1
列傳第二十二
Biographies 22
2
桓玄篡位，父敞先為尚書，以答事微謬，降為廷尉卿。 及宋武帝討桓玄，邵白敞表獻忠款，帝大悅，命署寺門曰：「有犯張廷尉家者，軍法論。」 事平，以敞為吳郡太守。 及王謐為揚州，召邵補主簿。
After Huan Xuan seized the throne, Shao's father Chang, who had served as minister of the interior, was demoted to minister of justice over a small mistake in official paperwork. When Liu Yu marched against Huan Xuan, Shao had his father submit a memorial of loyalty. Delighted, the emperor ordered posted at the ministry gate: "Anyone who harms Minister of Justice Chang's household will be dealt with by military law." Once the rebellion was crushed, Chang was made governor of Wu Commandery. When Wang Mi took charge of Yang Province, he called Shao in as chief clerk.
3
劉毅位居亞相，好士愛才，當世莫不輻湊，唯邵不往。 親故怪而問之，邵曰：「主公命世人傑，何煩多問。」 劉穆之言於帝，帝益親之，轉太尉參軍，署長流賊曹。
Liu Yi ranked just below the chief minister, loved scholars, and drew every ambitious man of the age—except Shao, who never visited. Kinsmen and friends asked why; Shao replied, "Our master is a hero of the age. Why pester him with needless questions?" Liu Muzhi told the emperor, who drew Shao closer still, made him a staff secretary under the grand commandant, and put him in charge of river-bandits and long-distance fugitives.
4
盧循至蔡洲，武帝至石頭，使邵守南城。 時百姓水際望賊，帝不解其意，以問邵。 邵曰：「節鉞未反，奔散之不暇，亦何暇觀望，今當無復恐耳。」 帝以邵勤練憂公，重補州主簿。 邵悉心政事，精力絕人，及誅劉藩，邵時在西州直廬，即夜誡眾曹曰：「大軍當大討，可各各條倉庫及舟船人領，至曉取辦。」 旦日，帝求諸簿最，應時即至，怪問其速。 諸曹答曰：「宿受張主簿處分。」 帝曰：「張邵可謂同人憂慮矣。」
When Lu Xun reached Caizhou, Liu Yu came to Shitou and left Shao to defend the southern wall. People along the riverbank were watching the enemy camp; the emperor did not understand why and asked Shao. Shao said, "The command baton has not come back yet, so they are too busy to flee—let alone gawk. Their fear should be over now." Impressed by Shao's tireless devotion to duty, the emperor reappointed him provincial chief clerk. Shao threw himself into governance with extraordinary energy. On the night Liu Fan was executed, Shao was on night duty in the western office and immediately warned every bureau: "A major campaign is coming. List every warehouse, boat, ship, and roster of personnel—have it all ready by dawn." At daybreak the emperor demanded the registers and they appeared instantly. Astonished, he asked how they were ready so quickly. The clerks answered, "Chief Clerk Zhang gave us our orders last night." The emperor said, "Zhang Shao truly shares the burden with his colleagues."
5
九年，世子始開徵虜府，以邵補錄事參軍，轉號中軍，遷諮議參軍，領記室。
In the ninth year the heir opened the Pacification-of-Captives headquarters. Shao became recording secretary, then moved to the central army, rose to advisory secretary, and headed the secretariat.
6
十一年，武帝北伐，邵請見曰：「人生危脆，宜有遠慮。 若劉穆之邂逅不幸，誰可代之？ 尊業如此，若有不諱，則處分雲何？」 帝曰：「此自委穆之與卿耳。」
In the eleventh year, before the northern campaign, Shao asked to see the emperor and said, "Life is fragile. You should plan for the distant future. If Liu Muzhi were to die unexpectedly, who could take his place? Your enterprise stands at its height—if the worst befell you, how would the realm be governed?" The emperor answered, "I leave that to Muzhi—and to you."
7
青州刺史檀祗鎮廣陵，輒率眾至滁中掩討亡命，劉穆之慮其為變，議欲遣軍。 邵曰：「檀韶據中流，道濟為軍首，若有相疑之跡，則大府立危。 不如逆遣慰勞，必無患也。」 祗果不動。
Tan Zhi, governor of Qing Province, garrisoned at Guangling and on his own authority marched to Chuzhong to hunt fugitives. Liu Muzhi feared a mutiny and considered sending troops. Shao said, "Tan Shao holds the midstream and Tan Daoji commands the army. Any hint of mutual suspicion would put the grand headquarters in instant danger. Send envoys ahead with words of reassurance instead—there will be no trouble." Tan Zhi did not stir.
8
及穆之暴卒，朝廷恇懼，便發詔以司馬徐羨之代之。 邵獨曰：「今誠急病，任終在徐； 然世子無專行之義，宜須諮。」 信反，方使世子出命曰：「朝廷及大府事悉諮徐司馬，其餘啟還。」 武帝善其臨事不撓，得大臣節。
When Muzhi died suddenly, the court panicked and immediately issued an edict naming Marshal Xu Xianzhi as his successor. Shao alone objected: "This is a true emergency, and Xu will ultimately bear the charge; but the heir has no right to act alone. He must be consulted first." When the messenger returned, the heir was made to order: "All court and headquarters business goes to Marshal Xu; everything else comes back to me." The emperor praised his steadiness under pressure and said he had shown a great minister's resolve.
9
十四年，世子改授荊州，邵諫曰：「儲貳之重，四海所系，不宜外出，敢以死請。」 世子竟不行。
In the fourteenth year the heir was reassigned to Jing Province. Shao protested: "The heir apparent holds the realm together. He must not leave the capital. I beg this even at the cost of my life." In the end the heir did not go.
10
文帝為中郎將、荊州刺史，以邵為司馬，領南郡相，眾事悉決于邵。 武帝受命，以佐命功封臨沮伯。 分荊州立湘州，以邵為刺史，將署府，邵以長沙內地，非用武之國，置府妨人，乖為政要。 從之。 荊州刺史謝晦反，遺書要邵，邵不發函，使呈文帝。
When Emperor Wen was middle general and governor of Jing Province, he made Shao his marshal and concurrent administrator of Nan Commandery, leaving all business to him. When Liu Yu took the throne, Shao was enfeoffed as Baron of Linju for helping establish the dynasty. When Xiang Province was carved from Jing Province, Shao was named governor. About to establish his headquarters, he argued that inland Changsha was no place for a military camp and that setting up offices would burden the people and betray good governance. They agreed. When Xie Hui, governor of Jing Province, rebelled, he sent a letter summoning Shao. Shao left the seal unbroken and had it shown to Emperor Wen.
11
元嘉五年，轉征虜將軍，領甯蠻校尉、雍州刺史，加都督。 初，王華與邵不和，及華參要，親舊為之危心。 邵曰：「子陵方弘至公，豈以私隙害正義。」 是任也，華實舉之。
In Yuanjia 5 he became general who pacifies the barbarians, colonel who pacifies the Man, and governor of Yong Province, with area command added. Wang Hua and Shao had once been at odds; when Hua entered the inner council, friends feared for Shao. Shao said, "Ziling now pursues the public good. He would not let a private quarrel override justice." Hua had in fact recommended him for the post.
12
及至襄陽，築長圍，修立堤堰，創田數千頃，公私充給。 丹、淅二川蠻屢為寇，邵誘其帥並出，因大會誅之，遣軍掩其村落，悉禽。 既失信群蠻，所在並起，水陸路斷。 七年，子敷至襄陽定省，當還都，群蠻欲斷取之，會蠕蠕國獻使下，蠻以為是敷，因掠之。 邵坐降號揚烈將軍。
At Xiangyang he built long siege lines, repaired dikes and sluices, and opened thousands of qing of farmland until public and private stores overflowed. Tribes along the Dan and Xi repeatedly raided. Shao lured their chiefs to a gathering, executed them at the feast, then sent troops to overrun their villages and capture everyone. Having betrayed the tribes, he faced revolts everywhere; land and water routes were severed. In the seventh year his son Fu visited Xiangyang and was returning to court when tribesmen meant to seize him. A Rouran envoy came downriver; mistaking him for Fu, they robbed the envoy instead. Shao was demoted to general of yang might.
13
江夏王義恭鎮江陵，以邵為撫軍長史、持節、南蠻校尉。 九年，坐在雍州營私畜取贓貨二百四十五萬，下廷尉，免官削爵土。 後為吳興太守，卒。 追復爵邑，諡曰簡伯。
When Prince Yigong of Jiangxia held Jiangling, he made Shao chief secretary of the pacification army, with credential staff and the title colonel of the southern barbarians. In the ninth year he was accused of privately hoarding goods and taking bribes worth 2,450,000 in Yong Province. Tried by the minister of justice, he was dismissed and stripped of rank and fief. He later served as governor of Wuxing and died in office. Posthumously his title and fief were restored and he was given the posthumous name Jian.
