1
列傳第二十七
Biographies, Number Twenty-Seven
2
沈慶之宗愨
Shen Qingzhi · Zong Que
3
永初二年，慶之除殿中員外將軍，又隨伯符隸到彥之北侵。 伯符病歸，仍隸檀道濟。 道濟白文帝稱慶之忠謹曉兵，上使領隊防東掖門，稍得引接，出入禁省。 領軍劉湛知之，欲相引接，謂曰：「卿在省年月久遠，比當相論。」 慶之正色曰：「下官在省十年，自應得轉，不復以此仰累。」 尋轉正員將軍。 及湛被收之夕，上開門召慶之，慶之戎服履襪縛褲入，上見而驚曰：「卿何意乃爾急裝？」 慶之曰：「夜半喚隊主，不容緩服。」 遣收吳郡太守劉斌殺之。
In the second year of Yongchu, Qingzhi was made Supernumerary General of the Palace Attendants and joined Bofu in serving under Dao Yanzhi on the northern campaign. After Bofu fell ill and returned home, he was assigned to Tan Daoji's command. Daoji recommended Qingzhi to Emperor Wen as loyal, diligent, and well versed in military affairs. The emperor put him in charge of a guard unit at the Eastern Side Gate and gradually brought him into the inner circle, allowing him to enter and leave the forbidden palace precincts. The Director of Palace Attendants Liu Zhan learned of this and sought to patronize him, saying, "You have been in the palace service for many years — it is high time I spoke on your behalf. Qingzhi answered with a stern face: "Your humble servant has been in the palace for ten years and ought to earn promotion on his own merits. I will not burden you with such a request." Before long he was promoted to full Regular General. On the night Zhan was arrested, the emperor opened the gate and summoned Qingzhi. Qingzhi entered in full military dress — armor, boots, and trousers bound at the ankles. The emperor was startled and said, "Why have you dressed in such haste? Qingzhi replied, "When a squad commander is summoned at midnight, he cannot afford to dress at his ease." The emperor sent to arrest Liu Bin, Administrator of Wu Commandery, and had him put to death.
4
元嘉十九年，雍州刺史劉道產卒，群蠻大動，征西司馬朱修之討蠻失利，以慶之為建威將軍，率眾助修之。 修之失律下獄，慶之專軍進討，大破緣沔諸蠻。 後為孝武撫軍中兵參軍。 孝武以本號為雍州，隨府西上，征蠻寇屢有功。 還都，復為廣陵王誕北中郎中兵參軍，加建威將軍、南濟陰太守。 雍州蠻又為寇，慶之以將軍、太守復與隨王誕入沔。 及至襄陽，率後軍中兵參軍柳元景、隨郡太守宗愨等伐沔北諸山蠻，大破之。 威震諸山，群蠻皆稽顙。 慶之患頭風，好著狐皮帽，群蠻惡之，號曰蒼頭公。 每見慶之軍，輒畏懼曰：「蒼頭公已復來矣。」
In the nineteenth year of Yuanjia, when Liu Daochan, Inspector of Yong Province, died, the tribal peoples rose in great numbers. Zhu Xiuzhi, Western Campaigning Marshal, was defeated in his campaign against them. Qingzhi was appointed General Who Establishes Might and led troops to assist Xiuzhi. Xiuzhi was imprisoned for military failure. Qingzhi took sole command and pressed the attack, crushing the tribal forces all along the Han River. He later served as Middle Army Adjutant on the staff of Emperor Xiaowu's Pacifying Army. When Xiaowu was assigned Yong Province under his former title, Qingzhi accompanied the headquarters westward and repeatedly distinguished himself in campaigns against tribal raiders. After returning to the capital, he again served as Middle Army Adjutant in the Northern Central Office of Prince Dan of Guangling, with the additional titles of General Who Establishes Might and Administrator of Southern Jiyin. When the tribes of Yong Province raided again, Qingzhi, in his capacity as general and administrator, once more entered the Han River region with Prince Dan of Sui. Upon reaching Xiangyang, he led Rear Army Middle Adjutant Liu Yuanjing, Administrator of Sui Commandery Zong Que, and others against the mountain tribes north of the Han, crushing them decisively. His renown shook every mountain; the tribal peoples all prostrated themselves in submission. Qingzhi suffered from headaches and liked to wear a fox-fur cap. The tribes detested the sight and called him the Grey-headed Lord. Whenever they saw Qingzhi's army, they cried out in terror: "The Grey-headed Lord has come again!"
5
慶之引軍出，前後破降甚眾，又討犬羊諸山蠻，緣險築重城，施門櫓甚峻。 慶之連營山下，營中開門相通。 又令諸軍各穿池于營內，朝夕不外汲。 兼以防蠻之火。 頃之風甚，蠻夜下山，人提一炬燒營。 火至，輒以池水灌滅之。 蠻被圍守日久，並饑乏，自後稍出歸降。 慶之前後所獲蠻，並移都下，以為營戶。
Qingzhi led his army forth and, in campaign after campaign, defeated and received the surrender of vast numbers. He also attacked the mountain tribes of Quanyang, who had built fortified strongholds along perilous heights with imposing gate-towers and watchturrets. Qingzhi encamped his forces in linked camps at the foot of the mountains, with gates between the camps opening into one another. He also ordered each unit to dig pools within its camp so that troops need not leave camp for water morning or evening. This also served as a defense against tribal fire attacks. Before long a strong wind arose. At night the tribes came down the mountains, each man carrying a torch to set the camps ablaze. When the flames reached them, they doused the fire with the pool water. Besieged for a long time, the tribes grew hungry and exhausted; afterward they gradually came out to surrender. All the tribes Qingzhi captured, in campaign after campaign, were relocated to the capital to serve as military households.
6
二十七年，遷太子步兵校尉。 其年，文帝將北侵，慶之諫曰：「道濟再行無功，彥之失利而反，今料王玄謨等未踰兩將，恐重辱王師。」 上曰：「王師再屈，別有所由。 道濟養寇自資，彥之中塗疾動。 虜所恃唯馬，夏水浩大，泛舟濟河，碻磝必走，滑台小戍，易可覆拔。 克此二戍，館穀吊人，虎牢洛陽，自然不固。」 慶之固陳不可，時丹陽尹徐湛之、吏部尚書江湛並在坐，上使湛之等難慶之。 慶之曰：「為國譬如家，耕當問奴，織當訪婢。 陛下今欲伐國，而與白面書生輩謀之，事何由濟？ 「上大笑。
During the twenty-seventh year, he was transferred to Infantry Commandant of the Crown Prince. That year, as Emperor Wen planned a northern invasion, Qingzhi remonstrated: "Daoji campaigned twice without success; Yanzhi returned in defeat. I expect that Wang Xuamo and the others will not surpass those two generals — I fear our armies will suffer disgrace once again. The emperor said, "Our armies were twice humbled for other reasons. Daoji nurtured the enemy to enrich himself; Yanzhi fell ill midway through the campaign. The enemy relies solely on their horses. In summer the rivers swell greatly; crossing the Yellow River by boat, the force at Quebi will surely flee. The small garrison at Huatai can easily be overrun and taken. Once these two strongpoints are taken, with grain stored and the people comforted, Hulao and Luoyang will naturally not hold firm. Qingzhi firmly argued that it could not be done. Xu Zhanzhi, Governor of Danyang, and Jiang Zhan, Minister of Personnel, were both present; the emperor had them debate Qingzhi. Qingzhi said, "Governing a state is like managing a household — for plowing one should ask the farmhand, for weaving one should consult the maid. Your Majesty now wishes to invade a foreign state, yet you plan it with pale-faced bookish fellows — how can the enterprise succeed? The emperor then laughed heartily.
7
及軍行，慶之副玄謨。 玄謨進圍滑台，慶之與蕭斌留守碻磝，仍領斌輔國司馬。 玄謨攻滑台，積旬不拔，魏太武大軍南向，斌遣慶之將五千人救玄謨。 慶之曰：「少軍輕往，必無益也。」 會玄謨退還，斌將斬之，慶之諫乃止。
Once the army marched, Qingzhi served as deputy to Xuamo. Xuamo advanced to besiege Huatai. Qingzhi and Xiao Bin remained to hold Quebi, and Qingzhi also served as Bin's Pacifying Army Major. Xuamo assaulted Huatai for many days without taking it. The Wei Emperor Taiwu led his great army southward, and Bin sent Qingzhi with five thousand men to rescue Xuamo. Qingzhi said, "Sending a small force lightly will surely do no good. Just then Xuamo retreated. Bin was about to execute him, but Qingzhi remonstrated and stopped it.
8
蕭斌以前驅敗績，欲死固碻磝，慶之以為不可。 會制使至，不許退，諸將並宜留。 斌復問計于慶之，慶之曰：「閫外之事，將所得專，制從遠來，事勢已異。 節下有一范增而不能用，空議何施？」 斌及坐者並笑曰：「沈公乃更學問。」 慶之厲聲曰：「眾人雖見古今，不如下官耳學也。」 玄謨自以退敗，求戍碻磝。 斌乃還曆城。 申坦、垣護之共據清口，慶之奔驛馳歸。
Because the vanguard had been defeated, Xiao Bin wished to die defending Quebi; Qingzhi thought this unwise. Then an imperial messenger arrived ordering no retreat — all generals were to remain. Bin asked Qingzhi's advice again. Qingzhi said, "Matters outside the gate are for the general's sole discretion. Orders come from afar, but circumstances have already changed. You have a Fan Zeng at your side yet cannot use him — of what use are empty deliberations? Bin and all present laughed and said, "Master Shen has become quite the scholar." Qingzhi said loudly, "Though you all may have read of past and present, you are not the equal of what I have heard with my own ears." Xuamo, considering himself disgraced by retreat, asked to garrison Quebi. Bin thereupon returned to Licheng. Shen Tan and Yuan Huzhi jointly held Qingkou. Qingzhi raced back by post relay.
