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列傳第七
Biographies 7
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劉敬宣劉懷肅劉粹孫處蒯恩向靖劉鍾虞丘進孟懷玉胡藩劉康祖
Liu Jingxuan, Liu Huaisu, Liu Cui, Sun Chu, Kuai En, Xiang Jing, Liu Zhong, Yu Qiujin, Meng Huaiyu, Hu Fan, and Liu Kangzu
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刘敬宣，字万寿，彭城人也。 父牢之，晋镇北将军。 敬宣八岁丧母，昼夜号泣，中表异之。 辅国将军桓序镇芜湖，牢之参序军事。 四月八日，敬宣见众人灌佛，乃下头上金镜为母灌像，因悲泣不自胜。 序谓牢之曰："卿此儿非唯家之孝子，必为国之忠臣。"
Liu Jingxuan, courtesy name Wanshou, came from Pengcheng. His father Laozhi had served as General Who Pacifies the North under Jin. When Jingxuan was eight his mother died; he wept day and night until relatives near and far took notice. Auxiliary-state General Huan Xu held Wuhu, and Laozhi joined his military staff. On the eighth day of the fourth month he watched others bathe Buddha images, removed the gold mirror from his own head to bathe one for his mother, and broke down in grief. Xu told Laozhi, "This son of yours is not merely a filial son at home—he will become a loyal minister to the realm."
4
起家王恭前軍參軍，又參會稽世子元顯征虜軍事。 隆安二年，王恭起兵京口，以誅司馬尚之為名，牢之時為恭前軍司馬。 恭以豪戚自居，甚相陵忽，牢之心不能平。 及恭此舉，使牢之為前鋒，牢之遣敬宣襲恭，敗之。 元顯以敬宣為後將軍諮議參軍。
He entered service as an aide in Wang Gong's vanguard, then joined the staff of Kuaiji heir Yuanxian on the campaign against the barbarians. In Long'an year 2 Wang Gong mobilized at Jingkou, claiming he meant to execute Sima Shangzhi; Laozhi was his vanguard marshal. Gong acted the proud magnate and treated Laozhi with open contempt, which Laozhi could not stomach. When Gong marched, Laozhi was put at the head of the army; he sent Jingxuan to surprise Gong and routed him. Yuanxian appointed Jingxuan advising aide to the rear general.
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三年，孫恩為亂，牢之自表東討，敬宣請以騎傍南山趣其後。 吳賊畏馬，又懼首尾受敵，遂大敗之，進平會稽。 遷後軍從事中郎。
In year 3, when Sun En rose in revolt, Laozhi volunteered to campaign in the east and Jingxuan proposed flanking the rebels with cavalry along the southern hills. The Wu rebels feared cavalry and dreaded being caught between two forces; they were routed, and the army went on to pacify Kuaiji. He was promoted to aide in the rear army.
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宋武帝既累破祅賊，功名日盛，敬宣深相憑結。 元顯進號驃騎，敬宣仍隨府轉。 元顯驕肆，群下化之，敬宣每預宴會，調戲無所酬答，元顯甚不悅。
As Emperor Wu of Song kept crushing the rebel cults and his renown rose, Jingxuan drew close to him. When Yuanxian took the title Flying Cavalry General, Jingxuan moved with his staff. Yuanxian was insolent and his courtiers followed suit; at feasts Jingxuan never played along with their jibes, which Yuanxian resented.
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元興元年，牢之南討桓玄，元顯為征討大都督，日夜昏酣。 牢之以道子昏闇，元顯淫凶，慮平玄之日，亂政方始； 會玄遣信說牢之，牢之欲假手于玄誅執政，然後乘玄之隙，可以得志天下。 將許玄降。 敬宣諫恐玄威望既成，則難圖。 牢之怒曰：「吾豈不知今日取之如反復手，但平後令我奈驃騎何？」 遣敬宣為任。
In Yuanxing year 1 Laozhi marched south against Huan Xuan while Yuanxian, supreme commander of the expedition, spent his days and nights in drunken stupor. Laozhi saw Daozi as dim-witted and Yuanxian as vicious and debauched, and worried that defeating Xuan would merely usher in worse disorder. Xuan sent messengers to sway him; Laozhi planned to use Xuan to destroy the ruling clique, then strike when Xuan slipped and seize power for himself. He was on the verge of submitting to Xuan. Jingxuan warned that if Xuan's authority solidified, he would be impossible to remove. Laozhi snapped, "Of course I know beating him now is as easy as flipping my hand—but once it's done, how am I supposed to deal with the Flying Cavalry General?" He dispatched Jingxuan to carry it out.
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玄既得志，害元顯，廢道子，以牢之為會稽太守。 牢之與敬宣謀襲玄，期以明旦。 爾日大霧，府門晚開，日旰，敬宣不至。 牢之謂謀泄，欲奔廣陵，而敬宣還京口迎家。 牢之謂已為玄禽，乃縊而死。 敬宣奔喪，哭畢，就司馬休之、高雅之等俱奔洛陽，往來長安，求救于姚興，後奔慕容德。
After Xuan seized power he executed Yuanxian, deposed Daozi, and appointed Laozhi administrator of Kuaiji. Laozhi and Jingxuan plotted a dawn assault on Xuan. Thick fog delayed the opening of headquarters; the sun was setting and Jingxuan still had not come. Laozhi assumed the plot was exposed and meant to flee to Guangling while Jingxuan went back to Jingkou for his household. Believing Xuan had already seized him, Laozhi hanged himself. Jingxuan returned for the burial; when rites were finished he fled with Sima Xiuzhi and Gao Yazhi to Luoyang and Chang'an seeking help from Yao Xing, then took refuge with Murong De.
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敬宣素明天文，知必有興復晉室者。 尋夢丸土服之，覺而喜曰：「丸者，桓也，桓吞，吾當復本土乎。」 乃結青州大姓諸崔、封謀滅德，推休之為主。 時德司空劉軌大被任，高雅之又要軌，謀泄，乃相與殺軌而去。 會宋武帝平京口，手書召敬宣，即馳還，襲封武岡縣男，後拜江州刺史。
Jingxuan was versed in astronomy and was sure someone would restore the Jin dynasty. He dreamed he swallowed a ball of earth and woke saying, "A ball—huan—means Huan; if Huan is swallowed, will I not go home again?" He then allied with leading Qingzhou families of the Cui and Feng to overthrow De and make Xiuzhi their chief. De's minister of works Liu Gui enjoyed great favor; Yazhi tried to recruit him, the plot was exposed, and they murdered Gui and fled. When Emperor Wu took Jingkou he wrote Jingxuan a personal summons; Jingxuan raced back, received the barony of Wugang, and later became inspector of Jiangzhou.
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劉毅之少，人或以雄桀許之。 敬宣曰：「此人外寬內忌，自伐而尚人，若一旦遭逢，當以陵上取禍。」 毅聞深恨。 及在江陵，知敬宣還，尋知為江州，大駭惋。 敬宣愈不自安。 安帝反正，自表求解。 武帝恩款周洽，所賜莫與為比。 敬宣女嫁，賜錢三百萬，雜彩千匹。
In his youth some hailed Liu Yi as a bold hero. Jingxuan said, "He looks tolerant but broods within, boasts of himself yet flatters others; given the chance he will ruin himself by lording it over his betters." When Yi heard this he nursed a deep grudge. At Jiangling, learning Jingxuan was back and now inspector of Jiangzhou, Yi was stunned and dismayed. Jingxuan grew increasingly uneasy. After Emperor An was restored, Jingxuan asked to resign. Emperor Wu treated him with unmatched warmth and generosity. At Jingxuan's daughter's wedding he gave three million cash and a thousand bolts of colored silk.
