1
列傳第二十六
Biographies, Number Twenty-Six
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羊欣羊玄保沈演之江夷江秉之
Yang Xin · Yang Xuanbao · Shen Yanzhi · Jiang Yi · Jiang Bingzhi
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羊欣，字敬元，泰山南城人也。 曾祖忱，晋徐州刺史。 祖权，黄门郎。 父不疑，桂阳太守。
Yang Xin, whose courtesy name was Jingyuan, came from Nancheng in Mount Tai commandery. His great-grandfather Chen had served as Inspector of Xu Province under the Jin. His grandfather Quan held the post of Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. His father Buyi served as Administrator of Guiyang.
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欣少靖默，無競于人，美言笑，善容止。 泛覽經籍，尤長隸書。 父不疑為烏程令，欣年十二。 時王獻之為吳興太守，甚知愛之。 欣嘗夏月著新絹裙晝寢，獻之入縣見之，書裙數幅而去。 欣書本工，因此彌善。
Even as a youth Xin was serene and unobtrusive, never competing with others; his conversation was pleasing and his bearing elegant. He ranged broadly through the classics and excelled above all in clerical script calligraphy. His father Buyi was serving as magistrate of Wucheng when Xin was twelve years old. Wang Xianzhi was then Administrator of Wu Commandery and took a keen liking to the boy. One summer day Xin napped in a new silk skirt; Xianzhi came into the county hall, saw him asleep, wrote several lines of calligraphy on the skirt, and departed. Xin's hand was already accomplished; this incident pushed his skill still further.
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起家輔國參軍，府解還家。 隆安中，朝廷漸亂，欣優遊私門，不復進仕。 會稽王世子元顯每使書扇，常不奉命。 元顯怒，乃以為其後軍府舍人。 此職本用寒人，欣意貌恬然，不以高卑見色，論者稱焉。 嘗詣領軍謝混，混拂席改服然後見之。 時混族子靈運在坐，退告族兄瞻曰：「望蔡見羊欣，遂改席易衣。」 欣由此益知名。
He began his career as an aide in the Army That Supports the State; when that command was dissolved he went home. During the Long'an reign the court slid into disorder, and Xin withdrew into private life, refusing further office. Yuanxian, son of the Prince of Kuaiji, repeatedly ordered him to inscribe folding fans, and Xin routinely declined. Enraged, Yuanxian forced him into a clerkship in the Rear Army headquarters. The post was meant for men of humble birth, yet Xin's face stayed untroubled and he betrayed no resentment at the demotion; observers praised his composure. On one visit to Commander of the Central Army Xie Hun, Hun swept his mat and changed garments before admitting him. Xie Lingyun, a clansman of Hun's, was present; leaving, he told his elder kinsman Zhan, "The moment Wang Cai saw Yang Xin he rearranged his seat and changed his clothes. After that episode Xin's fame spread further.
6
桓玄輔政，以欣為平西主簿，參豫機要。 欣欲自疏，時漏密事。 玄覺其此意，愈更重之，以為楚台殿中郎。 謂曰：「尚書政事之本，殿中禮樂所出。 卿昔處股肱，方此為輕。」 欣就職少日，稱病自免，屏居裏巷十餘年。
When Huan Xuan directed the government, he appointed Xin chief clerk on the Pacifying West staff and brought him into confidential deliberations. Xin wanted to distance himself and occasionally let confidential matters slip. Xuan saw what he was doing and prized him still more highly, making him Palace Gentleman of the Chu Terrace. "The Secretariat is the root of state business," he told him, "and the Palace is where ritual and music originate. You once served at the ruler's right hand—this post is lighter by comparison. Xin held the post only a few days before pleading illness and resigning; he then lived in seclusion in his neighborhood for more than a decade.
7
義熙中，弟徽被知于武帝，帝謂諮議參軍鄭鮮之曰：「羊徽一時美器，世論猶在兄後。」 即板欣補右軍劉藩司馬。
During the Yixi reign his brother Hui caught Emperor Wu's eye; the emperor told Adviser Zheng Xianzhi, "Yang Hui is a treasure of our time, yet opinion still places him beneath his elder brother. The emperor at once issued a provisional order appointing Xin acting marshal on Right Army commander Liu Fan's staff.
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後為新安太守，在郡四年，簡惠著稱。 除臨川王義慶輔國長史，廬陵王義真車騎諮議參軍，並不就。 文帝重以為新安太守。 在郡十三年，樂其山水，嘗謂子弟曰：「人生仕宦至二千石，斯可矣。」 及是便懷止足。 轉義興太守，非其好也。 頃之，稱病篤免歸。 除中散大夫。
He later served as Administrator of Xin'an; in four years there he earned a reputation for simple, benevolent rule. He was offered chief aide to Prince of Linchuan Yiqing's Army That Supports the State and military adviser on Prince of Luling Yizhen's chariot-and-cavalry staff, but declined both. Emperor Wen once more made him Administrator of Xin'an. He spent thirteen years in the commandery, loving its landscape, and once told his sons and nephews, "In this life, reaching a two-thousand-bushel post is sufficient. From then on he felt he had reached enough. He was moved to Administrator of Yixing—a post he did not want. Soon he pleaded grave illness, resigned, and went home. He received appointment as Grand Master of Palace Leisure.
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素好黃、老，常手自書章。 有病不服藥，飲符水而已。 兼善醫術，撰藥方數十卷。 欣以不堪拜伏，辭不朝覲，自非尋省近親，不妄行詣。 行必由城外，未嘗入六門。 武帝、文帝並恨不識之。 元嘉十九年卒。
He had long favored Huang-Lao teachings and often copied talismanic texts in his own hand. When ill he refused medicine and drank only consecrated talisman water. He was also versed in medicine and compiled several dozen scrolls of medical formulas. Unable to endure bowing and prostration, he excused himself from court audiences and would not go out casually except to visit close kin nearby. Whenever he traveled he kept to roads outside the city walls and never passed through the six gates. Both Emperor Wu and Emperor Wen regretted that they had never met him in person. He died in the nineteenth year of the Yuanjia era.
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弟徽字敬猷，時譽多欣，位河東太守，卒。
His younger brother Hui, courtesy name Jingyou, outshone Xin in contemporary reputation; he rose to Administrator of Hedong and died in office.
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羊玄保，泰山南城人也。 祖楷，晉尚書都官郎。 父綏，中書侍郎。
Yang Xuanbao came from Nancheng in Mount Tai commandery. His grandfather Kai had been Director of the Ministry of Justice in the Jin Secretariat. His father Sui served as a Secretariat Gentleman.
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玄保初為宋武帝鎮軍參軍，少帝景平中，累遷司徒右長史。 府公王弘甚知重之，謂左長史庾登之、吏部尚書王准之曰：「卿二賢明美朗詣，會悟多通，然弘懿之望，故當共推羊也。」 頃之，入為黃門侍郎。
Xuanbao began as an aide on Emperor Wu of Song's Pacifying Army staff; under Emperor Shao, in the Jingping era, he rose by stages to Senior Aide of the Right in the Secretariat. Wang Hong, chief of the Secretariat, prized him highly and told Senior Aide of the Left Yu Dengzhi and Minister of Personnel Wang Zhunzhi, "You are both brilliant and broadly capable, yet when it comes to steady, deep virtue you should yield pride of place to Yang. Not long after he entered the capital as Gentleman at the Yellow Gate.
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善弈棋，品第三。 文帝亦好弈，與賭郡，玄保戲勝，以補宣城太守。 先是劉式之為宣城立吏人亡叛制，一人不禽，符伍裏吏送州作部； 能禽者賞位二階。 玄保以為非宜，陳之曰：「臣伏尋亡叛之由，皆出於窮逼。 今立殊制，於事為苦。 又尋此制施一邦而已，若其是邪，則應與天下為一； 若其非邪，亦不宜獨行一郡。」 由此制停。
He excelled at weiqi and was graded third in the official rankings of players. Emperor Wen also loved weiqi and once wagered commanderies on the board; Xuanbao won in sport and was appointed Administrator of Xuancheng. Earlier, as Administrator of Xuancheng, Liu Shizhi had imposed a clerk-liability rule for fugitives: if even one man escaped capture, every clerk in the ward was sent to provincial corvée; whoever captured a fugitive was rewarded with a two-rank promotion. Xuanbao judged the rule unsound and memorialized: "I have traced the causes of flight and find they stem from desperate poverty. To impose so harsh an exceptional rule only deepens the hardship of governance. Moreover this measure applies to one commandery alone; if it is right, it should bind the whole realm equally; if it is wrong, it should not be enforced in one commandery by itself. On this basis the system was abolished.
