1
列傳第二十九
Biography 29
2
殷孝祖劉勉
Yin Xiaozu and Liu Mian
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明帝初即位，四方反叛，孝祖外甥司徒參軍潁川荀僧韶建議銜命征孝祖入朝，上遣之。 時徐州刺史薛安都遣薛索兒等屯據津徑，僧韶間行得至，說孝祖曰：「景和凶狂，開闢未有，朝野憂危，假命漏刻。 主上曾不浹辰，夷凶翦暴。 國亂朝危，宜立長主，公卿百辟，人無異議。 而群迷相扇，構造無端，貪利幼弱，競懷希幸。 舅少有立功之志，長以氣節成名，若能控濟、河義勇，還奉朝廷，非唯匡主靜亂，乃可以垂名竹帛。」 孝祖即日棄妻子，率文武二千人隨僧韶還都。 時普天同逆，朝廷唯保丹陽一郡。 孝祖忽至，眾力不少，人情於是大安。 進孝祖號冠軍將軍、假節、督前鋒諸軍事。 禦仗先有諸葛亮筒袖鎧、鐵帽，二十五石弩射之不能入，上悉以賜孝祖。 孝祖負其誠節，陵轢諸將。 時賊據赭圻，孝祖將進攻之，與大將王玄謨別，悲不自勝，眾並駭怪。
Soon after Emperor Ming acceded, rebellions broke out on all sides. Xiaozu's nephew Xun Sengshao of Yingchuan, a clerk on the Masters of Writing staff, proposed that he be entrusted with orders summoning Xiaozu to the capital, and the emperor dispatched him. The Inspector of Xuzhou, Xue Andu, had posted Xue Suo'er and others to hold the river crossings. Sengshao made his way through in secret and reached Xiaozu, saying: "The Jinghe reign was savage and reckless beyond anything since the dynasty's founding; court and countryside alike were in peril, and the throne survived only from moment to moment. Our sovereign, in less than a single day, crushed the wicked and ended the violence. In national chaos and court crisis, a mature ruler ought to have been enthroned, and among the ministers and officials no one disagreed. Yet the deluded stirred one another on, inventing baseless schemes, greedy for advantage from a child on the throne, each nursing empty hopes. Uncle, you have cherished the will to achieve merit since youth and are famed for integrity; if you can rally the loyal volunteers along the Ji and Yellow rivers and return to serve the court, you will not only restore the sovereign and quell disorder—you may win a name that endures in the annals. That very day Xiaozu left wife and children behind and led two thousand civil and military followers back to the capital with Sengshao. At the time the whole realm had turned rebel, and the court retained only the commandery of Danyang. When Xiaozu arrived unexpectedly, his troops were a substantial reinforcement, and popular feeling was greatly reassured. Xiaozu was promoted to General Who Conquers the Champions, granted credential staff, and made superintendent of the vanguard armies. The imperial armory held sleeve-armors and iron caps said to be of Zhuge Liang's pattern; even a twenty-five-stone crossbow could not pierce them, and the emperor gave them all to Xiaozu. Confident in his loyal resolve, Xiaozu treated the other generals with contempt. The rebels then held Zhixu, and as Xiaozu was about to advance against them he took leave of the supreme commander Wang Xuemo, overcome with grief to the point of collapse; the whole army was astonished.
4
泰始二年三月三日，與賊合戰，每戰，常以鼓蓋自隨。 軍中人相謂曰：「殷統軍可謂死將矣，今與賊交鋒，而以羽儀自標顯，若射者十手攢射，欲不斃得乎。」 是日中流矢死。 追贈建安縣侯，諡曰忠。
On the third day of the third month in the second year of Taishi, he engaged the enemy in battle, and in every clash he always had drum canopies carried before him. Men in the ranks said to one another: "Commander Yin is surely a dead man—he fights the enemy while displaying all his ceremonial banners; if ten archers loosed at once, how could he fail to fall? That same day he was killed by a stray arrow. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Jian'an, with the posthumous title Loyal.
5
琰字敬瑉，孝祖族子也。 父道鸞，宋衡陽王義季右軍長史。
Yin Yan, courtesy name Jingmin, was a clansman of Xiaozu. His father Dao Luan had served as Right Army Chief Clerk to Prince Hengyang Yiji of Song.
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琰性和雅靜素，寡嗜欲，諳前世舊事。 事兄甚謹，少以名行見稱。 在壽陽被攻圍積時，為城內所懷附。 揚州刺史王景文、征西將軍蔡興宗、司空褚彥回並相與友善。
Yan was refined, gentle, and plain by nature, with few desires, and was well versed in the affairs of earlier ages. He served his elder brother with scrupulous respect and was praised from youth for his reputation and conduct. During the long siege of Shouyang, the people within the walls came to rely on him. Wang Jingwen, Inspector of Yangzhou; Cai Xingzong, General Who Conquers the West; and Chu Yanhui, Minister of Works—all were on friendly terms with him.
7
劉勉字伯猷，彭城安上里人也。 祖懷義，父穎之，位並郡守。
Liu Mian, courtesy name Boyou, came from Anshang Lane in Pengcheng. His grandfather Huaiyi and his father Yingzhi had both served as commandery governors.
8
還都，拜太子右衛率，封鄱陽縣侯，遷右衛將軍，行豫州刺史，加都督。 後徵拜散騎常侍、中領軍。 勉以世路糾紛，有懷止足，經始鍾嶺之南，以為棲息。 聚石蓄水，髣佛丘中，朝士雅素者多往遊之。
On his return to the capital he was appointed Right Commander of the Crown Prince's Guard, enfeoffed as Marquis of Poyang, then promoted to Right Guard General, acting Inspector of Yuzhou, with overall military authority added. Later he was summoned to court and appointed Privy Attendant and Central Army Commander. Seeing the age's turmoil, Mian felt the wish to know when he had enough; south of Mount Zhong he laid out a retreat where he might rest. He piled stones and stored water until the place resembled a mountain dell, and many cultivated courtiers of refined taste often came to visit.
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悛字士操，隨父征竟陵王誕於廣陵，以功拜駙馬都尉。 後為桂陽王征北中兵參軍，與齊武帝同直殿內，並為宋明帝所親待，由是與武帝款好。
Liu Juan, courtesy name Shicao, followed his father in the campaign against Prince Jingling Dan at Guangling and, for his merit, was appointed Commandant of Steeds for the Palace Editor. Later he served as Army Controller on the Prince of Guiyang's northern campaign staff. He and the future Emperor Wu of Qi shared duty inside the palace, and both were favored by Emperor Ming of Song; from this Juan and the future emperor became intimate friends.
