1
列傳第二十三
Biographies 23
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范泰荀伯子徐廣鄭鮮之裴松之何承天
Fan Tai, Xun Bozi, Xu Guang, Zheng Xianzhi, Pei Songzhi, and He Chengtian
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泰初為太學博士，外弟荊州刺史王忱請為天門太守。 忱嗜酒，醉輒累旬，及醒則儼然端肅。 泰陳酒既傷生，所宜深誡，其言甚切。 忱嗟歎久之，曰：「見規者眾，未有若此者也。」 或問忱，范泰何如謝邈，忱曰：「茂度漫。」 又問何如殷覬，忱曰：「伯通易。」 忱常有意立功，謂泰曰：「今城池既立，軍甲亦充，將欲掃除中原，以申宿昔之志。 伯通意銳，當令擁戈前驅； 以君持重，欲相委留事，何如？」 泰曰：「百年逋寇，前賢挫屈者多矣，功名雖貴，鄙生所不敢謀。」
Tai began as an erudite at the Imperial Academy. His cousin by marriage, Wang Chen, governor of Jing Province, asked that he be made administrator of Tianmen. Chen was a heavy drinker who could stay drunk for weeks on end, yet when he sobered up he was every inch the upright official. Tai urged that wine ruins health and must be shunned, and spoke with unusual force. Chen sighed for a long while and said, "Plenty of people have warned me, but never like this." When someone asked Chen how Fan Tai compared with Xie Miao, Chen replied, "Maodu is too loose." Asked how he compared with Yin Kai, Chen said, "Botong is too pliable." Chen often dreamed of glory and told Tai, "Our defenses are up and our arms are ready. I mean to drive the barbarians from the heartland and at last fulfill my old ambition. Botong is bold and eager—he should ride at the head of the army; but you are steady and reliable. I would leave the rear to you. What do you think?" Tai replied, "The northern enemy has humbled great men for a century. Glory is fine, but I dare not reach for it."
4
會忱病卒，召泰為驃騎諮議參軍，遷中書郎。 時會稽世子元顯專權，內外百官請假，不復表聞，唯簽元顯而已。 泰言以為非宜，元顯不納。 以父憂去職，襲爵陽遂鄉侯。
When Chen died of illness, Tai was called up as adviser to the cavalry general-in-chief and later made a secretariat gentleman. At that time Kuaiji's heir, Yuanxian, held sole power. Officials seeking leave no longer reported to the throne—they merely countersigned Yuanxian's approval. Tai protested that this was wrong; Yuanxian ignored him. He left office to mourn his father and inherited the marquisate of Yangsui township.
5
桓玄輔晉，使御史中丞祖台之奏泰及前司徒左長史王准之、輔國將軍司馬珣之並居喪無禮，泰坐廢，徙丹徒。
While Huan Xuan controlled Jin, the censor-in-chief Zu Taizhi impeached Tai, along with Wang Zhunzhi and Sima Xunzhi, for violating mourning rites. Tai was stripped of office and sent to Dantu.
6
宋武帝義旗建，累遷黃門侍郎、御史中丞，坐議殷祠事謬，白衣領職。 出為東陽太守。 曆侍中，度支尚書。 時僕射陳郡謝混後進知名，武帝嘗從容問混：「泰名輩誰比？」 對曰：「王元太一流人也。」 徙為太常。
When Liu Yu raised his righteous banner, Tai rose to attendant at the yellow gate and censor-in-chief. A mistake in debate over the Yin ancestral rites cost him his robes of office, though he kept the post. He was sent out as governor of Dongyang. He served in turn as attendant-in-ordinary and minister of revenue. Xie Hun of Chen Commandery was then the best-known man of the rising generation. The emperor once asked him casually, "Whom does Fan Tai resemble in rank and reputation?" Hun answered, "Men like Wang Yuantai." Tai was transferred to minister of ceremonies.
7
初，司徒道規無子，養文帝。 及道規薨，以兄道憐第二子義慶為嗣。 武帝以道規素愛文帝，又令居重。 及道規追封南郡公，應以先華容縣公賜文帝。 泰議以為「禮無二主」，由是文帝還本屬。
Earlier, Minister of Works Daogui had no sons and had adopted Emperor Wen. When Daogui died, his elder brother Daolian's second son Yiqing became the heir. Because Daogui had always favored Emperor Wen, the emperor also kept him in the senior line of succession. When Daogui was posthumously made duke of Nan Commandery, the old Huarong county marquisate should have passed to Emperor Wen. Tai argued that "ritual knows no two lords," and on that ground Emperor Wen reverted to his birth family.
8
後加散騎常侍，為尚書兼司空，與右僕射袁湛授宋公九錫，隨軍到洛陽。 武帝還彭城，與泰登城。 泰有足疾，特命乘輿。 泰好酒，不拘小節，通率任心。 雖公坐，笑言不異私室，武帝甚賞愛之。 然短於為政，故不得在政事官。
Later he was made supernumerary regular attendant, served as minister of the interior and concurrently minister of works, and with Yuan Zhan invested the Duke of Song with the Nine Bestowments on the march to Luoyang. On returning to Pengcheng, the emperor climbed the city wall with Tai. Tai had trouble with his feet and was specially allowed to ride in the imperial carriage. Tai loved wine, cared little for petty etiquette, and lived with open, unforced ease. Even at court his laughter and talk were no different from those at home, and the emperor delighted in him. Yet he was weak in administration, and so never held a post in active governance.
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武帝受命，議建國學，以泰領國子祭酒，泰上表陳獎進之道。 時學竟不立。 又言事者多以錢貨減少，國用不足，欲更造五銖。 泰又諫曰：
When the emperor took the throne, plans were made for a national academy. Tai was made director of the national university and submitted a memorial on how learning ought to be encouraged. In the end the academy was never built. Memorialists also complained that coin was scarce and the treasury short, and proposed recasting the five-zhu coin. Tai remonstrated again:
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臣聞為國拯弊，莫若務本。 「百姓不足，君孰與足」，未有人貧而國富，本不足而末有餘者也。 故囊漏貯中，識者不吝，反裘負薪，存毛實難。 王者不言有無，諸侯不說多少，食祿之家，不與百姓爭利。 故拔葵所以明政，織蒲謂之不仁。 是以貴賤有章，職分無爽。 今之所憂，在農人尚寡，倉廩未充，轉運無已，資食者眾，家無私積，難以禦荒耳。 夫貨存貿易，不在少多，昔日之貴，今者之賤，彼此共之，其揆一也。 但令官人均通，則無患不足。 若使必資貨廣以收國用者，則龜貝之屬，自古所行。 尋銅之為器，在用也博矣，鍾律所通者遠，機衡所揆者大，夏鼎負圖，實冠眾瑞，晉鐸呈象，亦啟休征。 器有要用，則貴賤同資，物有適宜，則家國共急。 今毀必資之器，而為無施之錢，於貨則功不補勞，在用則君人俱困，校之以實，損多益少。 伏願思可久之道，探欲速之情，弘山海之納，擇芻牧之說。
I have heard that to rescue a state from decline, nothing surpasses tending the root. "When the people lack, how can the ruler have enough?" No people were ever poor while the state grew rich, nor the root withered while the branches flourished. A leak in the purse still fills the storehouse—wise men do not begrudge the loss; to wear the fur inside out while carrying firewood saves the pelt but ruins the work. Kings do not count their stores aloud; lords do not haggle over sums; salaried houses do not wrest profit from the people. Plucking mallow in a minister's garden clarified public duty; weaving rushes for private gain was called inhumane. High and low had their ranks, and every office its proper measure. What we should fear is too few farmers, half-empty granaries, endless transport, too many mouths on public grain, and households with no private stores—hardly enough to survive famine. Money exists for exchange, not for counting. What was costly yesterday is cheap today—the principle is the same. If circulation is even between public and private purses, scarcity need not be feared. If the state must widen the money supply to fill its coffers, tortoise shells and cowries were used in antiquity. Copper serves countless uses—bells and pitch-pipes, scales and measures; the Xia cauldron bearing the chart crowned all omens, and the Jin bell displaying its image opened an age of peace. When a vessel is truly needed, rich and poor alike depend on it; when a thing fits its use, household and state alike depend on it. To destroy indispensable vessels and mint useless coin wastes labor, burdens ruler and people alike, and by any honest measure costs more than it yields. I beg Your Majesty to seek what endures, resist haste, accept counsel from every quarter, and heed even the herdsman's word.
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景平初，加位特進，明年致仕，解國子祭酒。 少帝在位，多諸愆失，泰上封事極諫。 少帝雖不能納，亦不加譴。 徐羨之、傅亮等與泰素不平，及廬陵王義真、少帝見害，泰謂所親曰：「吾觀古今多矣，未有受遺顧托，而嗣君見殺，賢王嬰戮者也。」 元嘉二年，泰表賀元正並陳旱災，多所獎勸。 拜表遂輕舟游東陽，任心行止，不關朝廷。 有司劾奏之，文帝不問。 時文帝雖當陽親覽，而羨之等猶執重權，泰復上表論得失，言及執事。 諸子禁之，表竟不奏。
At the start of Jingping he was given special advance rank; the next year he retired and gave up the national university. Under the deposed emperor's reign Tai submitted sealed memorials of fierce remonstrance. The deposed emperor could not accept them, yet did not punish him. Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and others had long disliked Tai. When Prince Yizhen of Luling and the deposed emperor were killed, Tai told his intimates, "I have read much history, yet never of a regent entrusted at death whose heir was murdered and a worthy prince slaughtered." In Yuanjia 2 Tai submitted a New Year congratulation that also described drought and offered much encouragement and warning. After presenting it he took a light boat to wander in Dongyang, going where he pleased without regard to court. Officials impeached him; Emperor Wen took no notice. Though Emperor Wen now ruled in person, Xu Xianzhi and his faction still held power. Tai submitted another memorial on policy, naming those in charge. His sons stopped him, and the memorial never reached the throne.
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三年，羨之伏誅，進位侍中、左光祿大夫、國子祭酒，領江夏王師，特進如故。 上以泰先朝舊臣，恩禮甚重。 以有腳疾，宴見之日，特聽乘輿到坐。 所陳時事，上每優容之。
In the third year Xu Xianzhi was executed. Tai was promoted to attendant-in-ordinary, left grand master of the palace, director of the national university, and tutor to the Prince of Jiangxia, retaining special advance rank. Because Tai was an old minister of the previous reign, the emperor treated him with exceptional honor. Because of his leg ailment, on banquet days he was allowed to ride the carriage right to his seat. Whatever he raised about current affairs, the emperor always heard him with generous forbearance.
13
其年秋，旱蝗，又上表言：「有蝗之處，縣官多課人捕之，無益于枯苗，有傷於殺害。 又女人被宥，由來尚矣，謝晦婦女猶在尚方，匹婦一至，亦能有所感激。」 書奏，上乃原謝晦婦女。
That autumn drought and locusts struck. He submitted another memorial: "Where locusts appear, officials levy people to catch them—useless for withered crops, and only more killing. Pardoning women has long been honored practice. Xie Hui's women still languish in the palace workshops—even one ordinary woman restored can move hearts." When the memorial arrived, the emperor pardoned Xie Hui's women.
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時司徒王弘輔政，泰謂弘曰：「彭城王，帝之次弟，宜征還入朝，共參朝政。」 弘納其言。 時旱災未已，加以疾疫，泰又上表有所勸誡。
When Minister of Works Wang Hong was regent, Tai told him, "The Prince of Pengcheng is the emperor's next younger brother. Summon him to court to share in governance." Hong took his advice. Drought had not yet ended and pestilence had come; Tai submitted another memorial of warning.