9
二十九年，師復行，慶之固諫不從。 以立議不同，不使北出。 是時亡命司馬黑石、廬江叛吏夏侯方進在西陽五水讙動群蠻，自淮汝間至江沔，咸離其患，乃遣慶之督諸將討之，制江、豫、荊、雍並遣軍受慶之節度。
In the twenty-ninth year, the army marched again. Qingzhi remonstrated firmly but was not heeded. Because his counsel differed, the court did not allow him to go north. At that time the fugitive Sima Heishi and the rebel official of Lujiang Xiahou Fangjin stirred up the tribal peoples in the five rivers of Xiyang; from between the Huai and Ru rivers to the Yangtze and Han, all suffered their depredations. The court dispatched Qingzhi to command the generals in suppressing them, and Jiang, Yu, Jing, and Yong provinces were all ordered to send troops under his command.
10
三十年，孝武出次五洲，總統群帥。 慶之從巴水出至五洲諮受軍略。 會孝武典簽董元嗣自建鄴還，陳元凶弑逆，孝武遣慶之引諸軍。 慶之謂腹心曰：「蕭斌婦人不足數，其餘將帥並易與耳。 今輔順討逆，不憂不濟也。」 時元凶密與慶之書，令殺孝武。 慶之入求見，孝武稱疾不敢見。 慶之突前，以元凶手書呈簡，孝武泣求入內與母辭。 慶之曰：「下官受先帝厚恩，常願報德，今日之事，唯力是視，殿下是何疑之深。」 帝起再拜曰：「家國安危，在於將軍。」 慶之即勒內外處分。
During the thirtieth year, Xiaowu encamped at Wuzhou to command all the generals. Qingzhi then came out from the Ba River to Wuzhou to receive military instructions. When Xiaowu's chief clerk Dong Yuansi returned from Jiankang and reported the crown prince's regicide, Xiaowu dispatched Qingzhi to lead all the armies. Qingzhi told his trusted confidants, "Xiao Bin is not worth mentioning, and the rest of the commanders are all easy opponents. Now that we aid the righteous and punish the rebel, I have no worry of failure. By then the villain secretly sent Qingzhi a letter ordering him to kill Xiaowu. Qingzhi then entered requesting audience; Xiaowu pleaded illness and dared not see him. Qingzhi pressed forward and presented the villain's letter on a bamboo slip. Xiaowu wept and begged to go inside to bid farewell to his mother. Qingzhi said, "Your humble servant has received great favor from the late emperor and has long wished to repay it. In today's matter I will give all my strength — why does Your Highness doubt so deeply? The emperor rose and bowed twice, saying, "The safety of house and state rests on the general." Qingzhi immediately organized the disposition of forces inside and out.
11
府主簿顏竣聞慶之至，馳入見帝曰：「今四方尚未知義師之舉，而劭據有天府，首尾不相應赴，此危道也。 宜待諸鎮唇齒，然後舉事。」 慶之厲聲曰：「今方興大事，而黃頭小兒皆參預，此禍至矣，宜斬以徇眾。」 帝曰：「竣何不拜謝。」 竣起再拜。 慶之曰：「君但當知筆劄之事。」 於是處分，旬日內外整辦，時皆謂神兵。 百姓欣悅。
Chief Clerk Yan Jun, hearing Qingzhi had arrived, raced in to see the emperor and said, "The four quarters do not yet know the righteous army has risen, while Liu Shao holds the imperial capital. Head and tail cannot respond to each other — this is a perilous course. We should wait for the provinces to stand together like lips and teeth, and only then act. Qingzhi said loudly, "We are embarking on a great enterprise, yet yellow-headed striplings all join in deliberation — disaster approaches. He should be executed as a warning to all." The emperor said, "Jun, why not bow in thanks?" Jun rose and bowed twice in thanks. Qingzhi said, "You need only know matters of brush and document. Thereupon he made his disposition; within ten days inside and out were fully prepared, and all called them divine troops. The people rejoiced.
12
眾軍既集，假慶之為武昌內史，領府司馬。 孝武至尋陽，慶之及柳元景等並勸即大位，不許。 賊劭遣慶之門生錢無忌齎書說慶之解甲，慶之執無忌白之。 孝武踐阼，以慶之為領軍將軍，尋出為南兗州刺史，加都督，鎮盱眙，封南昌縣公。
Once all armies were gathered, Qingzhi was given provisional appointment as Internal Administrator of Wuchang and chief major of the headquarters. When Xiaowu reached Xunyang, Qingzhi and Liu Yuanjing and others all urged him to ascend the throne immediately; he did not consent. The rebel Liu Shao sent Qingzhi's former student Qian Wuji with a letter trying to persuade Qingzhi to lay down arms. Qingzhi seized Wuji and reported him. When Xiaowu ascended the throne, Qingzhi was made General of the Palace Attendants. Soon after he went out as Inspector of Southern Yan Province with grand command, garrisoning Xuyi, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Nanchang county.
13
大明三年，司空竟陵王誕據廣陵反，復以慶之為車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，固讓南兗州刺史，加都督，率眾討之。 誕遣客沈道湣齎書說慶之，餉以玉環刀。 慶之遣道湣反，數以罪惡。 慶之至城下，誕登樓謂曰：「沈公，君白首之年，何為來此？」 慶之曰：「朝廷以君狂愚，不足勞少壯，故使僕來耳。」 慶之塞塹，造攻道，立行樓土山並諸攻具。 時夏雨不得攻城，上使御史中丞庾徽之奏免慶之官以激之，制無所問。 誕餉慶之食，提挈者百餘人，慶之不開，悉焚之。 誕於城上投函表，令慶之為送。 慶之曰：「我奉制討賊，不得為汝送表。」 每攻城，慶之輒身先士卒。 上戒之曰：「卿為統任，當令處分有方，何須身受矢石邪？」 自四月至七月，乃屠城斬誕。 進慶之司空，又固讓爵。 於是與柳元景並依晉密陵侯鄭袤故事，朝會慶之位次司空，元景在從公之上，給恤吏五十人，門施行馬。
In the third year of Daming, Minister of Works Prince Dan of Jingling rebelled holding Guangling. Qingzhi was again appointed Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry with privilege equal to the Three Dukes, firmly declining the post of Inspector of Southern Yan while retaining grand command, and led troops to suppress him. Dan sent his retainer Shen Daomin with a letter to persuade Qingzhi, presenting a jade-ring knife as a gift. Qingzhi sent Daomin back, enumerating their crimes. When Qingzhi reached the foot of the walls, Dan mounted the tower and said, "Master Shen, in your white-haired years — why have you come here? Qingzhi said, "The court considers you mad and foolish — not worth troubling the young and strong — so they sent me." Qingzhi filled the moat, built assault ramps, and erected mobile towers, earthen mounds, and all manner of siege equipment. Summer rains at the time prevented assault. The emperor had Censor-in-Chief Yu Huizhi memorialize to dismiss Qingzhi from office to spur him on; the imperial rescript took no notice of the memorial. Dan sent food to Qingzhi, carried by more than a hundred attendants. Qingzhi did not open the gate and burned it all. Dan cast down sealed memorials from the walls, asking Qingzhi to deliver them. Qingzhi said, "I bear orders to punish the rebel and cannot deliver your memorials for you. Each time they assaulted the walls, Qingzhi personally led the charge ahead of his troops. The emperor admonished him, "As supreme commander you should direct affairs with method — why must you personally face arrows and stones? Between the fourth month and the seventh, they finally sacked the city and executed Dan. Qingzhi then was promoted to Minister of Works; again he firmly declined the enfeoffment. Thereupon he and Liu Yuanjing were both granted, following the precedent of Marquis Mi of Jin, Zheng Mao, precedence at court equal to the Minister of Works for Qingzhi, with Yuanjing above the lesser dukes; fifty condolence officers and gate horses were granted.
14
初，慶之嘗夢引鹵簿入廁中，慶之甚惡入廁之鄙。 時有善占夢者為解之，曰：「君必大富貴，然未在旦夕。」 問其故，答云：「鹵簿固是富貴容，廁中所謂後帝也。 知君富貴不在今主。」 及中興之功，自五校至是而登三事。
Initially Qingzhi once dreamed of leading an imperial procession into a privy; he greatly loathed the vulgarity of the image. At the time a skilled dream interpreter explained, "You will surely attain great wealth and honor, but not immediately. Asked the reason, he answered, "An imperial procession is naturally the image of wealth and honor; a privy signifies a later emperor. I know your wealth and honor do not lie with the present ruler." Once the merit of restoring the dynasty was achieved, from Infantry Commandant he rose to the Three Grand Offices.
15
四年，西陽五水蠻復為寇，慶之以郡公統諸軍討平之。
In the fourth year, the Xiyang Wushui tribes raided again. Qingzhi, as duke of the commandery, commanded all armies and pacified them.