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曆丹陽尹，會稽太守，太常，吳郡太守。 文帝以玄保廉素寡欲，故頻授名郡。 為政雖無殊績，而去後常必見思。 不營財利，產業儉薄。 文帝嘗曰：「人仕宦非唯須才，亦須運命。 每有好官缺，我未嘗不先憶羊玄保。」 元凶弑立，以為吏部尚書，領國子祭酒。 及孝武入伐，朝士多南奔，劭集群僚，橫刀怒曰：「卿等便可去矣。」 眾並懼莫敢言。 玄保容色不異，徐曰：「臣其以死奉朝。」 劭為解。
He served successively as Prefect of Danyang, Administrator of Kuaiji, Grand Minister of Ceremonies, and Administrator of Wu Commandery. Because Xuanbao lived frugally and desired little, Emperor Wen repeatedly posted him to prestigious commanderies. His administration produced no spectacular feats, yet after each departure the people always missed him. He never pursued profit, and his household remained spare. Emperor Wen once remarked, "Office requires not only talent but also fortune. Whenever a fine post opened, I never failed to think first of Yang Xuanbao. When the assassin prince seized the throne, he appointed Xuanbao Minister of Personnel and concurrent Director of the Imperial University. When Emperor Xiaowu marched east to punish the usurper, many courtiers fled south; the usurper gathered his officials, bared his sword, and snarled, "You may all go now. Terror silenced the hall; no one dared reply. Xuanbao's face never changed; calmly he said, "I shall serve the dynasty with my life. The usurper softened and let the matter drop.
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孝武即位，為金紫光祿大夫，以謹敬見知。 大明五年，加散騎常侍、特進。 玄保自少至老，謹於祭奠，四時珍新未得祠薦者，口不妄嘗。 卒，諡曰定子。
After Emperor Xiaowu ascended, Xuanbao became Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Girdle, esteemed for his careful reverence. In the fifth year of Daming he received the additional titles of Regular Attendant and Special Grand Master. From youth to old age Xuanbao was meticulous in sacrifice; he would not casually taste seasonal delicacies until they had been offered at the ancestral rites. At his death he received the posthumous title Dingzi.
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子戎少有才氣，而輕薄少行檢，語好為雙聲。 江夏王義恭嘗設齋，使戎布床，須臾王出，以床狹，乃自開床。 戎曰：「官家恨狹，更廣八分，」王笑曰：「卿豈唯善雙聲，乃辯士也，」文帝好與玄保棋，嘗中使至，玄保曰：「今日上何召我邪？ 「戎曰：「金溝清泚，銅池搖揚，既佳光景，當得劇棋。」 玄保常嫌其輕脫，云：「此兒必亡我家」。 位通直郎，坐與王僧達謗時政賜死。 死後，孝武帝引見玄保，玄保謝曰：「臣無日磾之明，以此上負。」 上美其言。 戎二弟，文帝並賜名曰咸、曰粲，謂玄保曰：「欲令卿二子有林下正始餘風。」
His son Rong showed talent and spirit in youth but was frivolous and ill-disciplined, delighting in paired alliterative phrases when he spoke. Prince of Jiangxia Yigong once held a vegetarian feast and ordered Rong to lay out the couches; when the prince emerged he found them too narrow and spread them wider himself. Rong quipped, "The lord's seat resents narrowness—make it eight tenths wider." The prince laughed: "You are not only a master of paired sounds but a true debater." Emperor Wen loved playing weiqi with Xuanbao; once an imperial messenger arrived and Xuanbao asked, "Why has His Majesty summoned me today?" Rong answered, "The golden ditch runs clear, the bronze pool shimmers—such splendid scenery demands a fierce game." Xuanbao often deplored his son's levity and said, "This boy will destroy our house." He rose to Attendant of Direct Communication but was sentenced to death for slandering current affairs together with Wang Sengda. After Rong's execution Emperor Xiaowu received Xuanbao, who apologized: "I lack Ri Di's clear judgment and have failed you in this." The emperor admired his reply. Emperor Wen personally named Rong's two younger brothers Xian and Can, telling Xuanbao, "I want your two sons to preserve a trace of the reclusive Zhengshi spirit."
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玄保既善棋，而何尚之亦雅好其事。 吳郡褚胤年七歲便入高品，及長，冠絕當時。 胤父榮期與臧質同逆，胤應從誅。 何尚之固請曰：「胤弈棋之妙，超古冠今。 魏犨犯令，以材獲免，父戮子宥，其例甚多。 特乞與其微命，使異術不絕。」 不許，時人痛惜之。
Xuanbao excelled at weiqi, as did He Shangzhi. Chu Yin of Wu Commandery entered the upper player grade at seven, and in adulthood stood unmatched in his generation. Yin's father Rongqi joined Zang Zhi's rebellion, and Yin should have died by association. He Shangzhi petitioned urgently: "Yin's weiqi surpasses antiquity and crowns the present age. Wei Chou broke the law yet was spared for talent; many precedents spare sons when fathers are executed. I beg only that his life be spared so this singular art may not die. The plea was denied, and contemporaries mourned the loss.
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玄保兄子希字泰聞，少有才氣，為尚書左丞。 時揚州刺史西陽王子尚上言：「山湖之禁，雖有舊科，人俗相因，替而不奉，熂山封水，保為家利。 自頃以來，頹弛日甚，富強者兼嶺而占，貧弱者薪蘇無托，至漁采之地亦又如茲。 斯實害人之深弊，為政所宜去絕。 損益舊條，更申恒制。」 有司檢壬辰詔書：「占山護澤，強盜律論。 贓一丈以上皆棄市。」 希以「壬辰之制，其禁嚴刻，事既難遵，理與時弛。 而占山封水，漸染復滋，更相因仍，便成先業。 一朝頓去，易致嗟怨。 今更刊革，立制五條：凡是山澤先恒熂臑爐，養種竹木雜果為林艿，及陂湖江海魚梁鮆場，恒加功修作者，聽不追奪。 官品第一第二聽占山三頃； 第三第四品二頃五十畝； 第五第六品二頃； 第七第八品一頃五十畝； 第九品及百姓一頃：皆依定格，條上貲簿。 若先已占山，不得更占； 先占闕少，依限占足。 若非前條舊業，一不得禁。 有犯者，水土一尺以上，並計贓依常盜律論。 停除咸康二年壬辰之科。」 從之。
Xuanbao's nephew Xi, courtesy name Tairong, showed talent in youth and rose to Left Assistant Director in the Secretariat. Then Prince of Xiyang Zishang memorialized: "Statutes on mountains and lakes, though ancient, have fallen into neglect through custom; the powerful seal hills and waters for private gain. Lately the decay worsens daily: the wealthy seize whole ranges while the poor lack firewood; even fishing and foraging grounds suffer the same abuse. This is a grave injury to the people and what good governance must uproot. Revise the old statutes and restore a stable rule. The relevant offices reviewed the renchen edict of Xiankang year two: "Those who seize mountains and guard marshes are judged under the bandit statute. Any booty of one zhang or more brought execution and public display. Xi argued that "the renchen rule was harsh and impracticable, already out of step with the times; yet seizure of hills and waters grows worse through repeated practice and has hardened into custom. To abolish it all at once would provoke widespread resentment. He proposed five revised articles: hills and marshes under long-standing cultivation—burned clearings, bamboo and fruit groves, dykes, lakes, rivers, seas, fish weirs, and oyster beds under constant upkeep—would not be seized back. Officials of ranks one and two might occupy three qing of mountain land; ranks three and four, two qing and fifty mu; ranks five and six were allotted two qing; ranks seven and eight, one qing and fifty mu; rank nine and commoners, one qing—all by fixed quota, recorded on the property register. Those who already held mountain land could not add new claims; if prior holdings fell short, they might fill to the quota. Holdings outside these prior categories could not be seized. Violators, for encroachments of one chi or more on water or land, would have booty calculated and be judged under ordinary theft law. The Xiankang year-two renchen regulation would be abolished. The throne approved.
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時益州刺史劉瑀先為右衛將軍，與府司馬何季穆共事不平，季穆為尚書令建平王宏所親待，屢毀瑀於宏。 會瑀出為益州，奪士人妻為妾，宏使希舉察之，瑀坐免官。 瑀恨希切齒，有門生謝元伯往來希間，瑀密令訪訊被免之由，希曰：「此奏非我意。」 瑀即日到宏門奉箋陳謝，云：「聞之羊希。」 希坐漏泄免官。
At that time Liu Yu of Yi Province had earlier served as General of the Right Guard and clashed with headquarters marshal He Jimu; Jimu enjoyed Prince of Jianping Hong's favor as Minister of Personnel, and Hong heard repeated slanders against Yu. When Yu went out as Inspector of Yi Province and seized a scholar's wife as concubine, Hong had Xi investigate and Yu was dismissed. Yu hated Xi bitterly; his disciple Xie Yuanbo frequented Xi's circle, and Yu secretly asked why he had been dismissed; Xi said, "That memorial was not my intent. That same day Yu went to Hong's gate with a written apology, saying, "I heard this from Yang Xi." Xi was dismissed for leaking confidential matters.
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泰始三年，為甯朔將軍、廣州刺史。 四年，希以沛郡劉思道行晉康太守，領軍伐俚。 思道違節失利，希遣收之。 思道不受命，率所領襲州，希踰城走，思道獲而殺之。
In Taishi year three he was made General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Guang Province. In the fourth year Xi had Liu Sidao of Pei Commandery serve as acting Administrator of Jinkang and lead troops against the Li tribes. Sidao broke orders and failed; Xi sent men to take him. Sidao refused, led his troops in a surprise attack on the provincial seat, Xi fled over the wall, and Sidao captured and killed him.
