was weak. In You's prefectural and princely documents and among clerks and officers they did not taboo the "you" in "you wu" (having or not having). In Shengming 2 of Emperor Shun he was transferred governor of South Yu Province and died. No son — the state was abolished.
83
新興王嵩字仲嶽，明帝第十一子也。 齊受禪，降封定襄縣公。
Prince Song of Xinxing, styled Zhongyue, was Emperor Ming's eleventh son. When Qi received the Mandate he was demoted and enfeoffed Duke of Dingxiang county.
84
始建王禧字仲安，明帝第十二子也。 齊受禪，降封荔浦縣公，尋並雲謀反賜死。
Prince Xi of Shijian, styled Zhong'an, was Emperor Ming's twelfth son. When Qi received the Mandate he was demoted and enfeoffed Duke of Lipu county. Shortly both were charged with plotting rebellion and granted death.
85
論曰：甚矣哉，元嘉之遇禍也。 殺逆之釁，事起肌膚，因心之童，遂亡天性。 雖鳴鏑之酷，未極於斯，其不至覆亡，亦為幸也。 明皇統運，疑隙內構，尋斧所加，先自王戚。 晉刺以獷暴摧軀，巴哀由和良酖體，保身之路，未知攸適。 昔之戒子，慎勿為善，詳求其旨，將遠有以乎。 詩云：「不自我先，不自我後。」 蓋古人之畏亂也。 孝武諸子，提挈以成釁亂，遂至宇內沸騰，王室如毀，而帝之諸胤莫不殲焉。 強不如弱，義在於此。 明帝負螟之慶，事非己出，枝葉不茂，豈能庇其本乎。
The commentator says: How extreme was the calamity of the Yuanjia era! The omen of regicide arose from the skin. The child of the heart's intent thus lost Heaven's nature. Though the cruelty of whistling arrows did not reach this extreme, that the dynasty did not reach total overthrow was also fortune. Emperor Ming's succession met with suspicion and rifts built within. Where the axe-edge fell, first were the royal kin. Prince Ci of Jinping perished by fierce brutality. Prince Ai of Baling was poisoned by harmony and goodness — the road of preserving oneself, one does not know where to turn. The ancients' warning to sons — carefully do not do good — examining the intent in detail, is there perhaps far-reaching reason in this? The Odes say, "It was not before me, nor after me. Thus the ancients feared disorder. Emperor Xiaowu's sons were led along until they completed the omen of disorder — thus the realm within boiled and seethed, the royal house as if destroyed, and the emperor's descendants were none who were not exterminated. Strong is not as good as weak — righteousness lies in this. Emperor Ming enjoyed the blessing of the horned moth — the affair was not of his own issue. Branches and leaves were not lush — how could he shelter the root?