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帝方大相寵任，欲令立功。 義熙三年，表遣敬宣伐蜀。 博士周祗諫，以為「道遠運漕難繼，毛修之家讎不雪，不應以得死為恨。 劉敬宣蒙生存之恩，亦宜性命仰答。 將軍欲驅二死之甘心，忘國家之重計，愚情竊所未安」。 不從。 假敬宣節，監征蜀諸軍事。 敬宣至黃武，去成都五百里，食盡，遇疾疫而還。 為有司奏免官。
The emperor was lavishing favor on him and wanted him to earn glory in the field. In Yixi year 3 he proposed sending Jingxuan against Shu. Erudite Zhou Zhi objected: "The distance is great and supply lines fragile; Mao Xiuzhi's family vendetta remains unsettled—he ought not to march off expecting to die in vain. Liu Jingxuan owes you the debt of his life and should answer with his life in return. You would spend two lives eager for death and ignore the realm's larger design—I cannot reconcile myself to that." The emperor ignored the advice. Jingxuan received imperial credentials and overall command of the Shu expedition. Jingxuan reached Huangwu, five hundred li from Chengdu, but food gave out and disease spread, forcing his retreat. Officials impeached him and he was dismissed.
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五年，武帝伐慕容超，除中軍諮議參軍，與兗州刺史劉藩大破超軍，進圍廣固，屢獻規略。 盧循逼建鄴，敬宣分領鮮卑獸斑突騎，置陣甚整。 循走，仍從南討，為左衛將軍。 敬宣寬厚，善待士，多伎藝，弓馬音律，無事不善。 尚書僕射謝混美才地，少所交納，與敬宣遇便盡禮。 或問混：「卿未嘗輕交，而傾蓋劉壽，何也？」 混曰：「孔文舉禮太史子義，天下豈有非之邪。」
In year 5, campaigning against Murong Chao, Jingxuan became an advising aide in the central army; with Liu Fan of Yanzhou he routed Chao and besieged Guanggu, offering strategy at every turn. When Lu Xun threatened Jiankang, Jingxuan led Xianbei cavalry with spotted mounts and drew up an impeccable line. After Xun fled he continued south and was made General of the Left Guard. Generous and gracious to men of talent, he mastered archery, horsemanship, music—there was scarcely an art he could not handle. Xie Hun, vice director of the secretariat, seldom befriended anyone, yet with Jingxuan he was immediately cordial. Someone asked Hun, "You rarely open up to people—why this instant bond with Liu Shou?" Hun replied, "When Kong Wenju honored Taishi Ziyi, who in the realm criticized him?"
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初，敬宣蜀還，劉毅欲以重法繩之。 武帝既相任待，又何無忌謂不宜以私憾傷至公。 毅雖止，猶謂武帝曰：「平生之舊，豈可孤信？ 光武悔之于龐萌，曹公失之于孟卓。 宜深慎之。」 毅出為荊州，謂敬宣曰：「欲屈卿為長史、南蠻，豈有見輔意乎？」 敬宣懼禍，以告武帝。 帝笑曰：「但令老兄平安，必無過慮。」 後領冀州刺史。
When Jingxuan came back from Shu, Liu Yi wanted him punished severely. The emperor already relied on him, and He Wuji argued that private spite must not override the public good. Yi desisted, yet told the emperor, "A companion of long standing—can you trust him blindly? Emperor Guangwu regretted trusting Pang Meng; Cao Cao was betrayed by Zhang Miao. You should be very careful." Posted to Jing Province, Yi told Jingxuan, "I want you as chief aide and commander of the southern barbarians—will you serve under me?" Fearing a trap, Jingxuan reported this to the emperor. The emperor laughed: "So long as your old friend keeps his head, you have nothing to fear." Later Jingxuan became inspector of Ji Province.
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時帝西討劉毅，豫州刺史諸葛長人監太尉軍事，貽敬宣書曰：「盤龍狼戾專恣，自取夷滅。 異端將盡，世路方夷，富貴之事，相與共之。」 敬宣報曰：「下官常懼福過災生，實思避盈居損。 富貴之旨，非所敢當。」 便以長人書呈，帝謂王誕曰：「阿壽故為不負我。」
While the emperor marched west against Liu Yi, Zhuge Changren of Yuzhou, overseeing the grand marshal's armies, wrote Jingxuan: "Panlong's arrogance destroyed him. The rebel faction is almost finished and better days lie ahead—let us share the rewards together." Jingxuan answered, "I have always feared that good luck invites disaster and sought to stay modest rather than grasp for more. I dare not accept such an offer of rank and riches." He forwarded Changren's letter at once; the emperor told Wang Dan, "A Shou has not let me down."
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十一年，進號右軍將軍。 時晉宗室司馬道賜為敬宣參軍。 會武帝西征司馬休之，而道賜乃陰結同府辟閭道秀、左右小將王猛子等謀反。 道賜自號齊王，規據廣固，舉兵應休之。 猛子取敬宣刀殺敬宣，文武佐吏即討道賜、道秀、猛子斬之。 先是敬宣嘗夜與僚佐宴，空中有投一隻芒屩於坐，墜敬宣食盤上，長三尺五寸，已經人著，耳鼻間並欲壞，頃之而敗。 喪至，武帝臨哭甚哀。 子光祖嗣。 宋受禪，國除。
In year 11 he was promoted to General of the Right Army. Jin imperial clansman Sima Daosi then served on Jingxuan's staff. During the western campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, Daosi secretly conspired with staff officer Pilu Daoxiu and aides Wang Mengzi and others. Daosi proclaimed himself Prince of Qi, aimed to seize Guanggu, and mustered forces for Xiuzhi. Mengzi seized Jingxuan's sword and killed him; staff and officers immediately executed Daosi, Daoxiu, and Mengzi. Once at a night feast with his officers, a worn straw sandal three feet five inches long—reeking of a human wearer—dropped from nowhere into his dish; not long after he was killed. When the bier arrived the emperor mourned him in person, deeply grieved. His son Guangzu succeeded him. When Song took the throne the enfeoffment lapsed.
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劉懷肅，彭城人，宋武帝從母兄也。 家世貧窶，而躬耕好學。 仕晉為費令。 及聞武帝起義，棄縣來奔。
Liu Huaisu of Pengcheng was the emperor's cousin on his mother's side. Though his family was poor he farmed himself and loved study. Under Jin he served as magistrate of Fei county. Hearing the emperor had risen in arms, he abandoned his post and rushed to join him.
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蔚祖卒，子道存嗣，位太尉江夏王義恭諮議參軍。 孝武伐元凶，道存出奔義軍，元凶乃殺其母以徇。 景和中，為義恭太宰從事中郎。 義恭敗，以黨與下獄死。
Weizu died; his son Daocun succeeded and rose to advising aide to Grand Marshal Prince Yigong of Jiangxia. When Emperor Xiaowu marched against the usurper, Daocun defected to the loyalists; the usurper killed his mother as a public warning. During the Jinghe reign he served as aide to Prince Yigong in his role as grand preceptor. After Yigong's downfall he was jailed as an accomplice and died there.
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懷肅次弟懷敬，澀訥無才能。 初，武帝產而皇妣殂，孝皇帝貧薄，無由得乳人，議欲不舉，帝從母生懷敬，未期，乃斷懷敬乳而自養帝。 帝以舊恩，懷敬累見寵授，至會稽太守。 時以為速，武帝曰：「亡姨于我恩重，此何可忘？」 曆尚書，金紫光祿大夫。
Huaisu's younger brother Huaijing was slow of speech and lacked ability. When the future emperor was born his mother died; the household was too poor for a wet nurse and nearly abandoned the infant until his aunt, still nursing Huaijing, weaned her own son to feed him. Out of gratitude for that old debt the emperor kept advancing Huaijing until he became administrator of Kuaiji. Critics called the promotions too swift; the emperor said, "My aunt's kindness was profound—how could I forget it?" He went on to serve as minister of the masters of writing and as grand master with the gold seal and purple ribbon.