10
悛本名忱，宋明帝多忌，反語「劉忱」為「臨讎」，改名悛焉。
Juan's original given name was Chen. Emperor Ming of Song was much given to taboos, and the reverse reading of "Liu Chen" yielded "facing an enemy," so he changed his name to Juan.
11
齊武帝嘗至悛宅，晝臥覺，悛自捧金澡罐受四升水以沃盥，因以與帝，前後所納稱此。
Emperor Wu of Qi once visited Juan's house. Juan woke from a midday nap, himself carried a golden bathing basin, had four sheng of water poured for washing, and presented it to the emperor; his earlier courtesies had all been of this kind.
12
後遷安遠護軍、武陵內史。 郡南古江堤久廢，悛修未畢，而江水忽至，百姓棄役奔走。 悛親率厲之，於是乃立。 漢壽人邵榮興六世同爨，悛表其門閭。 悛強濟有世調，善於流俗。 蠻王田僮在山中，年垂百餘歲，南譙王義宣為荊州，僮出謁，至是又謁悛。 明帝崩，表求奔赴。 敕帶郡還都，吏人送者數千萬人。 悛人人執手，系以涕泣，百姓感之，贈送甚厚。
Later he was transferred to Protector of Pacified Distance and Internal Magistrate of Wuling. South of the commandery an ancient river dike had long been in ruins. Before Juan could finish repairs, the river suddenly rose, and the people abandoned their labor and fled. Juan personally led and urged them on, and the dike was at last completed. Sha Rongxing of Hanshou had six generations eating from a single hearth; Juan memorialized the court to honor his household. Juan was forceful and resourceful, with the manners of his generation, and skilled in dealing with the common run of society. The Man chieftain Tian Tong lived in the mountains, his age nearing a hundred. When Prince of Nanqiao Yixuan had governed Jingzhou, Tong had come to pay his respects; now he did so again to Juan. When Emperor Ming died, Juan submitted a memorial asking leave to hurry to the capital. He was ordered to return to the capital while retaining his commandery post; officials and commoners who came to see him off numbered in the tens of thousands. Juan took each person's hand in turn, weeping as he did so; the people were deeply moved and gave lavish parting gifts.
13
桂陽之難，加甯朔將軍，助守石頭。 父勉于大航戰死，悛時遇疾，扶伏路次，號哭求勉屍。 勉屍頂後傷缺，悛割發補之。 持喪墓側，冬日不衣絮。 齊高帝代勉為領軍，素與勉善，書譬悛殷勤抑勉。
During the Guiyang rebellion he was given the additional title General Who Pacifies the North and assisted in the defense of Shitou. His father Mian died in battle at Dahuang. Juan was then ill, yet he propped himself along the roadside, wailing and begging for his father's body. A gap had been torn in the crown of Mian's skull where he was wounded; Juan cut his own hair to fill it. He kept vigil mourning beside the tomb and in winter wore no quilted garments. Emperor Gao of Qi replaced Mian as Army Commander. He had long been on good terms with Mian and wrote to Juan with earnest words urging him to moderate his grief.
14
建平王景素反，高帝總眾。 悛初免喪，高帝召悛及弟愃入省，欲使領支軍。 及見皆羸削改貌，乃止。 霸業初建，悛先致誠節，沈攸之事起，加輔國將軍。 後為廣州刺史，襲爵鄱陽縣侯。 武帝自尋陽還，遇悛，歡宴敘舊，停十餘日乃下。 遣文惠太子及竟陵王子良攝衣履，備父友之敬。
When Prince Jianping Jingsu rebelled, Emperor Gao took overall command of the armies. Juan had just ended his mourning period. Emperor Gao summoned Juan and his younger brother Quan into the palace, intending to put them in command of a support army. When he saw them both wasted and altered beyond recognition, he abandoned the plan. As the new dynasty's enterprise was first taking shape, Juan was among the first to show loyal resolve. When Shen Youzhi's rebellion broke out, he was made General Who Assists the State. Later he became Inspector of Guangzhou and inherited the marquisate of Poyang. Returning from Xunyang, Emperor Wu met Juan; they feasted in joy and recalled old times, and the emperor lingered more than ten days before departing. He sent Crown Prince Wenhu and Prince Jingling Ziliang to straighten their dress and shoes and show the respect due a father's friend.
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齊受禪，國除，平西記室參軍夏侯恭叔上書，以柳元景中興功臣，劉勉殞身王事，宜存封爵。 詔以與運隆替，不容復厝意也。 初，蒼梧廢，高帝集議中華門，見悛謂曰：「君昨直邪？ 「悛曰：「僕昨正直，而之急在外。」 至是，上謂悛曰：「功名之際，人所不忘，卿昔在中華門答我，何其欲謝世事？」 悛曰：「臣世受宋恩，門荷齊眷，非常之勳，非臣所及，敢不以實仰答。」
When Qi received the abdication, the Song state was abolished. Xiahou Gongshu, Army Controller on the Pacified West staff, submitted a memorial arguing that Liu Yuanyijing had been a meritorious minister of the restoration and Liu Mian had given his life in royal service—their enfeoffments ought to be preserved. An edict replied that as dynasties rose and fell in turn, no further heed could be paid to the matter. Earlier, when Emperor Cangwu was deposed, Emperor Gao assembled counsel at the Zhonghua Gate. Seeing Juan, he said: "Were you upright yesterday? Juan said: "Your servant was upright yesterday, but Your Majesty's urgency lay elsewhere." At this point the emperor said to Juan: "At moments of glory and reward, people do not forget. When you answered me at the Zhonghua Gate, how eager you seemed to withdraw from worldly affairs!" Juan said: "Your servant's house received Song's grace for generations and now bears Qi's favor. Extraordinary merit is beyond me—I would not dare answer otherwise than truthfully."
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遷太子中庶子，領越騎校尉。 時武帝在東宮，每幸悛坊，閑言至夕，賜屏風帷帳。 武帝即位，改領前軍將軍。 後拜司州刺史。 悛父勉討殷琰，平壽陽，無所犯害，百姓德之，為罍樽、銅豆、鍾各二口獻之。
He was transferred to Palace Attendant to the Crown Prince and concurrently made Commandant of the Valiant Cavalry. At the time the future Emperor Wu was in the Eastern Palace; he often visited Juan's quarters, talking at leisure until evening, and bestowed screens and curtains. When Emperor Wu took the throne, Juan was made to command the Forward Army in addition to his other posts. Later he was appointed Inspector of Sizhou. Juan's father Mian had campaigned against Yin Yan, pacified Shouyang, and harmed no one; the people were grateful and presented two each of wine jars, bronze dou vessels, and bells as gifts.