21
希子崇字伯遠，尚書主客郎，丁母憂，哀毀過禮。 及聞廣州亂，即日便徒跣出新亭，不能步涉，頓伏江渚。 門義以小船致之，父葬畢，乃不勝哀而卒。
Xi's son Chong, courtesy name Boyuan, was Director of Receptions in the Secretariat; mourning his mother, he exceeded ritual in grief. Hearing of the turmoil in Guang Province, he went barefoot that same day from Xinting; unable to ford the water, he collapsed on the riverbank. A household retainer brought him in by small boat; after his father's burial he died of grief.
22
沈演之字台真，吳興武康人也。 高祖充，晉車騎將軍、吳國內史。 曾祖勁，冠軍陳佑長史，戍金墉，為燕將慕容恪所陷，不屈見殺，贈東陽太守。 祖赤黔，廷尉卿。 父叔任，少有幹質，朱齡石伐蜀，為齡石建威府司馬。 平蜀之功，亞于元帥，以功封寧新縣男。 後拜益州刺史，卒。
Shen Yanzhi, courtesy name Taizhen, came from Wukang in Wu Commandery. His great-grandfather Chong had been Jin General of Chariots and Cavalry and Interior Minister of Wu. His grandfather Jin served as long-time aide to Champion General Chen You, garrisoned Jinyong, was captured by Yan general Murong Ke, refused submission and was killed, and was posthumously made Administrator of Dongyang. His grandfather Chiqian served as Director of the Court of Justice. His father Shuren showed capacity and substance in youth; when Zhu Lingshi campaigned against Shu he served as acting marshal on Lingshi's Army That Establishes Might staff. In the Shu campaign his merit ranked second only to the commander-in-chief, and he was enfeoffed Baron of Ningxin County. He later became Inspector of Yi Province and died in office.
23
演之年十一，尚書僕射劉柳見而知之，曰：「此童終為令器。」 沈氏家世為將，而演之折節好學，讀老子百遍，以義理業尚知名。 襲父別爵吉陽縣五等侯。 舉秀才，為嘉興令，有能名。
When Yanzhi was eleven, Vice Director Liu Liu saw him and declared, "This boy will become a fine vessel. The Shen clan had been soldiers for generations, yet Yanzhi restrained himself and loved learning; he read the Laozi a hundred times and won renown for moral principle. He inherited his father's separate enfeoffment as fifth-rank Marquis of Jiyang County. Recommended as Outstanding Talent, he became Magistrate of Jiaxing and earned a reputation for competence.
24
元嘉中，累遷尚書吏部郎。 先是劉湛、劉斌等結黨，欲排廢尚書僕射殷景仁。 演之雅仗正義，與景仁素善，盡心朝廷。 文帝甚嘉之。 及彭城王義康出蕃，誅劉湛等，以演之為右衛將軍。 景仁尋卒，乃以後軍長史范曄為左衛將軍，與演之對掌禁旅，同參機密。 尋加侍中，文帝謂之曰：「侍中領衛，望實優顯，此蓋宰相便坐，卿其勉之。」
In the Yuanjia era he rose step by step to Director of Personnel in the Secretariat. Earlier Liu Zhan, Liu Bin, and others had formed a faction aiming to drive out Vice Director Yin Jingren. Yanzhi always stood on righteousness, was close to Jingren, and gave the court his full loyalty. Emperor Wen praised him highly. When Prince of Pengcheng Yikang went to his fief and Liu Zhan and others were executed, Yanzhi became General of the Right Guard. When Jingren soon died, Rear Army Chief Aide Fan Ye became General of the Left Guard; he and Yanzhi jointly commanded the palace guard and shared confidential affairs. Soon he received the additional title Palace Attendant; Emperor Wen told him, "Palace Attendant commanding the guard—honor and substance both excel; this is virtually the premier's seat beside the throne. Apply yourself."
25
上欲伐林邑，朝臣多不同； 唯廣州刺史陸徽與演之贊成上意。 及林邑平，賜群臣黃金生口銅器等物，演之所得偏多。 上謂曰：「廟堂之謀，卿參其力，平此遠夷，未足多建茅土。 俟廓清舊都，鳴鸞東岱，不憂河山之不開也。」
The emperor wished to attack Lin-yi; most court officials opposed the plan; only Inspector of Guang Province Lu Hui and Yanzhi supported it. When Lin-yi fell the emperor bestowed gold, captives, bronze vessels, and other goods on the officials; Yanzhi received an unusually large share. The emperor told him, "You shared in the court's planning; pacifying this distant land is not enough to raise you to a great fief. Wait until the old capital is cleared and the imperial carriage sounds at Mount Tai—then the realm's mountains and rivers will open to you."
26
二十一年，詔以演之為中領軍。 太子詹事范曄懷逆謀，演之覺其有異，言之文帝，曄尋伏誅。 歷位吏部尚書，領太子右衛率。 素有心氣，寢病歷年。 上使臥疾理事。 性好舉才，申濟屈滯，而謙約自持，上賜女伎，不受。 暴卒。 文帝痛惜，贈金紫光祿大夫，諡曰貞。
In year twenty-one an edict appointed Yanzhi General Who Guards the Army. Crown Prince Tutor Fan Ye harbored treason; Yanzhi detected his strangeness, reported it to Emperor Wen, and Ye was soon executed. He rose to Minister of Personnel and concurrent Commander of the Crown Prince's Right Guard. He had long suffered heart qi disorder and lay ill for years. The emperor had him conduct business from his sickbed. By nature he loved promoting talent and relieving the blocked and stagnant, yet remained modest; the emperor bestowed female performers and he refused them. He died suddenly. Emperor Wen grieved deeply and posthumously made him Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Girdle with the posthumous title Zhen.
27
子睦，位黃門侍郎，與弟西陽王文學勃忿鬩，坐徙始興郡。 勃輕薄好利，位太子右衛率，加給事中，坐贓賄徙梁州。 後還，結事阮佃夫、王道隆等，位司徒左長史，為後廢帝所誅。 演之兄子坦之，仕齊位都官郎。 坦之子顗。
His son Mu rose to Gentleman at the Yellow Gate; quarreling with his younger brother Bo, Literary Scholar to Prince of Xiyang, he was banished to Shixing Commandery. Bo was frivolous and greedy; he rose to Commander of the Crown Prince's Right Guard with the additional title Chief Drafting Officer, then was banished to Liang Province for bribery. Later he returned, attached himself to Ruan Tianfu and Wang Daolong, rose to Senior Aide of the Left in the Secretariat, and was executed by the deposed emperor. Yanzhi's nephew Tanzhi served Qi and rose to Director of the Ministry of Justice. Tanzhi's son was Yi.
28
顗字處默，幼清靜有至行，慕黃叔度、徐孺子之為人，讀書不為章句，著述不尚浮華。 常獨處一室，人罕見其面。 從叔勃貴顯，每還吳興，賓客填咽，顗不至其門。 勃就之，顗送迎不越閫。 勃歎曰：「吾乃今知貴不如賤也。」
Yi, courtesy name Chumo, was quiet from youth and of utmost integrity; he admired Huang Shudu and Xu Ruzi, read without parsing clauses, and wrote without chasing ornament. He often kept to a single room alone, and few ever saw his face. When his uncle Bo rose high and returned to Wu Commandery, guests choked the courtyard, yet Yi never appeared at his gate. Bo went to visit him; Yi received and saw him off without crossing the threshold. Bo sighed and said, "Only now do I see that eminence is not as good as obscurity."
29
顗內行甚修，事母兄孝友。 兄昂一名顒，亦退素，以家貧仕為始安令。 兄弟不能分離，相隨之任。
Yi's private conduct was deeply cultivated; he served mother and elder brother with filial piety and brotherly devotion. His elder brother Ang, also called Yong, was likewise retiring; poor as the family was, he took office as Magistrate of Shi'an. The brothers could not bear separation and followed each other to the post.
30
梁天監四年，大舉北侵，南陽樂藏為武康令，以顗從役到建鄴，揚州別駕陸任以書與吳興太守柳惲，責之不能甄善別賢。 惲大慚，即表停之。 卒家，所著文章數十篇。
In the fourth year of Tianjian, during a great northern campaign, Yue Zang of Nanyang was Magistrate of Wukang; Yi was conscripted and reached Jiankang; Yang Province Assistant Prefect Lu Ren wrote Administrator Liu Yun blaming him for failing to distinguish worth from unworth. Yun was deeply ashamed and immediately memorialized to halt the conscription. He died at home, leaving several dozen written pieces.
31
憲字彥璋，演之從祖弟子也。 祖說道，巴西、梓潼二郡太守。 父璞之，北中郎行參軍。
Xian, courtesy name Yanzhang, was a younger clansman of Yanzhi's grandfather. His grandfather Shuodao had been Administrator of Baxi and Zitong. His father Puzhi served as Acting Adjutant to the General of the North.