14
邵臨終遺命，祭以菜果，葦席為車需車，諸子從焉。 長子敷。
On his deathbed Shao ordered that his rites use only vegetables and fruit, with reed mats for the hearse; his sons obeyed. His eldest son was Fu.
15
敷字景胤，生而母亡。 年數歲問知之，雖童蒙便有感慕之色。 至十歲許，求母遺物，而散施已盡，唯得一扇，乃緘錄之。 每至感思，輒開笥流涕。 見從母，悲感哽咽。
Fu, styled Jingyin, lost his mother at birth. When he was only a few years old he learned what had happened; even as a small child his face showed longing and grief. Around ten he searched for his mother's belongings, but everything had been given away except a fan, which he sealed away and kept. Whenever longing overwhelmed him he opened the chest and wept. At the sight of his mother's sister he would choke with sorrow.
16
性整貴，風韻甚高，好讀玄言，兼屬文論。 初，父邵使與高士南陽宗少文談系象，往復數番。 少文每欲屈，握麈尾歎曰：「吾道東矣。」 於是名價日重。
Upright and noble by nature, with the highest refinement of bearing, he loved Dark Learning and wrote essays as well. Early on his father had him debate cosmic patterns with the recluse Zong Shaowen of Nanyang; they went back and forth several times. Shaowen, about to concede each time, would grip his fly-whisk and sigh: "My Way has gone east." From then his reputation rose daily.
17
宋武帝聞其美，召見奇之，曰：「真千里駒也。」 以為世子中軍參軍，數見接引。 累遷江夏王義恭撫軍記室參軍。 義恭就文帝求一學義沙門，會敷赴假還江陵，入辭，文帝令以後車載沙門往，謂曰：「道中可得言晤。」 敷不奉詔，曰：「臣性不耐雜。」 上甚不悅。
Emperor Wu of Song heard of him, summoned him, and marveled: "A true thousand-li colt." He became middle army secretary to the heir and was often received in audience. He rose to recording secretary on the pacification staff of Prince Yigong of Jiangxia. Yigong asked Emperor Wen for a learned monk; as Fu was returning to Jiangling on leave, the emperor had a monk ride in the rear carriage and said, "You may talk doctrine on the road." Fu refused the order: "By nature I cannot endure clutter." The emperor was deeply displeased.
18
遷正員中書郎。 敷小名樝，父邵小名梨。 文帝戲之曰：「樝何如梨？」 答曰：「梨是百果之宗，樝何敢比也。」 中書舍人秋當、周赳並管要務，以敷同省名家欲詣之。 赳曰：「彼若不相容接，便不如勿往，詎可輕行。」 當曰：「吾等並已員外郎矣，何憂不得共坐。」 敷先旁設二床，去壁三四尺。 二客就席，敷呼左右曰：「移我遠客。」 赳等失色而去，其自標遇如此。
He was promoted to regular attendant of the secretariat. Fu's childhood name was Zha; his father Shao's was Li. Emperor Wen teased him: "How does Zha compare with Li?" He answered: "The pear is sovereign among fruits. How dare Zha compare? Secretariat attendants Qiu Dang and Zhou Jiu handled weighty affairs and, because Fu was a famous colleague, wanted to call on him. Jiu said, "If he won't receive us properly, we'd better not go. How can we visit so casually?" Dang said, "We're already outer-office gentlemen. Why worry we can't sit together? Fu first placed two seats to one side, three or four chi from the wall. When the guests sat down, Fu called to his attendants: "Move me farther from these distant guests." Jiu and the others blanched and left. Such was the way he marked his standing.
19
善持音儀，盡詳緩之致，與人別，執手曰：「念相聞。」 餘響久之不絕。 張氏後進皆慕之，其源起自敷也。
Master of tone and bearing, graceful in every detail, he would take people's hands at parting and say, "Think of keeping in touch." The lingering sound hung in the air. Younger Zhangs all imitated him; the fashion began with Fu.
20
遷黃門侍郎，始興王浚後將軍司徒左長史，未拜，父在吳興亡，成服凡十餘日，始進水漿。 葬畢不進鹽菜，遂毀瘠成疾。 伯父茂度每止譬之，輒更感慟，絕而復續。 茂度曰：「我冀譬汝有益，但更甚耳。」 自是不復往。 未期而卒。 孝武即位，詔旌其孝道，追贈侍中，改其所居稱孝張裏。
Promoted to gentleman of the yellow gate and slated for left chief secretary to Prince Jun of Shixing, rear general and minister of works, he had not yet taken up the post when his father died in Wuxing. He mourned more than ten days before drinking even water. After the burial he ate no salt or vegetables and wasted away into illness. His uncle Maodu often tried to comfort him, but each visit only deepened Fu's grief until he fainted and revived. Maodu said, "I hoped comfort would help, but it only makes it worse." After that he stopped coming. He died before mourning ended. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne he honored Fu's filial piety, posthumously made him attendant-in-ordinary, and renamed his lane Filial Zhang Lane.
21
敷弟柬襲父封，位通直郎。 柬勇力，手格猛獸，元凶以為輔國將軍。 孝武至新亭，柬出奔，墜淮死。 子式嗣。 弟沖。
Fu's brother Jian inherited the fief and served as direct gentleman. Jian was strong enough to wrestle fierce beasts bare-handed; the crown prince made him general who assists the state. When Emperor Xiaowu reached Xinting, Jian fled, fell into the Huai, and drowned. His son Shi succeeded. Younger brother Chong.
22
沖字思約，出繼伯父敷。 沖母戴顒女，有儀范，張氏內取則焉。 沖少有至性，隨從叔永為將帥，除盱眙太守。 永征彭城遇寒，軍人足脛凍斷者十七八，沖足指皆墮。 齊永明八年，為假節，監青冀二州行刺史事。 沖父初卒，遺命「祭我必以鄉土所產，無用牲物」。 沖在鎮，四時還吳國取果菜，每至烝嘗，輒流涕薦焉。 仍轉刺史。
Chong, styled Siyue, was adopted to continue his uncle Fu's line. Chong's mother, a daughter of Dai Yong, had dignity and grace and set the standard within the Zhang household. From youth Chong showed deep filial feeling. Following his uncle Yong as a commander, he became governor of Xuyi. When Yong marched on Pengcheng in bitter cold, nearly eight in ten soldiers lost feet or shins to frostbite; Chong lost all his toes. In Yongming 8 he held provisional credentials and supervised acting governors of Qing and Ji provinces. When Chong's father died he left instructions: "Sacrifice to me only with local produce from home—no sacrificial animals." While in office he sent each season to Wu for fruit and vegetables and wept as he offered them at every seasonal rite. He was then made full governor.
23
永元二年，為南兗州刺史，遷司州。 裴叔業以壽春降魏，又遷沖南兗州刺史，並未拜。 崔慧景事平，征建安王寶夤還都，以沖為郢州刺史，一歲之中，頻授四州刺史，至是乃受任，封定襄侯。
In Yongyuan 2 he became governor of Southern Yan Province, then moved to Si Province. When Pei Shuye surrendered Shouyang to Wei, Chong was again named governor of Southern Yan Province, but he never took either post. After Cui Huijing's revolt was crushed, the court recalled Prince Bao of Jian'an and made Chong governor of Ying Province. Within a year he was offered four provincial governorships; only then did he accept, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Dingxiang.
24
梁武帝起兵，手書喻意，又遣辯士說之，沖確然不回。 東昏遣驍騎將軍薛元嗣、制局監暨榮伯領兵及糧運送沖，使拒西師。 元嗣等懲劉山陽之敗，疑沖不敢進，停住夏首浦。 聞梁武師將至，元嗣、榮伯相率入郢城。 時竟陵太守房僧寄被代還至郢，東昏敕僧寄留守魯山，除驍騎將軍。 僧寄謂沖曰：「下官雖未荷朝廷深恩，實蒙先帝厚澤。 蔭其樹者不折其枝，實欲微立塵效。」 沖深相許諾，共結盟誓，分部拒守。 遣軍主孫樂祖數千人助僧寄據魯山岸立城壘。
When Emperor Wu of Liang raised his banner he wrote personally and sent eloquent envoys to win Chong over, but Chong would not budge. Emperor Donghun sent fierce cavalry general Xue Yuansi and control-bureau inspector Ji Rongbo with troops and grain to reinforce Chong and hold the western army at bay. Yuansi and the others, chastened by Liu Shanyang's defeat, doubted Chong would advance and halted at Xiashou Ford. When they heard Liang Wu's army was near, Yuansi and Rongbo entered Ying city together. At that time Fang Sengji, acting governor of Jingling, was returning to Ying after being replaced. Donghun ordered him to hold Lushan and made him fierce cavalry general. Sengji told Chong, "I may not owe the court deep favor, but I owe the late emperor a heavy debt. One who enjoys a tree's shade does not break its branches. I wish to render some small service." Chong pledged himself deeply. They swore an alliance and divided forces to hold their positions. He sent army commander Sun Lezu with several thousand men to help Sengji hold the Lushan shore and build fortifications.