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遷長兼侍中。 車駕數幸悛宅。 宅盛修山池，造甕牖。 武帝著鹿皮冠，披悛菟皮衾，於牖中宴樂。 以冠賜悛，至夜乃去。 後從駕登蔣山，上數歎曰：「貧賤之交不可忘，糟糠之妻不下堂。」 顧謂悛曰：「此況卿也。 世言富貴好改其素情，吾雖有四海，今日與卿盡布衣之適。」 悛起拜謝。 累遷始興王前軍長史、平蠻校尉、蜀郡太守，行益州府州事。
He was transferred to serve concurrently as Palace Attendant. The emperor often visited Juan's home in person. The residence was lavishly laid out with hills and pools, and he built jar-shaped windows. Emperor Wu wore a deerskin cap and wrapped himself in Juan's rabbit-fur quilt; they feasted and made merry in the jar-window alcove. He gave the cap to Juan and did not leave until nightfall. Later, accompanying the emperor up Mount Jiang, the sovereign sighed repeatedly: "Friendship in poverty and low estate must not be forgotten; the wife who shared one's chaff and husks does not leave the hall. Turning to Juan he said: "That is how it is with you. People say that wealth and rank make one change one's former feelings. Though I possess the four seas, today with you I enjoy the ease of old friends in plain cloth." Juan rose and bowed in thanks. He was repeatedly promoted to Forward Army Chief Clerk on the staff of the Prince of Shixing, Commandant Who Pacifies the Man, and Administrator of Shujun, with authority over the Yizhou headquarters and provincial affairs.
18
初，高帝輔政，有意欲鑄錢，以禪讓之際，未及施行。 建
Earlier, when Emperor Gao was regent, he had intended to cast new coin, but at the moment of the abdication he had not yet carried the plan out. Jian
19
元四年，奉朝請孔覬上鑄錢均貨議，辭證甚博，其略以為：食貨相通，理勢自然。 李悝曰：「糴甚貴傷人，甚賤傷農。 人傷則離散，農傷則國貧。 甚賤與甚貴，其傷一也。」 三吳國之關奧，比歲時被水潦，而糴不貴，是天下錢少，非穀穰賤，此不可不察也。 鑄錢之弊，在輕重屢變。 重錢患難用，而難用為累輕； 輕錢弊盜鑄，而盜鑄為禍深。 人所盜鑄，嚴法不禁者，由上鑄錢惜銅愛工也。 惜銅愛工，謂錢無用之器，以通交易，務欲令輕而數多，使省工而易成，不詳慮其為患也。
In the fourth year of Jianyuan, Court Gentleman Kong Guan submitted a memorial on casting coin and equalizing goods; his argument was very broad. In summary he held that food and goods must circulate—this follows naturally from reason and circumstance. Li Kui said: "When grain is bought very dear, it harms the people; when very cheap, it harms the farmers. When the people are harmed, they scatter; when the farmers are harmed, the state grows poor. Extreme cheapness and extreme dearness do equal harm. The Three Wu region is the vital center of the state. In recent years it has suffered floods, yet grain is not dear—this shows that coin in the realm is scarce, not that grain is abundant and cheap. This must not go unexamined. The harm in casting coin lies in the repeated changes of weight. Heavy coin is troubled by difficulty of use, and difficulty of use becomes a pressure toward lightness; light coin is harmed by illicit casting, and illicit casting brings deep calamity. That people illicitly cast coin despite severe laws is because the state, in its own coinage, spares copper and prizes labor. Sparing copper and prizing labor means treating coin as a mere instrument of exchange, striving to make it light and numerous, saving labor and making it easy to produce, without fully weighing the harm.
20
自漢鑄五銖至宋文帝，曆五百餘年，制度世有廢興，而不變五銖錢者，明其輕重可法，得貨之宜。 以為宜開置泉府，方牧貢金，大興鎔鑄。 錢重五銖，一依漢法。 若官鑄已布於人，便嚴斷翦鑿，輕小破缺無周郭者，悉不得行。 官錢細小者，稱合銖兩，銷以為大。 利貧良之人，塞奸巧之路。 錢貨既均，遠近若一，百姓樂業，市道無爭，衣食滋殖矣。 時議多以錢貨輕轉少，宜更廣鑄，重其銖兩，以防人奸。 高帝使諸州郡大市銅炭，會晏駕事寢。
From the Han casting of the five-zhu coin to Emperor Wen of Song, more than five hundred years passed. Institutions rose and fell with the ages, yet the five-zhu coin was not changed—showing that its weight could serve as a standard and its value suited circulation. He held that it was fitting to establish a treasury for coin, have the regional inspectors present gold as tribute, and greatly expand casting. Coin should weigh five zhu, following the Han standard in all respects. Once official coin had been distributed among the people, clipping and chiseling were to be strictly forbidden; light, small, broken, or rimless pieces were none to be allowed in circulation. Official coin that was too small should be weighed to the zhu and liang standard and melted down to make large pieces. This would benefit the poor and honest and block the path of the crafty. Once coin and goods were equalized, near and far would be as one; the people would rejoice in their occupations, markets would be without contention, and food and clothing would flourish. At the time many held that coin was light and scarce, and that casting should be expanded and the weight increased to guard against fraud. Emperor Gao ordered the provinces and commanderies to procure copper and charcoal on a large scale, but when he died suddenly the matter lapsed.
21
永明八年，悛啟武帝曰：「南廣郡界蒙山下有城名蒙城，可二頃地，有燒爐四所，高一丈，廣一丈五尺。 從蒙城度水南百許步，平地掘土深二尺，得銅。 又有古掘銅坑深二丈，並居宅處猶存。 鄧通南安人，漢文帝賜通嚴道縣銅山鑄錢。 今蒙山近在青衣水南，青衣左側並是故秦之嚴道地。 青衣縣，文帝改名漢嘉。 且蒙山去南安二百里，案此必是通所鑄處。 近喚蒙山獠出，雲'甚可經略'。 此議若立，潤利無極。 並獻蒙山銅一片，又銅石一片，平州鑄鐵刀一口。」 上從之。 遣使入蜀鑄錢，得千餘萬，功費多乃止。
In the eighth year of Yongming, Juan reported to Emperor Wu: "Within the bounds of Nanguang commandery, below Mount Meng, is a town called Mengcheng, covering about two qing of land, with four smelting furnaces, each one zhang high and one zhang five chi wide. From Mengcheng, crossing the water about a hundred paces to the south, if one digs two chi deep in level ground, one finds copper. There were also ancient copper pits dug two zhang deep, and the sites of former dwellings still remained. Deng Tong was a native of Nan'an. Emperor Wen of Han granted him the copper mountain in Yandao county to cast coin. Mount Meng now lies just south of the Qingyi River, and the left bank of Qingyi was all the old Qin territory of Yandao. Qingyi county had been renamed Hanjia by Emperor Wen. Moreover Mount Meng is two hundred li from Nan'an; on this evidence it must be where Tong cast coin. Recently the tribal people of Mount Meng were summoned forth; they said the place was very suitable for development. If this proposal were adopted, the profit would be boundless. He also presented one piece of Mount Meng copper, one piece of copper ore, and an iron knife cast in Pingzhou. The emperor approved the plan. He sent envoys into Shu to cast coin and obtained more than ten million pieces, but because the costs were high he abandoned the project.