32
憲少有幹局，為駕部郎。 宋明帝與憲棋，謂曰：「卿廣州刺史材也。」 補烏程令，甚著政績，太守褚彥回歎美，以為方圓可施。 少府管掌煩冗，材幹者並更其職，憲以吏能，累遷少府卿。 武陵王曄為會稽，以憲為左軍司馬。 齊高帝以山陰戶眾，欲分為兩縣。 武帝啟曰：「縣豈不可禦，但用不得人耳。」 乃以憲帶山陰令，政聲大著。 孔珪請假東歸，謂人曰：「沈令料事特有天才。」
Xian showed capacity and judgment in youth and became Director of the Imperial Stud. Emperor Ming of Song played weiqi with Xian and told him, "You have the makings of a Guang Province inspector. Appointed Magistrate of Wucheng, he achieved notable governance; Administrator Chu Yanhui praised him as fit for both strict rule and flexible judgment. The Palace Storehouse managed tangled duties; capable men rotated through its posts, and Xian rose by clerical ability to Director of the Palace Storehouse. Prince of Wuling Ye held Kuaiji and made Xian acting marshal of the Left Army. Emperor Gao of Qi, because Shanyin had a large population, wished to split it into two counties. Emperor Wu memorialized: "A county can certainly be governed—it is only that the wrong man is used. He then had Xian concurrently serve as Magistrate of Shanyin, and Xian's reputation for governance soared. Kong Gui asked leave to return east and remarked to others, "Magistrate Shen has a rare genius for affairs."
33
後為晉安王后軍長史、廣陵太守。 西陽王子明代為南兗州，憲仍留為冠軍長史，太守如故。 永明八年，子明典簽劉道濟贓私百萬，為有司所奏，賜死。 憲坐不糾，免官。 後除散騎常侍，未拜，卒。 當時稱為良吏。
He later served as Chief Aide to Prince of Jin'an's Rear Army and as Administrator of Guangling. When Prince of Xiyang Ziming replaced him in Southern Yan Province, Xian remained Chief Aide to the Champion and kept his post as Administrator. In the eighth year of Yongming, Ziming's registrar Liu Daoji embezzled a million cash; the relevant offices reported him and he was sentenced to death. Xian lost his post for failing to investigate. Later he was named Regular Attendant but died before he could take up the post. Contemporaries called him a good official.
34
憲同郡丘仲起先是為晉平郡，清廉自立。 褚彥回歎曰：「目見可欲，心能不亂，此楊公所以遺子孫也。」 仲起字子震，位至廷尉，卒。
Qiu Zhongqi of Xian's commandery had earlier served as Administrator of Jinping and stood upright in integrity. Chu Yanhui sighed and said, "To see what is desirable yet keep the heart unconfused—this is why Yang Gong left such an example to his descendants. Zhongqi, courtesy name Zizhen, rose to Director of the Court of Justice and died.
35
憲孫浚字叔源，少涉學有才幹，仕梁曆山陰、吳、建康三縣，並有能名。
Xian's grandson Jun, courtesy name Shuyuan, studied broadly from youth and had talent; serving Liang he held Shanyin, Wu, and Jiankang counties in succession and won reputations for ability.
36
太清二年，累遷御史中丞。 時台城為侯景所圍，外援並至，景表請和，求解圍還江北。 詔許之。 遣右衛將軍柳津對景盟歃。 景知城內疾疫，稍無守備，因緩去期。 城內知其背盟，復舉烽鼓噪。 後數日，景復進表請和，簡文使浚往景所。 景曰：「即日向熱，非復行時，政欲立效求停，君可見為申聞。」 浚曰：「大將軍此意，意在得城。 下風所聞，久已乏食，城內雖困，尚有兵糧。 朝廷恐和好乖貳，已密敕外軍：若台城傾覆，勿以二宮為念，當以死雪恥。 若不能決戰，當深壁自守。 大將軍十萬之眾，將欲何資？」 景橫刀於膝，瞋目叱之。 浚乃正色責景曰：「河南王人臣，而舉兵向闕。 今朝廷已赦王罪結盟，口血未乾，而復翻背。 沈浚六十之年，且天子使也，奉命而行，何用見脅。」 徑去不顧。 景歎曰：「是真司直也。」 然密銜之。 又勸張嵊立義，後得殺之。
In the second year of Taiqing he rose step by step to Censor-in-Chief. At that time Terrace City was besieged by Hou Jing; outside relief arrived; Jing petitioned for peace, asking to lift the siege and return north of the river. An edict granted the request. General of the Right Guard Liu Jin was dispatched to exchange oaths with Jing. Jing knew pestilence raged inside the city and defenses were slackening, and slowly extended the deadline for withdrawal. Inside the city, learning he had broken the oath, they again raised beacon fires and clamor. Several days later Jing again petitioned for peace, and Emperor Jianwen sent Jun to Jing's camp. Jing said, "The days are turning hot—not a season for marching; I only wish to establish merit and seek a halt. Report this for me. Jun replied, "The Grand General's intent is to take the city. Word below says your food is long exhausted; though the city is hard pressed, it still holds troops and grain. The court, fearing treachery in the peace, has secretly ordered outside armies: if Terrace City falls, do not regard the two palaces—die to wipe away shame. If you cannot fight to a decision, then deepen your walls and hold firm. With a hundred thousand men, on what will the Grand General rely? Jing set a sword across his knees and glared and shouted at him." Jun then sternly rebuked Jing: "Prince of Henan is a subject who raised troops against the capital. The court has pardoned your crime and sworn alliance; the oath blood is not yet dry, yet you turn and betray it. Shen Jun is sixty and an envoy of the Son of Heaven; I carry orders and go—what use is intimidation? He turned and left without a backward glance." Jing sighed and said, "Here is a true upright censor. Yet in secret he nursed a grudge." He also urged Zhang Song to raise a righteous force, and later had Jun killed.
37
江夷字茂遠，濟陽考城人也。 祖霦，晉護軍將軍。 父敳，驃騎諮議參軍。
Jiang Yi, courtesy name Maoyuan, came from Kaocheng in Jiyang commandery. His grandfather Lin had been Jin General Who Protects the Army. His father Xiao served as Military Adviser to the Rapid Cavalry.
38
夷少自藻厲，為後進之美。 宋武帝板為鎮軍行參軍，豫討桓玄功，封南郡州陵縣五等侯。 累遷大司馬，武帝命大司馬府、琅邪國事，一以委焉。
From youth Yi cultivated himself and stood as a model among the younger generation. Emperor Wu provisionally appointed him Acting Adjutant to the Pacifying Army; for merit suppressing Huan Xuan he was enfeoffed fifth-rank Marquis of Zhouling County in Nan Commandery. He rose step by step to Grand Marshal; Emperor Wu entrusted all affairs of the Grand Marshal's office and the Principality of Langye to him.
39
武帝受命，歷位吏部尚書，吳郡太守。 營陽王于吳縣見害，夷臨哭盡禮。 以兄疾去官，後為右僕射。 夷美風儀，善舉止，歷任以和簡著稱。 出為湘州刺史，加散騎常侍，未之職，卒。 遺令薄斂，蔬奠務存儉約。 子湛。 湛字徽深，居喪以孝聞。 愛文義，善彈棋鼓琴，兼明算術。 為彭城王義康司徒主簿、之盛，人競求自昵，唯湛自疏，固求外出，乃以為武陵內史。 隨王誕為北中郎將、南徐州刺史，以湛為長史、南東海太守，委以政事。
When Emperor Wu received the mandate he served successively as Minister of Personnel and Administrator of Wu Commandery. When Prince of Yingyang was killed at Wu County, Yi went to mourn and performed every rite. He left office because of his elder brother's illness; later he became Vice Director of the Secretariat. Yi had fine bearing and graceful conduct; in successive posts he was known for harmony and simplicity. He was appointed Inspector of Xiang Province with the additional title Regular Attendant but died before taking up the post. His final instructions called for a plain burial and strictly frugal vegetable offerings. His son was Zhan. Zhan, courtesy name Huishen, was known for filial piety in mourning. He loved literature and righteousness, excelled at chess and the zither, and was versed in calculation. When Prince of Pengcheng Yikang stood at the height of power, men competed to seek his favor; only Zhan kept his distance and firmly sought an outside post, and was made Interior Administrator of Wuling. When Prince of Sui Wang Dan became General of the North and Inspector of Southern Xu Province, he made Zhan Chief Aide and Administrator of Eastern Donghai and entrusted him with government.
40
元嘉二十五年，徵為侍中，任以機密。 遷左衛將軍。 時改選學職，以太尉江夏王義恭領國子祭酒，湛領博士。
In Yuanjia year twenty-five he was summoned as Palace Attendant and entrusted with confidential affairs. He was moved to General of the Left Guard. At that time academic posts were reformed; Grand Commandant Prince of Jiangxia Yigong became concurrent Director of the Imperial University, and Zhan concurrent Erudite.
41
轉吏部尚書。 家甚貧，不營財利，餉饋盈門，一無所受。 無兼衣餘食，嘗為上所召，遇澣衣，稱疾經日，衣成然後起。 牛餓，御人求草，湛良久曰：「可與飲。」 在選職頗有刻核之譏，而公平無私，不受請謁，論者以此稱焉。
He was moved to Minister of Personnel. His household was very poor; he pursued no wealth, and though gifts filled his gate he accepted none. He had no spare clothes or food; once summoned by the emperor while washing clothes, he pleaded illness for a whole day and only rose when the clothes were finished. The ox was hungry and the driver sought fodder; after a long pause Zhan said, "It may drink. In the selection office he drew some criticism for severity, yet he was fair, accepted no private petitions, and commentators praised him for it.