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懷敬子真道為錢唐令，元嘉十三年，東土饑，帝遣揚州中從事史沈演之巡行在所，演之表真道及余杭令劉道錫有美政。 上嘉之，各賜穀千斛，以真道為步兵校尉。
Huaijing's son Zhendao was magistrate of Qiantang; in Yuanjia 13, when famine struck the east, Shen Yanzhi reported that Zhendao and Liu Daoxi of Yuhang governed admirably. The emperor rewarded each with a thousand hu of grain and made Zhendao commandant of footsoldiers.
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十四年，出為梁、南秦二州刺史。 十八年，氐帥楊難當侵寇漢中，真道討破之，而難當寇盜猶不已，文帝遣龍驤將軍裴方明率禁兵五千，受真道節度。 十九年，方明至武興，率太子積弩將軍劉康祖等進軍，大致克捷，以真道為建威將軍、雍州刺史，方明輔國將軍、梁南秦二州刺史。 又詔故晉壽太守姜道盛殞身鋒鏑，可贈給事中，賜錢十萬。 道盛注古文尚書行于世。 真道、方明並坐破仇池斷割金銀諸雜寶貨，又藏難當善馬，下獄死。 懷敬弟懷慎，少謹慎質直。 從宋武帝征討，位徐州刺史。 為政嚴猛，境內震肅。 以平廣固、盧循功，封南城縣男。 十二年，武帝北伐，以為中領軍、征虜將軍，宿衛輦轂。 坐府內相殺免官。 雖名位轉優，而恭恪愈至。 每所之造，位任不踰己者，皆束帶門外下車，其謹退類如此。
In year 14 he was sent out as inspector of Liang and Southern Qin. In year 18 the Di leader Yang Dang raided Hanzhong; Zhendao beat him back but raids continued, so Emperor Wen sent Pei Fangming with five thousand imperial troops under Zhendao's orders. In year 19 Fangming reached Wuxing and marched with Liu Kangzu and others to a sweeping victory; Zhendao became General Who Establishes Might and inspector of Yongzhou, Fangming assistant-state general and inspector of Liang and Southern Qin. An edict also honored the late Jinshou administrator Jiang Daosheng, killed in battle, with the post of palace attendant and a hundred thousand cash. Daosheng had annotated the Old Text Book of Documents, which circulated widely. Zhendao and Fangming were executed for looting gold and silver at Qiu Chi and concealing Yang Dang's best horses. Huaijing's younger brother Huaishen was cautious and plain-spoken from youth. He campaigned with Emperor Wu and rose to inspector of Xuzhou. He ruled with harsh discipline and kept the region in awe-struck order. For victories at Guanggu and over Lu Xun he received the barony of Nancheng. In year 12, during the northern campaign, he became central camp commander and General Who Subdues the Barbarians, guarding the imperial train. He was dismissed after a fatal brawl inside headquarters. The higher his rank rose, the more deferential he became. Visiting anyone of equal or lower rank, he belted up and dismounted outside the gate—such was his humility.
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永初元年，以佐命功，進爵為侯，位五兵尚書，加散騎常侍、光祿大夫。 景平元年，遷護軍將軍。 祿賜班於宗族，家無餘財，卒諡肅侯。
In Yongchu 1, for founding merit, he was raised to marquis, made minister of the five armies, and given concurrent posts as regular attendant and Bright Hall grand master. In Jingping 1 he became General Who Protects the Army. He shared stipends with his kin and died without private wealth; his posthumous title was Marquis Su.
22
德願善御車，嘗立兩柱，使其中劣通車軸，乃于百餘步上振轡長驅，未至數尺，打牛奔從柱間直過，其精如此。 孝武聞其能，為之乘畫輪車，幸太宰江夏王義恭第。 德願岸著籠冠，短朱衣，執轡進止，甚有容狀。 永光中，為廷尉，與柳元景厚善。 元景敗，下獄誅。
Deyuan excelled at charioteering: he erected two posts barely wider than an axle, then from a hundred paces charged full speed and threaded the gap within inches—such was his skill. Emperor Xiaowu, hearing of his skill, had him drive the painted imperial carriage on a visit to Prince Yigong of Jiangxia. He wore a tall cage-cap and short red coat, managing reins and pace with dignified poise. During Yongguang he served as minister of justice and was close to Liu Yuanjing. When Yuanjing fell he was jailed and put to death.
23
懷慎庶長子榮祖，少好騎射，為武帝所知。 及盧循攻逼，時賊乘小艦入淮拔柵，武帝宣令三軍不得輒射賊。 榮祖不勝憤怒，冒禁射之，所中應弦而倒，帝益奇焉。 以戰功，參太尉軍事，從討司馬休之。 彭城內史徐逵之敗沒，諸將意沮，榮祖請戰愈厲，上乃解所著鎧授之。 榮祖陷陣，身被數創。 及帝北伐，轉鎮西中兵參軍。 水軍入河，與朱超石大破魏軍於半城。 帝大饗戰士，謂榮祖曰：「卿以寡克眾，攻無堅城，雖古名將何以過此。」 永初中，為輔國將軍。 追論半城功，賜爵都鄉侯。 榮祖為人輕財貴義，善撫將士； 然性褊，頗失士君子心。 卒於官。
Huaishen's eldest concubine-born son Rongzu loved horsemanship and archery and caught the emperor's eye. During Lu Xun's assault rebels rowed small boats up the Huai to tear out stakes; the emperor forbade the armies to shoot without orders. Rongzu, furious, defied the order and shot; every arrow found its mark, and the emperor admired him all the more. For battlefield merit he joined the grand marshal's staff on the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi. After Xu Daizhi's defeat dampened morale, Rongzu begged to fight harder; the emperor stripped off his own armor and gave it to him. Rongzu punched through the line, covered in wounds. On the northern expedition he became middle army aide in the western command. The fleet entered the Yellow River and, with Zhu Chao shi, routed Wei at Bancheng. Feasting the troops the emperor told Rongzu, "You beat larger forces and cracked every fortress—no ancient general could do better." In early Yongchu he was made assistant-state general. His Bancheng victory earned him the barony of Duxiang. Rongzu scorned money, honored duty, and treated soldiers generously; yet he was touchy and lost the respect of refined men. He died in office.
24
懷慎弟懷默，江夏內史。 子孫登，武陵內史。 孫登子亮，少工刀楯，以軍功封順陽縣侯，曆梁、益二州刺史。 在任廉儉，所得公祿，悉以還官，宋明帝下詔褒美。 亮在梁州忽服食，欲致長生，迎武當山道士孫懷道使合仙藥，藥成，服之而卒。 及就斂，屍弱如生。 諡曰剛侯。
Huaishen's brother Huuaimo served as interior minister of Jiangxia. His descendant Deng became interior minister of Wuling. Deng's son Liang mastered sword and shield from youth; for merit he became marquis of Shunyang and inspector of Liang and Yi. Frugal in office, he remitted his salary to the treasury; Emperor Ming praised him by edict. In Liangzhou Liang turned to alchemy for immortality, summoned Daoist Sun Huaidao from Mount Wudang to brew a elixir, swallowed it, and died. At burial his body was still supple as though alive. His posthumous title was Marquis Gang.