22
悛仍代始興王鑒為益州刺史、監益甯二州諸軍事。 悛既藉舊恩，尤能承迎權貴，賓客閨房，供費奢廣。 罷廣、司二州，傾資貢獻，家無留儲。 在蜀作金浴盆，余金物稱是。 罷任以本號還都，欲獻之，而武帝晏駕。 郁林新立，悛奉獻減少。 郁林知之，諷有司收悛付廷尉，將加誅戮。 明帝啟救之，見原，禁錮終身。 雖見廢黜，而賓客日至。
Juan then replaced Prince Shixing Jian as Inspector of Yizhou and military overseer of Yizhou and Ningzhou. Relying on his old favor with the throne, Juan was especially skilled at courting the powerful; guests and household alike were maintained at lavish expense. On leaving his posts in Guangzhou and Sizhou he poured out his wealth in tribute gifts, until the family kept no reserves. In Shu he had a golden bathing basin made, with other gold objects in proportion. On leaving office he returned to the capital with his former title, intending to present the gifts, but Emperor Wu died suddenly. When Emperor Yulin was newly enthroned, Juan offered a reduced tribute. Yulin learned of it and hinted that the authorities should arrest Juan, hand him to the Minister of Justice, and put him to death. Emperor Ming intervened to save him; he was pardoned but confined for life. Though dismissed and disgraced, guests still came daily.
23
子孺字季幼，幼聰敏，七歲能屬文。 年十四居喪，毀瘠骨立，宗黨咸異之。 叔父瑱為義興郡，攜以之官，常置坐側，謂賓客曰：「此吾家明珠也。」 及長，美風采，性通和，雖家人不見其喜慍。 本州召迎主簿。 起家中軍法曹行參軍，時鎮軍沈約聞其名，引為主簿，恒與遊宴賦詩，大為約所嗟賞。 累遷太子中舍人。
His son Liu Ru, courtesy name Jiyou, was clever from childhood and at seven could compose prose. At fourteen he kept mourning for a parent, wasted to skin and bone, and all his clan marveled at him. His uncle Zhen was magistrate of Yixing and took him to his post, always seating him at his side. He told guests: "This is the bright pearl of our house. When grown, he had a fine bearing and an open, harmonious nature—even his family never saw him show joy or anger. His home province summoned him to serve as Chief Clerk. He entered office as Acting Army Controller in the Central Army Legal Bureau. Shen Yue, General Who Pacifies the Army, heard his name and took him as Chief Clerk; they often feasted and composed poetry together, and Yue greatly admired him. He was repeatedly promoted to Attendant in the Crown Prince's household.
24
孺少好文章，性又敏速，嘗在御坐為李賦，受詔便成，文不加點。 梁武帝甚稱賞之。 後侍宴壽光殿，詔群臣賦詩。 時孺與張率並醉，未及成。 帝取孺手板題戲之曰：「張率東南美，劉孺洛陽才，攬筆便應就，何事久遲回。」 其見親愛如此。
Ru had loved literature from youth and was quick by nature. Once in the imperial presence he composed a rhapsody on plums; on receiving the command he finished at once, the text needing no correction. Emperor Wu of Liang greatly praised and rewarded him. Later, at a feast in the Shouguang Hall, the emperor ordered the ministers to compose poems. At the time Ru and Zhang Shuai were both drunk and had not finished in time. The emperor took Ru's writing tablet and inscribed in jest: "Zhang Shuai, southern beauty of the east; Liu Ru, Luoyang talent—take up the brush and it should be done at once; why linger so long? Such was the affection in which he was held.
25
遷中書郎，兼中書通事舍人。 曆太子中庶子，尚書吏部郎。 累遷散騎常侍，左戶尚書。 大同五年，守吏部尚書。 出為晉陵太守，在郡和理，為吏人所稱。 入為侍中。 後復為吏部尚書。 母憂，以毀卒，諡曰孝子。
He was transferred to Secretariat Gentleman and concurrently made Secretariat Attendant for Current Affairs. He served as Palace Attendant to the Crown Prince and Director of the Ministry of Personnel. He was repeatedly promoted to Privy Attendant and Minister of the Left Household. In the fifth year of Datong he served as acting Minister of Personnel. He went out as Administrator of Jinling; in the commandery he governed harmoniously and was praised by officials and people alike. He returned to court as Palace Attendant. Later he again became Minister of Personnel. In mourning for his mother he died from grief; he was given the posthumous title Filial Son.
26
孺少與從兄苞、孝綽齊名，苞早卒，孝綽數坐免黜，位並不高，唯孺貴顯。 有文集二十卷。 孺弟覽。
Ru had been famed from youth alongside his cousins Bao and Xiaochuo. Bao died early; Xiaochuo was repeatedly dismissed for offenses and neither rose high—only Ru attained eminence. He left a collected works in twenty juan. Ru's younger brother was Liu Lan.
27
覽字孝智，十六通老、易，位中書郎。 以所生母憂，廬於墓，再期不嚐鹽酪，食麥粥而已。 隆冬止著單布衣，家人慮不勝喪，中夜竊置炭於床下，覽因暖得寐。 及覺知之，號慟歐血。 梁武帝聞其至性，數使省視。
Liu Lan, courtesy name Xiaozhi, at sixteen had mastered the Laozi and the Book of Changes; he rose to Secretariat Gentleman. In mourning for his birth mother he built a hut at the tomb; for two years he tasted no salt or dairy and ate only barley gruel. In deep winter he wore only a single layer of cloth. His family feared he could not endure the mourning and in the middle of the night secretly placed charcoal under his bed; Lan slept from the warmth. When he woke and discovered it, he wailed in anguish and vomited blood. Emperor Wu of Liang heard of his supreme filial devotion and repeatedly sent men to visit and check on him.
28
服闋，除尚書左丞。 性聰敏，尚書令史七百人，一見並記名姓。 當官清正無所私。 從兄吏部郎孝綽，在職頗通贓貨，覽劾奏免官。 孝綽怨之，常謂人曰：「犬噬行路，覽噬家人。」 出為始興內史，居郡尤勵清節。 復為左丞，卒官。 覽弟遵。
When mourning ended he was appointed Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing. Clever by nature, among the seven hundred clerks of the Masters of Writing he remembered every name after a single meeting. In office he was upright and without partiality. His cousin Xiaochuo, Director in the Ministry of Personnel, while in office was much involved in bribes; Lan impeached him and had him dismissed from office. Xiaochuo resented him and often said: "A dog bites passersby; Lan bites his own kin. He went out as Internal Magistrate of Shixing and in the commandery especially upheld pure conduct. He again became Left Assistant Director and died in office. Lan's younger brother was Liu Zun.