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泰博覽篇籍，好為文章，愛獎後生，孜孜無倦。 撰古今善言二十四篇及文集傳於世。 暮年事佛甚精，於宅西立只洹精舍。 五年卒。 初議贈開府，殷景仁曰：「泰素望不重，不可擬議台司。」 竟不果。 及葬，王弘撫棺哭曰：「君生平重殷鐵，今以此為報。」 追贈車騎將軍，諡曰宣侯。 第四子曄最知名。
Tai read widely, loved writing, delighted in encouraging the young, and never tired of it. He compiled twenty-four chapters of fine words from antiquity and his own age, and a collected works that circulated widely. In old age he devoted himself to Buddhism and built the Jihuan Hermitage west of his house. He died in the fifth year. At first there was talk of posthumously opening a grand office for him. Yin Jingren said, "Tai's standing was never great enough to rank with the Three Excellencies." In the end it did not happen. At the burial Wang Hong stroked the coffin and wept: "You valued Yin Tie all your life—this is your repayment." He was posthumously made general of chariots and cavalry, with the posthumous name Marquis Xuan. His fourth son Ye was the most famous.
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曄字蔚宗，母如廁產之，額為磚所傷，故以磚為小字。 出繼從伯弘之，後襲封武興縣五等侯。 少好學，善為文章，能隸書，曉音律。 為秘書丞，父憂去職。 服闋，為征南大將軍檀道濟司馬，領新蔡太守。 後為尚書吏部郎。
Ye, styled Weizong, was born when his mother went to the privy. A brick struck his forehead, so Brick was his childhood name. He was given in adoption to his father's cousin Hongzhi and later inherited the fifth-rank marquisate of Wuxing county. As a youth he loved learning, wrote well, mastered clerical script, and understood music. He served as secretary assistant and left office to mourn his father. When mourning ended he became staff secretary to Tan Daoji, general who conquers the south, and concurrently governor of Xincai. Later he became senior clerk in the ministry of personnel.
17
元嘉九年，彭城太妃薨，將葬，祖夕，僚故並集東府，曄與司徒左西屬王深及弟司徒祭酒廣夜中酣飲，開北牖聽輓歌為樂。 彭城王義康大怒，左遷宣城太守。 不得志，乃刪眾家後漢書為一家之作，至於屈伸榮辱之際，未嘗不致意焉。
In Yuanjia 9 the grand consort of Pengcheng died. On the eve of the funeral procession, colleagues gathered at the eastern residence. Ye, with Wang Shen and his brother Guang, drank deep into the night, opened the north window, and listened to dirges for pleasure. Prince Yikang of Pengcheng was furious and demoted him to governor of Xuancheng. Frustrated, he edited the various Later Han histories into one work; in every passage of rise and fall, honor and shame, he invested his feeling.
18
遷長沙王義欣鎮軍長史。 兄暠為宜都太守，嫡母隨暠在官亡，報之以疾，曄不時奔赴。 及行，又攜伎妾自隨，為御史中丞劉損所奏。 文帝愛其才，不罪也。 服闋，累遷左衛將軍、太子詹事。
He was transferred to senior staff secretary to Prince Yixin of Changsha, commanding general on the frontier. His elder brother Hao was governor of Yidu; his stepmother followed Hao and died in office. Ye reported illness and did not go promptly. When he finally went, he took singing girls and concubines with him and was impeached by Liu Sun, censor-in-chief. Emperor Wen valued his talent and did not punish him. When mourning ended he rose to general of the left guard and grand tutor of the heir apparent.
19
曄長不滿七尺，肥黑，禿眉鬢，善彈琵琶，能為新聲。 上欲聞之，屢諷以微旨，曄偽若不曉，終不肯為。 上嘗宴飲勸適，謂曄曰：「我欲歌，卿可彈。」 曄乃奉旨。 上歌既畢，曄亦止弦。
Ye stood under seven feet, fat and dark, with bald brows and temples. He played the pipa beautifully and composed new tunes. The emperor wanted to hear them and hinted repeatedly; Ye feigned not to understand and never played. Once at a tipsy feast the emperor said to Ye, "I want to sing—you play." Ye obeyed. When the emperor finished singing, Ye stopped the strings.
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初，魯國孔熙先博學有從橫才志，文史星算，無不兼善，為員外散騎侍郎，不為時知，久不得調。 初，熙先父默之為廣州刺史，以贓貨下廷尉，大將軍彭城王義康保持之，故免。 及義康被黜，熙先密懷報效，以曄意志不滿，欲引之，無因進說。 曄甥謝綜雅為曄所知，熙先藉嶺南遺財，家甚富足，乃傾身事綜。 始與綜諸弟共博，故為拙行，以物輸之，情意稍款。 綜乃引熙先與曄戲，熙先故為不敵，前後輸曄物甚多。 曄既利其財寶，又愛其文藝，遂與申莫逆之好。 熙先始以微言動曄，曄不回。 曄素有閨庭論議，朝野所知，故門胄雖華，而國家不與姻，以此激之曰：「丈人若謂朝廷相待厚者，何故不與丈人婚，為是門戶不得邪？ 人作犬豕相遇，而丈人欲為之死，不亦惑乎。」 曄默然不答，其意乃定。
Earlier, Kong Xixian of Lu was learned and possessed a persuader's wit; literature, history, astronomy, and calculation—he mastered them all. He was supernumerary regular cavalry attendant, unknown to his age, long without promotion. Xixian's father Mozhi had been governor of Guang Province. For embezzlement he was sent to the minister of justice; Prince Yikang of Pengcheng protected him and he was spared. When Yikang fell, Xixian secretly planned repayment. Ye was discontent, and Xixian wished to draw him in but found no opening. Ye's nephew Xie Zongya was close to him. Xixian, rich on inherited southern wealth, devoted himself to Zong. At first he gambled with Zong and his brothers, deliberately playing badly and losing goods until affection warmed. Zong introduced Xixian to play with Ye. Xixian deliberately lost again and again, yielding many goods. Ye profited from his wealth and loved his literary gifts, and they became inseparable friends. Xixian at first moved Ye with subtle words; Ye would not turn. Ye's household debates were known throughout court and country. Though his house was noble, the throne would not marry with it. Xixian provoked him: "If the court treats you so well, why won't it marry with you—is your house not good enough? Men meet like dogs and pigs, yet you would die for them—is that not madness?" Ye said nothing; his mind was made up.
21
時曄與沈演之並為上所知待，每被見多同，曄若先至，必待演之，演之先至，常獨被引，曄又以此為怨。 曄累經義康府佐，見待素厚，及宣城之授，意好乖離。 綜為義康大將軍記室參軍，隨鎮豫章。 綜還，申義康意於曄，求解晚隙，復敦往好。
Ye and Shen Yanzhi were both favored. When summoned together, if Ye arrived first he waited for Yanzhi; if Yanzhi arrived first he was often summoned alone. Ye resented this. Ye had long served Yikang's staff and been treated generously; the Xuancheng appointment turned their affection cold. Zong was staff recorder to Grand General Yikang and followed him to Yuzhang. When Zong returned he conveyed Yikang's wish to heal the breach and restore old friendship.
22
曄既有逆謀，欲探時旨，乃言於上曰：「臣曆觀前史二漢故事，諸蕃王政以妖詛幸災，便正大逆之罰。 況義康奸心釁跡，彰著遐邇，而至今無恙，臣竊惑焉。 且大梗常存，將成亂階。」 上不納。
Plotting treason, Ye wished to probe the throne and said, "I have reviewed Han precedents: when princes were punished for sorcery and rejoicing at disaster, they were charged at once with great treason. Yikang's treachery is plain far and near, yet he goes unharmed—I am baffled. A great obstruction remains and will become the steps of rebellion." The emperor did not accept it.
23
熙先素善天文，云：「文帝必以非道晏駕，當由骨肉相殘。 江州應出天子。」 以為義康當之。 綜父述亦為義康所遇，綜弟約又是義康女夫，故文帝使綜隨從南上。 既為熙先獎說，亦有酬報之心。
Xixian, skilled in astronomy, said, "Emperor Wen will die by violence, and kin will kill kin. Jiang Province will produce the Son of Heaven." He thought Yikang would be the one. Zong's father Shu had been favored by Yikang; Zong's brother Yue was Yikang's son-in-law. The emperor had Zong follow the southward journey. Urged by Xixian, he too wished to repay favor.
24
廣州人周靈甫有家兵部曲，熙先以六十萬錢與之，使于廣州合兵。 靈甫一去不反。 大將軍府史仲承祖，義康舊所信念，屢銜命下都，亦潛結腹心，規有異志。 聞熙先有誠，密相結納。 丹陽尹徐湛之素為義康所愛，雖為舅甥，恩過子弟，承祖因此結事湛之，告以密計。 承祖南下，申義康意于蕭思話及曄，云：「本欲與蕭結婚，恨始意不果。 與範本情不薄，中間相失，傍人為之耳。」
Zhou Lingfu of Guang Province had household troops. Xixian gave him six hundred thousand cash to raise soldiers there. Lingfu went and never returned. Zhong Chengzu, clerk in the grand general's residence, had long been trusted by Yikang and often carried orders to the capital. He too secretly joined confidants and plotted rebellion. Hearing Xixian's resolve, he secretly joined him. Xu Zhanzhi, governor of Danyang, had long been loved by Yikang. Though nephew by marriage, he was favored like a son. Chengzu joined Zhanzhi and revealed the plot. Chengzu going south conveyed Yikang's intent to Xiao Sihua and Ye: "I meant to ally with Xiao by marriage, but the first plan failed. With Fan the bond was never thin; the breach was others' doing."
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有法略道人先為義康所養，粗被知待。 又有王國寺法靜尼出入義康家內，皆感激舊恩，規相拯拔，並與熙先往來。 使法略罷道。 法略本姓孫，改名景玄，以為臧質寧遠參軍。
There was the Daoist Falüe, once raised by Yikang and treated with some regard. The nun Fajing of Wangguo Temple also came and went in Yikang's house. All were moved by old favor and plotted rescue, and all associated with Xixian. They had Falüe leave the Dao. Falüe's original surname was Sun. He renamed himself Jingxuan and became staff officer to Zang Zhi, pacifier of the far frontier.
26
熙先善療病兼能診脈，法靜尼妹夫許耀領隊在台，宿衛殿省，嘗有疾，因法靜尼就熙先乞療得損，因成周旋。 熙先以耀膽幹，因告逆謀，耀許為內應。 豫章胡藩子遵世與法靜甚款，亦密相酬和。 法靜尼南上，熙先遣婢采藻隨之，付以箋書，陳說圖讖。 法靜還，義康餉熙先銅匕銅鑷袍段棋奩等物。 熙先慮事泄，酖采藻殺之。
Xixian was skilled at medicine and pulse. Xu Yao, Fajing's brother-in-law, commanded a guard unit at the palace. Ill once, he was treated through Fajing and improved, and they became associates. Finding Yao bold and capable, Xixian told him the plot; Yao agreed to respond from within. Zunshi, son of Hu Fan of Yuzhang, was intimate with Fajing and secretly joined the plot. Fajing went south. Xixian sent the maid Caizao after her with letters of portents and charts. When Fajing returned, Yikang sent Xixian copper spoons, tweezers, robe cloth, and a chess case. Fearing exposure, Xixian poisoned Caizao to death.
27
湛之又謂曄等：「臧質見與異常，質與蕭思話款密，二人並受大將軍眷遇，必無異同，不憂兵力不足，但當勿失機耳。」 乃備相署置：湛之為撫軍將軍、揚州刺史，曄中軍將軍、南徐州刺史，熙先左衛將軍。 其餘皆有選擬。 凡素所不善及不附義康者，又有別簿，併入死目。
Zhanzhi told Ye and the others, "Zang Zhi treats me exceptionally. He and Xiao Sihua are close, both favored by the grand general—they will not waver. Do not fear insufficient troops; only do not miss the moment." They arranged appointments: Zhanzhi as pacifying general and governor of Yang Province; Ye as central army general and governor of South Xuzhou; Xixian as left guard general. The rest all had posts assigned. Those they disliked and all who did not follow Yikang went on a separate register—the death list.
28
熙先使弟休先豫為檄文，言賊臣趙伯符肆兵犯蹕，禍流儲宰，乃奉戴義康。 又以既為大事，宜須義康意旨，乃作義康與湛之書，宣示同黨。
Xixian had his brother Xiuxian draft the proclamation: the traitor Zhao Bofu had raised troops against the imperial progress, disaster had reached the heir-preserver, and they would uphold Yikang. Since the great affair was decided, they needed Yikang's intent. Xixian forged a letter from Yikang to Zhanzhi and showed it to the party.