42
初，上大舉北侵，舉朝謂為不可，唯湛贊成之。 及魏太武至瓜步，以湛兼領軍，軍事處分，一以委焉。 魏遣使求昏，上召太子劭以下集議。 眾並謂宜許，湛謂許之無益。 劭怒謂湛曰：「今三王在阨，詎宜苟執異議。」 聲色甚厲。 坐散俱出，劭使班劍及左右推排之，殆於傾倒。 劭後宴集，未嘗命湛，上乃為劭長子偉之娉湛第三女，欲以和之。 上將廢劭，使湛具詔草。 劭之入弑，湛直上省，聞叫乃匿傍小屋。 劭遣求之，舍吏紿云：「不在此」。 兵即殺舍吏，乃得見湛。 湛據窗受害，意色不橈。 五子恁、恕、憼、愻、法壽皆見殺。 初，湛家數見怪異，未敗少日，所眠床忽有數斗血。 孝武即位，追贈左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司，諡曰忠簡公。 恁位著作佐郎。 恁子斅。
When the emperor first launched a great northern campaign, the whole court said it could not be done; only Zhan supported it. When Wei Emperor Taiwu reached Guabu, Zhan was given concurrent command of the army and all military disposition was entrusted to him. Wei sent envoys seeking marriage; the emperor summoned Crown Prince Shao and the court below to deliberate. All said agreement should be granted; Zhan said it would bring no benefit. Shao angrily told Zhan, "The three princes are in peril—how can you stubbornly hold a different view? His voice and tone were fiercely harsh." When the assembly dispersed, Shao sent armed guards and attendants to push and shove him, nearly overturning him. Later at banquets Shao never summoned Zhan; the emperor then arranged for Shao's eldest son Weizhi to marry Zhan's third daughter, hoping to reconcile them. When the emperor was about to depose Shao, he had Zhan draft the edict text. When Shao entered to assassinate, Zhan went straight to the Secretariat; at the outcry he hid in a small room nearby. Shao sent men to find him; the office clerk lied, "He is not here." The soldiers immediately killed the office clerk, and only then found Zhan. Zhan leaned on the window and received the blow; his expression never changed. His five sons Ren, Shu, Cong, Xun, and Fashou were all put to death. Earlier strange omens had repeatedly appeared in Zhan's house; not many days before the disaster, several pecks of blood suddenly appeared on the bed where he slept. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne he was posthumously made Left Grand Master of the Golden Seal, Grand Master with the Golden Seal and Purple Girdle with Three Excellencies ceremonial, posthumous title Loyal and Simple Duke. Ren rose to Assistant Editor in the Secretariat. Ren's son was Jiao.
43
斅字叔文，母宋文帝女淮陽長公主。 幼以戚屬召見，孝武謂謝莊曰：「此小兒方當為名器。」 少有美譽，尚孝武女臨汝公主，拜駙馬都尉，為丹陽丞。 時袁粲為尹，見斅歎曰：「風流不墜，政在江郎。」 數與宴賞，留連日夜。
Jiao, courtesy name Shuwen, was son of Princess Huaiyang, daughter of Emperor Wen of Song. Summoned young as an imperial kinsman, Emperor Xiaowu told Xie Zhuang, "This boy will become a famous vessel. He had a fine reputation from youth, married Emperor Xiaowu's daughter Princess Linru, became Commandant Consort, and served as Assistant Prefect of Danyang. Yuan Can was then Prefect; seeing Jiao he sighed and said, "Elegance has not fallen—the credit belongs to Master Jiang. He often feasted and rewarded him, keeping him for days and nights on end."
44
遷中書郎。 斅庶祖母王氏老疾，斅視膳嘗藥，七十餘日不解衣。 及累居內官，每以侍養陳請，朝廷優其朝直。 初，湛娶褚秀之女，大義不終。 褚彥回為衛軍，重斅為人，先通意，引為長史。 隨府轉司空長史，領臨淮太守。 轉齊高帝太尉從事中郎。 齊台建，為吏部郎。 高帝即位，斅以祖母久疾，啟求自解。 初，宋明帝敕斅出繼其叔愻為從祖淳後，於是僕射王儉啟：「禮無後小宗之文，近代緣情，皆由父祖之命，未有既孤之後，出繼宗族也。 雖復臣子一揆，而義非天屬。 江忠簡胤嗣所寄，唯斅一人，傍無期屬，斅宜還本。 若不欲江愻絕後，可以斅小兒繼愻為孫。」 尚書參議，謂「間世立後，禮無其文。 荀顗無子立孫，墜禮之始。 何琦又立此論，義無所據」。 於是斅還本家，詔使自量立後者。
He was promoted to Secretariat Gentleman. Jiao's step-grandmother Lady Wang was old and ill; Jiao attended her meals and tasted her medicine for more than seventy days without removing his clothes. Each time he held an inner post he petitioned to stay and serve her; the court eased his attendance at court. At first Zhan had married the daughter of Chu Xiu, but the marriage was never completed. Chu Yanhui was General Who Guards the Army and valued Jiao; he first expressed his intent and made Jiao his Chief Aide. Following the headquarters he became Chief Aide of the Minister of Works and concurrent Administrator of Linhuai. He was transferred to Attendant of Affairs under Emperor Gao of Qi's Grand Commandant. When the Qi regime was established he was made Director of Personnel. When Emperor Gao took the throne, Jiao—his grandmother's illness being long—memorialized asking to resign. Earlier Emperor Ming of Song had ordered Jiao to succeed his uncle Xun as heir to distant clansman Chun; then Vice Director Wang Jian memorialized: "Rites provide no text for adopting an heir in a lesser lineage; in recent times, moved by affection, all follow a father or grandfather's command—there is no precedent for leaving one's own lineage after becoming orphaned and entering another clan. Though minister and son share one measure, the bond is not kin by Heaven. The loyal and simple Jiang line rested on Jiao alone; with no close collateral kin, Jiao should return to his original house. If one did not wish Jiang Xun's line to end, Jiao's young son might succeed Xun as grandson. The Secretariat deliberated: "Establishing an heir across generations has no text in rites. When Xun Yi, having no son, established a grandson, it marked the beginning of falling from rite. He Qi again advanced this theory; in principle it had no basis." Jiao then returned to his original house; an edict had him choose an heir for himself.
45
出為豫章內史，還除太子中庶子，未拜，門客通贓利，武帝遣信檢覆，斅藏此客而躬自引咎。 上甚有怪色，王儉從容啟上曰：「江斅若能臨郡，此便是具美耳。」 上意乃釋。
He went out as Interior Administrator of Yuzhang; on return he was appointed Crown Prince Household Supervisor but did not accept; a client trafficked in illicit profit, and Emperor Wu sent envoys to investigate—Jiao hid the client and took the blame himself. The emperor looked very displeased; Wang Jian calmly memorialized, "If Jiang Jiao can govern a commandery, that in itself is full merit. The emperor's anger then subsided."
46
永明中，為竟陵王司馬。 斅好文辭，圍棋第五品，為朝貴中最。 遷侍中，曆五兵尚書，東海、吳二郡太守，復為侍中，轉都官尚書，領驍騎將軍。 王晏啟武帝曰：「江斅今重登禮閣，兼掌六軍，慈渥所覃，實有優忝； 但語其事任，殆同閑輩。 天旨既欲升其名位，愚謂以侍中領驍騎，望實清顯，有殊納言。」 上曰：「斅常啟吾，為其鼻中惡。 今既以何胤、王瑩還門下，故有此回換耳。」
During Yongming he served as Marshal to Prince of Jingling. Jiao loved literary composition; in weiqi he ranked fifth grade and stood highest among court nobles. He became Palace Attendant, successively Minister of the Five Armies, Administrator of Donghai and Wu, again Palace Attendant, then Minister of Justice, and concurrent General of the Valiant Cavalry. Wang Yan memorialized Emperor Wu: "Jiang Jiao now again ascends the Ritual Pavilion and concurrently commands the Six Armies; the favor shown him is indeed generous and excessive; yet judged by the substance of his duties he was nearly the same as idle company. Since Heaven's intent wishes to raise his name and rank, I think Palace Attendant concurrently commanding the Valiant Cavalry—honor and substance both clear and eminent—is quite different from Drafting Officer. The emperor replied, "Jiao often told me it was because of the ailment in his nose. Now that He Yin; Wang Ying have returned to the Gatehouse, this rotation became made for that reason alone."
47
先是中書舍人紀僧真幸于武帝，稍曆軍校，容表有士風。 謂帝曰：「臣小人，出自本縣武吏，邀逢聖時，階榮至此。 為兒昏，得荀昭光女，即時無復所須，唯就陛下乞作士大夫。」 帝曰：「由江斅、謝淪，我不得措此意，可自詣之。」 僧真承旨詣斅，登榻坐定，斅便命左右曰：「移吾床讓客。」 僧真喪氣而退，告武帝曰：「士大夫故非天子所命。」 時人重斅風格，不為權幸降意。
Earlier Palace Secretariat Attendant Ji Sengzhen had enjoyed Emperor Wu's favor; he rose gradually through military posts and in bearing showed the air of a gentleman. He told the emperor, "I am a small man, born from a military clerk of my native county; meeting the sage age, step by step I reached this rank. For my son's marriage I obtained the daughter of Xun Zhaoguang; now I want for nothing—only from Your Majesty I beg to be counted a gentleman. The emperor said, "Because of Jiang Jiao and Xie Lun I could not arrange this—you may go to them yourself." Sengzhen accepted the order and went to Jiao; once seated on the couch, Jiao at once ordered attendants, "Move my couch and yield the seat to the guest." Sengzhen lost heart and withdrew, telling Emperor Wu, "Gentlemen are truly not what the Son of Heaven commands." Contemporaries valued Jiao's bearing and would not lower themselves before the powerful and favored."