29
遵字孝陵，少清雅有學行，工屬文。 為晉安王綱宣惠、雲麾二府記室，甚見賓禮。 王立為皇太子，仍除中庶子。 遵自隨蕃及在東宮，以舊恩偏蒙寵遇，時輩莫及。 卒官，皇太子深悼惜之，與遵從兄陽羨令孝儀令曰：「賢從弟中庶奄至殞逝，痛可言乎。 其孝友淳深，立身貞固，內含玉潤，外表瀾清，言行相符，終始如一。 文史該富，琬琰為心，辭章博贍，玄黃成采。 既以鳴謙表性，又以難進自居。 吾昔在漢南，連翩書記； 及忝朱方，從容坐首。 鷁舟乍動，朱鷺徐鳴，未嘗一日而不追隨，一時而不會遇。 益者三友，此實其人。 及弘道下邑，未申善政，而能使人結去思，野多馴翟，此亦威鳳一羽，足以驗其五德。」 其見愛賞如此。
Liu Zun, courtesy name Xiaoling, was refined and elegant from youth, with learning and conduct, and skilled at composition. He served as Recorder on the staffs of Prince Jin'an Gang's Xuanhui and Cloud Banner offices and was greatly honored as a guest. When the prince was established as crown prince, Zun was appointed Palace Attendant to him. From following the prince in his fief through service in the Eastern Palace, Zun by old favor received special treatment—none of his contemporaries could match it. He died in office. The crown prince deeply mourned him and sent a message to Zun's cousin Xiaoyi, Magistrate of Yangxian: "Your worthy cousin the Palace Attendant has suddenly perished—can words express the pain? His filial piety and brotherly love were pure and deep; his conduct was steadfast; within he held jade's luster, without he showed clear waters; words and deeds matched, and beginning and end were one. His command of letters and histories was comprehensive; fine jade was his heart; his literary compositions were broad and rich, woven of many hues. He both expressed his nature through modest renown and held himself aloof from easy advancement. I once was in the Han south, with you constantly at my side as recorder; and when I held Zhufang, you sat at ease in the foremost place. When the egret-prowed boat stirred or the vermilion heron sounded slowly, there was not a day without your following me, not a moment without our meeting. Of the three friends who bring benefit, this was truly such a man. When he spread the Way in a humble town, though he had not yet fully enacted good government, he could make people on departing tie tokens of longing, and tame pheasants filled the fields—like one feather of the majestic phoenix, enough to show his five virtues. Such was the love and esteem in which he was held.
30
苞字孝嘗，一字孟嘗，悛弟子也。 父愃，位太子中庶子。
Liu Bao, courtesy name Xiaochang, also styled Mengchang, was Juan's nephew. His father Quan had served as Palace Attendant to the Crown Prince.
31
苞三歲而孤，至六七歲，見諸父常泣。 時伯叔父悛、繪等並顯貴，其母謂其畏憚，怒之。 苞曰：「早孤不及有識，聞諸父多相似，故心中悲耳。」 因而歔欷，母亦悲慟。 初，苞父母及兩兄相繼亡歿，悉假瘞焉。 苞年十六，始移墓所，經營改葬，不資諸父。 奉君母朱夫人及所生陳氏並扇席溫枕，叔父繪常歎伏之。 少好學，能屬文，家有舊書，例皆殘蠹，手自編緝，筐篋盈滿。 梁初，以臨川王妃弟，故自征虜主簿遷右軍功曹，累遷太子洗馬，掌書記，侍講壽光殿。 及從兄孝綽等並以文藻見知，多預宴坐。 受詔詠天泉池荷及采菱調，下筆即成。
Bao was orphaned at three; by six or seven, whenever he saw his uncles he often wept. At the time his uncles Juan, Hui, and others were all eminent; his mother thought he feared them and grew angry. Bao said: "Orphaned early, I never knew them while I could understand; hearing that my uncles greatly resemble one another, I grieve in my heart—that is all. He then sighed and wept, and his mother too was stricken with grief. Earlier, Bao's parents and two elder brothers had died in succession and were all provisionally interred. At sixteen Bao first moved the gravesites and arranged reburial without relying on his uncles. He fanned the bed and warmed the pillow for his stepmother Lady Zhu and his birth mother Lady Chen alike; his uncle Hui often sighed in admiration. From youth he loved learning and could compose. The family's old books were worm-eaten; he personally collated them until baskets and cases overflowed. Early in Liang, as brother to the Princess of Linchuan, he moved from Chief Clerk on the Pacifying Campaign staff to Army Controller in the Right Army, then to Crown Prince's Groom in charge of records, lecturing in the Shouguang Hall. He and his cousins Xiaochuo and others were known for literary grace and often attended banquets. Receiving edicts to compose on the lotus of the Tianquan Pool and on the melody of gathering water chestnuts, he finished as soon as the brush touched paper.
32
天監十年卒，臨終呼友人南陽劉之遴托以喪事從儉。 苞居官有能名，性和直，與人交，面折其非，退稱其美，士友咸以此嘆惜之。
In the tenth year of Tianjian he died; at the end he called his friend Liu Zhilin of Nanyang and entrusted him with keeping the funeral arrangements simple. Bao in office had a reputation for ability. Upright and direct by nature, in dealing with others he would rebuke their faults to their face and afterward praise their virtues; gentlemen and friends all sighed over this.
33
繪字士章，愃弟也。 初為齊高帝行參軍，帝歎曰：「劉公為不亡也。」 及豫章王嶷鎮江陵，繪為鎮西外兵參軍，以文義見禮。 時琅邪王詡為功曹，以吏能自進，嶷謂僚佐曰：「吾雖不能得應嗣陳蕃，然合下自有二驥也。」
Liu Hui, courtesy name Shizhang, was Quan's younger brother. At first he served as Acting Army Controller under Emperor Gao of Qi; the emperor sighed: "Lord Liu is not dead after all. When Prince Yuzhang Diao garrisoned Jiangling, Hui served as Army Controller on the Pacified West staff and was honored for literary learning. At the time Wang Xu of Langya was Merit Officer and advanced through administrative ability. Diao told his staff: "Though I cannot have men like Ying Shao or Chen Fan, below me I have two fine steeds."