25
明年二月，梁武圍魯山城，遣軍主曹景宗等過江攻郢城。 沖中兵參軍陳光靜等間出擊之，光靜戰死，沖固守不出。 病將死，厲府僚以誠節，言終而卒。 元嗣、榮伯與衝子孜及長史江夏程茂固守。 東昏詔贈沖散騎常侍、護軍將軍。
The next second month Liang Wu besieged Lushan and sent commanders like Cao Jingzong across the river to attack Ying city. Chong's secretary Chen Guangjing slipped out to attack them, died in battle, and Chong held firm without sallying forth. Ill and near death, he sternly charged his staff to hold loyal and died as he finished speaking. Yuansi, Rongbo, Chong's son Zi, and chief secretary Cheng Mao of Jiangxia continued the defense. Donghun posthumously made Chong attendant-in-ordinary and general who protects the army.
26
元嗣等處圍城之中，無他經略，唯迎蔣子文及蘇侯神，日禺中於州聽上祀以求福，鈴鐸聲晝夜不止。 又使子文導從登陴巡行，旦日輒復如之。 識者知其將亡。
Trapped in the siege with no strategy, Yuansi and the others only welcomed Jiang Ziwen and the spirit of Marquis Su, offering sacrifice at noon in the provincial hall for blessing, bells and clappers ringing day and night. They also had Ziwen as guide patrol the walls; each dawn they did the same again. Those who understood knew they were doomed.
27
僧寄病死，孫樂祖窘，以城降。
Sengji died of illness. Hard pressed, Sun Lezu surrendered the city.
28
郢被圍二百餘日，士庶病死者七八百家。 魯山陷後二日，程茂及元嗣等議降，使孜為書與梁武帝。 沖故吏青州中從事房長瑜謂孜曰：「前使君忠貫昊天，操愈松竹，郎君但當端坐畫一，以荷析薪。 若天運不與，幅巾待命，以下從使君。 今若隨諸人之計，非唯郢州士女失高山之望，亦恐彼所不取也。」 不從，卒以郢城降。 時以沖及房僧寄比臧洪之被圍也。 贈僧寄益州刺史。
Ying was besieged over two hundred days; seven or eight hundred households of officials and commoners died of sickness. Two days after Lushan fell, Cheng Mao and Yuansi debated surrender and had Zi write to Emperor Wu of Liang. Chong's former clerk Fang Changyu told Zi, "Your father's loyalty pierced heaven and his integrity surpassed pine and bamboo. You need only sit upright and draw one line to bear the burden of firewood. If Heaven's fortune fails, wrap your head in cloth and await fate, then follow your father below. If you follow the others now, not only will the people of Ying lose their pillar, I fear the enemy will not accept it either." They refused. Ying city surrendered. At the time Chong and Fang Sengji were compared to Zang Hong under siege. Sengji was posthumously made governor of Yi Province.
29
暢字少微，邵兄褘子也。 褘少有操行，為晉琅邪王國郎中令。 從王至洛。 還京都，宋武帝封藥酒一罌付褘，使密加酖毒，受命於道自飲而卒。
Chang, styled Shaowei, was the son of Shao's elder brother Hui. Hui from youth had integrity and served as director of the bureau of the Prince of Langye's kingdom. He followed the prince to Luoyang. Returning to the capital, Liu Yu gave Hui a jar of medicinal wine and ordered him to add poison in secret. On the road he drank it himself and died.
30
暢少與從兄敷、演、鏡齊名，為後進之秀。 起家為太守徐佩之主簿，佩之被誅，暢馳出奔赴，制服盡哀，為論者所美。 弟牧嘗為猘犬所傷，醫雲宜食蝦蟆，牧甚難之。 暢含笑先嘗，牧因此乃食，創亦即愈。
From youth Chang was famed with cousins Fu, Yan, and Jing as the finest of the younger generation. He first served as chief clerk to Governor Xu Peizhi. When Peizhi was executed, Chang galloped out to attend him, wore mourning, and grieved fully—commentators praised him. His brother Mu was bitten by a mad dog; the physician said he should eat toads, which Mu found unbearable. Chang smiled, tasted first, and Mu then ate and healed.
31
累遷太子中庶子。 孝武鎮彭城，暢為安北長史、沛郡太守。 元嘉二十七年，魏太武南征，太尉江夏王義恭統諸軍出鎮彭城。 太武親率大眾，去彭城數十里。 彭城眾力雖多，軍食不足，義恭欲棄彭城南歸，計議彌日不定。 時曆城眾少食多，安北中兵參軍沈慶之議欲以車營為函箱陣，精兵為外翼，奉二王及妃媛直趨曆城，分城兵配護軍將軍蕭思話留守。 太尉長史何勖不同，欲席捲奔鬱洲，自海道還都。 二議未決，更集群僚謀之。 暢曰：
He rose to junior mentor of the heir apparent. When Emperor Xiaowu held Pengcheng, Chang was chief secretary of the northern pacification army and governor of Pei Commandery. In Yuanjia 27 the Wei emperor Taiwu marched south. Grand commandant Prince Yigong of Jiangxia took the field to hold Pengcheng. Taiwu personally led the great host to within several tens of li of Pengcheng. Though Pengcheng's forces were many, provisions ran short. Yigong wished to abandon Pengcheng and retreat south; deliberation lasted a whole day without decision. Licheng had many troops but little food. Shen Qingzhi, middle army secretary of the northern pacification army, proposed wagons in box formation, elite troops as outer wings, escorting the two princes and consorts straight to Licheng while garrison troops under General Xiao Sihua held the city. Chief secretary He Xu disagreed and wanted to flee wholesale to Yuzhou and return to court by sea. With both plans unsettled, they gathered the staff again. Chang said:
32
「若曆城、鬱洲有可至之理，下官敢不高贊。 今城內乏食，百姓咸有走情，但以關扃嚴固，欲去莫從耳。 若一旦動腳，則各自散走，欲至所在，何由可得？ 今軍食雖寡，朝夕猶未窘罄，豈有舍萬安之術，而就危亡之道。 若此計必用，下官請以頸血汙君馬跡。」 孝武聞暢議，謂義恭曰：「張長史言不可異也。」 義恭乃止。
"If Licheng and Yuzhou were reachable, I would not fail to approve. But provisions inside are scarce and everyone wants to flee; only strict gates keep them from running. Stir once and each will scatter—how then can we reach anywhere? Our grain is thin but not yet gone. How can we abandon safety for ruin? If you take that plan, I ask to stain your horse's tracks with my neck's blood." Emperor Xiaowu heard Chang and told Yigong, "Chief Secretary Zhang's words must stand." Yigong stopped.
33
魏太武得至，仍登城南亞父塚，于戲馬台立氈屋。 先是隊主蒯應見執，其日晡時，太武遣送應至小巿門致意，求甘蔗及酒。 孝武遣人送酒二器，甘蔗百挺； 求駱駝。 明日，太武又自上戲馬台，復遣使至小巿門求與孝武相見，遣送駱駝並致雜物，使于南門受之。 暢于城上與魏尚書李孝伯語。 孝伯問：「君何姓？」 答云：「姓張。」 孝伯曰：「張長史。」 暢曰：「君何得見識？」 孝伯曰：「君聲名遠聞，足使我知。」 因言說久之。 城內有具思者嘗在魏，義恭遣視，知是孝伯，乃開門進餉物。
When Taiwu arrived he climbed the southern mound of Qi's foster father and set up a felt tent on the Play-Horses Terrace. Earlier squad leader Kuai Ying had been captured. That afternoon Taiwu sent Ying to the small market gate with greetings, asking for sugarcane and wine. Emperor Xiaowu sent two jars of wine and a hundred stalks of sugarcane; they asked for camels. The next day Taiwu again ascended the Play-Horses Terrace and sent envoys to the small market gate asking to meet Emperor Xiaowu, sending camels and goods to be received at the south gate. Chang on the wall spoke with Wei minister Li Xiaobo. Xiaobo asked, "What is your surname?" He answered, "Zhang." Xiaobo said, "Chief Secretary Zhang." Chang said, "How do you know me?" Xiaobo said, "Your fame reaches far—that is enough to know you." They then spoke at length. Within the city was Ju Si, who had served in Wei. Yigong sent to look, recognized Xiaobo, and opened the gate to send provisions.