25
孫登弟道隆，前廢帝景和中，位右衛將軍，封永昌縣侯，委以腹心之任。 泰始初，又為明帝盡力，遷左衛將軍、中護軍。 賜死，事在建安王休仁傳。
Deng's brother Daolong, under the deposed emperor in Jinghe, was General of the Right Guard, marquis of Yongchang, and a trusted confidant. At the start of Taishi he served Emperor Ming loyally and rose to General of the Left Guard and Protector of the Army. He was condemned to death; the affair is recorded in the biography of Prince Xiuren of Jian'an.
26
劉粹字道沖，沛郡蕭人也。 家在京口。 初為州從事，從宋武帝平建鄴，征廣固，以功封西安縣五等侯。 累遷中軍諮議參軍。 盧循之逼，京口任重，文帝時年四歲，武帝使粹奉文帝鎮京口。 後為江夏相。
Liu Cui, courtesy name Daochong, came from Xiao in Pei commandery. The family lived at Jingkou. He began as a commandery aide, followed the emperor in taking Jiankang and Guanggu, and for merit received the fifth-rank marquisate of Xi'an. He rose to advising aide in the central army. When Lu Xun threatened Jingkou the post was critical; the four-year-old Prince Wen was placed under Cui's care there. He later became chancellor of Jiangxia.
27
族兄毅貳于武帝，粹不與毅同而盡心武帝。 帝將謀毅，眾並疑粹在夏口，帝愈信之。 及大軍至，竭其誠力。 事平，封灄陽縣男。 永初元年，以佐命功，改封建安縣侯。 文帝即位，為雍州刺史，加都督。
His kinsman Liu Yi rebelled, but Cui stayed loyal to the emperor. Planning to move against Yi, courtiers feared Cui at Xiakou, yet the emperor trusted him more. When the main force arrived he gave everything he had. After victory he received the barony of Sheng Yang. In Yongchu 1, for founding merit, his fief became the marquisate of Jian'an. At Emperor Wen's accession Cui became inspector of Yong with overall command.
28
元嘉三年，討謝晦。 初，晦與粹善，以粹子曠之為參軍，至是帝甚疑之。 王弘曰：「粹無私，必無憂也。」 及受命南討，一無所顧。 文帝以此嘉之。 晦亦不害曠之，遣還。 粹尋卒，曠之嗣。 粹弟道濟，位益州刺史，任長史費謙等聚斂，傷政害人。 初，晉末有司馬飛龍者，自稱晉宗室，走仇池。 元嘉九年，聞道濟綏撫失和，遂自仇池入綿竹為亂，道濟遣軍討斬之。 先是道濟以五城人帛氐奴、梁顯為參軍督護，費謙固執不與； 遠方商人至者，謙又抑之。 商旅呼嗟，百姓咸欲為亂，氐奴等因聚黨為盜，及趙廣等詐言司馬殿下猶在陽泉山中。 蜀土僑舊翕然並反，奉道人程道養，言是飛龍。 道養，枹罕人也。 趙廣改名為龍興，號為蜀王、車騎大將軍、益梁二州牧，建號泰始元年，備置百官，以道養弟道助為驃騎將軍、長沙王，鎮涪城。 廣自號鎮軍將軍，帛氐奴為征虜將軍，梁顯為鎮北將軍，奉道養圍成都。 道濟遣中兵參軍裴方明頻破之。
In Yuanjia 3 he marched against Xie Hui. Hui and Cui had been friends and Hui had taken Cui's son Kuangzhi on staff; now the emperor was deeply wary. Wang Hong said, "Cui is selfless—there is nothing to fear." Ordered south against Hui he showed not a flicker of hesitation. Emperor Wen praised him for it. Hui did not harm Kuangzhi and sent him home. Cui soon died; Kuangzhi inherited. Cui's brother Daoji, inspector of Yi, let chief aide Fei Qian and others extort the people and ruin administration. In late Jin a man named Sima Feilong claimed imperial descent and fled to Qiu Chi. In Yuanjia 9, hearing Daoji's rule had turned harsh, he slipped from Qiu Chi into Mianzhu in revolt; Daoji's troops hunted him down and killed him. Daoji had appointed Bo Dinu and Liang Xian of Wucheng as staff officers; Fei Qian blocked the appointments; and he also obstructed traveling merchants. Merchants groaned and the people seethed; Dinu and others turned bandit while Zhao Guang spread word that a Sima prince still hid on Mount Yangquan. Refugees and old families of Shu rose as one, proclaiming Daoist Cheng Daoyang as Feilong reborn. Daoyang came from Fuhan. Zhao Guang renamed himself Longxing, crowned himself King of Shu and governor of Yi and Liang, dated his reign Taishi year 1, filled out a court, and made Daoyang's brother Daozhu flying cavalry general and Prince of Changsha at Fucheng. Guang took the title General Who Pacifies the Army; Dinu and Xian became generals; together they besieged Chengdu for Daoyang. Daoji sent Pei Fangming, who routed them again and again.
29
十年正月，賊復大至，攻逼成都，道濟卒，方明等共埋屍於後齋，使書與道濟相似者為教。 酬答簽疏，不異常日，雖母妻不知也。 二月，道養升壇郊天，方就柴燎，方明擊，大敗之。 會平西將軍臨川王義慶使巴東太守周籍之帥眾援成都，廣等屯據廣漢，分守郫川。 籍之與方明攻郫，克之。 方明禽偽驃騎將軍司馬龍伸，斬之。 龍伸即道助也。 涪、蜀皆平。
In the tenth month of year 10 rebels swarmed Chengdu; Daoji died; Fangming buried him secretly in the rear hall and forged orders in his hand. Official correspondence continued as if nothing had changed—even his wife and mother were kept in the dark. In the second month, as Daoyang lit the sacrificial fire on heaven's altar, Fangming attacked and crushed him. Prince Yiqing of Linchuan sent Zhou Jizhi of Badong to relieve Chengdu while Guang held Guanghan and split garrisons at Pixian. Jizhi and Fangming stormed Pixian and took it. Fangming captured the rebel flying cavalry general Sima Longshen and executed him. Longshen was Daozhu. Fu and Shu were both pacified.
30
俄而張尋攻破陰平，復與道養合，逃於郪山，其餘群賊出為盜不絕。 文帝遣甯朔將軍蕭汪之討之。 十四年，餘党乃平，遷趙廣、張尋等於建鄴。 十六年，廣、尋復與國山令司馬敬琳謀反，伏誅。
Soon Zhang Xun seized Yingping, rejoined Daoyang, and fled to Mount Xi while scattered rebels kept raiding. Emperor Wen sent Xiao Wangzhi to suppress them. In year 14 the last rebels were cleared; Guang and Zhang Xun were transferred to Jiankang. In year 16 Guang and Xun conspired again with Sima Jinglin of Guoshan and were put to death.
31
粹族弟損字子騫，衛將軍毅從父弟也。 父鎮之字仲德，以毅貴顯，閒居京口，未嘗應召。 常謂毅，「汝必破我家」。 毅甚畏憚，每還京口，未嘗敢以羽儀入鎮之門。 以左光祿大夫征，不就，卒於家。 損元嘉中為吳郡太守，至昌門，便入太伯廟。 時廟室頹毀，垣牆不修，損愴然曰：「清塵尚可髣佛，衡宇一何摧頹！」 即令修葺。 卒，贈太常。
Cui's kinsman Sun, courtesy name Ziqian, was a younger cousin of Guard General Liu Yi. His father Zhenzhi, styled Zhongde, retired at Jingkou when Yi grew powerful and never answered a summons. He warned Yi repeatedly, "You will destroy our family." Yi feared him; even at the height of power he never marched in full pomp through Zhenzhi's gate at Jingkou. Summoned as Bright Hall left grand master, he refused and died at home. In Yuanjia, as administrator of Wu, Sun entered the Grand Duke's temple as soon as he reached Chang Gate. The shrine lay in ruins; Sun sighed, "One can still faintly feel the old sanctity—yet how ruined the halls are!" He ordered immediate repairs. After death he was posthumously made Minister of Ceremonies.
