1
爽少有武藝，魏太武知之，常置左右。 及軌死，爽代為荊州刺史、襄陽公，鎮長社。 粗中使酒，數有過失，太武怒將誅之。 爽懼，密懷歸南計。 次弟秀小字天念，頗有意略。 仕魏以軍功為中書郎，封廣陵侯。 或告太武鄴人欲反，復遣秀檢察，並燒石季龍殘餘宮殿。 秀常乘驛往返，是時病還遲，為太武所詰。 秀復恐懼。 太武尋南攻，因從度河。 先是廣平人程天祚為殿中將軍，有武力。 元嘉二十七年，助戍彭城，為魏軍所獲。 以善針術，深被太武賞愛，封南安公，常置左右。 恒勸秀南歸，秀納之。 及太武北還，與爽俱來奔。 文帝悅，以爽為司州刺史，秀為滎陽、潁川二郡太守。 是歲元嘉二十八年也。 魏毀其墳墓。 明年四月入朝，時太武已崩，上更謀經略。 五月，遣爽、秀及程天祚等出許、洛。 王玄謨攻碻磝不拔，敗退，爽亦收眾南還。 三十年，元凶弑逆，南譙王義宣起兵入討，爽與雍州刺史臧質俱詣江陵。 事平，以爽為豫州刺史，加都督。 至壽陽，便曲意賓客，爵命士人，畜仗聚馬，如寇將至。 元凶之為逆也，秀在建鄴。 元凶謂秀曰：「我為卿誅徐湛之矣，方相委任。」 以秀為右將軍，使攻新亭，秀因此歸順。 孝武即位，以為司州刺史，加都督，領汝南太守。
From youth Shuang was skilled in arms; Emperor Taiwu of Wei took note of him and kept him constantly at his side. After Gui died, Shuang replaced him as Inspector of Jingzhou and Duke of Xiangyang, with his seat at Changshe. Rough in manner and prone to drunkenness, he committed fault after fault until Taiwu, enraged, was ready to put him to death. In fear, Shuang secretly laid plans to defect to the south. His younger brother Xiu, courtesy name Tiannian, was notably shrewd and capable. In Wei service he won promotion through battle honors to Central Secretariat Gentleman and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangling. When word reached Taiwu that the people of Ye were plotting revolt, he again dispatched Xiu to investigate and to burn the ruined palaces left from Shi Jilong. Xiu regularly rode the courier relays back and forth; this time illness delayed his return, and Taiwu called him to account. Xiu grew afraid once more. When Taiwu soon afterward marched south on campaign, Xiu went with him across the river. Earlier, Cheng Tianzuo of Guangping had served as a Palace Guard general and was known for his fighting prowess. In Yuanjia year 27 he was helping defend Pengcheng when Wei forces captured him. Skilled in acupuncture, he won Taiwu's deep regard, was enfeoffed as Duke of Nan'an, and was kept constantly at the emperor's side. He kept urging Xiu to defect southward, and Xiu took his advice. When Taiwu marched back north, he crossed over with Shuang to join the Song. Emperor Wen was delighted: he made Shuang Inspector of Sizhou and Xiu Administrator of both Xingyang and Yingchuan. It was Yuanjia year 28. Wei razed their family graves. They came to court in the fourth month of the next year. Taiwu was already dead, and the throne turned again to plans for recovering the north. In the fifth month he dispatched Shuang, Xiu, Cheng Tianzuo, and others toward Xu and Luoyang. Wang Xuemo assaulted Qiaoyao without success and withdrew defeated; Shuang likewise gathered his troops and marched south. In year 30 the crown prince murdered his father; the Prince of Nanqiao Yixuan took the field to punish the crime, and Shuang went with Zang Zhi, Inspector of Yongzhou, to Jiangling. After order was restored, Shuang was appointed Inspector of Yuzhou with overall military authority. Once at Shouyang he began flattering visitors, handing out ranks to men of letters, and stockpiling arms and horses as if invasion were imminent. While the crown prince was committing his crime, Xiu was in Jiankang. The crown prince told Xiu, "I have killed Xu Bozhi on your account and mean to place great trust in you. He appointed Xiu General of the Right and sent him against Xinting, but Xiu used the assignment to declare for the loyal cause. After Emperor Xiaowu acceded, Xiu became Inspector of Sizhou with overall command, holding concurrently the post of Administrator of Runan.
2
孝建元年二月，義宣與爽謀反，報秋當同舉。 爽狂酒乖謬，即日便起兵。 使其眾戴黃標，稱建平元年，竊造法服。 義宣、質聞爽已處分，便狼狽同反。 爽於是送所造輿服詣江陵，板義宣及臧質等文曰：「丞相劉今補天子名義宣，車騎臧今補丞相名質，平西朱今補車騎名修之； 皆板到奉行。」 義宣駭愕，爽所送法物並留竟陵縣不聽進。 使爽直出曆陽，自採石濟軍，與質水陸俱下。 左軍將軍薛安都與爽相遇，刺殺之，傳首建鄴。 進平壽陽，子弟並伏誅。
In the second month of Xiaojian year 1, Yixuan and Shuang conspired to rebel and sent word that Qiu Dang should rise with them. Shuang, drunken and reckless, took up arms the same day. His men wore yellow insignia; he declared the Jianping era and had court robes and regalia made in secret. Learning that Shuang had already moved, Yixuan and Zhi scrambled to rebel as well. Shuang forwarded the regalia he had made to Jiangling with written commissions: "Chancellor Liu is hereby confirmed Son of Heaven, personal name Yixuan; Charioteer Zang is confirmed Chancellor, name Zhi; General Who Pacifies the West Zhu is confirmed Charioteer, name Xiuzhi; each commission to take effect on delivery. Yixuan was stunned. He held Shuang's regalia at Jingling and refused to let it pass. He sent Shuang directly toward Liyang to ferry troops from Caishi, while Zhi advanced by land and river together. General of the Left Army Xue Andou encountered Shuang, killed him with a thrust, and forwarded his head to Jiankang. They next took Shouyang; Shuang's sons and brothers were all put to death.