16
慶之居清明門外，有宅四所，室宇甚麗。 又有園舍在婁湖，慶之一夜攜子孫徙居之，以宅還官，悉移親戚中表于婁湖，列門同閈焉。 廣開田園之業，每指地語人曰：「錢盡在此。」 中興身享大國，家素富厚，產業累萬金，奴僮千計。 再獻錢千萬，谷萬斛，以始興封優近，求改封南海郡，不許。 妓妾十數人，並美容工藝。 慶之優遊無事，盡意歡愉，自非朝賀不出門。 每從遊幸及校獵，據鞍陵厲，不異少壯。 太子妃上孝武金鏤匕箸及杅杓，上以賜慶之曰：「觴酌之賜，宜以大夫為先也。」
Qingzhi then lived outside the Qingming Gate, with four residences of splendid construction. He also had an estate at Lou Lake. One night he moved his children and grandchildren there, returned the city residences to the government, and relocated all his kin and cousins to Lou Lake in adjoining households. He greatly expanded his farming estates, and whenever he pointed at the land he would tell people, "All the money is right here. After the restoration he enjoyed a great fief. His family had long been wealthy, with property worth tens of thousands in gold and more than a thousand slaves and servants. He again offered ten million in cash and ten thousand hu of grain. Because his Shixing fief lay too close to the capital, he requested a transfer to Nanhai Commandery but was denied. He possessed more than ten concubines, all beautiful and skilled in the arts. Qingzhi lived at leisure with nothing to do, enjoying himself to the full. Unless it was a court audience, he did not leave home. Whenever he joined excursions or hunts, he sat his saddle boldly and fiercely, no different from a young man. The crown prince's consort presented to Xiaowu golden carved spoons, chopsticks, and ladles. The emperor bestowed them on Qingzhi, saying, "In the gift of wine cups, the great officer should come first."
17
上嘗歡飲，普令群臣賦詩，慶之粗有口辯，手不知書，每將署事，輒恨眼不識字。 上逼令作詩，慶之曰：「臣不知書，請口授師伯。」 上即令顏師伯執筆。 慶之口授之曰：「微生遇多幸，得逢時運昌。 朽老筋力盡，徒步還南岡。 辭榮此聖世，何愧張子房。」 上甚悅，眾坐並稱其辭意之美。
Once when the emperor was feasting merrily, he ordered all the ministers to compose poems. Qingzhi had rough eloquence but could not write; whenever he was to sign documents he regretted that his eyes did not know characters. The emperor pressed him to compose a poem. Qingzhi said, "Your servant does not know writing — please let me dictate to Master Bo. The emperor then had Yan Shibo take up the brush. Qingzhi then dictated: "This humble life has met great fortune, encountering an age of flourishing fortune. Decrepit and old, my strength is spent. on foot I return to the southern hill. Renouncing glory in this sage age, what shame compared to Zhang Zifang? The emperor was greatly pleased, and all present praised the beauty of the verse.
18
孝武晏駕，慶之與柳元景等並受顧命。 遺制「若有大軍旅及征討，悉委慶之」。 前廢帝即位，加慶之几杖，給三望車一乘。 慶之每朝賀，常乘豬鼻無幰車，左右從者不過三五騎。 履行園田，每農桑劇月，無人從行，遇之者不知三公也。 及加三望車，謂人曰：「我每游履田園，有人時與馬成三，無人則與馬成二。 今乘此車，安所之乎？」 及賜几杖，並固讓。 柳元景、顏師伯嘗詣慶之，會其游田，元景等鳴笳列卒滿道，慶之獨與左右一人在田，見之悄然改容曰：「夫貧賤不可居，富貴亦難守。 吾與諸公並出貧賤，因時際會，榮貴至此，唯當共思損挹之事。 老子八十之年，目見成敗者已多，諸君炫此車服，欲何為乎！」 於是插杖而耘，不為之顧。 元景等徹侍褰裳從之，慶之乃與相對為歡。
Once Xiaowu died, Qingzhi along with Liu Yuanjing and others all received deathbed appointment. The testamentary instructions read, "If there are major military campaigns or punitive expeditions, entrust them all to Qingzhi." When the Deposed Emperor ascended the throne, Qingzhi was granted a leaning staff and given one Three-Canopy carriage. Whenever Qingzhi attended court he rode a pig-nose carriage without canopy, with no more than three or five escorts. When he walked through his gardens and fields, during the busiest farming seasons no one accompanied him. Those who met him did not know he was one of the Three Dukes. When the Three-Canopy carriage was granted, he said to people, "Whenever I stroll through my fields, if someone is with me there are three of us with the horse; if no one is with me there are two of us with the horse. Now riding this carriage, where am I to go? Once the leaning staff was granted, he again firmly declined. Liu Yuanjing and Yan Shibo once came to visit Qingzhi and found him touring his fields. Yuanjing and the others sounded horns and lined soldiers filling the road, while Qingzhi was alone in the fields with one attendant. Seeing this he changed expression and said quietly, "Poverty and low station cannot be endured — yet wealth and honor are also hard to keep. You and I all rose from poverty and low station. Through the times and chance we have reached such glory and honor — we ought only to think together of how to restrain ourselves. I am eighty years old and have seen many rises and falls. You gentlemen display these carriages and robes — what do you intend? At that point he planted his staff and hoed, paying them no heed. Yuanjing and the others dismissed their attendants, lifted their robes and followed; Qingzhi then shared merriment with them.
19
慶之既通貴，鄉里老舊素輕慶之者，後見皆膝行而前。 慶之歎曰：「故是昔時沈公。」 視諸沈為劫首者數十人，士民悉患之。 慶之詭為置酒大會，一時殺之，於是合境肅清，人皆喜悅。
Once Qingzhi had attained high rank, old acquaintances in the village who had once looked down on him now all came forward on their knees. Qingzhi sighed, "This is still the old Master Shen. He saw several dozen Shen clansmen who were bandit leaders. gentry and commoners all suffered from them. Qingzhi pretended to arrange a great feast and at one stroke killed them. The whole district was pacified and all rejoiced.
20
廢帝狂悖無道，眾勸之廢立，及柳元景等連謀，以告慶之，慶之與江夏王義恭不厚，發其事。 帝誅義恭、元景等，以慶之為侍中、太尉。 及義陽王昶反，慶之從帝度江，總統眾軍。
The Deposed Emperor was wildly wicked; many counseled deposing and replacing him. Liu Yuanjing and others conspired and told Qingzhi, but Qingzhi was not on good terms with Prince Yixia of Jiangxia Liu Yigong and revealed the plot. The emperor executed Yigong, Yuanjing, and others, and made Qingzhi Attendant-in-Ordinary and Grand Commandant. When Prince Chang of Yiyang rebelled, Qingzhi accompanied the emperor across the river and commanded all the armies.
21
帝凶暴日甚，慶之猶盡言諫爭，帝意稍不悅。 及誅何邁，慮慶之不同，量其必至，乃開青溪諸橋以絕之。 慶之果往，不得度而還。 帝又忌之，乃遣其從子攸之齎藥賜死，時年八十。 是歲旦，慶之夢有人以兩疋絹與之，謂曰：「此絹足度。」 寤而謂人曰：「老子今年不免矣。 兩疋，八十尺也，足度，無盈餘矣。」 及死，贈賻甚厚，追贈侍中、太尉如故，給鸞輅轀輬車，前後羽葆、鼓吹，諡曰忠武公。 未及葬，帝敗。 明帝即位，追贈侍中、司空，諡曰襄公。 泰始七年，改封蒼梧郡公。 慶之群從姻戚，由慶之在列位者數十人。
The emperor grew daily more cruel. Qingzhi still remonstrated fully, and the emperor grew somewhat displeased. When He Mai was executed, fearing Qingzhi would not agree and calculating that he would surely come, the emperor opened the Qingxi bridges to cut him off. Qingzhi then did come but could not cross and returned. The emperor also envied him and sent his nephew Youzhi with poison to grant death. He was eighty years old. That New Year's Day Qingzhi dreamed someone gave him two bolts of silk, saying, "This silk is just enough in length. Awakening, he told people, "This old man will not escape this year. Two bolts — eighty feet. enough in length, with no surplus." Upon death, generous funeral gifts were granted. He was posthumously enfeoffed Attendant-in-Ordinary and Grand Commandant as before, given an imperial hearse with carriage and canopy, front and rear feather banners and drums, with the posthumous title Duke Zhongwu. Before burial could take place, the emperor was overthrown. When Emperor Ming ascended the throne, he was posthumously enfeoffed Attendant-in-Ordinary and Minister of Works, with the posthumous title Duke Xiang. In the seventh year of Taishi, his enfeoffment was changed to Duke of Cangwu Commandery. Dozens of Qingzhi's kinsmen by marriage held office through his rank.
22
長子文叔位侍中，慶之之死也，不肯飲藥，攸之以被掩殺之，文叔密取藥藏錄。 或勸文叔逃避，文叔見帝斷截江夏王義恭支體，慮奔亡之日，帝怒，容致義恭之變，乃飲藥自殺。 文叔子昭明位秘書郎，聞父死，曰：「何忍獨生。」 亦自縊死。
His eldest son Wenshu held the post of Attendant-in-Ordinary. At Qingzhi's death Wenshu refused to drink the poison. Youzhi smothered him with a quilt; Wenshu secretly took the drug and preserved a record of it. Some urged Wenshu to flee. Wenshu saw the emperor cut apart Prince Yixia of Jiangxia Liu Yigong limb by limb and feared that if he fled, the emperor's wrath might bring disaster like Yigong's — so he drank the poison and killed himself. Wenshu's son Zhaoming held the post of Secretary. Hearing of his father's death he said, "How can I bear to live alone? He also hanged himself.