29
二十二年九月，征北將軍衡陽王義季、右將軍南平王鑠出鎮，上于武帳岡祖道。 曄等期以其日為亂，許耀侍上，扣刀以目曄，曄不敢視，俄而坐散，差互不得發。 十一月，徐湛之上表告狀，於是悉出檄書選事及同惡人名手跡。 詔收綜等，並皆款服，唯曄不首。 上頻使窮詰，乃曰：「熙先苟誣引臣。」 熙先聞曄不服，笑謂殿中將軍沈邵之曰：「凡諸處分、符檄書疏，皆曄所造及改定，云何方作此抵。」 上示以曄墨蹟，曄乃引罪。 明日送曄付廷尉，入獄，然後知為湛之所發。
In the ninth month of the twenty-second year, Prince Yiji of Hengyang and Prince Shuo of Nanping went out to garrison. The emperor saw them off at Wuzhang Hill. Ye and the others chose that day for the rising. Yao attended the emperor, touched his knife, and signaled Ye; Ye dared not look. The assembly broke up and the moment passed. In the eleventh month Xu Zhanzhi reported the plot. Proclamations, appointments, and conspirators' handwriting were all produced. An edict arrested Zong and the others. All confessed—only Ye would not confess first. The emperor pressed the inquiry repeatedly. Ye then said, "Xixian falsely implicated me." Xixian, hearing Ye would not confess, laughed and told Shen Shaozhi, "Every order, proclamation, and letter was written and revised by Ye—how can he deny it?" The emperor showed Ye's handwriting; Ye confessed. The next day Ye was sent to the minister of justice. Only then did he learn Zhanzhi had betrayed him.
30
熙先望風吐款，辭氣不撓，上奇其才，使謂曰：「以卿之才而滯於集書省，理應有異志，此乃我負卿也。」 熙先於獄中上書陳謝，並陳天文占候，誡上有骨肉相殘之禍，其言深切。
Xixian confessed at once, unbending in spirit. The emperor marveled at his talent and said, "With talent like yours stuck in the secretariat, no wonder you rebelled—I failed you." In prison Xixian submitted thanks and astronomical warnings of kin killing kin; his words were fierce.
31
曄後與謝綜等得隔壁，遙問綜曰：「疑誰所告。」 綜曰：「不知。」 曄乃稱徐湛之小名曰：「乃是徐僮也。」 在獄為詩曰：「禍福本無兆，性命歸有極，必至定前期，誰能延一息。 在生已可知，來緣或無識，好醜共一丘，何足異枉直。 豈論東陵上，寧辨首山側，雖無嵇生琴，庶同夏侯色。 寄言生存子，此路行復即。」 上有白團扇甚佳，送曄令書出詩賦美句。 曄受旨援筆而書曰：「去白日之照照，襲長夜之悠悠。」 上循覽淒然。
Ye later reached Zong through the adjoining wall and asked, "Who do you think reported us?" Zong said, "I don't know." Ye named Xu Zhanzhi's childhood name: "It was Xu Tong." In prison he wrote: "Fortune and calamity have no sign; life returns to its limit. The appointed hour must come—who can draw one more breath? Life can be known; what comes after perhaps cannot. Beauty and ugliness share one mound—why distinguish crooked from straight? Why speak of Dongling? Why distinguish Shoushan's side? Though I have no Ji Kang's zither, I hope to match Xiahou's face. Word to the living: this road will soon be taken again." The emperor had a fine white round fan and sent it to Ye, ordering fine lines of poetry. Ye took up the brush and wrote, "Departing the sun's bright shining, entering the long night's lingering gloom." The emperor read it through, deeply moved.
32
曄本謂入獄便死，而上窮其獄，遂經二旬，曄更有生望。 獄吏因戲之曰：「外傳詹事或當長系。」 曄聞之驚喜。 綜、熙先笑之曰：「詹事嘗共論事，無不攘袂瞋目，及在西池射堂上，躍馬顧眄，自以為一世之雄，而今擾攘紛紜，畏死乃爾。 設令今時賜以性命，人臣圖主，何顏可以生存。」 曄謂衛獄將曰：「惜哉，埋如此人。」 將曰：「不忠之人，亦何足惜。」 曄曰：「大將言是也。」 及將詣市，曄最在前，于獄門顧謂綜曰：「次第當以位邪？」 綜曰：「賊帥當為先。」 在道語笑，初無慚恥。 至市問綜曰：「時欲至未？」 綜曰：「勢不復久。」 曄既食，又苦勸綜，綜曰：「此異疾篤，何事強飯。」 曄家人悉至市，監刑職司問曰：「須相見不？」 曄問綜曰：「家人已來，幸得相見，將不暫別？」 綜曰：「別與不別，亦何所存，來必當號泣，正足亂人意。」 曄曰：「號泣何關人，向見道邊親故相瞻望，吾意故欲相見。」 於是呼前。 曄妻先撫其子，回罵曄曰：「君不為百歲阿家，不感天子恩遇，身死固不足塞罪，奈何枉殺子孫。」 曄乾笑，雲罪至而已。 曄所生母對泣曰：「主上念汝無極，汝曾不能感恩，又不念我老，今日奈何！」 仍以手擊曄頸及頰。 曄妻云：「罪人，阿家莫憶莫念。」 妹及妓妾來別，曄乃悲泣流漣。 綜曰：「舅殊不及夏侯色。」 曄收淚而已。 綜母以子弟自陷逆亂，獨不出視。 曄語綜曰：「姊今不來，勝人多也。」 曄轉醉，子藹亦醉，取地土及果皮以擲曄，呼為別駕數十聲。 曄問曰：「汝瞋我邪？」 藹曰：「今日何緣復瞋，但父子同死，不能不悲耳。」
Ye had thought prison meant instant death; yet the emperor pressed the case for twenty days, and hope returned. The prison clerk joked, "Outside they say the grand tutor may be long imprisoned." Ye was startled—and pleased. Zong and Xixian laughed: "The grand tutor always rolled up his sleeves and glared when we debated—yet at the archery hall he leaped on a horse, thinking himself a hero of the age. Now he fears death like this. Suppose life were granted now—what face could a traitor use to live?" Ye told the guard, "Pity—to bury such a man." The guard said, "A traitor—what is there to pity?" Ye said, "The grand tutor speaks rightly." Going to the market, Ye was first. At the prison gate he asked Zong, "Should order follow rank?" Zong said, "The rebel chief goes first." On the road they talked and laughed without shame. At the market he asked Zong, "Is the time nearly come?" Zong said, "Not much longer." After eating, Ye urged Zong to eat. Zong said, "This is a different sickness—why force food?" Ye's household arrived. The execution officer asked, "Do you wish to see them?" Ye asked Zong, "They've come—we can meet. Won't parting be brief?" Zong said, "Parting or not—what difference? They'll wail and only disturb us." Ye said, "Wailing concerns others how? I saw kinsmen gazing from the road—I wanted to meet them." He called them forward. Ye's wife stroked their son, then reviled Ye: "You won't think of your aged mother, won't feel the emperor's grace—your death can't repay guilt, yet why kill our sons and grandsons?" Ye gave a dry laugh: guilt had reached its limit, that was all. His birth mother wept: "The sovereign favored you beyond measure; you repaid no grace, thought not of my old age—what now!" She struck his neck and cheeks. Ye's wife said, "Criminal—Mother, forget him. His sister, singing girls, and concubines came to part; Ye wept. Zong said, "Uncle falls far short of Xiahou's face." Ye wiped his tears and stopped. Zong's mother, whose sons had fallen into treason, would not come out to look. Ye told Zong, "Your sister not coming today surpasses many. Ye grew drunk; his son Ai, also drunk, threw dirt and fruit peels at him, calling him Vice Director dozens of times. " Ye asked, "Are you angry at me?" Ai said, "Why angry today? Father and son die together—I cannot but grieve."
33
曄性精微，有思致，觸類多善，衣裳器服，莫不增損制度，世人皆法學之。 撰和香方，其序之曰：「麝本多忌，過分必害。 沈實易和，盈斤無傷。 零藿虛燥，詹唐黏濕。 甘松、蘇合、安息、郁金、奈多、和羅之屬，並被珍於外國，無取於中土。 又棗膏昏鈍，甲煎淺俗，非唯無助於馨烈，乃當彌增于尤疾也。」 所言悉以比類朝士：麝本多忌，比庾仲文； 零藿虛燥，比何尚之； 詹唐黏濕，比沈演之； 棗膏昏鈍，比羊玄保； 甲煎淺俗，比徐湛之； 甘松蘇合，比慧琳道人； 沈實易和，以自比也。
Ye's nature was subtle and refined, inventive in every category. Clothes and vessels—none he did not redesign, and the age copied him. He compiled a Formula for Blending Incense, prefacing it: "Musk has many taboos; excess harms. Agarwood is solid and blends easily; a full pound does no harm. Linghuo is hollow and dry; zhantang is sticky and damp. Gansong, suhe, anxi, yujin, naiduo, heluo and the like are prized abroad and useless in the central lands. Jujube paste is dull; armor-boiled extract is vulgar—they not only fail fragrance but add serious faults." All was analogy to court gentlemen: musk's taboos compared to Yu Zhongwen; linghuo empty and dry to He Shangzhi; zhantang sticky and damp to Shen Yanzhi; jujube paste dull to Yang Xuanbao; armor-boiled extract vulgar to Xu Zhanzhi; gansong and suhe to the monk Huilin; agarwood solid and easy to blend—himself.
34
曄獄中與諸生侄書以自序，其略曰：
In prison Ye wrote a self-account to his nephews; in outline:
35
吾少懶學問，年三十許，始有尚耳。 自爾以來，轉為心化，至於所通處，皆自得之胸懷。 常謂情志所托，故當以意為主，以文傳意。 以意為主，則其旨必見； 以文傳意，則其辭不流。 然後抽其芬芳，振其金石耳。 觀古今文人多不全了此處，年少中謝莊最有其分，手筆差易，于文不拘韻故也。 吾思乃無定方，但多公家之言，少於事外遠致，以此為恨，亦由無意于文名故也。
I was lazy in youth; only around thirty did aspiration come. From then my heart transformed; whatever I mastered came from my own breast. I always held that feeling and intent should take intent as master and transmit intent through writing. Take intent as master, and the aim appears; transmit through writing, and words do not flow away. Then one draws out fragrance and strikes metal and stone. Most writers ancient and modern miss this; among the young Xie Zhuang had most of it—his hand flowed easily, unbound by rhyme. My thought has no fixed direction—mostly official words, less of distant intent. I regret this, having no mind for literary fame.
36
本未開史書，政恒覺其不可解耳。 既造後漢，轉得統緒。 詳觀古今著述及評論，殆少可意者。 班氏最有高名，既任情無例，唯志可推耳。 博贍不可及之，整理未必愧也。 吾雜傳論皆有精意深旨，至於循吏以下及六夷諸序論，筆勢縱放，實天下之奇作。 其中合者，往往不減過秦篇。 嘗共比方班氏所作，非但不愧之而已。 欲遍作諸志，前漢所有者悉令備，雖事不必多，且使見文得盡。 又欲因事就卷內發論，以正一代得失，意復不果。 贊自是吾文傑思，殆無一字空設，奇變不窮，同合異體，乃自不知所以稱之。 此書行，故應有賞音者。 紀傳例為舉其大略耳，諸細意甚多。 自古體大而思精，未有此也。 恐世人不能盡之，多貴古賤今，所以稱情狂言耳。
I had not opened historical writing; I always felt it could not be understood. Making the Later Han, I then found the thread. Looking carefully at writings and commentaries ancient and modern, scarcely any satisfy. The Ban clan has the highest name; they indulged feeling without rule—only the Treatises stand. In breadth they cannot be reached; in ordering I may not be ashamed. My biography commentaries have refined intent; the orderly officials and six barbarian prefaces are unrestrained—truly marvels under heaven. What fits often does not fall short of the "Discourse on Qin." I compared them with the Ban clan—not only without shame but more. I wished to make all Treatises the Former Han had, complete; affairs need not be many, but writing should be full. I wished to raise commentaries within the scrolls to correct a generation's gains and losses—intent again failed. The Eulogies are my masterpiece; scarcely one word empty; strange changes without end—I myself do not know how to name them. When this book circulates, there should be those who appreciate its tone. The annal-biography examples give the outline; fine points are many. Since antiquity none so large in body and refined in thought. I fear the world cannot fully understand; many prize the old and despise the present—therefore wild words.