48
隆昌元年，為侍中，領國子祭酒。 郁林廢，朝臣皆被召入宮。 斅至雲龍門，方知廢立，托散動，醉吐車中而去。
In Longchang year one he became Palace Attendant and concurrent Director of the Imperial University. When Prince of Yulin was deposed, every court official was summoned into the palace. Jiao reached Cloud Dragon Gate and only then learned of the deposition; he feigned loose bowels, got drunk, vomited in the carriage, and left.
49
蒨字彥標，幼聰警，讀書過口便誦。 選為國子生，舉高第，起家秘書郎，累遷廬陵王主簿。 居父憂以孝聞，廬於墓側，明帝敕遣齋仗二十人防之墓所。 服闋，累遷建安內史。 梁武帝起兵，遣甯朔將軍劉諓之為郡，蒨拒之。 及建鄴平，蒨坐禁錮，俄被原。
Qian, courtesy name Yanbiao, was clever and alert from youth; what he read he recited after one pass. Selected as Imperial University student and recommended with high marks, he first entered office as Secretariat Gentleman and rose step by step to Chief Clerk to Prince of Luling. Mourning his father he was known for filial piety; he built a hut beside the tomb, and Emperor Ming sent twenty fasting guards to protect the tomb site. When mourning ended he rose step by step to Interior Administrator of Jian'an. When Emperor Wu of Liang raised troops he sent General Who Pacifies the North Liu Yanzhi to the commandery; Qian resisted. When Jiankang was pacified Qian was imprisoned, but was soon pardoned.
50
曆太尉臨川王長史、尚書吏部郎，領右軍。 方雅有風格，僕射徐勉權重，唯蒨及王規與抗禮，不為之屈。 勉因蒨門客翟景為子繇求昏於蒨女，不答。 景再言之，乃杖景四十，由此與勉忤。 勉又為子求蒨弟葺及王泰女，二人並拒之。 葺為吏部郎，坐杖曹中幹免官，泰以疾假出宅，乃遷散騎常侍，皆勉意也。 初，天監六年，詔以侍中常侍並侍帷幄，分門下二局入集書，其官品視侍中，而非華胄所悅，故勉斥泰為之。
He successively served as Chief Aide to Grand Commandant Prince of Linchuan, Director of Personnel in the Secretariat, and concurrent Commander of the Right Army. Square and elegant in bearing, Vice Director Xu Mian held great power, yet only Qian and Wang Gui matched him in ceremony and would not bow. Because Qian's client Zhai Jing sought marriage for Mian's son Yao with Qian's daughter, Mian received no answer. Jing spoke again; Qian then had Jing beaten forty strokes, and from this he fell out with Mian. Mian again sought marriage for his son with Qian's younger brother Qi and Wang Tai's daughter; both turned him down. Qi was Director of Personnel and was dismissed for beating a bureau clerk; Tai took sick leave and left his residence, then was moved to Regular Attendant—all at Mian's instigation. At first, in the sixth year of Tianjian, an edict had Palace Attendants and Regular Attendants attend together beside the throne; the two Gatehouse bureaus entered the Compilation Office, rank equal to Palace Attendant yet not pleasing to noble clans, so Mian pushed Tai into it.
51
蒨尋遷司徒左長史。 初王泰出閣，武帝謂勉云：「江蒨資歷，應居選部。」 勉曰：「蒨有眼患，又不悉人物。」 乃止。 遷光祿大夫。 卒，諡肅。
Qian was soon moved to Senior Aide of the Left in the Secretariat. When Wang Tai left the inner palace, Emperor Wu told Mian, "Jiang Qian's qualifications should place him in the selection office. Mian replied, "Qian has an eye ailment and does not know people well." The matter then stopped. He was promoted to Grand Master of the Palace. At his death he received the posthumous title Su.
52
蒨好學，尤悉朝儀故事，撰江左遺典三十卷，未就，卒。 文集十五卷。
Qian loved learning and especially knew court ritual and old precedents; he compiled thirty scrolls on Eastern Jin surviving institutions but died before finishing. His collected writings ran to fifteen scrolls.
53
蒨弟曇字彥德，少學涉有器度，位侍中太子詹事，承聖初卒。 曇弟祿。
Qian's younger brother Tan, courtesy name Yande, studied broadly from youth and had capacity; he rose to Palace Attendant and Crown Prince Tutor and died at the beginning of the Chengsheng era. Tan's younger brother was Lu.
54
祿字彥遐，幼篤學有文章，工書善琴。 形貌短小，神明俊發。 位太子洗馬、湘東王錄事參軍，以氣陵府王，王深憾焉。 廬陵威王續代為荊州，留為驃騎諮議參軍。 獻書告別，王答書乃致恨。
Lu, courtesy name Yanxia, studied deeply from youth and had literary talent; he excelled at calligraphy and the zither. Though short in stature, his spirit was bright and outstanding. He rose to Crown Prince Reader and Recorder to Prince of Xiangdong; by temperament he overbore the prince, and the prince deeply resented it. Prince of Luling Wei Xu replaced him in Jing Province and kept him as Military Adviser to the Rapid Cavalry. He submitted a letter of farewell; the prince's reply expressed resentment.
55
祿先為武寧郡，頗有資產，積錢於壁，壁為之倒，迮銅物皆鳴。 人戲之曰：「所謂'銅山西傾，洛鍾東應'者也。」 湘東王恨之既深，以其名祿，改字曰榮財，以志其忿。 後為作唐侯相，卒。 撰列仙傳十卷行於世，及井絜皋木人賦、敗船詠，並以自喻。
Lu had earlier governed Wuning and amassed property; he piled coins against a wall until the wall collapsed and all the bronze vessels rang. People teased him, "This is what they call 'the bronze mountain tilts west, the Luo bell answers east.' Prince of Xiangdong's resentment ran deep; because his name was Lu he changed his courtesy name to Rongcai to mark his anger. Later he held the title Marquis of Zuotang and died. He compiled ten scrolls of Biographies of Immortals that circulated in the world, and essays on the Well, the Pure Stream, the Wooden Man, and the Ruined Boat—all as self-allegory.
56
子徽亦有文采，而清狂不慧，常以父為戲。 蒨子紑。
His son Hui also had literary talent but was pure, mad, and unwise, often making his father the butt of jokes. Qian's son was Gou.
57
紑字含絜，幼有孝性，年十三，父蒨患眼，紑侍疾將期月，衣不解帶。 夜夢一僧云：「患眼者飲慧眼水必差。」 及覺說之，莫能解者。 紑第三叔祿與草堂寺智者法師善，往訪之。 智者曰：「無量壽經雲，慧眼見真，能度彼岸。」 蒨乃因智者啟舍同夏縣界牛屯裏舍為寺，乞賜嘉名。 敕答云：「純臣孝子往往感應，晉時顏含遂見冥中送藥，又近見智者以卿第二息夢雲'飲慧眼水'。 慧眼則五眼之一號，可以慧眼為名。」 及就創造，泄故井，井水清洌，異於恒泉。 依夢取水洗眼及煮藥，稍覺有瘳，因此遂差。 時人謂之孝感。
Gou, courtesy name Hanjie, had filial nature from youth; at thirteen when his father Qian suffered eye disease, Gou attended the illness for nearly a month without removing his belt. At night he dreamed a monk said, "One with eye disease should drink Wisdom-Eye water and be cured. When he woke and told the dream, no one could explain it. Gou's third uncle Lu was on good terms with the wise monk of Caotang Temple and went to visit him. The wise monk said, "The Infinite Life Sutra says the Wisdom Eye sees truth and can cross to the far shore. Through the wise monk, Qian memorialized to donate his house in Niutun Village in Tongxia County as a temple and begged a fine name." The edict replied, "Pure ministers and filial sons often move heaven; in Jin times Yan Han received medicine sent from the unseen, and recently the wise monk, because your second son dreamed the words 'drink Wisdom-Eye water, Wisdom Eye is one of the Five Eyes—it may take that name. When construction began an old well was opened; the water was clear and unlike ordinary springs. Following the dream they took the water to wash the eyes and brew medicine; he gradually improved and was thereby cured. People of the time called it filial piety moving heaven.
58
南康王為徐州，召為迎主簿。 紑性沈靜，好莊、老玄言，尤善佛義，不樂進仕。 及父卒，紑廬於墓，終日號慟不絕聲，月餘乃卒。 子總。
When Prince of Nankang held Xu Province he summoned Gou as Chief Reception Clerk. Gou was quiet by nature; he loved Zhuangzi, Laozi, and dark learning, was especially versed in Buddhist doctrine, and did not love advancement. When his father died Gou built a hut at the tomb and wailed all day without stopping; after more than a month he died. His son was Zong.