34
性通悟，出為南康相，郡人有姓賴，所居名穢裏，刺謁繪，繪戲嘲之曰：「君有何穢，而居穢裏？」 此人應聲曰：「未審孔丘何闕，而居闕里。」 繪默然不答，亦無忤意，歎其辯速。
Quick-witted by nature, he went out as Administrator of Nankang. A man of the commandery surnamed Lai lived in a lane called Filthy Lane and came to pay a formal visit. Hui jested: "What filth do you have, that you dwell in Filthy Lane? The man answered on the spot: "I wonder what fault Confucius had, that he dwelt in Que Lane." Hui was silent and did not reply, nor showed any offense, and admired his quick wit.
35
後歷位中書郎，掌詔誥。 敕助國子祭酒何胤撰修禮儀。 永明末，都下人士盛為文章談義，皆湊竟陵西邸，繪為後進領袖。 時張融以言辭辯捷，周顒彌為清綺，而繪音采贍麗，雅有風則。 時人為之語曰：「三人共宅夾清漳，張南周北劉中央。」 言其處二人間也。
Later he held the post of Secretariat Gentleman, in charge of edicts and patents of nobility. He was ordered to assist National University Libationer He Yin in compiling ritual regulations. At the end of Yongming, gentlemen of the capital flourished in literary composition and discourses on meaning, all gathering at Jingling's Western Lodge—Hui led the younger generation. At the time Zhang Rong was noted for eloquent, nimble speech and Zhou Yong especially for pure refinement, while Hui's style was rich and beautiful, with elegant standards. People of the time made a rhyme: "Three men share a house flanking the clear Zhang—Zhang to the south, Zhou to the north, Liu in the center. This meant he stood between the two men.
36
魚復侯子響誅後，豫章王嶷欲求葬之，召繪為表言其事，繪須臾便成。 嶷歎曰：「禰衡何以過此。」 唯足八字云：「提攜鞠養，俯見成人。」 後魏使至，繪以辭辯被敕接使。 事畢，當撰語辭。 繪謂人曰：「無論潤色未易，但得我語亦難矣。」
After Marquis of Yufu Zixiang was executed, Prince Yuzhang Diao wished to have him buried and summoned Hui to draft a memorial on the matter—Hui finished in a moment. Diao sighed: "How could Mi Heng surpass this? He added only eight characters: "Raised and nurtured in your arms, I looked up and saw a grown man." Later an envoy from Wei arrived; Hui was ordered to receive the envoy because of his eloquence. When the business was done, he was to compose the diplomatic wording. Hui told people: "Never mind polishing the text—that is not easy; but even capturing my wording is hard."
37
及梁武起兵，朝廷以繪為雍州刺史，固讓不就。 眾以朝廷昏亂，為之寒心。 繪終不受，乃改用張欣泰。 轉繪建安王車騎長史，行府國事。
When Emperor Wu of Liang raised his army, the court appointed Hui Inspector of Yongzhou; he firmly declined and did not take office. Many, seeing the court's confusion, were chilled at heart on his account. Hui in the end did not accept, and Zhang Xintai was appointed instead. Hui was transferred to Chief Clerk on the Chariots and Cavalry staff of the Prince of Jian'an, with authority over the prince's domain affairs.
38
及東昏見殺，城內遣繪及國子博士范雲等齎其首詣梁武帝於石頭。 轉大司馬從事中郎，卒。 子孝綽。
When Emperor Donghun was killed, the city sent Hui and National University Erudite Fan Yun and others to carry his head to Emperor Wu of Liang at Shitou. He was transferred to Army Controller on the Grand Marshal's staff and died. His son was Liu Xiaochuo.
39
孝綽字孝綽，本名冉。 幼聰敏，七歲能屬文。 舅齊中書郎王融深賞異之，與同載以適親友，號曰神童。 融每曰：「天下文章若無我，當歸阿士。」 阿士即孝綽小字也。 父繪，齊時掌詔誥，孝綽時年十四，繪常使代草之。 父党沈約、任昉、范雲等聞其名，命駕造焉，昉尤相賞好。 範雲年長繪十餘歲，其子孝才與孝綽年並十四五。 及雲遇孝綽，便申伯季，乃命孝才拜之。 兼善草隸，自以書似父，乃變為別體。
Liu Xiaochuo, courtesy name Xiaochuo, had the original given name Ran. From childhood he was clever; at seven he could compose prose. His uncle Wang Rong, Secretariat Gentleman of Qi, greatly admired him, took him in the same carriage to visit kin and friends, and called him a divine child. Rong often said: "If there were no me in the world's literature, it would belong to A Shi. A Shi was Xiaochuo's childhood name. His father Hui in Qi times controlled edicts and patents; when Xiaochuo was fourteen, Hui often had him draft them in his place. Shen Yue, Ren Fang, Fan Yun, and other friends of his father heard his name and came to visit; Fang especially prized and befriended him. Fan Yun was more than ten years older than Hui; his son Xiaocai and Xiaochuo were both fourteen or fifteen. When Yun met Xiaochuo, he declared elder and younger brotherhood and ordered Xiaocai to bow to him. He was also skilled in cursive and clerical script; thinking his writing resembled his father's, he changed to a different style.
40
梁天監初，起家著作佐郎，為歸沐詩贈任昉，昉報曰：「彼美洛陽子，投我懷秋作，詎慰耋嗟人，徒深老夫托。 直史兼褒貶，轄司專疾惡，九折多美疹，匪報庶良藥。」 其為名流所重如此。
Early in Liang Tianjian he entered office as Assistant Editor in the Palace Library and presented a poem on returning home to bathe to Ren Fang; Fang replied: "That fair son of Luoyang sends me an autumn piece in his embrace—how could it comfort a man sighing in old age? It is only a deep trust from an old friend. As straight historian with praise and blame, the supervising office especially hates evil; nine bends bring many sores—no return, yet perhaps good medicine. Such was the weight the leading men gave him.
41
後遷兼尚書水部郎，奉啟陳謝。 手敕答曰：「美錦未可便制，簿領亦宜稍習。」 頃之即真。 武帝時因宴幸，令沈約、任昉等言志賦詩，孝綽亦見引。 嘗侍宴，於坐作詩七首，武帝覽其文，篇篇嗟賞，由是朝野改觀。 累遷秘書丞。 武帝謂舍人周舍云：「第一官當知用第一人。」 故以孝綽居此職。
Later he was transferred to concurrent Director in the Ministry of Works' Water Bureau and submitted a memorial of thanks. An imperial note in the emperor's hand answered: "Fine brocade cannot be cut at once; ledgers too should be studied a little. Before long he received regular appointment. When Emperor Wu feasted on a tour of favor, he had Shen Yue, Ren Fang, and others speak their ambitions and compose poetry; Xiaochuo too was summoned. Once at a feast he composed seven poems in his seat. The emperor read each in turn and sighed in admiration at every one; from this court and countryside changed their view of him. He was repeatedly promoted to Palace Library Director. Emperor Wu told Attendant Zhou She: "The first office should employ the first man. Therefore Xiaochuo was placed in this post.