37
吾於音樂，聽功不及自揮，但所精非雅聲為可恨，然至於一絕處，亦復何異邪。 其中體趣，言之不可盡。 弦外之意，虛響之音，不知所從而來。 亦嘗以授人，士庶中未有一毫似者，此永不傳矣。 吾書雖小小有意，筆勢不快，餘竟不成就，每愧此名。 曄自序並實，故存之。 藹幼而整潔，衣服竟歲未嘗有塵點，死時年二十。 曄少時，兄晏常云：「此兒進利，終破門戶。」 果如其言。
In music my ear falls short of my hand; what I refined was not elegant sound—regrettable; yet at the supreme place, what difference? The inner tone—words cannot exhaust it. Intent beyond the strings, empty resonance—I do not know whence it comes. I taught others; among commoners and officials not one was the least like it—this will never transmit. My writing has small intent; brush is not swift—yet never accomplished; I regret the name. Ye's self-account is true and therefore preserved. Ai from youth was neat; his clothes a whole year without a speck of dust; he died at twenty. When Ye was young his brother Yan said, "This boy advances for profit and will ruin the house." It happened as he said.
38
初，何尚之處銓衡，自謂天下無滯才，及熙先就拘，帝詰尚之曰：「使孔熙先年三十猶作散騎侍郎，那不作賊。」 熙先死後，又謂尚之曰：「孔熙先有美才，地胄猶可論，而翳跡仕流，豈非時匠失乎？」 尚之曰：「臣昔謬得待罪選曹，誠無以濯汙揚清； 然君子之有智慧，猶鵷鳳之有文采，俟時而振羽翼，何患不出雲霞之上。 若熙先必蘊文采，自棄於污泥，終無論矣。」 上曰：「昔有良才而不遇知己者，何嘗不遺恨於後哉。」
When He Shangzhi held selection, he claimed no talent stalled under heaven. When Xixian was taken, the emperor asked, "If Kong Xixian at thirty were still supernumerary cavalry attendant, would he not rebel?" After Xixian died he told Shangzhi, "Kong Xixian had fine talent and decent ancestry, yet hid in the official stream—is the age's craftsman failing?" Shangzhi said, "I wrongly served selection and truly could not wash the foul and raise the clear; yet when a gentleman has wisdom, like luan and phoenix having pattern—wait for the time and beat wings; what fear of not rising above the clouds? If Xixian truly had literary gifts and cast himself into mud, there is nothing to discuss." The emperor said, "Fine talents who missed knowing lords—how could they not leave regret?"
39
荀伯子，潁川潁陰人，晉驃騎將軍羨之孫也。 父猗，秘書郎。 伯子少好學，博覽經傳，而通率好為雜語，遨遊閭里，故以此失清途。 解褐駙馬都尉、奉朝請、員外散騎侍郎。 著作郎徐廣重其才學，舉伯子及王韶之並為佐郎，同撰晉史及著桓玄等傳。 遷尚書祠部郎。 義熙元年，上表稱：「故太傅钜平侯羊祜勳參佐命，功盛平吳，而享嗣闕然，蒸嘗莫寄。 漢以蕭何元功，故絕世輒紹，愚謂钜平之封，宜同酇國。 故太尉廣陵公陳准党翼孫秀，禍加淮南，竊饗大國，因罪為利。 會西朝政刑失裁，中興復因而不奪，今王道惟新，豈可不大判臧否？ 謂廣陵之國，宜在削除。 故太保衛瓘本爵菑陽縣公，既被橫禍，乃進第秩，加贈蘭陵，又轉江夏。 中朝公輔，多非理終，瓘功德不殊，亦無緣獨受偏賞。 宜復本封，以正國章。」 詔付門下。 前散騎常侍江夏公衛璵及潁川陳茂先各自陳先代勳，不伏貶降。 詔皆付門下，並不施行。
Xun Bozi was from Yingyin in Yingchuan, grandson of the Jin cavalry general-in-chief Xianzhi. His father Yi was a secretariat gentleman. Bozi from youth loved learning and read widely, yet was open and free, loved gossip, and roamed the lanes—therefore he lost the clear path. On leaving the robe he became commandant of the horse guard, attendant at morning audience, and supernumerary cavalry attendant. Xu Guang valued his talent and recommended Bozi with Wang Shaozhi as assistant compilers, jointly compiling the Jin History and biographies of Huan Xuan and others. He was transferred to senior clerk of the ministry of rites. In Yixi 1 he submitted a memorial: "Former Grand Tutor Marquis of Juping Yang Hu assisted the mandate, his merit surpassing the pacification of Wu, yet sacrifices to descendants are lacking. Han because of Xiao He's primal merit continued the line when it ended—I think Juping's enfeoffment should be like Zan. Former Grand Commandant Marquis of Guangling Chen Huai sided with Sun Xiu, disaster reaching Huainan, yet enjoyed a great state and turned crime to profit. When the Western Court lost measure in punishment, the Restoration followed and did not revoke. Now the kingly way is renewed—how not judge good and evil? Guangling's state should be removed. Former Grand Protector Wei Guan's original enfeoffment was marquis of Ziyang county; suffering violent calamity, rank advanced, additionally duke of Lanling, then Jiangxia. Middle-court ministers mostly did not end by reason; Guan's merit was not different—no reason for partial reward. Restore the original enfeoffment to correct state regulations." An edict went to the secretariat. Former supernumerary attendant Duke of Jiangxia Wei Jun and Chen Maoxian of Yingchuan each stated ancestral merit and would not submit to demotion. Edicts went to the secretariat and were not carried out.
40
伯子為妻弟謝晦薦達，為尚書左丞，出補臨川內史。 車騎將軍王弘稱伯子「沈重不華，有平陽侯之風」。 伯子常自矜藉蔭之美，謂弘曰：「天下膏粱，唯使君與下官耳，宣明之徒不足數也。」 遷散騎常侍，又上表曰：「百官位次，陳留王在零陵王上，臣愚竊以為疑。 昔武王克殷，封神農後於焦，黃帝后于祝，帝堯後於薊，帝舜後於陳，夏後後於杞，殷後於宋。 杞、陳並為列國，而薊、祝、焦無聞。 斯則褒崇所承，優於遠代之顯驗也。 是以春秋次序諸侯，宋居杞、陳之上，考之近代，事亦有征。 晉泰始元年，詔賜山陽公劉康子弟一人爵關內侯，衛公姬署、宋侯孔紹子弟一人駙馬都尉。 又泰始三年，太常上言博士劉嘉等議，稱衛公署于大晉在三恪之數，應降稱侯。 臣以為零陵王位宜在陳留之上。」 從之。
Bozi recommended his brother-in-law Xie Hui and became senior clerk of the interior, then internal administrator of Linchuan. Wang Hong, general of chariots and cavalry, called Bozi "weighty without display, with the air of the Marquis of Pingyang." Bozi often prided himself on inherited privilege and told Hong, "Under heaven only you and I—men like Xuanming aren't worth counting." He was made supernumerary regular attendant and submitted another memorial: "In ranking the hundred offices, the Prince of Chenliu stands above the Prince of Lingling—I think this doubtful. When King Wu conquered Yin he enfeoffed Shen Nong's descendant at Jiao, Huang Di's at Zhu, Yao's at Ji, Shun's at Chen, Xia at Qi, Yin at Song. Qi and Chen became feudal states; Ji, Zhu, and Jiao are unheard of. What honor inherits is superior to distant ages' visible proof. Therefore the Spring and Autumn Annals places Song above Qi and Chen—recent ages too have proof. Jin Taishi 1 granted Liu Kang, duke of Shanyang, one clansman rank of marquis within the passes; Ji Shu, duke of Wei, and Kong Shao, marquis of Song, one each as commandant of the horse guard. Taishi 3 the minister of ceremonies submitted that Erudite Liu Jia debated Duke Wei Shu in great Jin was among the Three Honored and should be demoted to marquis. The Prince of Lingling's rank should stand above Chenliu." It was followed.
41
為御史中丞，蒞職勤恪，有匪躬之稱。 立朝正色，眾咸憚之。 凡所奏劾，莫不深相訶毀，或延及祖禰，示其切直。 又頗雜嘲戲，故世人以此非之。 補司徒左長史，卒于東陽太守。 文集傳於世。
He became censor-in-chief, diligent in office, not sparing himself. Standing at court with upright countenance, all feared him. Whatever he impeached he reviled deeply, sometimes reaching ancestors, showing cutting directness. He often mixed mockery and jest; the world criticized him for it. He became left chief clerk of the minister of works and died as governor of Dongyang. A collected works circulated.
42
子赤松，為尚書右丞，以徐湛之党，為元凶所殺。
His son Chisong was senior clerk of the interior on the right and was killed by the crown prince as Xu Zhanzhi's partisan.
43
伯子族弟昶字茂祖，與伯子絕服，元嘉初，以文義至中書郎。 昶子萬秋。
Bozi's clansman Chang, styled Maozu, ended mourning with Bozi; at Yuanjia's start, through literary gifts he reached secretariat gentleman. Chang's son Wanqiu.
44
萬秋字元寶，亦用才學自顯。 昶見釋慧琳，謂曰：「昨萬秋對策，欲以相示。」 答曰：「此不須看。 若非先見而答，貧道不能為； 若先見而答，貧道奴皆能為。」 昶曰：「此將不傷道德耶？」 答曰：「大德所以不德。」 乃相對笑，竟不看焉。 萬秋孝武初為晉陵太守，坐于郡立華林合，置主衣、主書，下獄免。 前廢帝末，為御史中丞，卒官。
Wanqiu, styled Yuanbao, also made himself visible by talent. Chang saw the monk Huilin and said, "Yesterday Wanqiu answered at examination—I wish to show you." Huilin answered, "No need to see it. If not answering after prior sight, I cannot do it; if answering after prior sight, my slaves can all do it." Chang said, "Does this not harm virtue?" Huilin answered, "Great virtue therefore is not virtuous." They laughed and never looked. At Xiaowu's start Wanqiu was governor of Jinling; for building the Hualin Pavilion in the commandery he was imprisoned and dismissed. At the deposed emperor's end he was censor-in-chief and died in office.
45
徐廣字野人，東莞姑幕人也。 父藻，都水使者。 兄邈，太子前衛率。 家世好學，至廣尤精。 百家數術，無不研覽。 家貧，未嘗以產業為意，妻中山劉謐之女忿之，數以相讓，廣終不改。 如此十數年，家道日弊，遂與廣離。 後晉孝武帝以廣博學，除為秘書郎，校書秘閣，增置職僚。
Xu Guang, styled Yerén, was from Gumu in Dongguan. His father Zao was commissioner of waterways. His elder brother Miao was forward commander of the heir apparent's guard. The family for generations loved learning; in Guang it was especially refined. The hundred schools and numerical arts—none he did not study. The household was poor and he never cared for property; his wife, Liu Mi's daughter of Zhongshan, resented this and reproached him repeatedly—Guang never changed. For more than ten years the household declined daily, and she left him. Later Emperor Xiaowu of Jin, finding Guang broadly learned, made him secretariat gentleman; he collated books in the secret repository and staff were added.
46
隆安中，尚書令王珣舉為祠部郎。 李太后崩，廣議服曰：「太皇太后名位既正，體同皇極，理製備盡，情禮彌申。 陽秋之義，母以子貴。 既稱夫人，禮服從正。 故成風顯夫人之號，文公服三年之喪，子于父之所生，體尊義重。 且禮祖不厭孫，固宜遂服無屈。 而緣情立制，若嫌明文不存，則疑斯從重。 謂應同于為祖母後，齊衰三年。」 時從其議。
In Long'an Wang Xun, minister of the interior, recommended him as senior clerk of rites. When Empress Dowager Li died, Guang debated mourning: "The grand empress dowager's name and rank are correct, her body the same as the imperial apex; ritual is fully prepared, feeling and ritual extended. The Spring and Autumn Annals: the mother is honored through the son. Having called her Lady, mourning garments follow the correct form. Chengfeng displayed the title of lady; Duke Wen wore three years' mourning; the son for what the father begot—body honored, meaning weighty. In ritual the ancestor does not weary of the grandson—it is fitting to follow mourning without bending. Yet establishing system by feeling—if clear text is lacking, follow the heavier rule. It should be the same as succeeding a grandmother—observing mourning three years." At the time they followed this debate.