23
昭略字茂隆，性狂俊，不事公卿，使酒仗氣，無所推下。 嘗醉，晚日負杖攜家賓子弟至婁湖苑，逢王景文子約，張目視之曰：「汝是王約邪？ 何乃肥而癡。」 約曰：「汝沈昭略邪？ 何乃瘦而狂。」 昭略撫掌大笑曰：「瘦已勝肥，狂又勝癡，奈何王約，奈汝癡何！」
Zhaolue, styled Maolong, was wild and brilliant, deferring to no grandees. He drank freely, relied on his spirit, and bowed to no one. Once when drunk, at late afternoon he shouldered a staff and led household guests and younger kinsmen to the Lou Lake park, where he met Wang Jingwen's son Yue. He stared and said, "Are you Wang Yue? Why are you so fat and stupid? Yue said, "Are you Shen Zhaolue? Why are you so thin and mad? Zhaolue clapped his hands and laughed loudly, "Thin already beats fat, and mad already beats stupid — what can you do, Wang Yue? What can you do about your stupidity!"
24
永元中，與叔父文季俱被召入華林省，茹法珍等進藥酒，昭略怒駡徐孝嗣曰：「廢昏立明，古今令典，宰相無才，致有今日。」 以甌投其面，曰：「使為破面鬼。」 死時言笑自若，了無懼容。 徐孝嗣謂曰：「見卿使人想夏侯泰初。」 答曰：「明府猶憶夏侯，便是方寸不能都豁。 下官見龍逄、比干，欣然相對； 霍光脫問明府今日之事，何辭答之邪？」
In the Yongyuan era he and his uncle Wenji were both summoned into the Hualin Palace; Ru Fazhen and others brought poisoned wine. Zhaolue angrily cursed Xu Xiaosi, "Deposing the wicked and establishing the enlightened is the fine precedent of past and present — yet the chancellor lacked talent and brought about this day. He threw a bowl at his face, saying, "May you become a face-smashing ghost." Facing death he spoke and laughed as if at ease, with no trace of fear. Xu Xiaosi said to him, "Seeing you makes one think of Xiahou Tai Chu. He answered, "Your Excellency still remembers Xiahou — so your heart cannot be entirely open. Your humble servant, seeing Long Feng and Bi Gan, would gladly face them as equals;. If Huo Guang were freed to question you, what words would Your Excellency use to answer him today?"
25
昭略弟昭光聞收兵至，家人勸逃去，昭光不忍舍母，入執母手悲泣，遂見殺。 時昭明子曇亮已得逃去，聞昭光死，乃曰：「家門屠滅，獨用生何為。」 又絕吭而死。 時人歎其累世孝義。 中興元年，贈昭略太常，昭光廷尉。
Zhaolue's younger brother Zhaoguang, hearing arresting troops had come, was urged by his family to flee. Zhaoguang could not bear to leave his mother, entered and grasped her hand weeping, and was then killed. At the time Zhaoming's son Tanliang had already escaped. Hearing of Zhaoguang's death he said, "The household is slaughtered to the last — what use is living alone? He also cut his throat and died. Men of the time praised their generations of filial righteousness. In the first year of Zhongxing, Zhaolue was posthumously enfeoffed Minister of Ceremonies and Zhaoguang Minister of Justice.
26
文季字仲達，文叔弟也。 以寬雅正直見知，尤善塞及彈碁，在宋封山陽縣五等伯，位中書郎。 父慶之遇害，諸子見收，文叔謂之曰：「我能死，爾能報。」 遂自殺。 文季揮刀馳馬去，收者不敢追，遂免。
Wenji, styled Zhongda, was the younger brother of Wenshu. Known for his generous integrity and uprightness, he was especially skilled at go and pitch-pot. Under Song he was enfeoffed Fifth-Rank Baron of Shanyang county and held the post of Secretariat Gentleman. When father Qingzhi was murdered and the sons were arrested, Wenshu told him, "I can die; you can avenge. At that point he killed himself. Wenji waved a blade and galloped away. The arresters did not dare pursue, and he escaped.
27
文季風采棱岸，善於進止，司徒褚彥回當時貴望，頗以門戶裁之。 文季不為之屈。 武帝在東宮，于玄圃宴朝臣，文季數舉酒勸彥回。 彥回甚不平，啟武帝曰：「沈文季謂彥回經為其郡，依然猶有故情。」 文季曰：「惟桑與梓，必恭敬止。 豈如明府亡國失土，不識枌榆。」 遂言及魏軍動事。 彥回曰：「陳顯達、沈文季當今將略，足委以邊事。」 文季諱稱將門，因是發怒，啟武帝曰：「褚彥回遂品藻人流，臣未知其身死之日，何面目見宋明帝。」 武帝笑曰：「沈率醉也。」 中丞劉休舉其事，見原。 後豫章王北宅後堂集會，文季與彥回並善琵琶，酒闌，彥回取樂器為明君曲。 文季便下席大唱曰：「沈文季不能作伎兒。」 豫章王嶷又解之曰：「此故當不損仲容之德。」 彥回顏色無異，終曲而止。
Wenji's bearing was stern and lofty, skilled in deportment. Chu Yanhui, then the most honored man of the age, somewhat measured him by family status. Wenji then did not yield to him. When Emperor Wu was in the Eastern Palace he held a banquet for court ministers in the Mystic Garden. Wenji repeatedly raised his cup to urge Yanhui to drink. Yanhui was greatly displeased and reported to the emperor, "Shen Wenji says Yanhui was once his commandery administrator and still retains old affection. Wenji said, "Only the mulberry and catalpa — one must approach with reverence. How unlike Your Excellency, who lost your state and land and no longer knows your native elm and pine.". At that point the talk turned to Wei army movements. Yanhui said, "Chen Xianda and Shen Wenji are the present masters of strategy — fully fit to be entrusted with frontier affairs. Wenji disliked being called a general's house and grew angry. He reported to the emperor, "Chu Yanhui goes so far as to judge men's character — your servant does not know on the day of his own death with what face he can meet Emperor Ming of Song." The emperor laughed and said, "Shen is simply drunk." Censor Liu Xiu memorialized the matter. Wenji was pardoned. Later at a gathering in the rear hall of the Prince of Yuzhang's northern residence, Wenji and Yanhui were both skilled at the pipa. When the wine had gone around, Yanhui took up the instrument and played the Bright Consort melody. Wenji left his seat and sang loudly, "Shen Wenji cannot play the entertainer. Prince of Yuzhang Jiong also smoothed things over, saying, "This surely does not diminish Zhongrong's virtue." Yanhui's expression did not change. he played to the end and stopped.
28
永明中，累遷領軍將軍。 文季雖不學，發言必有辭采。 武帝謂文季曰：「南士無僕射，多歷年所。」 文季對曰：「南風不競，非復一日。」 當世善其對。
During the Yongming era, he was repeatedly promoted to General of the Palace Attendants. Though Wenji did not study, whenever he spoke his words had literary color. The emperor said to Wenji, "Southern men have gone many years without a Vice Director. Wenji replied, "The southern wind does not prevail — this is no affair of a single day." Men of the time praised his reply.
29
建武二年，魏軍南伐，明帝以為憂，制文季鎮壽春。 文季入，城門嚴加備守。 魏軍尋退，百姓無所損。
In the second year of Jianwu the Wei army marched south to attack. Emperor Ming was troubled and ordered Wenji to garrison Shouyang. Wenji then entered and the city gates were strictly fortified. The Wei army soon withdrew. the common people suffered no harm.
30
永元元年，轉侍中、左僕射。 始安王遙光反，其夜遣於宅掩取文季，欲以為都督，而文季已還台。 明日，與尚書令徐孝嗣共坐南掖門上。 時東昏已行殺戮，孝嗣深懷憂慮，欲與文季論時事，文季輒引以他辭，終不得及。 事甯，加鎮軍將軍，置府史。
In the first year of Yongyuan he was transferred to Attendant-in-Ordinary and Left Vice Director. Once Prince Yao Guang of Shi'an rebelled, that night he sent men to Wenji's residence to seize him, intending to make him grand commander; but Wenji had already returned to the ministry. The next day he sat with Chief Minister Xu Xiaosi on the Southern Side Gate. By then Dong Hun had already begun the slaughter. Xiaosi was deeply troubled and wished to discuss current affairs with Wenji, but Wenji always turned the talk elsewhere and never reached the subject. When the affair was settled he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army and given a headquarters staff.
31
文季以時方昏亂，托老疾不豫朝機。 兄子昭略謂文季曰：「阿父年六十為員外僕射，欲求免乎？」 文季笑而不答，未幾見害。 先被召，便知敗，舉動如常。 登車顧曰：「此行恐往而不反。」 于華林省死，年五十八，朝野冤之。 中興元年，贈司空，諡曰忠憲公。
Wenji, seeing the times were chaotic and corrupt, pleaded old age and illness to avoid court affairs. His nephew Zhaolue said to Wenji, "Uncle, at sixty you are Supernumerary Vice Director — do you wish to be spared? Wenji smiled and did not answer. Before long he was murdered. When first summoned he already knew of defeat. his conduct was as usual. Mounting his carriage he looked back and said, "This journey — I fear I go but do not return. He died in the Hualin Palace at age fifty-eight. Court and commoners alike considered it an injustice. In the first year of Zhongxing he was posthumously enfeoffed Minister of Works with the posthumous title Duke Zhongxian.