34
太武又求酒及甘橘，暢宣孝武旨，又致螺杯雜粽，南土所珍。 太武復令孝伯傳語曰：「魏主有詔借博具。」 暢曰：「博具當為申致，有詔之言，政可施于彼國，何得稱之於此。」 孝伯曰：「鄰國之君，何為不稱詔於鄰國之臣？」 暢曰：「君之此稱，尚不可聞于中華，況在諸王之貴，而獨曰鄰國之君邪。」 孝伯曰：「魏主言太尉、鎮軍久闕南信，殊當憂邑，若欲遣信，當為護送。」 暢曰：「此方間路甚多，不復以此勞魏主。」 孝伯曰：「亦知有水路，似為白賊所斷。」 暢曰：「君著白衣，故稱白賊邪？」 孝伯大笑曰：「今之白賊亦不異黃巾、赤眉。」 暢曰：「黃巾、赤眉似不在江南。」 孝伯曰：「亦不離青、徐。」 暢曰：「今者青、徐實為有賊，但非白賊耳。」 又求博具，俄送與。
Taiwu again asked for wine and sweet oranges. Chang announced Emperor Xiaowu's reply and sent spiral cups and assorted rice dumplings, southern delicacies. Taiwu again had Xiaobo relay: "The Wei lord has an edict to borrow gaming pieces." Chang said, "Gaming pieces I will send. But 'has an edict' applies to their country—how can it be spoken here?" Xiaobo said, "Why may a neighboring lord not speak of an edict to a neighboring minister?" Chang said, "That way of speaking should not be heard even in the Central Lands—much less among princes. Can one simply say 'neighboring lord'?" Xiaobo said, "The Wei lord says the grand commandant and pacification general have long lacked news from the south and are deeply troubled. If you wish to send messages, he will escort them." Chang said, "This region has many routes. We need not trouble the Wei lord." Xiaobo said, "We know there is a water route too, but white bandits seem to have cut it." Chang said, "You wear white robes—so you call them white bandits?" Xiaobo laughed: "Today's white bandits are no different from the Yellow Turbans and Red Eyebrows." Chang said, "Yellow Turbans and Red Eyebrows are not south of the Yangtze." Xiaobo said, "Nor are they far from Qing and Xu." Chang said, "Qing and Xu do have bandits today—but not white ones." They asked again for gaming pieces and soon received them.
35
太武又遣送氈及九種鹽並胡豉，云：「此諸鹽各有所宜：白鹽是魏主所食； 黑者療腹脹氣懣，細刮取六銖，以酒服之； 胡鹽療目痛； 柔鹽不用食，療馬脊創； 赤鹽、駁鹽、臭鹽、馬齒鹽四種，並不中食。 胡豉亦中噉。」 又求黃甘，並云：「魏主致意太尉、安北，何不遣人來至我間？ 彼此之情雖不可盡，要須見我小大，知我老少，觀我為人。 若諸佐不可遣，亦可使僮來。」 暢又宣旨答曰：「魏主形狀才力，久為來往所具，李尚書親自銜命，不患彼此不盡。 故不復遣信。」 又云：「魏主恨向所送馬殊不稱意，安北若須大馬，當更送之； 脫須蜀馬，亦有佳者。」 暢曰：「安北不乏良駟，送自彼意，非此所求。」 義恭又餉炬燭十挺，孝武亦致錦一匹。 又曰：「知更須黃甘，誠非所吝，但會不足周彼一軍。 向給魏主，未應便乏，故不復重付。」
Taiwu again sent felt rugs, nine kinds of salt, and fermented bean paste, saying: "Each salt has its use: white salt is what the Wei lord eats; black cures abdominal swelling—scrape six zhu fine and take with wine; Hu salt cures eye pain; soft salt is not for eating—it treats wounds on a horse's spine; red, mottled, stinking, and horse-tooth salt—four kinds—are unfit for food. The fermented bean paste is also good to eat." They asked for yellow sweet oranges and said: "The Wei lord greets the grand commandant and northern pacification general. Why not send someone to visit us? Feelings between us cannot be fully told, but you should at least see our young and old, know our ages, and observe what manner of men we are. If your aides cannot come, send servants." Chang replied: "The Wei lord's form and strength have long been known through exchanges. Minister Li bears the charge in person—feelings will be fully expressed. Therefore we send no messenger again." They also said: "The Wei lord regrets the horses sent earlier were unsatisfactory. If the northern pacification general needs large horses, more may be sent; if Shu horses are needed, fine ones are available too." Chang said, "The northern pacification general lacks no fine steeds. The gift came from their side, not from a request here. Yigong also sent ten bundles of torch candles; Emperor Xiaowu sent a bolt of brocade. They also said, "Knowing you need yellow sweet oranges—we are not stingy, but the season cannot supply their whole army. What we gave the Wei lord earlier should not be exhausted—therefore we do not send again."
36
太武復求甘蔗安石榴，暢曰：「石榴出自鄴下，亦當非彼所乏。」 孝伯曰：「君南土膏粱，何為著屩？ 君而著此，使將士雲何？」 暢曰：「膏粱之言，誠為多愧，但以不武，受命統軍，戎陣之間，不容緩服。」
Taiwu again asked for sugarcane and pomegranates. Chang said, "Pomegranates come from below Ye—they cannot be lacking there either." Xiaobo said, "You, a fine grain of the south—why wear straw sandals? You wearing these—what are your officers and soldiers to do?" Chang said, "Fine grain' is much to blush at—but unwarlike as I am, charged to command between battle lines, one cannot wear loose robes."
37
太武又遣就二王借箜篌、琵琶、箏、笛等器及棋子。 孝伯辭辯亦北土之美，暢隨宜應答，吐屬如流，音韻詳雅，風儀華潤。 孝伯及左右人並相視歎息。
Taiwu again sent to borrow from the two princes the konghou, pipa, zither, flute, and other instruments plus chess pieces. Xiaobo's eloquence was a northern marvel too; Chang answered as occasion required with flowing words, refined tone, and luminous bearing. Xiaobo and those beside him looked at one another and sighed.
38
時魏聲雲當出襄陽，故以暢為南譙王義宣司空長史、南郡太守。 三十年，元凶弑逆，義宣發哀之日，即便舉兵。 暢為元佐，位居僚首，哀容俯仰，蔭映當時。 舉哀畢，改服著黃褲褶，出射堂簡人。 音姿容止，莫不矚目，見者皆願為盡命。 事平，徵為吏部尚書，封夷道縣侯。
When Wei voices said they would move on Xiangyang, Chang was made chief secretary to Prince Yixuan of Southern Qiao, minister of works, and governor of Nan Commandery. In the thirtieth year the crown prince committed regicide. The day Yixuan began mourning he raised troops. Chang as chief aide ranked first among staff; in mourning bearing, bowing and rising, he cast a shadow over the moment. When mourning ended he changed to yellow trousers and jacket and went to the archery hall to select men. Voice, bearing, and deportment fixed every eye; those who saw him wished to give their lives. When the affair was settled he was summoned as minister of personnel and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yidao.
39
義宣既有異圖，蔡超等以暢人望，勸義宣留之。 乃解南蠻校尉以授暢，加冠軍將軍，領丞相長史。 暢遣門生荀僧寶下都，因顏竣陳義宣釁狀。 僧寶有私貨，停巴陵不時下。 會義宣起兵，津路斷絕，僧寶遂不得去。
Yixuan already harbored separate designs. Cai Chao and others, because of Chang's standing, urged Yixuan to keep him. They removed the colonel of the southern barbarians and gave it to Chang, added general who champions the army, and put him in charge of the chief minister's staff. Chang sent his student Xun Sengbao to the capital to report Yixuan's rebellion through Yan Jun. Sengbao had private goods and halted at Baling without coming down in time. Just as Yixuan raised troops the ferry routes were cut and Sengbao could not leave.
40
義宣將為逆，遣嬖人翟靈寶告暢，暢陳必無此理，請以死保之。 靈寶知暢不回，勸義宣殺以徇眾，賴丞相司馬竺超人得免。 進號撫軍，別立軍部，以收人望。 暢雖署文檄，而飲酒常醉，不省文書。 隨義宣東下。 梁山戰敗，於亂兵自歸，為軍人所掠，衣服都盡。 遇右將軍王玄謨乘輿出營，暢已得敗衣，因排玄謨上輿。 玄謨意甚不悅，諸將請殺之，隊主張世營救得免。 執送都，下廷尉，尋見原。
As Yixuan was about to rebel he sent favorite Zhai Lingbao to tell Chang. Chang declared it impossible and asked to guarantee it with his life. Lingbao knew Chang would not turn and urged Yixuan to kill him to rally the masses. Thanks to chief minister's marshal Zhu Chaoren he escaped. He was promoted to pacification general and a separate army headquarters was set up to gather public esteem. Though Chang signed proclamations, he drank constantly and ignored documents. He followed Yixuan east. When Liangshan fell he returned in the rout and soldiers stripped him bare. He met Right General Wang Xuanmo riding out in a carriage. Chang had found cast-off clothes and pushed Xuanmo into the carriage. Xuanmo was deeply displeased. Generals asked to kill him but squad leader Zhang Shiying rescued him. Seized and sent to court, tried by the minister of justice, he was soon pardoned.