47
及會稽王世子元顯錄尚書，欲使百僚致敬，台內使廣立議，由是內外並執下官禮，廣常為愧恨。
When Kuaiji's heir Yuanxian recorded the interior and wished homage from all officials, Guang was made to establish the debate; inside and outside held lower-official ritual—Guang was ashamed.
48
義熙初，宋武帝使撰車服儀注，仍除鎮軍諮議參軍，領記室，封樂成縣五等侯。 轉員外散騎常侍，領著作郎。 二年，尚書奏廣撰成晉史。 六年，遷驍騎將軍。 時有風雹為災，廣獻言武帝，多所勸勉。 又轉大司農，領著作郎，遷秘書監。
At Yixi's start Liu Yu had him compile carriage, robe, and ritual regulations; he became staff adviser to the pacifying general, recorder, and fifth-rank marquis of Lecheng county. He was transferred to supernumerary cavalry attendant and concurrently compiler. In the second year the interior submitted that Guang had completed the Jin History. In the sixth year he was made general of rapid cavalry. Wind and hail became disaster; Guang presented words to the emperor with much encouragement. He was transferred to minister of public works, concurrently compiler, and promoted to director of the secretariat.
49
初，桓玄篡位，安帝出宮，廣陪列悲慟，哀動左右。 及武帝受禪，恭帝遜位，廣又哀感，涕泗交流。 謝晦見之，謂曰：「徐公將無小過。」 廣收淚答曰：「身與君不同，君佐命興王，逢千載嘉運。 身世荷晉德，眷戀故主。」 因更歔欷。
When Huan Xuan usurped and Emperor An left the palace, Guang in the ranks grieved; sorrow moved those beside him. When Liu Yu received abdication and Emperor Gong yielded, Guang again wept. Xie Hui, seeing this, said, "Master Xu will perhaps have a small fault." Guang wiped his tears: "You and I are not the same—you assisted the mandate and met a thousand-year fortune. I owe Jin virtue and am attached to the former lord. He wept again.
50
時有高平郗紹亦作晉中興書，數以示何法盛。 法盛有意圖之，謂紹曰：「卿名位貴達，不復俟此延譽。 我寒士，無聞于時，如袁宏、干寶之徒，賴有著述，流聲於後。 宜以為惠。」 紹不與。 至書成，在齋內廚中，法盛詣紹，紹不在，直入竊書。 紹還失之，無復兼本，於是遂行何書。
Gao Ping Chi Shao also made the Jin Restoration Book and showed it to He Fasheng. Fasheng wished to seize it and told Shao, "Your rank is noble—you need no extended fame from this. I am a cold scholar, unknown; men like Yuan Hong and Gan Bao rely on writings for later fame. Make it a gift." Shao refused. When the book was complete it was in the study kitchen; Fasheng went, Shao absent, entered and stole it. Shao returned to find it gone, no duplicate—He's book circulated.
51
徐豁字萬同，廣兄子也。 父邈，晉太子前衛率。 豁宋永初初，為尚書左丞、山陰令，精練法理，為時所推。 元嘉初，為始興太守，表陳三事。 文帝嘉之，賜絹二百匹，穀一千斛。 徙廣州刺史，未拜卒。
Xu Huo, styled Wantong, was Guang's nephew. His father Miao was forward commander of the Jin heir's guard. At Song Yongchu's start Huo was senior clerk of the interior on the left and magistrate of Shanyin; he refined legal principles and was esteemed. At Yuanjia's start he was governor of Shixing and submitted three matters. Emperor Wen praised it and granted two hundred bolts of silk and a thousand hu of grain. He was transferred to governor of Guang Province and died before accepting.
52
鄭鮮之字道子，滎陽開封人，魏將作大匠渾之玄孫也。 祖襲，大司農，經為江乘令，因居縣境。 父遵，尚書郎。
Zheng Xianzhi, styled Daozi, was from Kaifeng in Xingyang, great-great-grandson of the Wei master of construction Hun. His grandfather Xi was minister of public works; once magistrate of Jiangcheng, he dwelt within the county. His father Zun was a gentleman of the interior.
53
鮮之下帷讀書，絕交遊之務。 初為桓偉輔國主簿。 先是，兗州刺史滕恬為丁零翟遼所沒，屍喪不反。 恬子羨仕宦不廢，論者嫌之。 桓玄在荊州，使群僚博議。 鮮之議曰：「名教大極，忠孝而已。 至乎變通抑引，每事輒殊。 本而尋之，皆求心而遺跡。 跡之所乘，遭遇或異。 故聖人或就跡以助教，或因跡以成罪，屈申與奪，難可等齊，舉其阡陌，皆可終言矣。 天可逃乎？ 而伊尹廢君； 君可脅乎？ 而鬻拳見善； 忠可愚乎？ 而箕子同仁。 自此以還，殊實而齊聲，異譽而等美者，不可勝言。 今如滕羨情事者，或終身隱處，不關人事，或升朝理務，無譏前哲。 通滕者則以無譏為證，塞滕者則以隱處為美。 折其兩中，則異同之情可見矣。 夫聖人立教，猶言有禮無時，君子不行。 有禮無時，政以事有變通，不可宗一故耳。」
Xianzhi lowered the curtain to read and cut off social intercourse. At first he was chief clerk to Huan Wei, general who supports the state. Earlier, Yan Province inspector Teng Tian was destroyed by the Dingling Zhai Liao; corpse and coffin never returned. Tian's son Xian served on without pause; debaters found fault. Huan Xuan was in Jing Province and had officials broadly debate. Xianzhi debated: "Name-teaching's apex is loyalty and filial piety alone. Change, extension, suppression, citation—each affair differs. Tracing to the root, all seek the heart and leave the trace. What the trace rides on—encounter may differ. Sages sometimes follow trace to aid teaching, or because of trace complete guilt; bending, extending, taking, giving—hard to equalize. Heaven can be fled? Yet Yi Yin deposed his lord; the lord can be coerced? yet Yuzhan saw good; loyalty can be foolish? yet Jizi shared the same virtue. From this onward, different substance yet same sound, different praise yet equal beauty—countless. As for Teng Xian's situation, some hide all their lives, or ascend court without reproach from worthies. Those who open for Teng take no reproach as proof; those who block take hiding as beauty. Break the two middles, and feeling's difference and sameness appear. Sages establish teaching—still they say ritual without timely fit, and the gentleman does not act. Ritual without timely fit—affairs have change and cannot be bound to one alone."
54
宋武帝起義兵，累遷御史中丞。 性剛直，甚得司直之體。 外甥劉毅權重當時，朝野莫不歸附，鮮之盡心武帝，獨不屈意於毅，毅甚恨焉。 以與毅舅甥制不相糾，使書侍御史丘洹奏彈毅輒宥傳詔羅道盛。 詔無所問。
When Liu Yu raised righteous troops, Xianzhi rose to censor-in-chief. His nature was stern and straight, very the upright censor's substance. His nephew Liu Yi held power; court and country attached—Xianzhi devoted himself to Liu Yu and alone would not bend to Yi; Yi resented it. Because nephew by marriage could not impeach each other, he had Qiu Yuan impeach Yi for pardoning edict-bearer Luo Daosheng. An edict made no inquiry.
55
時新制，長吏以父母疾去官，禁錮三年。 山陰令沈叔任父疾去職，鮮之因此上議曰：「今省父母之疾而加以罪名，悖義疾理，莫此為大。 謂宜從舊，於義為允。」 從之。 於是自二品以上，父母及為祖父母后者，墳墓崩毀及疾病，族屬輒去，並不禁錮。
A new regulation: senior officials leaving for parents' illness were barred three years. Magistrate Shen Shuren left for his father's illness; Xianzhi debated: "Adding guilt for attending parents' illness violates righteousness—nothing greater. Follow the old—in righteousness it is fitting." It was followed. From then on, second rank upward, for parents and grandparents' successors, tomb collapse and illness—clansmen left and none were barred.
56
劉毅當鎮江陵，武帝會于江寧，朝士畢集。 毅素好摴蒱，於是會戲。 帝與毅斂局各得其半，積錢隱人，毅呼帝並之。 先擲得雉，帝甚不悅，良久乃答之，四坐傾屬。 既擲得盧，毅意大惡，謂帝曰：「知公不以大坐席與人。」 鮮之大喜，徒跣繞床大叫，聲聲相續，毅甚不平，謂之曰：「此鄭君何為者？」 無復甥舅之敬。
When Liu Yi was to garrison Jiangling, Liu Yu met at Jiangning; court gentlemen gathered. Yi loved chupu; at the meeting they played. The emperor and Yi each took half the board; cash was hidden—Yi called the emperor to merge. Yi first cast zhi; the emperor was displeased; long after he answered; all leaned to watch. Casting lu, Yi's mood turned foul; he told the emperor, "I know you won't give the great seat to others." Xianzhi was delighted, barefoot circled the bed shouting; Yi was displeased: "What is Master Zheng doing?" No longer nephew-uncle respect.
57
帝少事戎旅，不經涉學，及為宰相，頗慕風流。 時或談論，人皆依違不敢難。 鮮之難必切至，未嘗寬假。 與帝言，要須帝理屈，然後置之。 帝有時慚恧變色，感其輸情，時人謂為「格佞」。 十二年，武帝北伐，以為右長史。 鮮之曾祖晉江州長史哲墓在開封，求拜省，帝以騎送之。 及入咸陽，帝遍視阿房、未央故地，悽愴動容，問鮮之秦、漢所以得喪。 鮮之具以賈誼過秦對。 帝曰：「及子嬰而亡，已為晚矣。 然觀始皇為人，智足見是非，所任不得人，何也？」 答曰：「夫佞言似忠，奸言似信，中人以上，乃可語上。 始皇未及中人，所以暗於識士。」 前至渭濱，帝復歎曰：「此地甯復有呂望邪？」 鮮之曰：「昔葉公好龍而真龍見，燕昭市骨而駿足至。 明公以旰食待士，豈患海內無人。」 帝稱善者久之。
The emperor in youth served in campaigns, untrained in learning; as chief minister he admired elegant culture. Sometimes in discussion everyone yielded and dared not dispute. Xianzhi's disputing was always cutting, never lenient. Speaking with the emperor, he must have the emperor's reason bent before stopping. The emperor sometimes blushed, moved by his honesty; the age called it "blocking the sycophant." In the twelfth year Liu Yu marched north and made him right chief clerk. His great-grandfather's tomb as Jin Jiang Province chief clerk was at Kaifeng; he requested leave; the emperor sent cavalry. Entering Xianyang the emperor viewed Epang and Weiyang, moved to sorrow; he asked how Qin and Han obtained and lost. Xianzhi answered with Jia Yi's "Discourse on Qin." The emperor said, "By Ziying's fall it was already late. Yet the First Emperor's wisdom saw right and wrong—those he employed were not men; why?" He answered, "Flattery resembles loyalty; treachery resembles trust—only men of middle capacity and above can speak upward. The First Emperor had not reached middle capacity—therefore dark in recognizing scholars." At the Wei bank the emperor sighed, "Will this place again have a Lü Wang?" Xianzhi said, "Duke Ye loved dragons and the true dragon appeared; King Zhao bought bones and swift hooves came. Your Enlightened Lord with late meals awaits scholars—how fear no men within the seas?" The emperor praised it long.