32
文秀字仲遠，慶之弟子也。 父邵之，南中郎行參軍。 文秀宋前廢帝時，累遷青州刺史，將之鎮，部曲出次白下。 文秀說慶之以帝狂悖，禍在難測，欲因此眾力圖之。 慶之不從。 及行，慶之果見殺。 又遣直閣江方興領兵誅文秀，未至，而明帝已定亂。 時晉安王子勳據尋陽，文秀與徐州刺史薛安都並同子勳反。 尋陽平定，明帝遣其弟召之，便歸命請罪。 即安本任。
Wenxiu, styled Zhongyuan, was Qingzhi's nephew by blood. His father Shaozhi served as Acting Adjutant in the Southern Central Office. Under the Deposed Emperor of Song Wenxiu was repeatedly promoted to Inspector of Qing Province. Going to his post, his troops encamped at Baixia. Wenxiu urged Qingzhi that the emperor was wildly wicked and disaster was hard to foretell, wishing to use this force to plot against him. Qingzhi then did not consent. Once Wenxiu departed, Qingzhi was indeed murdered. The court also sent Palace Attendant Jiang Fangxing with troops to execute Wenxiu. Before he arrived, Emperor Ming had already settled the turmoil. At the time Prince Zixun of Jin'an held Xunyang. Wenxiu and Xue Andu, Inspector of Xu Province, both joined Zixun in rebellion. When Xunyang was pacified, Emperor Ming sent his younger brother to summon Wenxiu. He at once submitted and pleaded guilty. He became immediately restored to his original post.
33
四年，封新城縣侯。 先是冀州刺史崔道固亦據曆城同反，文秀遣信引魏，魏遣慕容白曜援之。 及至，而文秀已受朝命。 文秀善於撫禦，被魏圍三載無叛者。 五年，為魏所克，終於北。
In the fourth year he was enfeoffed Marquis of Xincheng county. Earlier Inspector of Ji Province Cui Daogu had also held Licheng in rebellion. Wenxiu sent envoys to summon Wei aid, and Wei sent Murong Baizhao to assist. When Baizhao arrived Wenxiu had already accepted the court's appointment. Wenxiu was skilled at comforting and controlling troops. Besieged by Wei for three years, none defected. In the fifth year he was taken by Wei and died in the north.
34
攸之字仲達，慶之從父兄子也。 父叔仁為宋衡陽王義季征西長史，兼行參軍領隊。
Youzhi, styled Zhongda, was the son of Qingzhi's cousin. His father Shuren served as Chief Administrator on the Western Campaigning staff of Prince Yiji of Hengyang and concurrently as Acting Adjutant leading a guard unit.
35
攸之少孤貧，元嘉二十七年，魏軍南攻，朝廷發三吳之眾，攸之亦行。 及至建鄴，詣領軍將軍劉遵考求補白丁隊主。 遵考以為形陋不堪，攸之歎曰：「昔孟嘗君身長六尺為齊相，今求士取肥大者哉。」 因隨慶之征討。
Youzhi was orphaned and poor in youth. In the twenty-seventh year of Yuanjia the Wei army attacked south. The court mobilized the Three Wu regions and Youzhi also went. Upon reaching Jiankang he went to General of the Palace Attendants Liu Zunkao requesting appointment as squad leader of common conscripts. Zunkao thought his appearance ugly and unsuitable. Youzhi sighed, "In old times Lord Mengchang, though only six feet tall, became Chancellor of Qi — do you seek men by size alone? At that point he followed Qingzhi on campaigns.
36
二十九年，征西陽蠻，始補隊主。 巴口建義，授南中郎府板長兼行參軍。 新亭之戰，身被重創，事甯，為太尉行參軍，封平洛縣五等侯。 隨府轉大司馬行參軍。
During the twenty-ninth year, campaigning against the Xiyang tribes, he was first appointed squad leader. At the righteous rising at Bakou he was given provisional appointment as Senior Adjutant in the Southern Central Office with concurrent Acting Adjutant duties. At the battle of Xinting he received grave wounds. When the affair was settled he became Acting Adjutant to the Grand Commandant and was enfeoffed Fifth-Rank Marquis of Pingluo county. He transferred with the headquarters to Acting Adjutant to the Grand Marshal.
37
晉時都下二岸揚州舊置都部從事，分掌二縣非違，永初以後罷省。 孝建三年，復置其職，攸之掌北岸，會稽孔璪掌南岸，後又罷。 攸之遷員外散騎侍郎，又隨慶之征廣陵屢有功，被箭破骨。 孝武以其善戰，配以仇池步矟。 事平當加厚賞，為慶之所抑。 遷太子旅賁中郎，攸之甚恨之。
In Jin times the capital's two riverbanks had a Capital Bureau Attendant under Yang Province to oversee violations in the two counties. After Yongchu this post was abolished. In the third year of Xiaojian it was restored. Youzhi managed the north bank and Kong Zuan of Kuaiji the south bank. Later it was again abolished. Youzhi then was transferred to Supernumerary Gentleman Attendant at Leisure and again followed Qingzhi campaigning at Guangling with repeated merit, an arrow shattering his bone. Xiaowu, because he fought well, paired him with a Qiu Chi infantry lance. When the affair was settled he should have received generous reward but was held back by Qingzhi. He was transferred to Central Palace Guard of the Crown Prince's Rapid Tiger Guard. Youzhi deeply resented this.
38
前廢帝景和元年，除豫章王子尚車騎中兵參軍、直合，與宗越、譚金等並為廢帝所寵。 誅戮群公，攸之等皆為之用命，封東興縣侯。
In the first year of Jinghe of the Deposed Emperor he was appointed Middle Army Adjutant to Prince Zishang of Yuzhang's Chariots and Cavalry and Palace Attendant. With Zong Yue, Tan Jin, and others he was all favored by the Deposed Emperor. In the execution of the grandees Youzhi and the others all obeyed orders. He was enfeoffed Marquis of Dongxing county.
39
明帝即位，以例削封。 尋告宗越、譚金等謀反，復召直合。 會四方反叛，南賊已次近道，以攸之為甯朔將軍、尋陽太守，率軍據虎檻。 時王玄謨為大統未發，前鋒有五軍在虎檻，五軍後又駱驛繼至，每夜各立姓號，不相稟受。 攸之謂軍吏曰：「今眾軍同舉，而姓號不同，若有耕夫漁父夜相呵叱，便致駭亂，此敗道也。 請就一軍取號。」 眾咸從之。
When Emperor Ming ascended the throne, his enfeoffment was reduced by precedent. Soon he reported Zong Yue, Tan Jin, and others for plotting rebellion and was again recalled as Palace Attendant. Once rebellion broke out on all sides and southern rebels had nearly reached the road, Youzhi was made General Who Pacifies the North and Administrator of Xunyang, leading troops to hold Tiger Cage. Wang Xuamo was grand commander but had not yet set out. The vanguard had five armies at Tiger Cage, and after the five armies more troops arrived in rapid succession. Each night they set up their own surnames and titles without reporting to one another. Youzhi told the army clerks, "Now all armies rise together yet bear different names and titles — if a farmer or fisherman shouted at night it would cause panic. This is the road to defeat. Please take one army's name for all.". Everyone agreed.
40
殷孝祖為前鋒都督，大失人情，攸之內撫將士，外諧群帥，眾並安之。 時殷孝祖中流矢死，軍主範潛率五百人投賊，人情震駭，並謂攸之宜代孝祖為統。 時建安王休仁屯虎檻，總統眾軍，聞孝祖死，遣甯朔將軍江方興、龍驤將軍劉靈遺各率三千人赴赭圻。 攸之以為孝祖既死，賊有乘勝之心，明日若不更攻，則示之以弱。 方興名位相亞，必不為己下，軍政不一，致敗之由，乃率諸軍主詣方興推重，並慰勉之，方興甚悅。 攸之既出，諸軍主並尤之。 攸之曰：「卿忘廉藺、寇賈事邪？ 吾本以濟國活家，豈計此之升降。」 明旦進戰，自寅訖午，大破賊於赭圻。 尋進號輔國將軍，代孝祖督前鋒諸軍事。 薛常保等在赭圻食盡，南賊大帥劉胡屯濃湖，以囊盛米系流查及船腹，陽覆船，順風流下，以餉赭圻。 攸之疑其有異，遣人取船及流查，大得囊米，尋克赭圻。
Yin Xiaozu was vanguard commander and greatly lost men's hearts. Youzhi comforted troops within and harmonized with commanders without, and all were reassured. When Xiaozu was struck by a stray arrow and died, army commander Fan Qian led five hundred men to defect to the rebels. Men's hearts were shaken and all said Youzhi ought to replace Xiaozu as commander. Prince Xiuren of Jian'an was encamped at Tiger Cage commanding all armies. Hearing of Xiaozu's death he sent General Who Pacifies the North Jiang Fangxing and Dragon Cavalry General Liu Lingyi each with three thousand men to Zhuzhi. Youzhi thought that with Xiaozu dead the rebels would have the mind to press their advantage. If they did not attack again tomorrow it would show weakness. Fangxing's name and rank were nearly equal and he would surely not serve under Youzhi. Divided military authority was the cause of defeat — so he led all army commanders to Fangxing to honor and encourage him. Fangxing was greatly pleased. Once Youzhi had gone out all the army commanders blamed him. Youzhi said, "Have you forgotten Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Kou Xun and Jia Fu? I originally meant to save the state and preserve the household — how could I calculate such rise and fall? The next morning they advanced to battle. From the hour of Yin to the hour of Wu they crushed the rebels at Zhuzhi. Before long he was promoted to General Who Assists the State and replaced Xiaozu as commander of vanguard affairs. Xue Changbao and others at Zhuzhi ran out of food. The great southern rebel commander Liu Hu was encamped at Nong Lake, tying bags of rice to floating logs and ship bellies, capsizing boats to drift them downwind to supply Zhuzhi. Youzhi then suspected something odd, sent men to take the boats and floating logs, obtained great quantities of bagged rice, and soon took Zhuzhi.