42
後為太子僕，掌東宮管記。 時昭明太子好士愛文，孝綽與陳郡殷芸、吳郡陸倕、琅邪王筠、彭城到洽等同見禮。 太子起樂賢堂，乃使先圖孝綽。 太子文章，群才咸欲撰錄，太子獨使孝綽集而序之。 遷兼廷尉卿。
Later he became Crown Prince's Steward, in charge of the Eastern Palace records. At the time Crown Prince Zhaoming loved scholars and cherished literature. Xiaochuo, Yin Yun of Chen, Lu Chun of Wu, Wang Jun of Langya, and Dao Qia of Pengcheng were all honored alike. The crown prince raised the Hall of Cherishing Worthies and first had Xiaochuo's portrait painted. For the crown prince's writings, all the talented wished to compile and record them, but the crown prince had Xiaochuo alone collect and arrange them. He was transferred to concurrent Minister of Justice.
43
初，孝綽與到溉兄弟甚狎，溉少孤，宅近僧寺，孝綽往溉許，適見黃臥具，孝綽謂僧物色也，撫手笑。 溉知其旨，奮拳擊之，傷口而去。 又與洽同遊東宮，孝綽自以才優於洽，每於宴坐嗤鄙其文，洽深銜之。 及孝綽為廷尉，攜妾入廷尉，其母猶停私宅。 洽尋為御史中丞，遣令史劾奏之，云：「攜少妹于華省，棄老母於下宅。」 武帝為隱其惡，改妹字為姝。 孝綽坐免官。 諸弟時隨蕃皆在荊、雍，乃與書論共洽不平者十事，其辭皆訴到氏。 又寫別本封至東宮，昭明太子命焚之，不開視。
Earlier Xiaochuo had been very close to the brothers Dao Gai. Gai was orphaned young and lived near a monastery; when Xiaochuo visited and saw yellow bedding, he thought it monastic property and laughed aloud. Gai knew his meaning and struck out with his fist, wounding Xiaochuo's mouth before leaving. He also toured the Eastern Palace with Qia. Xiaochuo thought himself the better writer and at banquets often ridiculed Qia's compositions; Qia deeply resented it. When Xiaochuo became Minister of Justice, he brought a concubine into the court offices; his mother still remained in a private residence. Qia soon became Imperial Censor and sent a clerk to impeach him, saying: "He keeps a young sister in the splendid office and abandons his old mother in a lowly dwelling. The emperor concealed his fault and changed the character for sister to another meaning in the memorial. Xiaochuo was dismissed from office. His younger brothers were then all with the princes in Jing and Yong. He wrote to them setting forth ten grievances against Qia, the wording throughout accusing the Dao clan. He also copied a separate version, sealed it, and sent it to the Eastern Palace; Crown Prince Zhaoming ordered it burned unopened.
44
孝綽免職後，武帝數使僕射徐勉宣旨慰撫之，每朝宴常預焉。 及武帝為籍田詩，又使勉先示孝綽。 時奉詔作者數十人，帝以孝綽詩工，即日起為西中郎湘東王諮議參軍。 遷黃門侍郎、尚書吏部郎，坐受人絹一束，為餉者所訟，左遷信威臨賀王長史。 晚年忽忽不得志，後為秘書監。
After Xiaochuo was dismissed, Emperor Wu several times sent Vice Director Xu Mian with imperial words to comfort him, and he was often present at morning feasts. When Emperor Wu composed a poem on the plowing ceremony, he again had Mian show it first to Xiaochuo. Dozens composed on imperial command at the time. The emperor judged Xiaochuo's poetry the finest and that very day appointed him Army Controller on Prince Xiangdong's Western Army staff. He was promoted to Palace Attendant and Director of the Ministry of Personnel. When he accepted one bolt of silk as a gift, the giver sued him, and he was demoted to Chief Clerk to Prince Linhe of Trustworthy Might. In his later years he was suddenly restless and unfulfilled; later he became Director of the Palace Library.
45
初，孝綽居母憂，冬月飲冷水，因得冷癖，以大同五年卒官，年五十九。
Earlier, while mourning his mother, he drank cold water in winter and contracted a chronic cold ailment. In the fifth year of Datong he died in office at fifty-nine.
46
孝綽少有盛名，而仗氣負才，多所陵忽。 有不合意，極言詆訾。 領軍臧盾、太府卿沈僧畟等並被時遇，孝綽尤輕之。 每于朝集會同，處公卿間無所與語，反呼騶卒訪道途間事，由此多忤於物，前後五免。 孝綽辭藻為後進所宗，時重其文，每作一篇，朝成暮遍，好事者咸誦傳寫，流聞河朔，亭苑柱壁莫不題之。 文集數十萬言，行于時。 兄弟及群從子侄當時有七十人，並能屬文，近古未之有也。
Xiaochuo from youth had great fame, yet relied on his spirit and prized his talent, looking down on many. When something did not please him, he slandered it to the utmost. Army Commander Zang Dun, Minister of the Imperial Storehouse Shen Sengbi, and others were all favored by the times, yet Xiaochuo especially despised them. At every court assembly he spoke with none of the ministers, but instead called grooms to ask about affairs on the roads. Thereby he often gave offense and was dismissed five times in all. Xiaochuo's literary style was revered by the younger generation. The age prized his writing: each new piece was known by morning and copied by evening; enthusiasts recited it far north of the Yellow River, and pavilion pillars and garden walls were inscribed with his lines. His collected works ran to several hundred thousand words and circulated in his time. Brothers, cousins, and nephews at the time numbered seventy, all able to compose—something unmatched in recent antiquity.
47
其三妹，一適琅邪王叔英，一適吳郡張嵊，一適東海徐悱，並有才學。 悱妻文尤清拔，所謂劉三娘者也。 悱為晉安郡卒，喪還建鄴，妻為祭文，辭甚悽愴。 悱父勉本欲為哀辭，及見此文，乃閣筆。
Of his three younger sisters, one married Wang Shuying of Langya, one Zhang Song of Wu commandery, and one Xu Fei of Donghai—all were accomplished in letters. Fei's wife's writing was especially pure and striking—the so-called Lady Liu the Third. Fei died as Administrator of Jin'an. When the coffin returned to Jianye, his wife composed a sacrificial text of very moving words. Fei's father Mian had intended to compose a lament, but on seeing this text he laid down his brush.