58
宋國初建，轉奉常。 赫連勃勃陷關中，武帝復欲北討，鮮之表諫。 及踐阼，遷太常、都官尚書。 時傅亮、謝晦位遇日隆，範泰嘗眾中讓誚鮮之曰：「卿與傅、謝俱從聖主有功關、洛，卿乃居僚首，今日答颯，去人遼遠，何不肖之甚。」 鮮之熟視不對。 鮮之為人通率，在武帝坐，言無所隱晦，亦甚憚焉。 而隱厚篤實，贍恤親故，遊行命駕，或不知所適，隨禦者所之。 尤為武帝所狎。 上曾內殿宴飲，朝貴畢至，唯不召鮮之。 坐定，謂群臣曰：「鄭鮮之必當自來。」 俄而外啟尚書鄭鮮之詣神獸門求啟事，帝大笑引入。 其被遇如此。 以從征功，封龍陽縣五等子。 景平中，徐、傅當權，出為豫章太守。 時王弘為江州刺史，竊謂人曰：「鄭公德素，先朝所禮，方於前代，鍾元常、王景興之流。 今徐、傅出以為郡，抑當有以。」 尋有廢立事。 元嘉三年，弘入為相，舉鮮之為尚書右僕射。 四年卒。 文集行於世。 子愔，始安太守。
When the Song state was first established he became minister of ceremonies. When Helian Bobo took Guanzhong, the emperor again wished to campaign north and Xianzhi remonstrated. On ascending the throne he became minister of ceremonies and minister of justice. Fu Liang and Xie Hui grew in rank; Fan Tai once reproached Xianzhi in assembly: "You with Fu and Xie followed the sage lord at Tong and Luo—yet today you answer despondently, distant from others—how unworthy." Xianzhi stared and did not answer. Xianzhi was open and free; before the emperor his words had nothing hidden—yet he was also feared. Yet he was hidden, thick, and solid, supporting kin and old friends; traveling, he sometimes did not know where—following the driver. Especially the emperor treated him intimately. The emperor once feasted in the inner hall; nobles arrived—Xianzhi was not summoned. Seated, he told ministers, "Zheng Xianzhi will surely come himself." Soon report came that Zheng Xianzhi had arrived at the Divine Beast Gate seeking audience; the emperor laughed and led him in. Such was his favor. For campaign merit he was enfeoffed fifth-rank baron of Longyang county. In Jingping Xu and Fu held power; he went out as governor of Yuzhang. Wang Hong, inspector of Jiang Province, said secretly, "Master Zheng's virtue is plain; former courts honored him—like Zhong Yuanchang and Wang Jingxing. Now Xu and Fu send him out as governor—there must be reason." Soon came deposing and establishing. Yuanjia 3 Hong entered as chief minister and recommended Xianzhi as right vice director. In the fourth year he died. A collected works circulated. His son Yin was governor of Shian.
59
裴松之字世期，河東聞喜人也。 祖昧，光祿大夫。 父珪，正員外郎。
Pei Songzhi, styled Shiji, was from Wenxi in Hedong. His grandfather Mei was grand master of splendor. His father Gui was regular attendant.
60
松之博覽墳籍，立身簡素。 年二十，拜殿中將軍。 此官直衛左右，晉孝武太元中，革選名家以參顧問，始用琅邪王茂之、會稽謝輶，皆南北之望。
Songzhi read broadly in the classics and lived plainly. At twenty he was appointed general of the palace. This office guarded left and right; in Jin Xiaowu's Taiyuan era famous houses were chosen for consultation; at first Wang Maozhi of Langya and Xie Zhou of Kuaiji—hopes of north and south.
61
義熙初，為吳興故彰令，在縣有績。 入為尚書祠部郎。 松之以世立私碑，有乖事實，上表陳之，以為「諸欲立碑者，宜悉令言上，為朝議所許，然後聽之，庶可以防遏無征，顯彰茂實」。 由是普斷。
At Yixi's start he was magistrate of former Zhang in Wuxing and achieved in the county. He entered as senior clerk of the ministry of rites. Songzhi, because the age established private steles contrary to fact, memorialized: "All who wish steles should report upward; after court debate permits, then allow—perhaps preventing the unverified and displaying truth." On this account it was universally cut off.
62
武帝北伐，領司州刺史，以松之為州主簿，轉中從事。 既克洛陽，松之居州行事。 宋國初建，毛德祖使洛陽，武帝敕之曰：「裴松之廊廟之才，不宜久居邊務，今召為世子洗馬，與殷景仁同，可令知之。」
When Liu Yu marched north he held Si Province and made Songzhi provincial chief clerk, then middle aide. Having taken Luoyang, Songzhi handled provincial affairs. When Song was established, Mao Dezu was sent to Luoyang; the emperor charged him: "Pei Songzhi has hall-and-temple talent, should not long remain on the frontier; summon as preceptor to the heir, same as Yin Jingren—let him know."
63
時議立五廟樂，松之以妃臧氏廟用樂亦宜與四廟同。 除零陵內史，徵為國子博士。
Debate established five-temple music; Songzhi held Lady Zang's temple should use music same as the four temples. He was made internal administrator of Lingling and summoned as national university erudite.
64
元嘉三年，誅司徒徐羨之等，分遣大使巡行天下，並兼散騎常侍，班宣二十四條詔書。 松之使湘州，甚得奉使之義，論者美之。
Yuanjia 3 Minister of Works Xu Xianzhi and others were executed; grand envoys toured the realm, all supernumerary cavalry attendants, proclaiming the twenty-four-article edict. Songzhi was envoy to Xiang Province and very obtained the envoy's meaning; debaters praised him.
65
轉中書侍郎。 上使注陳壽三國志，松之鳩集傳記，廣增異聞。 既成奏之，上覽之曰：「裴世期為不朽矣。」
He was transferred to secretariat gentleman. The emperor had him annotate Chen Shou's Records of the Three Kingdoms; Songzhi gathered biographies and broadly increased divergent hearsay. When complete he presented it; the emperor reading said, "Pei Shiji will be immortal."
66
出為永嘉太守，勤恤百姓，吏人便之。 後為南琅邪太守，致仕，拜中散大夫。 尋為國子博士，進太中大夫。 使續成何承天國史，未及撰述，卒。
He went out as governor of Yongjia, diligently caring for the people; officials and people found it convenient. Later governor of South Langya, retired, and appointed grand master of the palace. Soon national university erudite and promoted to grand master of the palace. He was sent to continue He Chengtian's Song History; before composing, he died.
67
子駰，南中郎參軍。 松之所著文論及晉記，駰注司馬遷史記，並行於世。 駰子昭明。
His son Yin was staff officer to the general of the right. Songzhi's literary treatises and Jin Record, Yin's annotation to Sima Qian's Records, all circulated. Yin's son Zhaoming.
68
昭明少傳儒史之業，宋泰始中為太學博士。 有司奏太子婚，納徵用玉璧虎皮，未詳何所准擬。 昭明議：「禮'納征儷皮'。 鄭云：'皮為庭實，鹿皮也'，晉太子納妃注'以虎皮二'。 太元中，公主納征，虎豹皮各一。 此豈謂婚禮不詳。 王公之差，故取虎豹文蔚以尊其事。 虎豹雖文，而征禮所不言； 熊羆雖古，而婚禮所不及； 珪璋雖美，或為用各異。 今宜准經誥，凡諸僻謬，一皆詳正。」 於是有司參議，加珪璋豹熊羆皮各二。
Zhaoming from youth transmitted Confucian history; in Song Taishi he was imperial academy erudite. Officials memorialized the crown prince's marriage; betrothal gifts used jade bi and tiger hide—source unclear. Zhaoming debated: "Ritual 'betrothal gift paired hides. Zheng said: 'Hide as court substance, deerskin'; Jin crown prince note 'with two tiger hides. In Taiyuan, princess betrothal used one each tiger and leopard hide. How can one say marriage ritual is not detailed? Duke and prince differ—therefore tiger and leopard pattern to honor the affair. Tiger and leopard are patterned, yet betrothal ritual does not speak of them; bear and brown bear are ancient, yet marriage ritual does not reach them; gui and zhang are beautiful, or use each differs. Now follow classics and edicts; all eccentric errors should be corrected." Officials jointly debated and added gui, zhang, leopard, bear, and brown bear hide two each.
69
元徽中，出為長沙郡丞。 罷任，刺史王蘊謂曰：「卿清貧必無還資，湘中人士有須一禮之命者，我不愛也。」 昭明曰：「下官忝為郡佐，不能光益上府，豈以鴻都之事，仰累清風。」 曆祠部通直郎。
In Yuanhui he went out as assistant administrator of Changsha. Leaving office, Inspector Wang Yun told him, "You are poor and clean, surely no return funds; if Xiang men need one ritual command, I do not begrudge it." Zhaoming said, "I serve as commandery aide and cannot brighten the prefecture—how burden clear wind with Hongdu affairs." He served as senior clerk of rites and direct attendant.
70
齊永明三年使魏，武帝謂曰：「以卿有將命之才，使還當以一郡相賞。」 還為始安內史。 郡人龔玄宜云：「神人與其玉印玉板書，不須筆，吹紙便成字。」 自稱龔聖人，以此惑眾，前後郡太守敬事之。 昭明付獄案罪。 及還，甚貧罄，武帝曰：「裴昭明當罷郡，還遂無宅，我不讀書，不知古人中誰可比之。」 遷射聲校尉。
Qi Yongming 3 he was envoy to Wei; the emperor told him, "Because you carry command well, on return I reward you with one commandery." On return he was internal administrator of Shian. Gong Xuanyi of the commandery said, "Spirits gave him jade seal and jade board writing—no brush; blowing paper made characters." He called himself the Sage Gong and deluded the multitude; former governors served him respectfully. Zhaoming handed him to prison. On return he was very poor; the emperor said, "Pei Zhaoming left commandery with no house—I do not read books and know no ancient comparison." He was made commandant of the archers.
71
九年復北使。 建武初，為王玄邈安北長史、廣陵太守。 明帝以其在事無啟奏，代還責之，昭明曰：「臣不欲競執關鍵故耳。」 昭明曆郡皆清勤，常謂人曰：「人生何事須聚畜，一身之外亦復何須。 子孫若不才，我聚彼散。 若能自立，則不如一經。」 故終身一不事產業。 中興二年卒。 子子野。
In the ninth year he again went north as envoy. At Jianwu's start he was senior staff secretary to Wang Xuanniao, pacifier of the north, and governor of Guangling. Emperor Ming because he filed no memorials, replaced and reproached him; Zhaoming said, "I did not wish to compete holding the key—that is all." Through commanderies he was clear and diligent; he often said, "What in life needs storing? Beyond the person what is needed? If sons lack talent, I gather and they scatter. If they can stand on their own, better one classic." Therefore all his life he never engaged in property. He died in Zhongxing 2. His son Ziye.
72
子野字幾原，生而母魏氏亡，為祖母殷氏所養。 殷柔明有文義，以章句授之。 年九歲，殷氏亡，泣血哀慟，家人異之。 少好學，善屬文，仕齊為江夏王行參軍。 遭父憂去職。 初，父寢疾彌年，子野禱請備至，涕泗沾濡。 父夜夢見其容，旦召視如夢，俄而疾間，以為至孝所感。 命著孝感傳，固辭乃止。 及居喪，每之墓所，草為之枯。 有白兔白鳩馴擾其側。
Ziye, styled Jiyuan, was born and his mother Lady Wei died; his grandmother Lady Yin raised him. Yin was gentle and bright with literary gifts and taught him by chapter and phrase. At nine Lady Yin died; he wept blood in grief; the household found him strange. In youth he loved learning, wrote well, and served Qi as staff officer to the Prince of Jiangxia. He left office on his father's death. When his father lay ill a full year, Ziye prayed to the utmost, tears soaking. His father dreamed his face; at dawn summoned and looked—as in the dream; soon illness eased—supreme filiality, they thought. Ordered to compose the Filiality Moved Biography; he declined and stopped. In mourning, each visit to the tomb the grass withered. White rabbits and white doves lingered tame at the side.
73
梁天監初，尚書僕射范雲嘉其至行，將表奏之，會雲卒不果。 樂安任昉有盛名，為後進所慕，遊其門者，昉必推薦。 子野於昉為從中表，獨不至，昉亦恨焉，故不之善。
At Liang Tianjian's start Vice Director Fan Yun praised his conduct and was about to memorialize; Yun died and it did not happen. Ren Fang of Le'an had great fame; those who visited his gate—Fang always recommended them. Ziye to Fang was cousin among cousins and alone did not go; Fang resented it and did not speak well.