41
遷甯蠻校尉、雍州刺史，加都督。 袁顗復率大眾來入鵲尾，相持既久，軍主張興世越鵲尾上據錢溪，劉胡自攻之。 攸之率諸將攻濃湖。 錢溪信至大破賊，攸之悉以錢溪所送胡軍耳鼻示之。 顗駭懼，急追胡還。 攸之諸軍悉力進攻，多所斬獲，胡於是棄眾而奔，顗亦奔走。 赭圻、濃湖之平也，賊軍委棄資財，珍貨山積，諸軍各競收斂，唯攸之、張興世約勒所部，不犯毫芥，諸將以此多之。 攸之進平尋陽，遷中領軍，封貞陽縣公。 時劉遵考為光祿大夫，攸之在御坐謂遵考曰：「形陋之人今何如？」 帝問之，攸之依實對，帝大笑。
He became transferred to Commandant Who Pacifies the Tribes, Inspector of Yong Province, with grand command. Yuan Yan again led a great host into Quewei. After a long stalemate army commander Zhang Xingshi crossed above Quewei and held Qianxi. Liu Hu came himself to attack. Youzhi then led the generals to attack Nong Lake. When word came from Qianxi of great victory over the rebels Youzhi displayed to them all the ears and noses of Hu's troops sent from Qianxi. Yan was terrified and urgently recalled Hu. Youzhi's armies pressed the attack with all strength, killing and capturing many. Hu then abandoned his host and fled, and Yan also fled. At the pacification of Zhuzhi and Nong Lake the rebel armies abandoned wealth and precious goods piled like mountains. Each army competed to gather them, but only Youzhi and Zhang Xingshi restrained their troops from touching the slightest thing — the generals therefore praised them. Youzhi then advanced to pacify Xunyang and was transferred to Central Palace Attendant, enfeoffed Duke of Zhenyang county. At the time Liu Zunkao was Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. Youzhi in the imperial presence said to Zunkao, "How is the ugly man now? The emperor then asked; Youzhi answered truthfully and the emperor laughed heartily.
42
累遷郢州刺史，為政刻暴，或鞭士大夫。 上佐以下有忤意，輒面加詈辱。 而曉達吏事，自強不息，士庶畏憚，人莫敢欺。 聞有猛獸，輒自圍捕，往無不得，一日或得兩三。 若逼暮不禽，則宿昔圍守。 賦斂嚴苦，徵發無度，繕修船舸，營造器甲。 自至夏口，便有異圖。 進監豫、司之二郡軍事，進號鎮軍將軍。
He was repeatedly promoted to Inspector of Ying Province. His governance was harsh and cruel, sometimes flogging scholar-officials. Subordinates who displeased him he would face and revile. Yet he understood administrative affairs and strove without ceasing. Gentry and commoners feared him and none dared deceive him. Hearing of fierce beasts he would personally surround and capture them. He never failed, sometimes taking two or three in a day. If by evening he had not taken one he would camp overnight in siege. Taxes were harsh and levies endless. He repaired ships and forged armor. From the time he reached Xiakou he already harbored other designs. He became promoted to supervise military affairs of Yu and Si provinces and promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army.
43
江州刺史桂陽王休範密有異志，欲以微旨動攸之，使道士陳公昭作天公書一函，題言沈丞相，送攸之門者。 攸之不開書，推撿得公昭，送之朝廷。 後廢帝元徽二年，休範舉兵襲都，攸之謂僚佐曰：「桂陽今逼朝廷，必聲言吾與之同，若不顛沛勤王，必增朝野之惑。」 於是遣使受郢州刺史晉熙王燮節度。 會休范平，使乃還。 進號征西大將軍、開府儀同三司，固讓開府。 攸之自擅閫外，朝廷疑憚之，累欲征入，慮不受命，乃止。
Inspector of Jiang Province Prince Xiufan of Guiyang secretly harbored other designs and wished to move Youzhi with subtle hints. He had a Daoist Chen Gongzhao make a letter from the Heavenly Lord in one case addressed to Chancellor Shen and sent it to Youzhi's gate. Youzhi then did not open the letter but traced and seized Gongzhao and sent him to the court. In the second year of Yuanhui of the Deposed Emperor Xiufan raised troops and struck the capital. Youzhi told his staff, "Guiyang now presses the court and will surely claim I am with him — if I do not rush to aid the throne in crisis it will only increase court and common confusion. At that point he sent envoys to accept the command of Inspector of Ying Province Prince Xie of Jinxi. When Xiufan was pacified the envoys returned. He became promoted to Grand General of the Western Campaign, privilege equal to the Three Dukes, firmly declining the privilege. Youzhi acted on his own authority beyond the gate. The court suspected and feared him and repeatedly wished to summon him in, fearing he would not obey and therefore stopped.
44
四年，建平王景素據京城反，攸之復應朝廷，景素尋平。 時有台直合高道慶家在江陵，攸之初至州，道慶在家，牒其親戚十餘人，求州從事西曹，攸之為用三人。 道慶大怒，自入州取教毀之而去。 道慶素便馬，攸之與宴飲於聽事前，合馬槊，道慶槊中攸之馬鞍，攸之怒索刃槊，道慶馳馬而出。 還都說攸之反狀，請三千人襲之。 朝議慮其事難濟，高帝又保持不許。 楊運長等常相疑畏，乃與道慶密遣刺客齎廢帝手詔，以金餅賜攸之，州府佐吏進其階級。 時有象三頭至江陵城北數里，攸之自出格殺之，忽有流矢集攸之馬鄣泥，其後刺客事發。 廢帝既殞，順帝即位，加攸之車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 齊高帝遣攸之子司徒左長史元琰齎廢帝刳斮之具以示之，攸之曰：「吾甯為王淩死，不作賈充生。」 尚未得即起兵，乃上表稱慶，並與齊高帝書推功。
In the fourth year Prince Jingsu of Jianping rebelled holding the capital. Youzhi again responded to the court and Jingsu was soon pacified. At the time Palace Attendant Gao Daoqing's family was in Jiangling. When Youzhi first arrived at the province Daoqing was at home and petitioned for more than ten kinsmen as Western Bureau staff. Youzhi employed three. Daoqing was furious, entered the province himself, took the commission and tore it up and left. Daoqing was skilled at horsemanship. Youzhi joined him in drinking before the audience hall and they matched with cavalry lances. Daoqing's lance struck Youzhi's saddle and Youzhi angrily demanded a blade-lance. Daoqing galloped out. Returning to the capital he reported Youzhi's rebellious conduct and requested three thousand men to attack him. Court deliberation feared the affair could not succeed; Emperor Gao also restrained and did not permit it. Yang Yunchang and others constantly suspected and feared him. They secretly sent assassins with the Deposed Emperor's handwritten edict, granting Youzhi gold cakes and promoting his provincial staff in rank. At the time three elephants came to several li north of Jiangling city. Youzhi went out himself and killed them. Suddenly a stray arrow struck Youzhi's saddle mud-guard. Afterward the assassin affair was exposed. After the Deposed Emperor died and Emperor Shun ascended the throne, Youzhi was promoted to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, privilege equal to the Three Dukes. Emperor Gao of Qi sent Youzhi's son Left Chief Clerk of the Ministry of Works Yuan Yan bearing the Deposed Emperor's dismemberment implements to show him. Youzhi said, "I would rather die like Wang Ling than live like Jia Chong. Not yet able to rise immediately he memorialized congratulations and in a letter to Emperor Gao of Qi attributed merit to him.
45
攸之有素書十數行，常韜在兩襠角，雲是宋明帝與己約誓。 又皇太后使至，賜攸之燭十挺，割之得太后手令，曰：「國家之事，一以委公」。 明日，遂舉兵。 其妾崔氏、許氏諫曰：「官年已老，那不為百口作計。」 攸之指兩襠角示之。
Youzhi then had a plain letter of ten-odd lines always hidden in the corners of his trousers, saying it was Emperor Ming of Song's covenant with him. Also an empress dowager envoy came granting Youzhi ten candles of wax. Cutting them he obtained the empress dowager's handwritten order saying, "Affairs of state — all are entrusted to you." The following day he rose in rebellion. His concubines Lady Cui and Lady Xu remonstrated, "You are already old — ought you not plan for the lives of your household? Youzhi pointed to the corners of his trousers and showed them the covenant.
46
攸之素畜士馬，資用豐積，至是戰士十萬，鐵馬三千。 將發江陵，使沙門釋僧粲筮之，云：「不至都，當自郢州回還。」
Youzhi had long kept soldiers and horses and amassed abundant supplies. By now he had a hundred thousand warriors and three thousand armored horses. About to depart from Jiangling he had the monk Shi Sengcan cast a divination, who said, "You will not reach the capital — you will turn back from Ying Province."