32
損同郡宗人有劉伯龍者，少而貧薄，及長，歷位尚書左丞，少府，武陵太守，貧寠尤甚。 常在家慨然，召左右將營十一之方，忽見一鬼在傍撫掌大笑。 伯龍歎曰：「貧窮固有命，乃復為鬼所笑也。」 遂止。
Fellow townsman Liu Bolong grew up in poverty, rose to vice minister, treasury chief, and Wuling administrator, yet stayed miserably poor. At home he sighed and told servants to brew an alchemical formula; a ghost appeared beside him and laughed. Bolong groaned, "Poverty is ordained—must even ghosts mock me?" He abandoned the attempt.
33
孫處字季高，會稽永興人也。 籍注字，故以字行。 少任氣，武帝征孫恩，季高樂從。 及平建鄴，封新夷縣五等侯。 盧循之難，武帝謂季高曰：「此賊行破，非卿不能破其窟穴。」 即遣季高泛海襲番禺，拔之。 循父嘏、長史孫建之、司馬虞尪夫等輕舟奔始興，即分遣振武將軍沈田子等討平嶺表諸郡。 循于左裏走還襲廣州，季高破走之。 義熙七年，季高卒，追贈南海太守，封候官縣侯。 九年，武帝表贈交州刺史。
Sun Chu, courtesy name Jigao, came from Yongxing in Kuaiji. The household register recorded his courtesy name, so he went by it. Hot-blooded in youth, he eagerly joined the campaign against Sun En. After Jiankang fell he received the fifth-rank marquisate of Xinyi. During Lu Xun's crisis the emperor told him, "This rebel is nearly finished—only you can destroy his lair." He sent Jigao by sea against Panyu and captured it. Xun's father Gu, chief clerk Sun Jianzhi, and marshal Yu Kuangfu fled by light boat to Shixing; Jigao sent Shen Tianzi to pacify the southern commanderies. Xun doubled back from Zuoli to hit Guangzhou; Jigao beat him off. In Yixi 7 Jigao died; posthumously he was made administrator of Nanhai and marquis of Houguan. In year 9 the emperor posthumously made him inspector of Jiao.
34
蒯恩字道恩，蘭陵承人也。 武帝征孫恩，縣差恩伐馬芻，常負大束，兼倍餘人。 每舍芻於地，歎曰：「大丈夫彎弓三石，奈何充馬士。」 武帝聞之，即給器仗。 自征祅賊，常為先登，膽力過人，甚見愛信。 于婁縣戰，箭中右目。 平京城，定建鄴，以軍功封都鄉侯。 從伐廣固，破盧循，隨劉藩追斬徐道覆，與王鎮惡襲江陵，隨朱齡石伐蜀，又從伐司馬休之。 自從征討，凡百餘戰，身被重創。 武帝錄其前後功，封新寧縣男。
Kuai En, courtesy name Da'en, came from Cheng in Lanling. When the county drafted him to cut fodder during the Sun En campaign, he carried double anyone else's load. Dropping each bundle he muttered, "A real man draws a three-stone bow—why am I feeding horses?" The emperor heard and armed him on the spot. In every fight against the cult rebels he led the charge; his courage won deep trust. At Yuxian an arrow pierced his right eye. For taking the capital and securing Jiankang he received the marquisate of Duxiang. He fought at Guanggu, routed Lu Xun, hunted Xu Daofu with Liu Fan, raided Jiangling with Wang Zhen'e, marched on Shu with Zhu Lingshi, and campaigned against Sima Xiuzhi. In more than a hundred battles his body was crisscrossed with deep wounds. The emperor tallied his lifetime of service and made him baron of Xinning.
35
武帝北伐，留恩侍衛世子，命朝士與之交。 恩益自謙損，與人語常呼官位，自稱鄙人，撫士卒甚有恩紀。 世子開府，再遷為司馬。 後入關迎桂陽公義真，沒于赫連勃勃。 傳國至孫，無子，國除。
On the northern march the emperor left En to guard the heir and told courtiers to befriend him. He grew humbler still, addressed everyone by rank and called himself a countryman, and treated his men with firm kindness. When the heir opened a headquarters En rose twice to marshal. Later, entering the pass to escort Duke Yizhen of Guiyang, he died at the hands of Helian Bobo. The fief passed to a grandson; with no heirs it lapsed.
36
向靖字奉仁，小字彌，河內山陽人也。 名與武帝祖諱同，故以小字行。 彌與武帝有舊，從平京城，參建武軍事，進平建鄴，以功封山陽縣五等侯。 又從征廣固，討盧循，所在著績，封安南縣男。 武帝西伐司馬休之，征關中，並見任使。 及帝受命，以佐命功，封曲江縣侯，位太子左衛率，加散騎常侍。 卒於官。 彌立身儉約，不營室宇，無園田商貨之業，時人稱之。
Xiang Jing, courtesy name Fengren, childhood name Mi, came from Shanyang in Henei. His given name tabooed the emperor's grandfather, so he went by his childhood name Mi. Mi had known the emperor long; he helped take the capital, served on the founding army staff, helped secure Jiankang, and earned the fifth-rank marquisate of Shanyang. He fought at Guanggu and against Lu Xun, distinguishing himself everywhere, and received the barony of Annan. On the western campaign against Sima Xiuzhi and the Guanzhong expedition he was repeatedly entrusted with command. At the dynastic founding he became marquis of Qujiang, left commandant of the heir's guard, and regular attendant. He died in office. He lived simply, built no mansion, owned no land or trade, and was widely admired for it.
37
子植嗣，多過失，不受母訓，奪爵。 更以植次弟楨紹封，又坐殺人，國除。
His son Zhi succeeded but was dissolute, disobeyed his mother, and forfeited the fief. Younger brother Zhen inherited next but was stripped after a murder.
38
楨弟柳字玄季，有學義才能，立身方雅。 太尉袁淑、司空徐湛之、東揚州刺史顏竣皆與友善。 及竣貴，柳猶以素情自許，不推先之。 順陽范璩誡柳曰：「名位不同，禮有異數，卿何得作曩時意邪？」 柳曰：「我與士遜心期久矣，豈可一旦以勢利處之。」 及柳為南康郡，涉義宣事敗，系建康獄。 屢密請竣，
Zhen's brother Liu, styled Xuanji, was learned, capable, and upright. Grand Marshal Yuan Shu, Minister of Works Xu Tanzhi, and Eastern Yangzhou inspector Yan Jun counted him a friend. When Jun grew powerful Liu still treated him as an equal of old. Fan Quan of Shunyang warned him, "Your ranks no longer match—how can you behave as before?" Liu replied, "Shiyu and I swore friendship long ago—I will not bow to his new power." When implicated in Yixuan's rebellion as administrator of Nankang, he was jailed at Jiankang. He repeatedly begged Jun in secret
39
求相申救。 孝武嘗與竣言及柳事，竟不助之。 柳遂伏法。 璩字伯玉，平北將軍汪曾孫也，位淮南太守。
to plead for his life. Emperor Xiaowu discussed Liu's case with Jun but would not intervene. Liu was executed. Quan, courtesy name Boyu, was great-grandson of General Who Pacifies the North Wang and became administrator of Huainan.