41
起為都官尚書，轉侍中，代子淹領太子右衛率。 孝武宴朝賢，暢亦在坐。 何偃因醉曰：「張暢故是奇才，同義宣作賊，亦能無咎，非才何以致此？」 暢乃厲聲曰：「太初之時，誰黃其合？」 帝曰：「何事相苦。」 初，元凶時，偃父尚之為元凶司空，義師至新林，門生皆逃，尚之父子與婢妾共洗黃合，故暢譏之。
He was raised as minister of justice, transferred to attendant-in-ordinary, and replaced his son Yan as leader of the heir's right guard. Emperor Xiaowu feasted court worthies and Chang was among them. He Yan, drunk, said, "Zhang Chang is truly rare—even joining Yixuan in rebellion he escaped blame. Without talent how reach this?" Chang cried sternly, "In the Taichu era, who yellowed the toilet?" The emperor said, "Why torment each other." During the crown prince's time Yan's father Shangzhi had been his minister of works. When the righteous army reached Xinlin the students all fled—Shangzhi father and son scrubbed the yellow toilet with maidservants, hence Chang's mockery.
42
孝建二年，出為會稽太守。 卒，諡曰宣。 暢愛弟子輯，臨終遺命，與輯合墳，論者非之。
In Xiaojian 2 he went out as governor of Kuaiji. He died and was given the posthumous name Xuan. Chang loved his student Ji. On his deathbed he ordered burial in one tomb with Ji—commentators criticized this.
43
暢弟悅亦有美稱，曆侍中、臨海王子頊前軍長史、南郡太守。 晉安王子勳建偽號，召拜為吏部尚書，與鄧琬共輔偽政。 事敗，悅殺琬歸降，復為太子中庶子。 後拜雍州刺史。 泰始六年，明帝于巴郡置三巴校尉，以悅補之，加持節、輔師將軍，領巴郡太守。 未拜卒。
Chang's brother Yue also had a fine reputation and served as attendant-in-ordinary, chief secretary to Prince Zixiang of Linhai, and governor of Nan Commandery. When Prince Zixun of Jin'an set up a false reign he was summoned as minister of personnel and jointly assisted the false government with Deng Wan. When the affair failed Yue killed Wan and surrendered. He again became junior mentor of the heir. Later he became governor of Yong Province. In Taishi 6 Emperor Ming set up the colonel of the Three Ba in Ba Commandery and appointed Yue, adding credential staff, general who assists the army, and concurrent governor of Ba Commandery. He died before taking up the post.
44
暢子浩，官至義陽王昶征北諮議參軍。 浩弟淹，黃門郎，封廣晉縣子，太子右衛率，東陽太守。 逼郡吏燒臂照佛。 百姓有罪，使禮佛贖愆，動至數千拜。 坐免官禁錮。 起為光祿勳，臨川內史。 後與晉安王子勳同逆，軍敗見殺。 淹弟融。
Chang's son Hao rose to advisory secretary on Prince Chang of Yiyang's northern pacification staff. Hao's brother Yan was gentleman of the yellow gate, enfeoffed as Viscount of Guangjin, leader of the heir's right guard, and governor of Dongyang. He forced district clerks to burn their arms as lamp-offerings to the Buddha. When commoners offended he made them worship the Buddha to atone, often to thousands of prostrations. He was dismissed and confined. He was raised as superintendent of the imperial household and interior administrator. Later he joined Prince Zixun of Jin'an in rebellion and was killed in defeat. Yan's younger brother Rong.
45
浮海至交州，于海中遇風，終無懼色，方詠曰：「幹魚自可還其本鄉，肉脯復何為者哉。」 又作海賦，文辭詭激，獨與眾異。 後以示鎮軍將軍顧覬之，覬之曰：「卿此賦實超玄虛，但恨不道鹽耳。」 融即求筆注曰：「漉沙構白，熬波出素，積雪中春，飛霜暑路。」 此四句後所足也。 覬之與融兄有恩好，覬之卒，融身負墳土。 在南與交趾太守卞展善。 展於嶺南為人所殺，融挺身奔赴。
He crossed the sea to Jiaozhou. Caught in wind at sea he showed no fear and recited: "Dried fish may return to their native streams—what need for jerky?" He also wrote an Ode to the Sea, strange and sharp, unlike anyone else. He showed it to General Gu Kaizhi. Kaizhi said, "Your fu surpasses the abstruse void—but I regret it does not mention salt." Rong asked for a brush and added: "Filtering sand builds white; boiling waves yields pure; snow piled in mid-spring; frost flying on a summer road." These four lines were added afterward. Kaizhi and Rong's elder brother were friends. When Kaizhi died Rong personally carried earth for the tomb. In the south he was close to Jiaozhi Governor Bian Zhan. Zhan was killed in Lingnan. Rong rushed to attend in person.
46
舉秀才，對策中第。 為尚書殿中郎，不就，改為儀曹郎。 尋請假奔叔父喪，道中罰幹錢敬道鞭杖五十，寄系延陵獄。 大明五年制，二品清官行僮幹杖，不得出十。 為左丞孫緬所奏，免官。 重定，攝祠部、倉部二曹。 時領軍劉勉戰死，融以祠部議，上應哭勉，見從。 又俗人忌以正月開太倉，融議不宜拘束小忌。 尋兼掌正廚，見宰殺，回車徑去，自表解職。
Recommended as outstanding talent, he ranked first in the palace examination. Made director in the secretariat he did not take the post and was changed to director in the ministry of rites. Soon he asked leave to rush to his uncle's funeral. On the road he had servant Gan Jingdao flogged fifty strokes and sent to Yanchuan prison. In Daming 5 regulations for second-rank pure offices limited rods for errant servants to ten strokes. Left assistant Sun Mian memorialized against him and he was dismissed. Reappointed, he acted in the ministries of sacrifices and granaries. When army leader Liu Mian died in battle, Rong on the sacrifices ministry argued the court should mourn Mian and was followed. Commoners tabooed opening the great granary in the first month; Rong argued small taboos should not bind. Soon he also oversaw the imperial kitchen. Seeing slaughter he turned his carriage and left and memorialized to resign.
47
再遷南陽王友。 融父暢為丞相長史，義宣事難，暢將為王玄謨所殺，時玄謨子瞻為南陽王長史，融啟求去官，不許。 融家貧欲祿，乃與從叔征北將軍永書曰：「融昔幼學，早訓家風，雖則不敏，率以成性。 布衣韋帶，弱年所安，簞食瓢飲，不覺不樂。 但世業清貧，人生多待，榛栗棗修，女贄既長，束帛禽鳥，男禮已大。 勉身就官，十年七仕，不欲代耕，何至此事。 昔求三吳一丞，雖屬舛錯，今聞南康缺守，願得為之。 融不知階級，階級亦可不知融，政以求丞不得，所以求郡，求郡不得，亦可復求丞。」 又與吏部尚書王僧虔書曰：「融天地之逸人也，進不辨貴，退不知賤，實以家貧累積，孤寡傷心，八侄俱孤，二弟頓弱，豈能山海陋祿，申融情累。 阮籍愛東平土風，融亦欣晉平閑外。」 時議以融非御人才，竟不果。
He was again transferred to friend of the Prince of Nanyang. Rong's father Chang had been chief minister's secretary. When Yixuan's affair was in crisis Chang was about to be killed by Wang Xuanmo. Xuanmo's son Zhan was then chief secretary to the Prince of Nanyang—Rong memorialized to leave office and was refused. Rong's family was poor and wanted salary. He wrote his cousin Northern Pacification General Yong: "From youth I studied, early trained in family style. Though not clever, I have largely formed my nature. Cloth coat and leather belt were what my weak years rested in. Simple food and gourd drink—I felt no lack of joy. But the family's occupation is pure poverty and life has many demands—hazelnuts and dates for daughters' dowries, silk and birds for sons' rites. I forced myself into office—ten years, seven posts—not wishing to farm, how reach this? Once I sought a Three Wu assistant post—though it went wrong. Now I hear Nankang is vacant and wish to have it. Rong does not know ranks—ranks may not know Rong either. Because assistant failed I seek commandery; commandery failing, I may seek assistant again." He also wrote Minister of Personnel Wang Sengqian: "Rong is heaven and earth's recluse—advancing he does not know rank, retreating he does not know base. Family poverty accumulates, orphans and widows wound the heart—eight nephews orphaned, two brothers weak—how can meager salary express my burdens? Ruan Ji loved Dongping's soil—Rong also delights in Jinping beyond the passes." Critics said Rong was no governing talent—it did not happen.