47
意甚不悅。 初發江津，有氣狀如塵霧從西北來，正蓋軍上。 齊高帝遣眾軍西討，攸之盡銳攻郢州，行事柳世隆屢破之。 升明二年，還向江陵，未至，城已為雍州刺史張敬兒所據，無所歸，乃與第三子中書侍郎文和至華容之賞頭林，投州吏家。 此吏嘗為攸之所鞭，待攸之甚厚，不以往罰為怨，殺豚薦食。 既而村人欲取之，攸之于櫟林與文和俱自經死，村人斬首送之都。 或割其腹，心有五竅。 征西主簿苟昭先以家財葬攸之。
He became greatly displeased. When first setting out from Jiangjin a vapor like dust and mist came from the northwest, covering the army directly overhead. Emperor Gao of Qi sent armies west to attack. Youzhi brought his full strength against Ying Province and was repeatedly defeated by Acting Administrator Liu Shilong. In the second year of Shengming he turned back toward Jiangling. Before he arrived the city had already been taken by Inspector of Yong Province Zhang Jinger and he had nowhere to go. He went with his third son, Secretariat Gentleman Wenhe, to Shangtou Forest in Huarong and sought refuge in a district clerk's home. This clerk had once been flogged by Youzhi yet treated him very generously, not resenting the past punishment, and slaughtered a pig to offer food. Before long the villagers wished to seize him. Youzhi and Wenhe both hanged themselves in the oak grove, and the villagers cut off their heads and sent them to the capital. Some cut open his belly and found his heart had five openings. Western Campaigning Chief Clerk Gou Zhaoxian buried Youzhi at his own family's expense.
48
攸之晚好讀書，手不釋卷，史、漢事多所記憶。 常歎曰：「早知窮達有命，恨不十年讀書。」 及攻郢城，夜嘗風浪，米船沈沒。 倉曹參軍崔靈鳳女先適柳世隆子，攸之正色謂曰：「當今軍糧要急，而卿不以在意，由與城內婚姻邪。」 靈鳳答曰：「樂廣有言，下官豈以五男易一女。」 攸之歡然意解。
In his later years Youzhi loved reading and never put books down. He remembered much from the Records and the History. He often sighed, "Had I known early that success and failure have fate, I would regret not having read books for ten years. When attacking Ying city one night there were wind and waves and the rice boats sank. Granary Adjutant Cui Lingfeng's daughter had earlier married Liu Shilong's son. Youzhi said sternly, "Military grain is urgent now — yet you pay it no mind. Is it because of marriage ties inside the city? Lingfeng answered, "As Yue Guang said — would your humble servant trade five sons for one daughter?" Youzhi then was pleased and his anger dissolved.
49
攸之招集才力之士，隨郡人雙泰真有幹力，召不肯來。 攸之遣二十人被甲追之，泰真射殺數人，欲過家將母去，事迫不獲，單身走入蠻。 追者既失之，錄其母去。 泰真既失母，乃自歸，攸之不罪，曰：「此孝子也。」 賜錢一萬，轉補隊主，其抑情待士如此。
Youzhi gathered men of talent and strength. Shuang Taizhen of Sui Commandery had ability but when summoned would not come. Youzhi sent twenty men in armor to pursue him. Taizhen shot and killed several, wished to pass home to take his mother but urgency prevented it, and he fled alone into the tribal lands. The pursuers, having lost him, took his mother away. Taizhen, having lost his mother, then returned of himself. Youzhi did not punish him and said, "This is a filial son. He granted ten thousand cash and transferred him to squad leader, such was his restraint in treating men of worth.
50
初，攸之賤時，與吳郡孫超之、全景文共乘一小船出都，三人共上引埭，有一人止而相之，曰：「君三人皆當至方伯。」 攸之曰：「豈有是事。」 相者曰：「不驗，便是相書誤耳。」 後攸之為郢、荊二州，超之廣州刺史，景文南豫州刺史。 景文字弘達，齊永明中，卒于光祿大夫。
Initially when Youzhi was lowly he shared a small boat leaving the capital with Sun Chaozhi of Wu Commandery and Quan Jingwen. The three together went up the Yin Embankment and a man stopped and read their faces, saying, "You three will all reach regional lord rank. Youzhi said, "How could such a thing be?" The face-reader said, "If it is not verified, then my book of physiognomy is wrong." Later Youzhi held Ying and Jing provinces, Chaozhi became Inspector of Guang Province, and Jingwen Inspector of Southern Yu Province. Jingwen, styled Hongda, died under Qi Yongming as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.
51
攸之初至郢州，有順流之志，府主簿宗儼之勸攻郢城。 功曹臧寅以為攻守勢異，非旬日所拔，若不時舉，挫銳損威，攸之不從。 既敗，諸將帥皆奔散，或呼寅俱亡。 寅曰：「我委質事人，豈可幸其成而責其敗。」 乃投水死。 又倉曹參軍金城邊榮為府錄事所辱，攸之為榮鞭殺錄事。 攸之自江陵下，以榮為留府司馬守城。 張敬兒將至，人或說之使詣敬兒降。 榮曰：「受沈公厚恩，一朝緩急，便改易本心，不能也。」 城敗見敬兒，敬兒問曰：「邊公何為同人作賊，不早來。」 榮曰：「沈荊州舉義兵，匡社稷，身雖可滅，要是宋世忠臣。 天下尚有直言之士，不可謂之為賊。 身本不蘄生，何須見問。」 敬兒曰：「死何難。」 命斬之，榮歡笑而去，容無異色。 泰山程邕之者，素依隨榮，至是抱持榮謂敬兒曰：「君入人國，不聞仁惠之聲，而先戮義士，三楚之人，甯蹈江、漢而死，豈肯與將軍同日以生。」 敬兒曰：「求死甚易，何為不許。」 先殺邕之然後及榮，三軍莫不垂泣，曰：「奈何一日殺二義士。」 比之臧洪及陳容。
When Youzhi first reached Ying Province he had the mind to go downstream. Headquarters Chief Clerk Zong Yanzhi urged attacking Ying city. Merits Officer Zang Yin thought attack and defense positions differed and the city could not be taken in ten days. If not raised in time, sharpness would be blunted and prestige damaged — Youzhi did not listen. Once defeated the generals all fled and scattered. Some called Yin to flee with them. Yin said, "I have entrusted my person to serve another — how can I rejoice in his success yet blame his failure? At that point he threw himself into the water and died. Also Granary Adjutant Bian Rong of Jincheng was insulted by the headquarters recorder. Youzhi flogged and killed the recorder for Rong's sake. When Youzhi went downstream from Jiangling he made Rong headquarters major to hold the city. When Zhang Jinger was about to arrive some urged Rong to go to Jinger and surrender. Rong said, "I received great favor from Master Shen — at a moment of urgency to change my heart I cannot. When the city fell he saw Jinger. Jinger asked, "Why did Lord Bian join others as a rebel and not come earlier?" Rong said, "Inspector Shen of Jing raised righteous troops to restore the altars of state. Though his person may be destroyed, he was nonetheless a loyal minister of the Song. The realm still has men who speak straight, he cannot be called a rebel. I originally did not seek life — why need you ask?" Jinger said, "Death is not hard." He ordered execution. Rong went smiling, his bearing unchanged. Cheng Yongzhi of Mount Tai had long relied on Rong. Now he embraced Rong and told Jinger, "You enter another's state and before we hear the sound of benevolence you first execute a man of righteousness — the people of the Three Chu regions would rather throw themselves into the Yangtze and Han and die than live one day with the general. Jinger said, "Seeking death is very easy — why not permit it?" He first killed Yongzhi and then Rong. The whole army wept and said, "How can one day kill two men of righteousness?" Later generations compared them to Zang Hong and Chen Rong.
52
廢帝之殞，攸之欲起兵，問知星人葛珂之。 珂之曰：「起兵皆候太白，太白見則成，伏則敗。 昔桂陽乙太白伏時舉兵，一戰授首，此近世明驗。 今蕭公廢昏立明，正逢太白伏時，此與天合也。 且太白尋出東方利用兵，西方不利。」 故攸之止不下。 及後舉兵，珂之又曰：「今歲星守南斗，其國不可伐。」 攸之不從，果敗。
When the Deposed Emperor died Youzhi wished to raise troops and asked the star-knowing man Ge Kezhi. Kezhi said, "Raising troops all depend on the Great White Star — when the Great White appears it succeeds, when it hides it fails. In old times when Guiyang rose at the time the Great White was hidden, one battle and he lost his head, this is a clear recent verification. Now Lord Xiao deposed the wicked and established the enlightened, exactly when the Great White is hidden, this accords with Heaven. Moreover the Great White will soon emerge in the east where troops are favorable. the west is unfavorable. Therefore Youzhi stopped and did not go downstream. When later he raised troops Kezhi again said, "This year the Year Star guards the Southern Dipper — that state cannot be attacked. Youzhi then did not listen and indeed was defeated.
53
攸之表檄文疏，皆其記室南陽宗儼之辭也，事敗責之，答曰：「士為知己，豈為君輩所識。」 遂伏誅。
Youzhi's memorials, proclamations, and documents were all the words of his secretary Zong Yanzhi of Nanyang. When the affair failed Youzhi blamed him and he answered, "A gentleman serves a knowing master — how could he be known by the likes of you? At that point he was executed.
54
攸之景和中與齊高帝同直殿省，申以歡好，帝以長女義興憲公主妻攸之第三子文和，生二女，並養之宮中，恩禮甚厚，及嫁皆得素舊，公家營遣焉。 齊武帝制以攸之弟雍之孫僧昭為義興公主後。
In Jinghe Youzhi and Emperor Gao of Qi shared duty in the palace hall and deepened their friendship. The emperor married his eldest daughter Princess Xian of Yixing to Youzhi's third son Wenhe. Two daughters were born and both were raised in the palace with great favor. When they married they all received old ties and the public household provided their dowries. Emperor Wu of Qi decreed that Youzhi's younger brother Yongzhi's grandson Sengzhao be made heir to Princess Yixing.