40
劉鍾字世之，彭城人也。 少孤，依鄉人中山太守劉回共居，常慷慨於貧賤。 從宋武帝征伐，盡其心力。 及義旗建，帝板鍾為郡主簿，曰：「豫是彭城鄉人赴義者，並可依劉主簿。」 於是立義隊，連戰皆捷。 及桓謙屯於東陵，卞範之屯覆舟山西，武帝疑賊有伏兵，顧左右，政見鍾，謂曰：「此山下當有伏兵，卿可往探之。」 鍾馳進，果有伏兵，一時奔走。 後除南齊國內史，封安丘縣五等侯。 求改葬父祖及親屬十喪，帝厚加資給。
Liu Zhong, courtesy name Shizhi, came from Pengcheng. Orphaned young, he lodged with Liu Hui, administrator of Zhongshan, and spoke boldly despite their poverty. He followed the emperor on campaign and gave everything he had. When the revolt began the emperor made Zhong chief clerk of the commandery, saying, "Every Pengcheng man who joins us may follow Chief Clerk Liu." A loyalist band formed and won every fight. Suspecting ambush below Dongling, the emperor spotted Zhong and said, "There are troops hidden on that slope—go scout them." Zhong charged; hidden troops scattered at once. He later became interior minister of Nanqi and received the fifth-rank marquisate of Anqiu. He petitioned to rebury father, grandfather, and ten kin; the emperor funded it generously.
41
從征廣固，孟龍符於陣陷沒，鍾直入取其屍而反。 盧循逼建鄴，鍾拒柵，身被重創，賊不得入。 循南走，鍾又隨劉藩追徐道覆，斬之。
When Meng Longfu fell at Guanggu, Zhong charged in and retrieved his body. When Lu Xun threatened Jiankang, Zhong held the stakes, badly wounded, and kept the rebels out. After Xun fled south he hunted Xu Daofu with Liu Fan and killed him.
42
後隨朱齡石伐蜀為前鋒，去成都二百里，鍾于時腳疾，齡石乃詣鍾，謀且欲養銳息兵，以伺其隙。 鍾曰：「不然，前揚言大眾向內水，譙道福不敢舍涪城，今重軍卒至，出其不意，蜀人已破膽矣。 賊今阻兵守險，是其懼不敢戰，非能持久也。 因其兇懼攻之，其勢必克； 若緩兵，彼將知人虛實，當為蜀子虜耳。」 齡石從之，明日，陷其二城，徑平成都。 以廣固功，封永新縣男。
Marching on Shu as vanguard with Zhu Lingshi, two hundred li from Chengdu, Zhong was lame; Lingshi came to propose resting the army and waiting for an opening. Zhong objected: "We already said the main force would come by the inner river and Qiao Daofu dared not leave Fucheng; now our army appears suddenly and Shu is already terrified. They hold the passes because they are afraid to fight, not because they can endure. Hit them while panic still grips them and we must win; delay and they will gauge us—and we will be Shu's prisoners." Lingshi agreed; the next day they took two cities and marched straight into Chengdu. For Guanggu he received the barony of Yongxin.
43
虞丘進字豫之，東海郯人也。 少時隨謝玄討苻堅有功，封關內侯。 後從宋武帝征孫恩，頻戰有功。 從定建鄴，除燕國內史，封龍川縣五等侯。
Yu Qiujin, courtesy name Yuzhi, came from Tan in Donghai. As a youth he fought Fu Jian under Xie Xuan and earned a marquisate within the passes. He later campaigned against Sun En with repeated victories. After Jiankang he became interior minister of Yan and received the fifth-rank marquisate of Longchuan.
44
及盧循逼都，孟昶等議奉天子過江，進廷議不可，面折昶等，武帝甚嘉之。 除鄱陽太守。 後隨劉藩斬徐道覆。 義熙九年，以前後功，封望蔡縣男。 永初二年，累遷太子右衛率。 卒，追論討司馬休之功，進爵為子。 傳國至曾孫，齊受禪，國除。
When Lu Xun threatened the capital Meng Chang urged evacuating the emperor across the river; Jin argued against it in open court and won the emperor's praise. He was appointed administrator of Poyang. He later joined Liu Fan in killing Xu Daofu. In Yixi 9 he received the barony of Wangcai for lifetime service. In Yongchu 2 he rose to right commandant of the heir's guard. After death his campaign against Sima Xiuzhi was remembered and he was raised posthumously to viscount. The fief passed to a great-grandson; when Qi took the throne it lapsed.
45
孟懷玉，平昌安丘人也，世居京口。 宋武帝東伐孫恩，以為建武司馬。 豫義旗，從平京口，定建鄴，以功封鄱陽縣五等侯。 盧循逼都，以戰功為中軍諮議參軍。 循平，封陽豐縣男，位江州刺史、南中郎將。 卒官。 無子，國除。
Meng Huaiyu of Anqiu in Pingchang came from a Jingkou family. When the emperor marched east against Sun En he became marshal of the army that established might. He joined the revolt, helped take Jingkou and Jiankang, and received the fifth-rank marquisate of Poyang. When Lu Xun threatened the capital he became an advising aide in the central army for battlefield merit. After Xun's defeat he became baron of Yangfeng, inspector of Jiangzhou, and General of the Southern Gentlemen. He died in office. He left no sons and the fief lapsed.
46
懷玉弟龍符，驍果有膽氣，早為武帝所知，以軍功封平昌縣五等子。 從伐廣固，以車騎參軍加龍驤將軍、廣川太守。 乘勝追奔，被圍見害，追贈青州刺史，封臨沅縣男。
Huaiyu's brother Longfu was daring and fierce; known early to the emperor, he earned the fifth-rank viscounty of Pingchang. At Guanggu he served as chariot aide, Flying Dragon General, and administrator of Guangchuan. Pursuing fleeing enemies he was surrounded and killed; posthumously he became inspector of Qingzhou and baron of Linjiang.
47
胡藩字道序，豫章南昌人也。 少孤，居喪以毀聞。 太守韓伯見之，謂藩叔尚書少廣曰：「卿此侄當以義烈成名。」 州府辟不就，須二弟冠婚畢，乃參郗恢征虜軍事。 時殷仲堪為荊州刺史，藩外兄羅企生為仲堪參軍。 藩過江陵省企生，因說仲堪曰：「桓玄意趣不常，節下崇待太過，非將來計也。」 仲堪不悅。 藩退謂企生曰：「倒戈授人，必至大禍，不早去，後悔無及。」 後玄自夏口襲仲堪，藩參玄後軍軍事。 仲堪敗，企生果以附從及禍。
Hu Fan, courtesy name Daoxu, came from Nanchang in Yuzhang. Orphaned young, he was famed for grieving himself sick over his parents. Administrator Han Bo told Fan's uncle Shaoguang, minister of the masters of writing, "This nephew will win fame by loyal courage." He refused summons until his two brothers were married, then joined Xi Huai's staff. Yin Zhongkan was then inspector of Jingzhou; Fan's cousin Luo Qisheng served on his staff. Visiting Qisheng at Jiangling, Fan warned Zhongkan, "Huan Xuan is unpredictable—you honor him too highly for your own good." Zhongkan took offense. Fan told Qisheng privately, "Handing your sword to another invites ruin—leave now or regret it forever." When Xuan struck from Xiakou, Fan served on his rear-army staff. Zhongkan fell; Qisheng died for staying loyal to him.
48
藩轉參太尉大將軍相國軍事。 宋武帝起兵，玄戰敗將出奔，藩扣馬曰：「今羽林射手猶有八百，皆是義故西人，一旦舍此，欲歸可復得乎？」 玄直以鞭指天而已。 於是奔散相失，追及玄於蕪湖。 玄見藩喜謂張須無曰：「卿州故為多士，今復見王修。」 桑落之敗，藩艦被燒，並鎧入水，潛行三十許步，方得登岸。 乃還家。
Fan moved to staff duty under the grand marshal and chancellor. When the emperor rose, Xuan prepared to flee; Fan grabbed his bridle: "You still have eight hundred western archers—leave now and you can never come back." Xuan only gestured skyward with his whip. They scattered in chaos; Fan caught Xuan again at Wuhu. Seeing Fan, Xuan told Zhang Xu Wu, "Your region breeds real men—here is Wang Xiu again." At Sangluo his ship burned; armored, he swam thirty paces underwater before reaching shore. He went home.