48
辟齊太傅掾，稍遷中書郎，非其所好。 乞為中散大夫，不許。 張氏自敷以來，並以理音辭、修儀範為事。 至融風止詭越，坐常危膝，行則曳步，翹身仰首，意制甚多。 見者驚異，聚觀成巿，而融了無慚色。 隨例同行，常稽遲不進。 高帝素愛融，為太尉時，與融款接。 見融常笑曰：「此人不可無一，不可有二。」 即位後，手詔賜融衣曰：「見卿衣服粗故，誠乃素懷有本。 交爾藍縷，亦虧朝望。 今送一通故衣，意謂雖故，乃勝新也。 是吾所著，已令裁減，稱卿之體； 並履一量。」 高帝出太極殿西室，融入問訊，彌時方登階。 及就席，上曰：「何乃遲為？ 「對曰：「自地升天，理不得速。」 時魏主至淮而退，帝問：「何意忽來忽去。」 未有答者，融時下坐，抗聲曰：「以無道而來，見有道而去。」 公卿咸以為捷。
Recruited as staff to the grand tutor of Qi he rose to attendant of the secretariat—not to his liking. He begged to be grand master of the palace and was refused. From Fu onward the Zhangs all made regulating tone and cultivating bearing their business. With Rong bearing turned strange—sitting he perched on his knees, walking he dragged his steps, body lifted and head thrown back, with many deliberate gestures. Onlookers were startled and crowds filled the street—and Rong showed not a trace of shame. Following custom in procession he often lagged and did not advance. Emperor Gao of Qi had long loved Rong. As grand commandant he treated Rong warmly. Seeing Rong he would laugh: "This man cannot be without one, cannot be two." After taking the throne he wrote gifting Rong clothes: "Seeing your clothes worn and plain, truly your plain heart has roots. Yet giving you blue rags also diminishes the court's face. Now I send one set of old clothes—though old it still surpasses new. These I wore myself and had cut to fit your frame; also one measure of shoes." Emperor Gao left the west chamber of the Hall of Supreme Pole. Rong entered to pay respects and was long before mounting the steps. When he took his seat the emperor said, "Why so slow? " He answered, "From earth ascending to heaven—by principle one cannot be fast." When the Wei lord reached the Huai and withdrew the emperor asked, "What meant coming and going so suddenly?" No one answered. Rong rose from his lower seat and cried: "He came without the Way and left upon seeing the Way." The ministers all thought it sharp.
49
融善草書，常自美其能。 帝曰：「卿書殊有骨力，但恨無二王法。」 答曰：「非恨臣無二王法，亦恨二王無臣法。」 融假還鄉，詣王儉別。 儉立此地舉袂不前，融亦舉手呼儉曰：「歜曰'王前'。」 儉不得已趨就之。 融曰：「使融不為慕勢，而令君為趍士，豈不善乎。」 常歎云：「不恨我不見古人，所恨古人又不見我。」
Rong was skilled in cursive script and often praised his own ability. The emperor said, "Your writing truly has bone-strength—but I regret it lacks the Two Wangs' method." He answered, "It is not that I regret lacking the Two Wangs' method—the Two Wangs regret lacking mine. Rong took leave to return home and went to bid Wang Jian farewell. Jian stood in place and raised his sleeve without advancing. Rong raised his hand and called, "Yu says 'Wang, forward'." Jian had no choice but to hurry to him. Rong said, "If I did not crave influence and made you rush like a sycophant—is that not better?" He often sighed, "I do not regret never seeing the ancients—I regret the ancients never saw me."
50
融與吏部尚書何戢善，往詣戢，誤通尚書劉澄。 下車入門，乃曰：「非是。」 至戶望澄，又曰：「非是。」 既造席視澄曰：「都自非是。」 乃去。 其為異如此。
Rong was close to Minister of Personnel He Ji and went to call on Ji but mistakenly entered Minister of the Interior Liu Cheng's. Descending from the carriage and entering the gate he said, "Not this one." Reaching the door and seeing Cheng he again said, "Not this one." When he reached the mat and looked at Cheng he said, "Altogether not this one." Then he left. Such was his strangeness.
51
又為長沙王鎮軍，竟陵王征北諮議，並領記室，司徒從事中郎。 永明二年，總明觀講，敕朝臣集聽。 融扶入就榻，私索酒飲之。 事畢，乃長歎曰：「嗚呼！ 仲尼獨何人哉。」 為御史中丞到撝所奏免官，尋復職。
He also served as pacification general for the Prince of Changsha, advisory secretary on Prince Jingling's northern expedition staff, both concurrently recording secretary, and staff secretary to the minister of works. In Yongming 2 lectures were held at the Zongming Observatory and the court was ordered to assemble and listen. Rong, supported in, took his couch and privately asked for wine and drank. When it was over he sighed long, "Alas! Confucius—what sort of man was he?" Censor-in-chief Dao Hui memorialized against him and he was dismissed, soon reinstated.
52
融形貌短醜，精神清澈，王敬則見融革帶寬，殆將至髀，謂曰：「革帶太急。」 融曰：「既非步吏，急帶何為？」 融假東出，武帝問融住在何處，答曰：「臣陸處無屋，舟居無水。」 後上問其從兄緒，緒曰：「融近東出，未有居止，權牽小船於岸上住。」 上大笑。
Rong was short and ugly in form but clear in spirit. Wang Jingze seeing Rong's leather belt wide, nearly reaching his thighs, said, "The leather belt is too tight." Rong said, "Since I am no foot-runner, why tighten the belt?" Rong took leave to go east. Emperor Wu asked where Rong lived and he answered, "On land I have no house, on water I have no boat." Later the emperor asked his cousin Xu, who said, "Rong recently went east with no fixed dwelling—he temporarily moors a small boat on shore." The emperor laughed loudly.
53
後使融接對北使李道固，就席，道固顧而言曰：「張融是宋彭城長史張暢子不？」 融嚬蹙久之，曰：「先君不幸，名達六夷。」 豫章王大會賓僚，融食炙，始行畢，行炙人便去。 融欲求鹽蒜，口終不言，方搖食指，半日乃息。 出入朝廷，皆拭目驚觀之。
Later he had Rong receive northern envoy Li Daogu. When they took their seats Daogu looked and said, "Is Zhang Rong the son of Zhang Chang, chief secretary of Pengcheng in Song?" Rong frowned long and said, "My late father, alas, made his name known to the six barbarians. At a great gathering for the Prince of Yuzhang, Rong was eating roast meat. When the first round ended the server left. Rong wanted salt and garlic but would not speak. He only wagged his forefinger and only after half a day stopped. Entering and leaving court all wiped their eyes and watched in astonishment.
54
八年，朝臣賀眾瑞公事，融扶入拜起，復為有司所奏，見原。 遷司徒兼右長史。 竟陵張欣時為諸暨令，坐罪當死，欣時父興世討宋南譙王義宣，官軍欲殺融父暢，興世以袍覆暢而坐之，以此得免。 興世卒，融著高履為負土成墳。 至是，融啟竟陵王子良乞代欣時死。 子良答曰：「此乃是長史美事，恐朝有常典，不得如長史所懷。」 遷黃門郎，太子中庶子，司徒左長史。
In the eighth year court worthies congratulated on auspicious omens. Rong, supported in, bowed and rose and was again memorialized against and pardoned. He was transferred to concurrent right chief secretary to the minister of works. Zhang Xixin of Jingling was magistrate of Zhuji and sentenced to death. Xixin's father Xingshi had campaigned against Prince Yixuan of Southern Qiao in Song—the army wished to kill Rong's father Chang and Xingshi covered Chang with his robe and sat on him, saving him. When Xingshi died Rong wore high shoes and personally carried earth to form the tomb. At this time Rong memorialized Prince Ziliang of Jingling begging to die in Xixin's place. Ziliang answered, "This is truly the chief secretary's fine act—but I fear the court has fixed statutes and cannot be as you wish." He was transferred to gentleman of the yellow gate, junior mentor of the heir, and left chief secretary to the minister of works.
55
融有孝義，忌月三旬不聽樂，事嫂甚謹。 父暢臨終謂諸子曰：「昔丞相事難，吾以不同將見殺，緣司馬竺超人得活，爾等必報其子。」 後超人孫微冬月遭母喪居貧，融吊之，悉脫衣以為賻，披牛被而反。 常以兄事微。 豫章王嶷、竟陵王子良薨，自以身經佐吏，哭輒盡慟。 建武四年，病卒，遺令建白旐無旒，不設祭，令人捉麈尾登屋復魂。 曰：「吾生平所善，自當陵雲一笑。 三千買棺，無制新衾。 左手執孝經、老子，右手執小品法華經。 妾二人哀事畢，各遣還家。」 曰：「吾生平之風調，何至使婦人行哭失聲，不須暫停閨合。」
Rong had filial righteousness. During the taboo month for thirty days he listened to no music and served his sister-in-law with utmost care. When his father Chang was dying he told his sons, "In the chief minister's crisis I was about to be killed for dissenting—thanks to marshal Zhu Chaoren I lived. You must repay his son. Later Chaoren's grandson Wei mourned his mother in winter in poverty. Rong visited in condolence, stripped off all his clothes as funeral gifts, and returned wrapped in an ox hide. He always treated Wei as an elder brother. When Prince Liao of Yuzhang and Prince Ziliang of Jingling died, since he had been their staff officer he wept with full grief at each mourning. In Jianwu 4 he died of illness. His last orders were a white banner without tassels, no sacrifices, and a man with a fly-whisk ascending the roof to summon the soul. He said, "What I favored in life should naturally laugh above the clouds. Three thousand to buy a coffin—do not order new quilts. Left hand holding the Classic of Filial Piety and Laozi, right hand holding the Xiaopin Lotus Sutra. The two concubines, when mourning rites are finished, each send home." He said, "The bearing of my life—how reach making women walk and weep aloud. No need to pause at the inner quarters."