59
總字總持，七歲而孤，依於外氏。 幼聰敏，有至性。 元舅吳平侯蕭勱名重當世，特所鍾愛，謂曰：「爾神采英拔，後之知名，當出吾右。」
Zong, courtesy name Zongchi, was orphaned at seven and lived with his maternal kin. From youth he was clever and of utmost nature. His maternal uncle Marquis of Wuping Xiao Li was famous in the age and especially cherished him, saying, "Your spirit is outstanding; your future renown will surpass mine."
60
及長，篤學有文辭。 仕梁為尚書殿中郎。 武帝撰正言始畢，制述懷詩，總預同此作。 帝覽總詩，深見嗟賞。 轉侍郎。 尚書僕射范陽張纘、度支尚書琅邪王筠、都官尚書南陽劉之遴並高才碩學，總時年少有名，纘等雅相推重，為忘年友會。 之遴嘗酬總詩，深相欽挹。
When grown he studied deeply and wrote well. Serving Liang he rose to Director of the Palace in the Secretariat. When Emperor Wu finished compiling the Correct Words and composed a poem expressing his feelings, Zong took part in the composition. The emperor read Zong's poem and admired it deeply. He was transferred to Gentleman of the Secretariat. Zhang Zuan of Fanyang, Wang Yun of Langye, and Liu Zhilin of Nanyang were all men of high talent and deep learning; Zong was then young and famous, and they deeply respected him and became friends across generations. Zhilin once responded to Zong's poem and admired him deeply.
61
累遷太子中舍人。 侯景寇建鄴，詔以總權兼太常卿，守小廟。 台城陷，避難會稽郡，憩於龍華寺，乃制修心賦。 總第九舅蕭勃先據廣州，又自會稽往依焉。 及元帝平侯景，徵為始興內史。 會魏克江陵，不行，自此流寓嶺南積歲。
He rose step by step to Crown Prince Household Aide. When Hou Jing raided Jiankang an edict made Zong acting Grand Minister of Ceremonies to guard the lesser temple. When Terrace City fell he took refuge in Kuaiji Commandery, rested at Longhua Temple, and composed an essay on cultivating the heart. Zong's ninth maternal uncle Xiao Bo had earlier seized Guang Province; Zong again went from Kuaiji to join him. Once Emperor Yuan pacified Hou Jing he became summoned as Interior Administrator of Shixing. When Wei captured Jiangling he did not go; from then he wandered in Lingnan for many years.
62
陳天嘉四年，以中書侍郎征還。 累遷左戶尚書，轉太子詹事。 總性寬和溫裕，尤工五言七言，溺於浮靡。 及為宮端，與太子為長夜之飲，養良娣陳氏為女，太子亟微行遊總家，宣帝怒免之。 後又曆侍中、左戶尚書。
In Chen Tiancheng year four he was summoned back as Secretariat Gentleman. He rose step by step to Minister of the Left Household and became Crown Prince Tutor. Zong was broad, gentle, and generous by nature; he was especially skilled in five- and seven-character verse and drowned in ornament. When he became palace tutor he drank through the night with the crown prince, raised Lady Chen the good concubine as a daughter, and the crown prince often slipped out to visit Zong's house; Emperor Xuan was angry and dismissed him. Later he again held Palace Attendant and Minister of the Left Household in succession.
63
禎明三年，陳亡入隋，拜上開府。 開皇十四年，卒于江都，年七十六。 其為自序云：「太建之時，權移群小，諂嫉作威，屢被摧黜，奈何命也。」 識者譏其言跡之乖。 有文集三十卷。 長子溢，頗有文辭，性傲誕驕物，雖近屬故友，不免詆欺。
In Zhenming year three Chen fell and he entered Sui; he was appointed Senior General Opening Offices. In Kaihuang year fourteen he died at Jiangdu, age seventy-six. In his self-account he wrote, "During Taijian power shifted to petty men, flattery and jealousy made authority, and I was repeatedly cast down—such is fate. Those who saw clearly mocked the gap between his words and deeds." He left collected writings of thirty scrolls. The subject's eldest son Yi had considerable literary skill but became proud, reckless,; insulting; even close kin; old friends were not spared slander.
64
曆中書黃門侍郎，太子中庶子。 入隋，為秦王文學，卒。
He held in succession Gentleman of the Secretariat and Yellow Gate and Crown Prince Household Supervisor. Entering Sui he became Literary Scholar to Prince of Qin and died there.
65
江智深，夷之弟子也。 父僧安，宋太子中庶子。 夷有盛名，夷子湛又有清譽，父子並貴達。 智深父少無名問，湛禮敬甚簡，智深常以為恨，自非節歲不入湛門。 及為隨王誕後軍參軍，在襄陽，誕待之甚厚。 時諮議參軍謝莊、主簿沈懷文與智深友善，懷文每稱曰：「人所應有盡有、所應無盡無者，其江智深乎。」
Jiang Zhishen was Yi's nephew. His father Seng'an had been Crown Prince Household Supervisor under Song. Yi had a great name, and Yi's son Zhan a pure reputation; father and son were both eminent and successful. Zhishen's father had no name from youth; Zhan's courtesy was very sparse, and Zhishen always resented this, entering Zhan's gate only on festival days. Once he became Rear Army Aide to Prince of Sui Wang Dan in Xiangyang, Dan treated him very generously. Military Adviser Xie Zhuang and Chief Clerk Shen Huaiwen were then on good terms with Zhishen; Huaiwen often praised him, saying, "What a man ought to have he has entirely; what he ought not to have he entirely lacks—can this be anyone but Jiang Zhishen?"
66
元嘉末，除尚書庫部郎。 時高流官序不為台郎，智深門孤援寡，獨有此選，意甚不悅，固辭不拜。 後為竟陵王誕司空主簿、記室參軍，領南濮陽太守，遷從事中郎。 誕將為逆，智深悟其機，請假先反。 誕事發，即除中書侍郎。
At the end of Yuanjia he was made Director of the Storehouse in the Secretariat. Men of high standing then did not take Secretariat clerk posts; Zhishen's house was isolated and without support, and he alone received this selection; he was very displeased and firmly declined. Later he became Chief Clerk and Recorder to Prince of Jingling Wang Dan, Minister of Works, concurrent Administrator of Southern Puyang, and was moved to Attendant of Affairs. When Dan was about to rebel Zhishen saw the signs and asked leave to return first. When Dan's affair broke out he was immediately made Secretariat Gentleman.
67
智深愛好文雅，辭采清贍，孝武深相知待，恩禮冠朝。 上宴私甚數，多命群臣五三人游集，智深常為其首。 同侶未及前，輒獨蒙引進，每以越眾為慚，未嘗有喜色。 每從遊幸，與群僚相隨，見傳詔馳來，知當呼己，聳動愧恧，形於容貌，論者以此多之。
Zhishen loved elegance; his diction was clear and rich; Emperor Xiaowu knew and treated him deeply, and favor and ceremony topped the court. The emperor held private feasts very often, usually summoning three or five ministers at a time; Zhishen was regularly placed first among them. Before his companions arrived he alone would be summoned in advance; he always felt ashamed to surpass the crowd and never showed pleasure. Each time he followed tours with officials; seeing a relay edict gallop up and knowing he would be called, he would start and flush with shame; commentators praised him for this.
68
遷驍騎將軍、尚書吏部郎。 上每酣宴，輒詆群臣，並使自相嘲訐，以為歡笑。 智深素方退，漸不會旨。 上嘗使以王僧朗戲其子景文，智深正色曰：「恐不宜有此戲。」 上怒曰：「江僧安癡人，癡人自相惜。」 智深伏席流涕，由此恩寵大衰。
He was moved to General of the Valiant Cavalry and Director of Personnel in the Secretariat. Whenever the emperor drank deeply at feasts he would revile the ministers and have them mock one another for amusement. Zhishen was by nature square and retiring and gradually failed to match the emperor's intent. Once the emperor had him jest with Wang Senglang about his son Jingwen; Zhishen said sternly, "I fear this jest is not fitting. The emperor snapped, "Jiang Seng'an is a fool, and fools cherish one another." Zhishen prostrated himself on the mat and wept; from this favor greatly declined."
69
出為新安王子鸞北中郎長史、南東海太守，行南徐州事。
He went out as Chief Aide to Prince of Xin'an Ziluan, General of the North, and Administrator of Eastern Donghai, handling Southern Xu Province affairs.
70
初，上寵姬宣貴妃殷氏卒，使群臣議諡，智深上議曰：「懷」。 上以不盡嘉號，甚銜之。 後車駕幸南山，乘馬至殷氏墓，群臣皆騎從，上以馬鞭指墓石柱謂智深曰：「此柱上不容有'懷'字「，智深益惶懼，以憂卒。
When the emperor's beloved concubine Lady Yin of the Honored Consort died, he had the ministers deliberate her posthumous title; Zhishen submitted the title Huai. Because the title did not fully express praise, the emperor deeply harbored resentment. Later the imperial carriage visited South Mountain and rode to Lady Yin's tomb; the ministers all rode in attendance; the emperor pointed with his whip at the tomb pillar and told Zhishen, "On this pillar there is no room for the character 'Huai,'" and Zhishen grew still more fearful and died of grief.