74
久之兼廷尉正，時三官通署獄，子野嘗不在，同僚輒署其名。 奏有不允，子野從坐免職。 或勸言請有司，可無咎，子野笑曰：「雖慚柳季之道，豈因訟以受服。」 自此免黜久之，終無恨意。 中書郎範縝與子野未遇，聞其行業而善焉。 會遷國子博士，乃上表讓之，有司以資歷非次，不為通。
After long time he was corrector of judicial review; the three offices jointly handled cases—Ziye absent, colleagues signed his name. When the memorial was not approved, Ziye was implicated and dismissed. Some urged appealing to officials—no blame; Ziye laughed: "Though ashamed before Liu Ji's way, how take lawsuit for punishment." Dismissed long, in the end no resentful intent. Fan Zhen of the secretariat and Ziye had not met; hearing his conduct he approved. Transferred to national university erudite he yielded to Ziye; officials because qualification was out of order did not pass.
75
後為諸暨令，在縣不行鞭罰，人有爭者，示之以理，百姓稱悅，合境無訟。
Later magistrate of Zhuji; he used no whip—when people disputed he showed principle; the people praised, the whole territory without lawsuits.
76
初，子野曾祖松之，宋元嘉中受詔續修何承天宋史，未成而卒，子野常欲繼成先業。 及齊永明末，沈約所撰宋書稱「松之已後無聞焉」。 子野更撰為宋略二十卷，其敘事評論多善，而云：「戮淮南太守沈璞，以其不從義師故也」。 約懼，徒跣謝之，請兩釋焉。 歎其述作曰：「吾弗逮也。」 蘭陵蕭琛言其評論可與過秦、王命分路揚鑣。 於是吏部尚書徐勉言之于武帝，以為著作郎，掌修國史及起居注。 頃之，兼中書通事舍人，尋除通直員外，著作、舍人如故。 敕又掌中書詔誥。
Ziye's great-grandfather Songzhi in Song Yuanjia received edict to continue He Chengtian's Song History; before completion he died—Ziye always wished to continue. At Qi Yongming's end Shen Yue's Song Book said, "After Songzhi there was no report." Ziye compiled Song Outline in twenty scrolls; narrative and commentaries mostly good, saying, "Executed Huainan governor Shen Pu because he would not follow the righteous army." Yue feared, went barefoot and apologized, requesting mutual release. He sighed at the writing: "I do not reach him. Lanling Xiao Chen said his commentaries could share the road with "Discourse on Qin" and "Royal Mandate." Minister of Personnel Xu Mian told the emperor; he was made compiler, revising national history and attendance records. Soon additionally supernumerary secretariat attendant-in-ordinary, removed as direct attendant; compiler and attendant as before. By edict he again was in charge of secretariat edicts.
77
時西北遠邊有白題及滑國遣使由岷山道入貢，此二國歷代弗賓，莫知所出。 子野曰：「漢潁陰侯斬胡白題將一人。 服虔注云：'白題，胡名也。 '又漢定遠侯擊虜，八滑從之，此其後乎。」 時人服其博識。 敕仍使撰方國使圖，廣述懷來之盛，自要服至於海表，凡二十國。 子野與沛國劉顯、南陽劉之遴、陳郡殷芸、陳留阮孝緒、吳郡顧協、京兆韋棱皆博學，深相賞好，顯尤推重之。 時吳平侯蕭勱、范陽張纘每討論墳籍，咸折衷於子野。
On the far northwest frontier Baiti and Huaguo sent envoys through Minshan to tribute—through dynasties unsubmitted, none knew whence. Ziye said, "Han Marquis of Yingyin beheaded one Baiti general. Fu Qian's note: 'Baiti, Hu name. Again Han Marquis Who Settles the Far Frontier attacked barbarians—eight Huaguo followed; probably their descendants." The age submitted to his broad knowledge. By edict he compiled the Map of Frontier Envoys, setting forth those who came with hearts bound; from inner garments to beyond the sea, twenty states. Ziye with Liu Xian, Liu Zhixun, Yin Yun, Ruan Xiaoxu, Gu Xie, and Wei Leng were all broadly learned; they deeply befriended one another—Xian especially valued him. Marquis Xiao Xun of Wu Ping and Zhang Zuan of Fanyang, discussing classics, all took the middle from Ziye.
78
繼母曹氏亡，居喪過禮，服闋，再遷員外郎。 普通七年，大舉北侵，敕子野為移魏文，受詔立成。 武帝以其事體大，召尚書僕射徐勉、太子詹事周舍、鴻臚卿劉之遴、中書侍郎朱異集壽光殿以觀之，時並嘆服。 武帝目子野曰：「其形雖弱，其文甚壯。」 俄又敕為書喻魏相元叉。 其夜受旨，子野謂可待旦方奏，未之為也，及五鼓，敕催令速上。 子野徐起操筆，昧爽便就。 及奏，武帝深嘉焉。 自是諸符檄皆令具草。
When stepmother Lady Cao died he mourned beyond ritual; when mourning ended, again regular attendant. Putong 7 the great northern campaign; by edict Ziye composed the letter moving Wei; receiving command he finished at once. The emperor because the affair was great summoned Xu Mian, Zhou She, Liu Zhixun, and Zhu Yi to Shouguang Hall—all sighed and submitted. The emperor looked at Ziye: "His form though weak, his writing very strong." Soon again by edict a letter instructing Wei's chief minister Yuan Cha. That night receiving command, Ziye said it could wait until dawn; at fifth drum the edict urged speed. Ziye slowly rose, took up the brush; at daybreak it was done. On presenting, the emperor deeply praised it. From then all talismans and proclamations were fully drafted by him.
79
子野為文典而速，不尚靡麗，制多法古，與今文體異。 當時或有詆訶者，及其末，翕然重之。 或問其為文速者，子野答云：「人皆成於手，我獨成於心。」
Ziye's writing was canonical and swift, not ornate; style mostly followed ancients and differed from present writing. At the time some slandered him; by his end all valued him. Asked about swift writing, Ziye answered, "Others accomplish with the hand—I alone with the heart."
80
遷中書侍郎、鴻臚卿，領步兵校尉。 子野在禁省十餘年，默靜自守，未嘗有所請謁。 外家及中表貧乏，所得奉悉給之。 無宅，借官地二畝，起茅屋數間，妻子恒苦饑寒，唯以教誨為本，子侄祗畏，若奉嚴君。 劉顯常以師道推高之。 末年深信釋教，終身飯麥食蔬。 中大通二年卒。 先是，子野自占死期不過庚戌歲，是年自省移疾，謂同官劉之亨曰：「吾其逝矣。」 遺命務存儉約。 武帝悼惜，為之流涕。 贈散騎常侍，即日舉哀。 先是，五等君及侍中以上乃有諡，及子野特以令望見嘉，賜諡貞子。
He was secretariat gentleman and grand master of ceremonies, concurrently commandant of the footsoldiers. Ziye in forbidden offices more than ten years was silent and guarded, never requesting or visiting. Maternal kin and cousins were poor; all salary he gave them. No house, borrowed two mu official land, raised thatched rooms; wife and children suffered hunger and cold—only teaching was root; sons and nephews revered him as strict lord. Liu Xian always by teacher's way pushed him high. In later years he deeply believed Buddhism and all life ate wheat and vegetables. He died in Zhongtong 2. Earlier Ziye divined death would not pass gengxu year; that year he reported illness, telling Liu Zhiheng, "I am about to depart." Final orders insisted on frugality. The emperor mourned and wept for him. Posthumously supernumerary regular attendant; mourning raised that same day. Earlier fifth-rank lords and attendant-in-ordinary and above had posthumous titles; for Ziye specially for fine reputation granted posthumous title Lord Zhen.
81
子野少時集注喪服、續裴氏家傳各二卷，抄合後漢事四十餘卷。 又敕撰眾僧傳二十卷，百官九品二卷，附益諡法一卷，方國使圖一卷，文集二十卷：並行於世。 又欲撰齊梁春秋，始草創，未就而卒。 及葬，湘東王為之墓誌銘，陳于藏內。 邵陵王又立墓誌，堙於羨道。 羨道列志，自此始焉。 子騫，官至通直郎。 何承天，東海郯人也。 五歲喪父。 母徐廣姊也，聰明博學，故承天幼漸訓義。 宋武起義初，撫軍將軍劉毅鎮姑孰，板為行參軍。 毅嘗出行，而鄢陵縣吏陳滿射鳥，箭誤中直帥，雖不傷人，處法棄市。 承天議曰：「獄貴情斷，疑則從輕。 昔有驚漢文帝乘輿馬者，張釋之劾以犯蹕，罪止罰金。 何者？ 明其無心于驚馬也。 故不以乘輿之重，加於異制。 今滿意在射鳥，非有心于中人。 案律過誤傷人三歲刑，況不傷乎？ 微罰可也。」
In youth Ziye annotated Mourning Garments and continued the Pei Family Genealogy two scrolls each, copied Later Han affairs forty-plus scrolls. Again by edict Biographies of Many Monks twenty scrolls, Ranks of the Hundred Offices two scrolls, supplementary posthumous titles one scroll, Map of Frontier Envoys one scroll, collected works twenty scrolls—all circulated. Again he wished to compile Qi-Liang Spring and Autumn; first drafted but before completion died. At burial the Prince of Xiangdong composed the tomb inscription and displayed it in the storehouse. The Prince of Shaoling again set a tomb inscription and buried it in the spirit path. Spirit-path array of records—from this it began. His son Qian reached direct attendant. He Chengtian was from Tan in Donghai. At five he lost his father. His mother was Xu Guang's elder sister, intelligent and learned—Chengtian from youth received instruction in righteousness. At Liu Yu's righteous rising, Liu Yi garrisoned Gushu and appointed him traveling staff officer. Yi once went out; Yiling county clerk Chen Man shot birds; the arrow mistakenly hit the straight guard; though no harm, by law abandoned to the market. Chengtian debated: "In prison what is prized is judging by feeling; in doubt follow the lighter. Formerly one startled Emperor Wen of Han's carriage horse; Zhang Shizhi impeached for violating the progress—punishment stopped at fine. Why? It showed he had no heart to startle the horse. Therefore the imperial carriage's weight was not added with different measure. Now Man's intent was shooting birds—not heart to hit a person. By law accidental injury is three years—how much more when no injury? Light punishment suffices."
82
宋台建，為尚書祠部郎，與傅亮共撰朝儀。 謝晦鎮江陵，請為南蠻長史。 晦進號衛將軍，轉諮議參軍，領記室。
When the Song court was established he was senior clerk of rites and with Fu Liang compiled court ritual. Xie Hui garrisoned Jiangling and requested him as senior administrator of the southern barbarians. Hui advanced to general who guards the army and was transferred to staff adviser, recorder.
83
元嘉三年，晦將見討，間計於承天，曰：「大小既殊，逆順又異，境外求全，上計也。 以腹心領兵戍義陽，將軍率眾于夏口一戰。 若敗，即趨義陽，以出北境，此其次也。」 晦良久曰：「荊楚用武之國，且當決戰，走不晚也。」 及晦下，承天留府不從。 到彥之至馬頭，承天自詣歸罪，見宥。 後兼尚書左丞。
Yuanjia 3 Hui was about to be punished; he asked Chengtian: "Great and small differ, rebellious and compliant differ—seeking completeness outside the border is upper plan. With trusted men garrison Yiyang; the general leads troops in one battle at Xiakou. If defeated, hurry to Yiyang and exit the northern border—second." Hui long said, "Jing-Chu is a land of arms—decide battle; fleeing is not late." When Hui fell Chengtian remained at the prefecture and did not follow. When Dao Yanzhi reached Matou, Chengtian confessed guilt and was pardoned. Later additionally senior clerk of the interior on the left.