56
融玄義無師法，而神解過人，高談鮮能抗拒。 永明中遇疾，為門律，自序云：「吾文章之體，多為世人所驚，汝可師耳以心，不可使耳為心師也。 夫文豈有常體，但以有體為常，政當有其體。 丈夫當刪詩、書，制禮樂，何至因循寄人籬下。」 臨卒，又戒其子曰：「手澤存焉，父書不讀，況父音情，婉在其韻。 吾意不然，別遺爾旨。 吾文體英變，變而屢奇，豈吾天挺，蓋不隤家聲。 汝可號哭而看之。」 融文集數十卷行於世，自名其集為玉海。 司徒褚彥回問其故，融云：「蓋玉以比德，海崇上善耳。」 張氏前有敷、演、鏡、暢，後有充、融、卷、稷。 第六弟寶積，建武中，出為廬陵太守。 時名流謝伷、何點、陸惠曉、孔珪至融弟鐵之舍。 點造坐便曰：「今日可謂盛集，二五我兄弟之流，阿六張氏保家之子。」 顧見王思遠曰：「卿詐作善，非實得也。」 二五謂孔珪及融並第五。
Rong's Dark Learning had no teacher's method but his spiritual understanding surpassed others. In lofty discourse few could resist him. In Yongming when ill he made literary rules and wrote in self-preface: "The form of my writing is often what the world marvels at—you may take it as teacher with the heart. Do not make the ear the heart's teacher. Writing has no fixed form—but to have form as constant is precisely to have that form. A true man should delete the Odes and Documents and make rites and music—why follow and lodge under another's eaves?" Near death he again admonished his sons, "The touch of the hand remains—if a father's writing is unread, how much more tone and feeling graceful in cadence? My intent is not so—I leave you a separate intent. My literary form is heroic and changing, changing again into marvels—is it my heaven-endowed nature? Surely it does not fall from the family voice. You may wail and look at it." Rong's collected works of several tens of rolls circulated. He himself named the collection Jade Sea. Minister of Works Chu Yanhui asked the reason. Rong said, "Jade compares to virtue, sea exalts the highest good." Earlier the Zhangs had Fu, Yan, Jing, and Chang; later came Chong, Rong, Juan, and Ji. The sixth brother Baoji, in Jianwu, went out as governor of Luling. At that time leading figures Xie You, He Dian, Lu Huixiao, and Kong Gui came to Rong's brother Tie's house. Dian upon taking his seat said, "Today may truly be called a grand gathering—two-fives are we brothers' sort, A-six is Zhang's house-preserving son." Looking at Wang Siyuan he said, "You pretend to be good—not truly attained." Two-fives meant Kong Gui and Rong were both fifth-born.
57
寶積永元中為湘州行事蕭穎胄於江陵，乘腰輿詣穎胄，舉動自若。 穎胄問：「何至之晚？」 答曰：「本朝危亂，四海橫流，既不能為比干之死，實未忍為微子之去，是以至晚。」 穎胄深以為善，即用為相府諮議。 後位御史中丞。
In Yongyuan Baoji was acting for Xiang Province under Xiao Yingzhou at Jiangling. Riding a waist carriage he went to Yingzhou, bearing and movement entirely at ease. Yingzhou asked, "Why arrive so late?" He answered, "The dynasty is in peril, the four seas in flood—I could not die like Bi Gan and truly could not bear to leave like Weizi. Therefore I came late." Yingzhou deeply approved and at once made him advisory secretary to the chief minister's headquarters. Later he served as censor-in-chief.
58
融與東海徐文伯兄弟厚。 文伯字德秀，濮陽太守熙曾孫也。 熙好黃、老，隱于秦望山，有道士過求飲，留一瓠盧瓜與之，曰：「君子孫宜以道術救世，當得二千石。」 熙開之，乃扁鵲鏡經一卷，因精心學之，遂名震海內。 生子秋夫，彌工其術，仕至射陽令。 嘗夜有鬼呻吟，聲甚悽愴，秋夫問何須，答言姓某，家在東陽，患腰痛死。 雖為鬼痛猶難忍，請療之。 秋夫曰：「雲何厝法？」 鬼請為芻人，案孔穴針之，秋夫如言，為灸四處，又針肩井三處，設祭埋之。 明日見一人謝恩，忽然不見。 當世伏其通靈。
Rong and the Xu brothers Wenbo of Donghai were close. Wenbo, styled Dexiu, was great-grandson of Governor Xi of Puyang. Xi loved Huang-Lao and hid on Mount Qinwang. A Daoist passing asked to drink, left a gourd-bottle melon and said, "Your descendants should use the Way to save the age—you will obtain the two-thousand-shi rank." Xi opened it—it was one roll of Bian Que's Mirror Classic. He studied it with full heart and his name shook the land within the seas. He begot Qiufu, who mastered the art even more and rose to magistrate of Sheyang. Once at night a ghost groaned, the sound very mournful. Qiufu asked what was needed and it answered surnamed so-and-so, family in Dongyang, died of back pain. Though a ghost the pain was still hard to bear—please treat it. Qiufu said, "How to set the method?" The ghost asked to be made a straw man. Pressing the acupoints he needled it—Qiufu did as told, moxaed four places and needled three at shoulder-well, set out offerings and buried it. The next day a man came to give thanks and suddenly vanished. The age submitted to his spirit-link.
59
秋夫生道度、叔向，皆能精其業。 道度有腳疾不能行，宋文帝令乘小輿入殿，為諸皇子療疾，無不絕驗。 位蘭陵太守。 宋文帝云：「天下有五絕，而皆出錢唐。」 謂杜道鞠彈棋，範悅詩，褚欣遠模書，褚胤圍棋，徐道度療疾也。
Qiufu begot Daodu and Shuxiang, both able to refine the craft. Daodu had foot ailment and could not walk. Emperor Wen of Song had him carried in a small palanquin into the hall to treat the princes' illnesses—all without fail. He served as governor of Lanling. Emperor Wen of Song said, "Under heaven there are five supreme arts—and all come from Qiantang." He meant Du Daoju's ball-game, Fan Yue's poetry, Chu Xinyuan's chess-calligraphy, Chu Yin's go, and Xu Daodu's healing.
60
道度生文伯，叔向生嗣伯。 文伯亦精其業，兼有學行，倜儻不屈意於公卿，不以醫自業。 融謂文伯、嗣伯曰：「昔王微、嵇叔夜並學而不能，殷仲堪之徒故所不論。 得之者由神明洞徹，然後可至，故非吾徒所及。 且褚侍中澄富貴亦能救人疾，卿此更成不達。」 答曰：「唯達者知此可崇，不達者多以為深累，既鄙之何能不恥之。」 文伯為效與嗣伯相埒。 宋孝武路太后病，眾醫不識。 文伯診之曰：「此石博小腸耳。」 乃為水劑消石湯，病即愈。 除鄱陽王常侍，遺以千金，旬日恩意隆重。 宋明帝宮人患腰痛牽心，每至輒氣欲絕，眾醫以為肉症。 文伯曰：「此發症。」 以油投之，即吐得物如發。 稍引之長三尺，頭已成蛇能動，掛門上適盡一發而已，病都差。 宋後廢帝出樂游苑門，逢一婦人有娠，帝亦善診，診之曰：「此腹是女也。」 問文伯，曰：「腹有兩子，一男一女，男左邊，青黑，形小於女。」 帝性急，便欲使剖。 文伯惻然曰：「若刀斧恐其變異，請針之立落。」 便寫足太陰，補手陽明，胎便應針而落。 兩兒相續出，如其言。
Daodu begot Wenbo; Shuxiang begot Sibo. Wenbo also refined the craft and had learning and conduct, free and unbowed before dukes and ministers—not making medicine his profession. Rong told Wenbo and Sibo, "Wang Wei and Ji Kang both studied yet could not succeed—the likes of Yin Zhongkan are therefore not discussed. Attaining it comes from spirit penetrating thoroughly—only then can one reach it. Therefore it is not what our sort can attain. Moreover Attendant Chu Cheng in wealth and nobility can also save people's illnesses—you doing this becomes even more unenlightened." They answered, "Only the enlightened know this can be honored—the unenlightened mostly think it a deep burden. Since they despise it, how can one not be ashamed?" Wenbo's efficacy matched Sibo's. Empress Dowager Lu of Emperor Xiaowu of Song was ill and the host of physicians did not recognize it. Wenbo diagnosed and said, "This is a stone blocking the small intestine." He made a water formula dissolving-stone decoction and the illness was at once cured. He was made regular attendant to the Prince of Poyang and given a thousand in gold. Within ten days favor was heavy. A palace woman of Emperor Ming had back pain pulling at the heart—each time she nearly stopped breathing. Physicians thought it a flesh tumor. Wenbo said, "This is hair syndrome." With oil administered she at once vomited up something like hair. Drawing it out little by little it was three chi long. The head had already become a snake able to move—hung on the door it was exactly one full head of hair and the illness was wholly cured. Emperor Fei of Song later went out the Leyou Park gate and met a pregnant woman. The emperor also skilled in diagnosis said, "This belly is a girl." He asked Wenbo, who said, "The belly holds two children, one male one female—the male on the left, green-black, smaller than the female." The emperor's nature was urgent and he at once wished to cut open. Wenbo said with compassion, "If knife and axe I fear mutation—please needle and they will fall at once." He wrote on the foot Taiyin and supplemented the hand Yangming—the fetus responded to the needles and fell. The two children came out one after another as he had said.