48
孝綽子諒字求信，小名春。 少好學，有文才，尤悉晉代故事，時人號曰：「皮裏晉書」。 位中書宣城王記室，為湘東王所善。 王嘗游江濱，歎秋望之美。 諒對曰：「今日可謂'帝子降於北渚'。」 王有目疾，以為刺己。 應曰：「卿言'目眇眇以愁予'邪？」 從此嫌之。
Xiaochuo's son Liang, courtesy name Qiuxin, childhood name Chun. From youth he loved learning and had literary talent, especially versed in Jin-dynasty stories; contemporaries called him "the Jin History wrapped in skin." He reached Secretariat Recorder on the staff of the Prince of Xuancheng and was favored by Prince Xiangdong. The prince once toured the riverbank, sighing at the beauty of the autumn view. Liang replied: "Today one may say 'the emperor's son descends to the northern islet.' The prince had an eye ailment and thought it a barb at himself. He answered: "Do you mean 'the eyes dim dim grieve me'? From this the prince bore a grudge against him.
49
孝綽弟潛字孝儀，幼孤，與諸兄弟相勖以學，並工屬文。 孝綽嘗云：「三筆六詩」，三即孝儀，六謂孝威也。
Xiaochuo's younger brother Liu Qian, courtesy name Xiaoyi, was orphaned young; with his brothers he urged one another in study, and all were skilled at composition. Xiaochuo once said, "Three brushes and six poems"—the three meant Xiaoyi, the six Xiaowei.
50
孝儀為人寬厚，內行尤篤。 第二兄孝熊早卒，孝儀奉寡嫂甚謹，家內巨細必先諮決，與妻子朝夕供事，未嘗失禮，時人以此稱之。 有文集二十卷行於世。
Xiaoyi was generous in bearing and especially devoted in inner conduct. His second elder brother Xiaoxiong died early. Xiaoyi served his widowed sister-in-law with scrupulous respect; in household matters great or small he always consulted her first. With wife and children he attended her morning and evening without ever failing in ritual, and people of the time praised him for it. He left a collected works in twenty juan circulating in the world.
51
第五弟孝勝，位尚書右丞、兼散騎常侍。 聘魏還，為安西武陵王紀長史、蜀郡太守。 紀僭號於蜀，以為尚書僕射。 隨紀出峽口，兵敗被執。 元帝宥之，以為司徒右長史。
The fifth younger brother Xiaosheng held the posts of Right Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing and concurrent Privy Attendant. After an embassy to Wei he returned and became Chief Clerk to Prince Anxi of Wuling and Administrator of Shujun. When Ji usurped the title in Shu, he was made Vice Minister of the Masters of Writing. Following Ji out of the gorge mouth, the army was defeated and he was captured. Emperor Yuan pardoned him and appointed him Right Chief Clerk of the Masters of Writing.
52
第六弟孝威，氣調爽逸，風儀俊舉。 初為安北晉安王法曹，後為太子洗馬，中舍人，庶子，率更令，並掌管記。 大同中，白雀集東宮，孝威上頌甚美。 太清中，遷中庶子，兼通事舍人。 及侯景寇亂，隨司州刺史柳仲禮至安陸，卒。
The sixth younger brother Xiaowei had a spirited, free manner and handsome bearing. At first he was Legal Officer on Prince Jin'an's Pacified North staff; later he served as Crown Prince's Groom, Attendant, Palace Son, and Director of the Directorate of Astronomy, in each post keeping charge of records. In Datong, white sparrows gathered at the Eastern Palace; Xiaowei submitted a eulogy of great beauty. In Taiqing he was promoted to Palace Attendant and concurrent Attendant for Current Affairs. When Hou Jing raided in disorder, he followed Inspector of Sizhou Liu Zhongli to Anyang and died there.
53
第七弟孝先，位武陵王主簿，與兄孝勝俱隨紀軍出峽口。
The seventh younger brother Xiaoxian served as Chief Clerk to Prince Wuling and, with his brother Xiaosheng, followed Ji's army out of the gorge mouth.
54
兵敗，元帝以為黃門郎，遷侍中。
The army was defeated; Emperor Yuan made him Palace Attendant and promoted him to Palace Attendant in regular appointment.
55
瑱字士溫，繪弟也。 少有行業，文藻、篆隸、丹青並為當世所稱。 時有滎陽毛惠遠善畫馬，瑱善畫婦人，並為當世第一。 瑱妹為齊鄱陽王妃，伉儷甚篤。 王為齊明帝所誅，妃追傷遂成痼疾，醫所不療。 有陳郡殷蒨善寫人面，與真不別，瑱令蒨畫王形像，並圖王平生所寵姬共照鏡狀，如欲偶寢。 瑱乃密使媼奶示妃，妃視畫仍唾之，因罵云：「故宜其早死」。 於是恩情即歇，病亦除差。 此姬亦被廢苦，因即以此畫焚之。
Liu Zhen, courtesy name Shiwen, was Hui's younger brother. From youth he had good conduct; literature, seal script, clerical script, and painting were all acclaimed in his age. At the time Mao Huiyuan of Xingyang was skilled at painting horses and Zhen at painting women—each was first in the age. Zhen's younger sister was consort to the Princess of Poyang of Qi; husband and wife were deeply devoted. The prince was executed by Emperor Ming of Qi; the consort grieved until she fell into chronic illness that physicians could not cure. Yin Qian of Chen commandery could paint human faces indistinguishable from life. Zhen had Qian paint the prince's likeness together with the prince's favorite concubines gazing in a mirror, as if about to share the bed. Zhen secretly had a nurse show the consort the painting. She looked at it and spat, cursing: "So it was right that he died early." Thereupon affection ceased and the illness was cured. This concubine too had suffered in disgrace and therefore burned the painting.
56
瑱仕齊，曆尚書吏部郎，義興太守。 先繪卒。
Zhen served Qi, holding posts as Director in the Ministry of Personnel and Administrator of Yixing. He died before Hui.
57
論曰：當泰始之際，二殷去就不同，原始要終，各以名節自立。 孝祖翫敵而亡，蓋其宜也。 劉勉出征久撫，所在流譽，行己之節，赴蹈為期，雖古之忠烈，亦何以加此。 悛至性過人，繪辭義克舉，諸子各擅雕龍，當年方駕，文采之盛，殆難繼乎。 孝綽中冓為尤，可謂人而無儀者矣。
The judgment says: At the time of Taishi, the two Yins chose differently in going and staying; tracing origin and seeking end, each stood on reputation and integrity. Xiaozu treated the enemy lightly and died for it—perhaps that was only fitting. Liu Mian on long campaigns pacified the regions he held; wherever he went praise followed; in personal conduct he kept his pledged word as his bond—even the loyal martyrs of old could hardly have surpassed this. Juan's filial nature surpassed others; Hui fully achieved literary excellence; the sons each excelled in polished writing; in their day they were equals abreast; such brilliance of prose can hardly be matched again. Xiaochuo's incest was especially vile—he may truly be called a man without decency.