49
武帝素聞藩直言于殷氏，又為玄盡節，召參鎮軍軍事。 從征慕容超，超軍屯聚臨朐。 藩言于武帝曰：「賊屯軍城外，留守必寡，今往取其城而斬其旗幟，此韓信所以克趙也。」 帝乃遣檀韶與藩潛往，即克其城。 賊見城陷，一時奔走，還保廣固。 圍之，將拔之夜，忽有鳥大如鵝，蒼黑色，飛入帝帳裏，眾以為不祥。 藩賀曰：「蒼黑者，胡虜色。 胡虜歸我，大吉之祥。」 明旦攻城，陷之。 從討盧循于左裏，頻戰有功，封吳平縣五等子。
The emperor, knowing Fan had warned Yin and served Xuan faithfully, summoned him to the pacifying army staff. Campaigning against Murong Chao, he found Chao's army massed at Linqu. Fan told the emperor, "They camp outside—the city is empty; seize it and strike down their flags, as Han Xin did at Zhao." The emperor sent Tan Shao and Fan by stealth and they captured it at once. Seeing the city lost, the enemy fled back to Guanggu. On the eve of victory a goose-sized dark bird flew into the imperial tent; men took it for a bad sign. Fan declared, "Dark blue is the barbarians' color. Their surrender is a great omen." At dawn they stormed the city and took it. Fighting Lu Xun at Zuoli he won repeated honors and received the fifth-rank viscounty of Wuping.
50
尋除鄱陽太守，從伐劉毅。 初，毅當之荊州，表求東道還建鄴辭墓。 去都數十里，不過拜闕。 帝出倪塘會毅，藩請殺之，乃謂帝曰：「公謂劉衛軍為公下乎？」 帝曰：「卿謂何如？ 「對曰：「夫豁達大度，功高天下，連百萬之眾，允天人之望，毅固以此服公。 至於涉獵記傳，一詠一談，自許以雄豪，加以誇伐，搢紳白麵之士，輻湊而歸，此毅不肯為公下也。」 帝曰：「吾與毅俱有克復功，其過未彰，不可自相圖。」 至是謂藩曰：「昔從卿倪塘之謀，無今舉也。」
He soon became administrator of Poyang and marched against Liu Yi. When Yi left for Jing Province he asked to swing by Jiankang to mourn at his family tombs. He stopped tens of li from court without paying homage at the palace. The emperor met Yi at Nitang; Fan urged killing him: "Do you think Defender Liu serves under you?" The emperor asked, "What do you think? " Fan answered, "Your breadth and achievement command the realm—Yi submits to that. But his salons, his poetry, his swagger—scholars flock to him. That is Yi refusing to serve under you." The emperor said, "We both restored the dynasty; his disloyalty is not yet proven—we cannot turn on each other." Now he told Fan, "If I had listened at Nitang I would not need this war."
51
又從征司馬休之，復為參軍。 徐逵之敗沒，帝怒，即日於馬頭岸度江。 江津岸壁立數丈，休之臨岸置陣，無由可登。 帝呼藩令上，藩有疑色。 帝怒，命左右錄來，欲斬之。 藩不受命，顧曰：「寧前死耳。」 以刀頭穿岸，劣容腳指徑上，隨之者稍多。 及登，殊死戰，敗之。
He again campaigned against Sima Xiuzhi as a staff officer. After Xu Daizhi's defeat the furious emperor crossed the Yangzi that same day at Matou. The bank rose sheer for yards; Xiuzhi lined the top and offered no foothold. The emperor ordered Fan up; Fan hesitated. Enraged, the emperor had him seized for execution. Fan refused and said, "I would rather die advancing." He dug toeholds with his sword tip and climbed; others followed. At the top they fought desperately and routed Xiuzhi.
52
從伐關中，參太尉軍事，統別軍至河東。 暴風漂輜重艦度北岸，魏軍牽得此艦。 藩氣憤，率左右十二人乘小船徑往。 魏騎五六百，見藩來並笑之。 藩素善射，登岸射之，應弦而倒者十許人。 魏軍皆退，悉收所失而反。 又遣藩及朱超石等追魏軍於半城，魏騎數萬合圍，藩及超石不盈五千，力戰，大破之。 武帝還彭城，參相國軍事。 論平司馬休之及廣固功，封陽山縣男。 元嘉中，位太子左衛率。 卒，諡曰壯侯。 子隆世嗣。
On the Guanzhong expedition he led a detached force to Hedong under the grand marshal. A storm blew a supply ship to the north bank where Wei seized it. Furious, Fan took twelve men in a skiff straight after it. Five or six hundred Wei cavalry saw him and laughed. A fine archer, he shot from shore and dropped a dozen at once. The Wei riders fled and he recovered everything. He sent Fan and Zhu Chao shi after Wei at Bancheng; though surrounded by tens of thousands with fewer than five thousand men they smashed the enemy. Back at Pengcheng he joined the chancellor's staff. For Xiuzhi and Guanggu he received the barony of Yangshan. In Yuanjia he became left commandant of the heir's guard. His posthumous title was Marquis Zhuang. Longshi succeeded him.
53
藩諸子多不遵法度，第十四子遵世同孔熙先逆謀，文帝以藩功臣，不欲顯其事，使江州以他事殺之。 十六子誕世，十七子茂世，後欲奉庶人義康，交州刺史檀和之至豫章討平之。
Most of Fan's sons were unruly; fourteenth son Zunshi joined Kong Xixian's plot, and Emperor Wen had Jiangzhou execute him on a pretext to spare the founder's name. Sixteenth son Danshi and seventeenth Maoshi later backed Prince Yikang; Tan He of Jiao Province crushed them at Yuzhang.
54
劉康祖，彭城呂人也，世居京口。 父虔之，輕財好施，位江夏相。 宋武帝西征司馬休之及魯宗之，宗之子軌襲殺虔之，追贈梁、秦二州刺史，封新康縣男。
Liu Kangzu of Lu in Pengcheng came from a Jingkou family. His father Qianzhi was generous and open-handed and rose to chancellor of Jiangxia. During the western campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, Lu Zongzhi's son Gui murdered Qianzhi; posthumously he was made inspector of Liang and Qin and baron of Xinkang.
55
康祖便弓馬，膂力絕人，以浮蕩蒱酒為事。 每犯法為郡縣所錄，輒越屋踰牆，莫之能禽。 夜入人家，為有司所圍，突圍去，並莫敢追，因夜還京口，半夕便至。 明旦守門詣府州要職，俄而建康移書錄之，府州執事者並證康祖其夕在京口，遂得無恙。 前後屢被糾劾，文帝以勳臣子每原貸之。 後襲封拜員外郎，再坐蒱戲免官。 孝武為豫州刺史，鎮曆陽，以康祖為征虜中兵參軍。 既被委任，折節自修。 曆南平王鑠安蠻府司馬。
Kangzu excelled at bow and saddle and lived by gambling and wine. Whenever arrested he vaulted rooftops and escaped every pursuer. Caught raiding a house at night, he broke out unscathed, raced to Jingkou, and arrived before midnight. At dawn he showed up for official business; when Jiankang ordered his arrest, local officers swore he had been in Jingkou that night and he walked free. Repeatedly impeached, Emperor Wen kept pardoning him as a founder's son. He later inherited the fief, became an outer court gentleman, and twice lost office for gambling. When Emperor Xiaowu held Yuzhou at Liyang he made Kangzu middle army aide. Given responsibility he straightened up. He served as marshal on Prince Shuo of Nanping's barbarian-pacification staff.