84
吳興余杭人薄道舉為劫，制同籍期親補兵。 道舉從弟代公、道生等並為劫大功親，非應在補謫之例。 法以代公等母存為期親，則子宜隨母補兵。 承天議曰：「尋劫制，同籍期親補兵，大功則不在此例。 婦人三從，既嫁從夫，夫死從子。 今道舉為劫，若其叔父尚存，制應補謫，妻子營居，固其宜也。 但為劫之時，叔父已歿，代公、道生並是從弟，大功之親，不合補謫。 今若以叔母為期親，令代公隨母補兵，既乖大功不謫之制，又失婦人三從之道。 由於主者守期親之文，不辨男女之異。 謂代公等母子並宜見原。」
Bo Daoju of Yuhang in Wuxing was a robber; regulation was same-register close-kin conscript soldiers. Daoju's younger cousins Daigong, Daosheng were robbers of great-merit kin—not fitting supplementary exile. Law because their mother lived made them close-kin—sons should follow mother to supplementary soldiers. Chengtian debated: "Robbery regulation: same-register close-kin supplementary soldiers—great merit not in this example. Women have three followings: married follow husband; husband dead follow son. Now Daoju was robber—if father's younger brother lived, supplementary exile should apply, wife and children maintaining residence—fitting. But at robbery father's younger brother had died; Daigong and Daosheng are younger cousins—great-merit kin, not fitting exile. If because the uncle's wife is close-kin one makes Daigong follow mother to soldiers—it violates great-merit non-exile and loses three followings. Responsible ones hold close-kin text and do not distinguish male and female. Daigong and others, mother and sons—all should be pardoned."
85
承天為性剛愎，不能屈意朝右，頗以所長侮同列，不為僕射殷景仁所平。 出為衡陽內史。 昔在西方與士人多不協，在郡又不公清，為州司所糾，被收系獄，會赦免。
Chengtian by nature was stern and obstinate, could not bend to superiors; he insulted colleagues by his specialties and Yin Jingren did not approve. He went out as internal administrator of Hengyang. Formerly in the west he was mostly not in harmony with scholars; in the commandery again not fair and clear, impeached by provincial inspector, imprisoned; amnesty spared him.
86
十六年，除著作佐郎，撰國史。 承天年已老，而諸佐郎並名家年少。 潁川荀伯子嘲之，常呼為奶母。 承天曰：「卿當云鳳凰將九子，奶母何言邪？」 尋轉太子率更令，著作如故。
In the sixteenth year he was assistant compiler and compiled national history. Chengtian was already old, yet all assistant compilers were famous-house youths. Xun Bozi mocked him and always called him wet-nurse. Chengtian said, "You ought to say the phoenix will have nine sons—what talk of wet-nurse?" Soon commandant of the heir's rate regulation, compiler as before.
87
時丹陽溧陽丁況等久喪而不棺葬，承天議曰：「禮雲'還葬'，當謂荒儉一時，故許其稱財而不求備。 丁況三家數年中葬輒無棺櫬，實由淺情薄恩同於禽獸者耳。 竊以丁寶等同伍積年，未嘗勸之以義，繩之以法。 十六年冬，既無新科，又未申明舊制，有何嚴切，欻然相糾。 或由鄰曲分爭，以興此言。 如聞在東諸處，此例既多，江西、淮北尤為不少。 若但謫此三人，殆無所肅，開其一端，則互相恐動。 臣愚謂況等三家，且可勿問，因此附定制旨：若人葬不如法，同伍當即糾言。 三年除服之後，不得追相告引。」
In Danyang Liyang Ding Kuang and others long mourned yet did not coffin; Chengtian debated: "Ritual 'return and bury' means wasteland frugality for a time, permitting according to resources. Ding Kuang's three households for years at burial had no coffin—shallow feeling and thin grace same as beasts. Ding Bao and others of the same ward for years never urged with righteousness or bound with law. Sixteenth year winter neither new statute nor old declared—what strictness, suddenly impeaching? Perhaps neighbors disputed and arose these words. In eastern places this example is many; Jiangxi and north of the Huai especially not few. If only these three are exiled, probably nothing awed; opening one end, mutually frightening. Kuang's three households for now can be not inquired; attach fixed regulation: if bury not according to law, same ward should impeach. After three years when mourning removed, no mutual citation."
88
十九年，立國子學，以本官領國子博士。 皇太子講孝經，承天與中庶子顏延之同為執經。 頃之，遷御史中丞。
Nineteenth year the National University was established; by original office he was director. The crown prince lectured on the Classic of Filial Piety; Chengtian with Yan Yanzhi held the classic. Soon censor-in-chief.
89
時魏軍南伐，文帝訪群臣捍禦之略。 承天上安邊論，凡陳四事：其一，移遠就近，以實內地； 其二，浚復城隍，以增阻防； 其三，纂偶車牛，以飾戎械； 其四，計丁課仗，勿使有闕。 文多不載。
Wei armies marched south; Emperor Wen consulted ministers on defense. Chengtian submitted Secure the Frontier Discourse, four matters: first, move distant near to fill inner lands; second, dredge walls and moats to increase barriers; third, gather paired oxen and carts to equip military gear; fourth, count households and levy weapons, let none lack. The text mostly is not recorded.
90
承天素好弈棋，頗用廢事。 又善彈箏。 文帝賜以局子及銀裝箏。 承天奉表陳謝，上答曰：「局子之賜，何必非張武之金邪。」
Chengtian loved go and quite neglected affairs. Again skilled at plucking the zheng. Emperor Wen granted go stones and a silver-mounted zheng. Chengtian submitted thanks; the emperor replied, "Go stones—how must it not be Zhang Wu's gold?"
91
承天博見古今，為一時所重。 張永嘗開玄武湖遇古塚，塚上得一銅鬥，有柄。 文帝以訪朝士。 承天曰：「此亡新威鬥。 王莽三公亡，皆賜之。 一在塚外，一在塚內。 時三台居江左者，唯甄邯為大司徒，必邯之墓。」 俄而永又啟塚內更得一斗，復有一石銘「大司徒甄邯之墓」。 時帝每有疑議，必先訪之，信命相望於道。 承天性褊促，嘗對主者厲聲曰：「天何言哉，四時行焉，百物生焉。」 文帝知之，應遣先戒曰：「善候何顏色，如其不悅，無須多陳。」
Chengtian broadly saw ancient and modern and was valued by the age. Zhang Yong once opened Xuanwu Lake and found an ancient tomb; on it a bronze ladle with handle. Emperor Wen consulted court gentlemen. Chengtian said, "This is doomed Xin's authority-ladle. When Wang Mang's three dukes died, all were granted them. One outside the tomb, one inside. Of the Three Excellencies in the east only Zhen Han was grand minister of works—it must be Han's tomb." Soon Yong reported another ladle inside, stone inscription 'Tomb of Grand Minister of Works Zhen Han.'" Whenever the emperor had doubts he consulted Chengtian first; letters of trust followed on the road. Chengtian was narrow and quick; once facing the responsible one he said fiercely, "Heaven what words? Four seasons move, hundred things are born." Emperor Wen knowing, when sending always warned first: "Observe He's countenance; if not pleased, speak little."
92
二十四年，承天遷廷尉，未拜，上欲以為吏部郎，已受密旨，承天宣漏之，坐免官。 卒於家，年七十八。
Twenty-fourth year Chengtian was transferred to minister of justice; before accepting the emperor wished him senior clerk of personnel; having received secret command, Chengtian leaked it and was dismissed. He died at home, age seventy-eight.
93
先是禮論有八百卷，承天刪減併合，以類相從，凡為三百卷，並前傳、雜語、所纂文及文集，並傳於世。 又改定元嘉曆，改漏刻用二十五箭，皆從之。 曾孫遜。
Earlier Ritual Discourse had eight hundred scrolls; Chengtian deleted and merged to three hundred, with commentary, miscellaneous words, writings and collected works—all circulated. Again he revised the Yuanjia calendar, clepsydra to twenty-five arrows—all followed. Great-grandson Xun.
94
遜字仲言，八歲能賦詩，弱冠，州舉秀才。 南鄉範雲見其對策，大相稱賞，因結忘年交。 謂所親曰：「頃觀文人，質則過儒，麗則傷俗，其能含清濁，中今古，見之何生矣。」 沈約嘗謂遜曰：「吾每讀卿詩，一日三復，猶不能已。」 其為名流所稱如此。
Xun, styled Zhongyan, at eight composed poetry; at weak adulthood the province recommended outstanding talent. Fan Yun of Nanxiang seeing his examination answer greatly praised him and formed a friendship disregarding age. He told intimates, "Writers recently, plain exceeds ru, ornate harms vulgar—he who holds clear and turbid, middle ancient and modern, is He Sheng." Shen Yue told Xun, "Each time I read your poetry, three times a day I still cannot stop." Such was famous praise.
95
梁天監中，兼尚書水部郎，南平王引為賓客，掌記室事，後薦之武帝，與吳均俱進幸。 後稍失意，帝曰：「吳均不均，何遜不遜。 未若吾有朱異，信則異矣。」 自是疏隔，希復得見。 卒于仁威廬陵王記室。
Liang Tianjian additionally senior clerk for waterways; Prince of Nanping led him as guest, controlled recorder affairs; later recommended to the emperor—with Wu Jun both advanced in favor. Later gradually displeased, the emperor said, "Wu Jun not even, He Xun not deferential. Better I have Zhu Yi—trust then differs. From then estranged, seldom seen. He died as recorder to the Prince of Luling, Renwei.
96
初，遜為南平王所知，深被恩禮，及聞遜卒，命迎其柩而殯藏焉，並餼其妻子。 東海王僧孺集其文為八卷。
Xun was known to the Prince of Nanping and deeply favored; hearing he died the prince ordered the coffin brought and stored and provided for wife and children. Wang Sengru collected his writings in eight scrolls.
97
初，遜文章與劉孝綽並見重，時謂之何、劉。 梁元帝著論論之云：「詩多而能者沈約，少而能者謝朓、何遜。」
Xun's writing and Liu Xiaochuo were both valued; the age called them He and Liu. Emperor Yuan of Liang in a treatise said, "Many in poetry and able is Shen Yue; few and able are Xie Tiao and He Xun."
98
遜從叔澗字彥夷，亦以才著聞，宦游不達，作拍張賦以喻意。 末云：「東方曼倩發憤於侏儒，遂與火頭食子稟賜不殊。」 位至台郎。
Xun's cousin Jian, styled Yanyi, also renowned by talent; office did not succeed and he composed "Pai Zhang Fu" to express intent. The end says, "Dongfang Manqian vented anger at dwarfs and with the fire-head eating child received grant without difference." Rank reached platform gentleman.
99
時有會稽虞騫工為五言，名與遜埒，官至王國侍郎。 後又有會稽孔翁歸、濟陽江避並為南平王大司馬府記室。 翁歸工為詩，避博學有思理，注論語、孝經。 二人並有文集。
Yu Qian of Kuaiji was skilled at five-character poetry, fame equal to Xun, rank kingdom attendant-in-ordinary. Later Kuaiji Kong Wengui and Jiyang Jiang Bi both were recorders to the Prince of Nanping, grand marshal. Wengui skilled at poetry; Bi broadly learned, annotating Analects and Classic of Filial Piety. Both had collected works.
100
論曰：夫令問令望，詩人所以作詠，有禮有法，前哲由斯播美。 觀夫范、荀二公，並以學業自著，而幹時之譽，本期俱不為弘。 雖才則有餘而望乃不足。 蔚宗藝用有過人之美，跡其行事，何利害之相傾。 徐廣動不違仁，義兼儒行。 鮮之時稱「格佞」，斯不佞矣。 松之雅道為貴，實光載德。 承天素訓所資，無慚舅氏，美矣乎。
Discourse says: Fine reputation and expectation—poets make praise; ritual and law—worthies spread beauty. Fan and Xun both by learning established themselves; yet reputation for serving the times—in origin both expected not great. Though talent had surplus, expectation was insufficient. Weizong's art surpassed others; tracing his deeds, how profit and harm leaned against each other. Xu Guang moved without violating benevolence, righteousness joining Confucian conduct. Xianzhi was called "blocking the sycophant"—this is not sycophancy. Songzhi's elegant way was prized—truly carrying virtue in light. Chengtian by plain instruction was endowed—no shame before his maternal uncle; beautiful indeed.