61
子雄亦傳家業，尤工診察，位奉朝請。 能清言，多為貴遊所善。 事母孝謹，母終，毀瘠幾至自滅。 俄而兄亡，扶杖臨喪，撫膺一慟，遂以哀卒。
His son Xiong also transmitted the family craft and was especially skilled in diagnosis, serving as gentleman who attends court. Able in pure talk, he was much favored by the noble and wandering. He served his mother with filial care. When his mother died he wasted away nearly to self-extinction. Soon his elder brother also died. Leaning on a staff at the funeral he beat his chest once in grief and died of sorrow.
62
嗣伯字叔紹，亦有孝行，善清言，位正員郎，諸府佐，彌為臨川王映所重。 時直合將軍房伯玉服五石散十許劑，無益，更患冷，夏日常復衣。 嗣伯為診之，曰：「卿伏熱，應須以水發之，非冬月不可。」 至十一月，冰雪大盛，令二人夾捉伯玉，解衣坐石，取冷水從頭澆之，盡二十斛。 伯玉口噤氣絕，家人啼哭請止。 嗣伯遣人執杖防合，敢有諫者撾之。 又盡水百斛，伯玉始能動，而見背上彭彭有氣。 俄而起坐，曰：「熱不可忍，乞冷飲。」 嗣伯以水與之，一飲一升，病都差。 自爾恒發熱，冬月猶單褌衫，體更肥壯。
Sibo, styled Shushao, also had filial conduct and pure talk, served as regular gentleman and various staff posts, and was especially valued by Prince Ying of Linchuan. At that time Direct-office General Fang Boyu had taken five-stone powder for ten-odd doses without benefit and instead suffered cold—in summer he often wore padded clothes. Sibo diagnosed and said, "You harbor latent heat and need water to release it—not possible except in winter." In the eleventh month ice and snow were great. He had two men hold Boyu, stripped him to sit on stone, and poured cold water from the head—altogether twenty hu. Boyu's mouth clenched and breath stopped—the family wept and begged to stop. Sibo sent men with staves to guard the gate—whoever dared remonstrate would be beaten. Again altogether one hundred hu of water—Boyu then could move and saw swelling on his back like rising breath. Soon he rose and said, "The heat is unbearable—beg cold drink." Sibo gave him water—one drink one sheng—and the illness was wholly cured. From then he always ran fever. In winter he still wore single trousers and shirt and his body grew still more robust.
63
常有嫗人患滯冷，積年不差。 嗣伯為診之曰：「此屍注也，當取死人枕煮服之乃愈。」 於是往古塚中取枕，枕已一邊腐缺，服之即差。 後秣陵人張景，年十五，腹脹面黃，眾醫不能療，以問嗣伯。 嗣伯曰：「此石蚘耳，極難療。 當取死人枕煮之。」 依語煮枕，以湯投之，得大利，並蚘蟲頭堅如石，五升，病即差。 後沈僧翼患眼痛，又多見鬼物，以問嗣伯。 嗣伯曰：「邪氣入肝，可覓死人枕煮服之。 竟，可埋枕於故處。」 如其言又愈。 王晏問之曰：「三病不同，而皆用死人枕而俱差，何也？」 答曰：「屍注者，鬼氣伏而未起，故令人沈滯。 得死人枕投之，魂氣飛越，不得復附體，故屍注可差。 石蚘者久蚘也，醫療既僻，蚘蟲轉堅，世間藥不能遣，所以須鬼物驅之然後可散，故令煮死人枕也。 夫邪氣入肝，故使眼痛而見魍魎，應須而邪物以鉤之，故用死人枕也。 氣因枕去，故令埋於塚間也。」 又春月出南籬門戲，聞笪屋中有呻吟聲。 嗣伯曰：「此病甚重，更二日不療必死。」 乃往視，見一老姥稱體痛，而處處有黑敢黑無數。 嗣伯還煮鬥余湯送令服之，服訖痛勢愈甚，跳投床者無數。 須臾所黑處皆拔出釘，長寸許。 以膏塗諸瘡口，三日而復，云：「此名釘疽也」。
There was once an old woman with lingering cold—not cured for years. Sibo diagnosed and said, "This is corpse-injection. One must take a dead man's pillow, boil and take it—then one will recover." He went to an ancient tomb and took a pillow—one side already rotted away—and on taking it she recovered at once. Later Zhang Jing of Moling, age fifteen, had swollen belly and yellow face—physicians could not cure; they asked Sibo. Sibo said, "This is stone roundworm—extremely hard to treat. One must take a dead man's pillow and boil it." They boiled the pillow and poured in the decoction—obtained great benefit, and roundworm heads hard as stone, five sheng—the illness was at once cured. Later Shen Sengyi had eye pain and often saw ghostly things—they asked Sibo. Sibo said, "Evil qi has entered the liver. Seek a dead man's pillow, boil and take it. When finished, bury the pillow in the former place." Following his words he again recovered. Wang Yan asked, "Three illnesses differ yet all used dead men's pillows and all recovered—why?" He answered, "Corpse-injection means ghost qi lies dormant and has not yet risen, therefore making one sunken and stagnant. Getting a dead man's pillow and administering it—the soul's qi flies beyond and can no longer attach to the body. Therefore corpse-injection can be cured. Stone roundworm means long-standing worms—medical treatment already remote, the worms turn hard. Worldly medicines cannot dispel them, so one must use ghost things to drive them before they scatter. Therefore one boils a dead man's pillow. Evil qi entering the liver makes eye pain and one sees wangliang—one should use an evil thing to hook it. Therefore one uses a dead man's pillow. The qi follows the pillow away—therefore one has it buried among the tombs." Again in spring he went out the southern hedge gate to play and heard groaning in a bamboo house. Sibo said, "This illness is very severe—in two more days without treatment she will die." He went to look and saw an old woman saying her body hurt—everywhere countless black spots. Sibo returned and boiled leftover bean decoction and sent it for her to take. When finished the pain grew worse and she jumped off the bed countless times. In a moment from every black place nails were pulled out, one cun long. Ointment was applied to the sores. In three days she recovered, saying, "This is called nail-sore."
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時又有薛伯宗善徙癰疽，公孫泰患背，伯宗為氣封之，徙置齋前柳樹上。 明旦癰消，樹邊便起一瘤如拳大。 稍稍長二十餘日，瘤大膿爛，出黃赤汁鬥餘，樹為之痿損。
At that time Xue Bozong was also skilled at transferring carbuncles and sores. Gongsun Tai had one on his back. Bozong sealed it with qi and transferred it to the study hall willow tree. The next dawn the sore was gone and beside the tree a lump like a fist had risen. Gradually over twenty-odd days the lump grew large, pus and rot flowed, yielding yellow-red juice of more than a dou—the tree withered and was damaged.
65
論曰：有晉自宅淮海，張氏無乏賢良。 及宋齊之間，雅道彌盛。 其前則雲敷、演、鏡、暢，蓋其尤著者也。 然景胤敬愛之道，少微立履所由，其殆優矣。 思光行己卓越，非常俗所遵，齊高帝所云：「不可有二，不可無一」，斯言其幾得矣。 徐氏妙理通靈，蓋非常所至，雖古之和、鵲，何以加茲。 融與文伯款好，故附之云爾。
Commentary: From Jin's dwelling in the Huai-Hai region the Zhang clan never lacked worthy men. Through Song and Qi the refined Way grew ever more flourishing. Before them were Fu, Yan, Jing, and Chang—these were especially eminent. Yet Jingyin's reverent love and Shaowei's conduct and standing—perhaps they were superior. Siguang's self-conduct was transcendent, not what common custom follows. What Emperor Gao of Qi said—"cannot be two, cannot be without one"—that saying nearly hits the mark. The Xu clan's subtle principles linked with spirits—surely beyond the ordinary. Though the ancients Bian Que and Cang Gong, how add to this? Rong and Wenbo were on warm terms—therefore they are appended here.