56
元嘉二十七年，魏太武帝親率大眾攻圍汝南，文帝遣諸軍救援，康祖總統為前驅。 次新蔡，攻破魏軍，去懸瓠四十里。 太武燒營而還。 轉左軍將軍。 文帝欲大舉北侵，康祖以歲月已晚，請待明年。 上不許。 其年秋，蕭斌、王玄謨、沈慶之等入河，康祖率豫州軍出許、洛。 玄謨等敗歸，南平王鑠在壽陽，上慮為魏所圍，召康祖速反。 康祖回軍，未至壽陽數十里，會魏永昌王以長安之眾八萬騎，與康祖相及于尉武。 康祖有八千人，乃結車營而進。 魏軍四面來攻，眾分為三，且休且戰。 康祖率厲將士，無不一當百，魏軍死者太半，流血沒踝。 矢中頭而死，於是大敗，舉營淪覆，免者裁數十人。 魏人傳康祖首示彭城，面如生。 贈益州刺史，諡曰壯。
In Yuanjia 27 Wei Emperor Taiwu besieged Runan; Emperor Wen sent relief armies with Kangzu in the van. Camping at Xincai he routed Wei forty li from Xuanchi. Taiwu burned his camp and retreated. He became General of the Left Army. Emperor Wen planned a major northern invasion; Kangzu urged waiting until the next year. The emperor refused. That autumn Xiao Bin, Wang Xuanmo, and Shen Qingzhi entered the Yellow River while Kangzu led Yuzhou troops toward Xu and Luoyang. After Xuanmo's defeat Prince Shuo at Shouyang seemed trapped; the emperor ordered Kangzu back at once. Marching back, still miles from Shouyang, he met Prince Yongchang of Wei with eighty thousand Chang'an cavalry at Yuwu. With eight thousand men he locked wagons and advanced. Wei attacked from all sides; his men fought in three rotating shifts. Kangzu drove his men to fight one against a hundred; half the Wei army died and blood reached their ankles. An arrow took his head; the camp collapsed and only dozens escaped. Wei paraded his head at Pengcheng; his face looked alive. Posthumously he was made inspector of Yi with the title Zhuang.
57
康祖伯父簡之，有志幹，為宋武帝所知。 帝將謀興復，收集才力之士，嘗再造簡之，會有客。 簡之悟其意，謂虔之曰：「劉下邳再來，必當有意。 既不得語，汝可試往見之。」 及虔之至，武帝已克京口。 虔之即投義。 簡之聞之，殺耕牛，會眾以赴之。 位太尉諮議參軍。 簡之弟謙之，好學，撰晉紀二十卷，位廣州刺史，太中大夫。
Kangzu's uncle Jianzhi was capable and known to the emperor. Planning restoration, the emperor visited Jianzhi twice while guests were there. Jianzhi read his intent and told Qianzhi, "Lord Liu of Xiapi came again—he wants something. He could not speak openly—you should visit him." When Qianzhi went the emperor had already seized Jingkou. Qianzhi joined the revolt at once. Hearing this Jianzhi slaughtered an ox, rallied neighbors, and rushed to join. He rose to advising aide to the grand marshal. Jianzhi's brother Qianzhi was a scholar, wrote Jin Annals in twenty scrolls, and became administrator of Guangzhou and palace grand master.
58
簡之子道產，初為無錫令，襲爵晉安縣五等侯。 元嘉三年，累遷梁、南秦二州刺史，加都督。 在州有惠化。 後為雍州刺史、領甯蠻校尉，加都督，兼襄陽太守。 善於臨職，在雍部政績尤著，蠻夷前後不受化者皆順服，百姓樂業，由此有襄陽樂歌，自道產始也。 卒於官，諡曰襄侯。 道產澤被西土，及喪還，諸蠻皆備縗絰號哭，追送至於沔口。
Jianzhi's son Daocan began as magistrate of Wuxi and inherited the fifth-rank marquisate of Jin'an. In Yuanjia 3 he became inspector of Liang and Southern Qin with overall command. He governed the province with humane reform. He later became inspector of Yong, commander who pacifies the barbarians, and concurrently administrator of Xiangyang. He excelled in office; barbarians long unsubmissive yielded, the people thrived, and Xiangyang joy-songs began with him. He died in office with posthumous title Marquis Xiang. When his bier returned, barbarians wore mourning and wailed him to the Han river.
59
三年，南兗州刺史竟陵王誕有罪不受征，延孫馳遣中兵參軍杜幼文赴討。 及至，誕已閉城自守，乃還。 誕遣劉公泰齎書要之，延孫斬公泰，送首建鄴，復遣幼文受沈慶之節度。
In year 3 Prince Dan of Jingling, inspector of Southern Yanzhou, rebelled; Yansun sent Du Youwen against him. Dan had already barred the gates; they withdrew. Dan sent Liu Gongtai to recruit him; Yansun executed Gongtai, sent his head to court, and put Youwen under Shen Qingzhi.
60
五年，詔延孫曰：「舊京樹親，由來常准。 今此防久弭，當以還授小兒。」 乃征延孫為侍中、尚書左僕射，領護軍。 延孫病，不任拜赴。 卒，贈司徒，給班劍二十人。 有司奏諡忠穆，詔改為文穆。 子質嗣。
In year 5 an edict told Yansun, "The old capital's fief for imperial kin has always been the rule. That post has been quiet too long—it should go back to the younger prince." Yansun was recalled as palace attendant, left vice director, and Protector of the Army. Ill, Yansun could not take up the post. He died before assuming office and was posthumously made grand marshal with twenty guard swords. Officials proposed posthumous title Zhongmu; the emperor changed it to Wenmu. His son Zhi succeeded.
61
論曰：劉敬宣與宋武恩結龍潛，義分早合，雖興復之始，事隔逢迎，而深期久要，未之或爽。 隆赫之任，遂止於人存，飾終之數，無聞於身後。 恩禮之有厚薄，將別有以乎？ 劉懷肅、劉懷慎、劉粹、孫處、蒯恩、向靖、劉鍾、虞丘進、孟懷玉、孟龍符、胡藩等，或階緣恩舊，一其心力，或攀附風雲，奮其鱗羽，咸能振拔塵滓，自致封侯。 詩云：「無德不報」，其言信矣。 康祖門奉興王，早裂封壤，受委疆埸，赴蹈為期。 道產樹績漢南，歷年踰十，遺風餘烈，有足稱焉。 覽其行事，可謂異跡均美。 延孫隆名盛寵，擇而後授，遂以腹心之托，自致宗臣之重，亦其遇也。
Commentary: Liu Jingxuan and Emperor Wu bonded in obscurity; though early restoration kept them apart, their long trust never broke. Grand rank came only in life; no posthumous glory followed. Was the uneven favor in gifts and rites deliberate? Huaisu, Huaishen, Cui, Sun Chu, Kuai En, Xiang Jing, Zhong, Yu Qiujin, Huaiyu, Longfu, Hu Fan, and others—some repaid old debts, some rode the rising tide—all climbed from the mud to enfeoffment. The Odes say, "Virtue is never unrewarded"—truly so. Kangzu's clan served the founding king, took early fiefs, held the frontier, and died as duty demanded. Daocan built merit in the Han south for a decade; his legacy deserves remembrance. Their careers differ yet shine equally. Yansun won great name and favor, was chosen before promotion, earned the emperor's inner trust and pillar status—such was his luck.