55
僧昭別名法朗，少事天師道士，常以甲子及甲午日，夜著黃巾衣褐醮於私室。 時記人吉凶，頗有應驗。 自雲為泰山錄事，幽司中有所收錄，必僧昭署名。 中年為山陰縣。
Sengzhao, alias Falang, in youth served Celestial Master Daoist priests. On the days jiazi and jiawu at night he wore yellow headcloth and brown robes to perform rites in his private chamber. At the time he recorded men's fortunes and misfortunes and often had verified results. He claimed himself to be a Mount Tai clerk. In the dark bureau whatever was recorded he must sign Sengzhao's name. In middle age he served as magistrate of Shanyin county.
56
梁武陵王紀為會稽太守，宴坐池亭，蛙鳴聒耳。 王曰：「殊廢絲竹之聽。」 僧昭咒厭十許口便息。 及日晚，王又曰：「欲其復鳴。」 僧昭曰：「王歡已闌，今恣汝鳴。」 即便喧聒。 又嘗校獵，中道而還，左右問其故，答曰：「國家有邊事，須還處分。」 問何以知之，曰：「向聞南山虎嘯知耳。」 俄而使至。 復謂人曰：「吾昔為幽司所使，實為煩碎，今已自解。」 乃開匣出黃紙書，上有一大字，字不可識。 曰：「教分判如此。」
Prince Ji of Wuling of Liang was Administrator of Kuaiji and sat feasting in a pool pavilion. Frogs croaked loudly in the ear. The prince said, "This truly wastes the listening for silk and bamboo. Sengzhao chanted a curse and after ten-odd breaths they ceased. When evening came the prince again said, "I wish them to croak again. Sengzhao said, "Your Highness's pleasure is ended — now let you croak freely." At once they clamored again. Also once on a hunt he turned back midway. Attendants asked the reason and he answered, "The state has frontier affairs and I must return to handle them. Asked how he knew he said, "Just now hearing the southern mountain tiger roar I knew." Before long a messenger arrived. Again he told people, "I was formerly made envoy by the dark bureau and it was truly tedious. Now I have released myself. Thereupon he opened a box and took out yellow paper with writing. On it was one large character that could not be recognized. He said, "The instruction was to divide judgment thus."
57
及太清初，謂親知曰：「明年海內喪亂，生靈十不一存。」 乃苦求東歸。 既不獲許，及亂，百口皆殲。 僧昭位廷尉卿，太清三年卒。
At the beginning of Taichu he told close acquaintances, "Next year within the seas there will be chaos and disorder. Of the living not one in ten will remain. At that point he bitterly sought to return east. Once permission was not granted, when the turmoil came his hundred mouths were all exterminated. Sengzhao held the post of Minister of Justice and died in the third year of Taiqing.
58
宗愨字元幹，南陽涅陽人也。 叔父少文高尚不仕，愨年少，問其所志，愨答曰：「願乘長風破萬里浪。」 少文曰：「汝若不富貴，必破我門戶。」 兄泌娶妻，始入門夜被劫，愨年十四，挺身與劫相拒，十餘人皆披散，不得入室。 時天下無事，士人並以文義為業，少文既高尚，諸子群從皆愛好墳典，而愨任氣好武，故不為鄉曲所知。
Zong Que, styled Yuangan, came from Nieyang in Nanyang commandery. His uncle Shaowen was lofty and did not take office. When Que was young he asked his ambition and Que answered, "I wish to ride the long wind and break ten thousand li of waves. Shaowen said, "If you do not become rich and honored you will surely ruin my household." When elder brother Mi married, on the first night of entering the gate they were robbed. Que at fourteen stepped forward and resisted the robbers — more than ten men were scattered and could not enter the room. At the time the realm was at peace and gentlemen all took literary studies as their profession. Shaowen being lofty, his sons and kinsmen all loved the classics, but Que relied on spirit and loved martial affairs — therefore he was not known in the village.
59
江夏王義恭為征北將軍、南兗州刺史，愨隨鎮廣陵。 時從兄綺為征北府主簿，與愨同住，綺妾與給吏牛泰私通，綺入直，而泰潛來就綺妾。 愨知之，入殺牛泰然後白綺。 義恭壯其意，不罪也。 後以補國上軍將軍。
Prince Yigong of Jiangxia was General Who Campaigns North and Inspector of Southern Yan Province. Que followed the garrison at Guangling. At the time cousin Qi was chief clerk of the Northern Campaigning headquarters and lived with Que. Qi's concubine had a private affair with the supply clerk Niu Tai. Qi entered duty and Tai secretly came to Qi's concubine. Que knew of it, entered and killed Tai, then reported to Qi. Yigong admired his spirit and did not punish him. Afterward he was appointed Supplementary General of the Upper Army of the State.
60
元嘉二十二年，伐林邑，愨自奮願行，義恭舉愨有膽勇，乃除振武將軍，為安西參軍蕭景憲軍副。 隨交州刺史檀和之圍區粟城。 林邑遣將范毗沙達來救區粟，和之遣偏軍拒之，為賊所敗。 又遣愨，愨乃分軍為數道，偃旗潛進討破之，仍攻拔區粟，入象浦。 林邑王范陽邁傾國來逆，以具裝被象，前後無際。 愨以為外國有師子威服百獸，乃制其形與象相禦，象果驚奔，眾因此潰亂，遂克林邑。 收其珍異，皆是未名之寶，其餘雜物不可稱計。 愨一毫無犯，唯有被梳枕刷，此外蕭然。 文帝甚嘉之。
In the twenty-second year of Yuanjia, campaigning against Lin Yi, Que volunteered eagerly. Yigong recommended Que for courage and appointed him General Who Rouses Might as deputy to Western Campaigning Adjutant Xiao Jingxian. He followed Inspector of Jiao Province Tan Hezhi in besieging Qu Su city. Lin Yi sent General Fan Pisha to rescue Qu Su. Hezhi sent a detached force to resist and was defeated by the enemy. He again sent Que. Que divided the army into several routes, lowered banners and secretly advanced in attack and broke them, then assaulted and took Qu Su and entered Elephant Ford. King Fanyang Mai of Lin Yi brought the whole state to oppose them, with armored elephants front and back without end. Que thought foreign lands had lions that awe a hundred beasts. He made their form to oppose the elephants and the elephants indeed fled in panic. The host therefore collapsed in disorder and Lin Yi was taken. They collected rare treasures, all nameless gems. The rest of the miscellaneous goods cannot be counted. Que took not the slightest for himself — only a quilt, comb, pillow, and brush. Beyond that he was bare. Emperor Wen praised this highly.
61
三十年，孝武伐逆，以愨為南中郎諮議參軍，領中兵。 及事平，功次柳元景。
During the thirtieth year, when Xiaowu punished the rebel, Que was made Advisory Adjutant of the Southern Central Office leading the middle army. When the affair was settled his merit ranked second only to Liu Yuanjing.
62
大明三年，竟陵王誕據廣陵反，愨表求赴討，乘驛詣都，面受節度。 上停輿慰勉，愨聳躍數十，左右顧眄，上壯之。 及行，隸車騎大將軍沈慶之。 初，誕誑其眾云：「宗愨助我。」 及愨至，躍馬繞城呼曰：「我宗愨也。」 事平，入為左衛將軍。
In the third year of Daming, Prince Dan of Jingling rebelled holding Guangling. Que memorialized requesting to go suppress him, rode post relay to the capital, and received command in person. The emperor stopped his carriage to encourage him. Que leaped several times, looking left and right, and the emperor admired his vigor. When he marched he served under Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry Shen Qingzhi. Initially Dan deceived his troops, saying, "Zong Que assists me. When Que arrived he galloped around the walls calling, "I am Zong Que!" When the affair was settled he entered court as General of the Left Guard.
63
五年，從獵墮馬腳折，不堪朝直，以為光祿大夫，加金章紫綬。 有佳牛堪進禦，官買不肯賣，坐免官。 明年復先職。
In the fifth year, following a hunt he fell from his horse and broke his leg and could no longer attend court duty. He was made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with golden seal and purple sash. He had an excellent ox fit to present to the emperor. When officials came to buy it he would not sell and was dismissed from office. The following year he was restored to his former post.
64
廢帝即位，為甯蠻校尉、雍州刺史，加都督。 卒，贈征西將軍，諡曰肅侯，配食孝武廟庭。 子羅雲，卒，子元寶嗣。
When the Deposed Emperor ascended the throne he was made Commandant Who Pacifies the Tribes, Inspector of Yong Province, with grand command. He died and was posthumously enfeoffed General of the Western Campaign with the posthumous title Marquis Su, granted sacrifice in Emperor Xiaowu's temple hall. His son Luoyun died; his son Yuanbao succeeded.
65
愨從子夬字明揚，祖少文，名列隱逸傳。 父繁，西中郎諮議參軍。
Que's cousin's son Guai, styled Mingyang, had as grandfather Shaowen, who is listed in the Biographies of Recluses. His father Fan served as Advisory Adjutant of the Western Central Office.
66
梁武帝起兵，遷西中郎諮議。 時西土位望，唯夬與同郡樂藹、劉坦為州人所推服，故領軍蕭穎胄深相委仗。 武帝受禪，曆太子右衛率，五兵尚書，參掌大選。 天監三年卒。 子曜卿。
When Emperor Wu of Liang raised troops Guai was transferred to Advisory Adjutant of the Western Central Office. At the time among western gentry of rank and repute only Guai, with Le Ai and Liu Tan of the same commandery, were trusted by the people of the province. Therefore Director of Palace Attendants Xiao Yingmao deeply entrusted them. When the emperor received the abdication Guai successively held Right Guard of the Crown Prince, Minister of the Five Armies, and shared in grand selection of officials. He died in the third year of Tianjian. His son was Yaoging.