71
子筠，太子洗馬，早卒。 後廢帝皇后，筠之女也。 廢帝即位，以後父追贈金紫光祿大夫，筠妻王平望鄉君。
His son Yun was Crown Prince Reader and died young. The deposed emperor's empress became Yun's daughter. When the deposed emperor took the throne the empress's father was posthumously made Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Girdle, and Yun's wife Lady Wang became Lady of Pingwang Township.
72
智深兄子概早孤，智深養之如子。 概曆黃門吏部郎，侍中，武陵王贊北中郎長史。
Zhishen's elder brother's son Gai was orphaned early; Zhishen raised him as his own son. Gai held in succession Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, Director of Personnel, Palace Attendant, and Chief Aide to Prince of Wuling Zan, General of the North.
73
江秉之字玄叔，濟陽考城人也。 祖逌，晉太常。 父纂，給事中。
Jiang Bingzhi, courtesy name Xuanshu, came from Kaocheng in Jiyang commandery. His grandfather You had been Jin Grand Minister of Ceremonies. His father Zuan served as Chief Drafting Officer.
74
秉之少孤，弟妹七人並幼，撫育姻娶，盡其心力。 宋少帝時，為永世、烏程令，以善政著名東土。 徵為建康令，為政嚴察，部下肅然。 後為山陰令，人戶三萬，政事繁擾，訟訴殷積，階庭常數百人。 秉之禦繁以簡，常得無事。 宋世唯顧覬之亦以省務著績，其餘雖復刑政修理，而未能簡事。 以在縣有能，出補新安太守。 元嘉十二年，轉在臨海，並以簡約見稱，卒於官所。 得秩悉散之親故，妻子常饑寒。 人有勸其營田，秉之正色答曰：「食祿之家，豈可與農人競利。」 在郡作書案一枚，去官留以付庫。
Bingzhi was orphaned young; seven younger siblings were all small, and he reared them, arranged marriages, and gave his full heart and strength. Under Emperor Shao of Song he was Magistrate of Yongshi and Wucheng and won fame in the east for good governance. He was summoned as Magistrate of Jiankang; his governance was strict and searching, and subordinates stood in awe. Later he was Magistrate of Shanyin; the household count was thirty thousand, government affairs were tangled and pressing, and several hundred litigants constantly filled the courtyard. Bingzhi met complexity with simplicity and often had no backlog. In Song only Gu Jizhi was also known for reducing affairs; the rest though they regulated punishment and government could not simplify affairs. Recognized for ability in the county, he was posted out as acting Administrator of Xin'an. In Yuanjia year twelve he was transferred to Linhai and in both posts was praised for simplicity; he died in office. He gave all his salary to kin and friends; wife and children often went cold and hungry. People urged him to farm; Bingzhi sternly replied, "Families living on salary—how can they compete for profit with farmers? In the commandery he made one writing desk; on leaving office he left it in the storehouse."
75
秉之宗人邃之字玄遠，頗有文義，撰文釋傳於世，位司徒記室參軍。
Bingzhi's clansman Suizhi, courtesy name Xuanyuan, had considerable literary principle, compiled writings explaining the classics circulating in the world, and reached Recorder to the Minister of Works.
76
秉之子徽，尚書都官郎，吳令。 元凶殺徐湛之，徽以黨與見誅。 子謐。
Bingzhi's son Hui served as Director of the Ministry of Justice in the Secretariat and as Magistrate of Wu. When the assassin prince killed Xu Zhanzhi, Hui was executed as his associate. His son was Mi.
77
謐再遷右丞，兼比部朗。 泰始四年，江夏王義恭第十五女卒，年十九，未笄，禮官議從成人服，諸王服大功。 左丞孫敻重奏：「禮記'女子十五而笄'，鄭玄云：'應年許嫁者也。 其未許嫁者，則二十而笄。 '射慈云：'十九猶為殤。 '禮官違越經典，於理無據。」 太常以下結免贖論，謐坐杖督五十，奪勞百日。 謐又奏敻先不研辯，混同謬議，准以事例，亦宜及咎。 敻又結免贖論，詔可。
Mi was twice moved to Right Assistant Director and concurrently Director of the Comparison Bureau. In Taishi year four, the fifteenth daughter of Prince of Jiangxia Yigong died at nineteen, unmarried; the ritual officers deliberated adult mourning, and the princes wore great mourning. Left Assistant Director Sun Xuan resubmitted: "The Book of Rites says 'a girl at fifteen performs the hairpin ceremony'—Zheng Xuan says, 'the age when she should be promised in marriage. If she is not yet promised in marriage, then at twenty she performs the hairpin. She Ci says, 'nineteen still counts as early death. The ritual officers violate and exceed the classics; in principle they have no basis. The Grand Minister of Ceremonies and those below concluded exemption by ransom; Mi was sentenced to fifty strokes of the staff and loss of merit for a hundred days. Mi again memorialized that Xuan had earlier failed to investigate and debate, mixing erroneous deliberation; by precedent he too should bear guilt. Xuan again concluded exemption by ransom; the throne approved.
78
出為建平王景素冠軍長史、長沙內史，行湘州事。 政教苛刻，僧遵道又與謐情款，隨謐蒞郡，犯小事，餓系郡獄。 僧遵道裂三衣食之盡而死，為有司奏，征還。 明帝崩，遇赦免。
He went out as Chief Aide to Champion Prince of Jianping Jingsu, Interior Administrator of Changsha, acting in Xiang Province affairs. His governance was harsh and exacting; the monk Zundao was also intimate with Mi and followed Mi to the commandery; for a small offense he was starved and imprisoned in the commandery jail. Zundao tore three sets of clothes and ate them until he died; the relevant offices reported it and Mi was recalled. Once Emperor Ming died he met amnesty and was pardoned.
79
謐才長刀筆，所在幹職。 高帝崩，謐稱疾不入，眾頗疑其怨不預顧命。 武帝即位，謐又不遷官，以此怨望。 時武帝不豫，謐詣豫章王嶷，請閑曰：「至尊非起疾，東宮又非才，公今欲何計？」 武帝知之，出謐為鎮北長史、南東海太守。 未發，憂甚，乃以奕棋占卦云：「有客南來，金碗玉杯。」 上使御史中丞沈沖奏謐前後罪惡，請收送廷尉。 詔賜死，果以金罌盛藥鴆之。
Mi's talent lay in legal documents; wherever he served he handled affairs competently; so it ended. Once Emperor Gao died Mi claimed illness and did not enter; many suspected he resented not being included in the final commands. Once Emperor Wu took the throne Mi again did not transfer posts, and for this harbored resentment. Then Emperor Wu was ill; Mi went to Prince of Yuzhang Ni and asked leave, saying, "The Supreme One is not recovering from illness, and the Eastern Palace lacks talent—what plan does Your Highness now intend? Emperor Wu learned of it and sent Mi out as Chief Aide to the Pacifying North and Administrator of Eastern Donghai; so it ended. Before he departed his anxiety was extreme; he cast a weiqi divination and said, "A guest comes from the south—a golden bowl and jade cup. The Son of Heaven sent Censor-in-Chief Shen Chong to memorialize Mi's former and latter crimes and request arrest and delivery to the Court of Justice. An edict sentenced him to death; indeed a golden jar held the poisoned draught; so it ended.
80
子介，建武中為吳令，政亦深苛。 人間榜死人髑髏為謐首，介棄官而去。
The subject's son Jie in the Jianwu era was Magistrate of Wu; his governance was also deeply harsh. People posted a dead man's skull as Mi's head; Jie abandoned office and left; so it ended.
81
論曰：敬元夷簡歸譽，玄保弘懿見推，其取重於世，豈虛名也。 然玄保時隆帝念，雖命稟于玄天，跡其恩寵，蓋亦「猶賢」之助。 沈氏世傳武節，而演之以業尚見知，綢繆帷幄，遂參機務。 處默保閑篤素，叔源節見臨危，懿德高風，所謂世有人矣。 茂遠自晉及陳，雅道相系，弈世載德，斯之謂焉。 而總溺於寵狎，反以文雅為敗，然則士之成名，所貴彬彬而已。 玄叔清介著美，足以追蹤古烈。 令和窺覘成性，終取躓于險塗，宜矣。
Commentary says: Jingyuan's quiet simplicity won lasting praise, Xuanbao's steady virtue earned promotion—their weight in the world was no empty name; so it ended. Yet when Xuanbao enjoyed imperial favor at the height of the age, though fate came from the dark heaven, tracing his grace and favor, it was also the help of "still worthy." The Shen clan for generations transmitted martial valor, yet Yanzhi won renown for upholding principle; bound closely in the tent, he shared confidential affairs. Chumo preserved leisure and plain integrity, Shuyuan showed integrity facing peril—their lofty virtue and high bearing show that the age had its men; so it ended. From Jin through Chen Maoyuan's elegant way continued in succession, virtue carried generation after generation—this is what is meant; so it ended. Yet Zong drowned in favor and intimacy and in the end was ruined by elegance—thus in making a name, what matters is balanced completeness; so it ended. Xuanshu's purity and integrity won lasting praise, enough to follow the tracks of ancient worthies; so it ended. Linghe's habit of spying and probing became his nature; in the end he stumbled on a perilous road—as was fitting; so it ended.