3
薛安都
Xue Andou
4
薛安都，河東汾陰人也。 世為強族，族姓有三千家，父廣為宗豪。 宋武帝定關、河，以為上党太守。
Xue Andou came from Fenyin in Hedong commandery. For generations his house had been a great clan—some three thousand households bearing the name—and his father Guang was its leading magnate. After Emperor Wu of Song took the passes and the middle Yellow River, he made Guang Administrator of Shangdang.
5
安都少以勇聞，身長七尺八寸，便弓馬。 仕魏以軍功為雍州、秦州都統。 元嘉二十一年來奔，求北還，構扇河、陝。 文帝許之。 孝武鎮襄陽，板為北弘農太守。 魏軍漸強，安都乃歸襄陽。 二十七年，隨王誕板安都為建武將軍，隨柳元景向關、陝，率步騎居前，所向克捷。 後孝武伐逆，安都領馬軍，與柳元景俱發。 孝武踐阼，除右軍將軍，率所領騎為前鋒，直入殿庭。 以功封南鄉縣男。 安都初征關、陝，至臼口，夢仰視天，見天門開，謂左右曰：「汝等見天門開不？」 至是歎曰：「夢天門開，乃中興之象邪？」
Andou won early fame for valor. He stood seven feet eight inches and was expert with bow and horse. In Wei service he won promotion through battle honors to overall commander of Yong and Qin provinces. In Yuanjia year 21 he defected to the Song, sought permission to go back north, and incited unrest along the Yellow River and in Shaanxi. Emperor Wen agreed. While Xiaowu was stationed at Xiangyang, he appointed Andou Administrator of Northern Hongnong. When Wei armies pressed harder, Andou fell back to Xiangyang. In year 27 Prince Dan of Sui appointed Andou General Who Establishes Martial Might. He marched with Liu Yuanjing toward the passes and Shaanxi, infantry and cavalry in the lead, winning every engagement. When Xiaowu later marched to suppress the usurper, Andou led the cavalry and departed with Liu Yuanjing. On Xiaowu's accession he was appointed General of the Right Army, led his horsemen as the vanguard, and rode straight into the palace courtyard. For this service he was enfeoffed as Baron of Nanxiang. On his first campaign in the passes and Shaanxi, at Jiukou he dreamed he looked up and saw the Gate of Heaven swing open. He asked his attendants, "Do you see the Gate of Heaven open? Now he sighed and said, "To dream the Gate of Heaven opens—was that not a sign of dynastic renewal?"
6
從弟道生亦以軍功為大司馬參軍，犯罪，為秣陵令庾淑之所鞭。 安都大怒，即日乃乘馬從數十人，令左右執矟，欲往殺淑之。 行至朱雀航，逢柳元景，遙問曰：「薛公何之？」 安都躍馬至車後，曰：「小子庾淑之鞭我從弟，今指往刺殺之。」 元景慮其不可，駐車紿之曰：「小子無宜適，卿往與手甚快。」 安都既回馬，元景復呼之令下馬入車，因讓之曰：「卿從弟服章言論與寒細不異，且人身犯罪，理應加罰。 卿為朝廷勳臣，云何放恣，輒於都邑殺人。 非惟科律所不容，主上亦無辭相宥。」 因載俱歸，安都乃止。 其年以憚直免官。
His cousin Daosheng had likewise won a Grand Marshal clerkship through battle honors but broke the law and was beaten by Yu Shuzhi, magistrate of Moling. Andou flew into a rage. That same day he mounted with several dozen followers, spears in hand, and set out to kill Shuzhi. At the Zhuque crossing he met Liu Yuanjing, who called from a distance, "Where are you bound, Lord Xue? Andou galloped to the rear of Yuanjing's carriage and said, "That whelp Yu Shuzhi beat my cousin—I am off to run him through." Yuanjing, fearing disaster, stopped and coaxed him: "The lad had it coming—you will enjoy the business thoroughly." Andou was turning back when Yuanjing summoned him into the carriage and rebuked him: "Your cousin dresses and speaks like any lowborn fellow, and when a man breaks the law punishment is only right. You are one of the court's great servants of merit—how can you indulge yourself and murder someone in the capital at will? The law will not bear it, and the emperor will have no excuse to spare you." He drove back with Andou, who abandoned his plan. That year he was dismissed from office for his outspoken manner.
7
時王玄謨拒南郡王義宣、臧質于梁山，安都復領騎為支軍。 義宣遣將劉諶之及臧質攻玄謨。 玄謨命眾軍擊之，使安都引騎出賊陣右橫擊陷之，賊遂大潰。 轉太子右衛率。
Wang Xuemo was then blocking Yixuan and Zang Zhi at Liangshan; Andou again commanded cavalry as a separate wing. Yixuan sent Liu Chenzhi and Zang Zhi against Xuemo. Xuemo ordered a general assault and sent Andou's horsemen to strike the enemy's right flank; the line collapsed and the rebels fled in rout. He was transferred to Right Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard.
8
大明元年，魏軍向無鹽，遣安都領馬軍，東陽太守沈法系統水軍，並受徐州刺史申坦節度。 時魏軍已去，坦求回軍討任榛見許。 會天旱，水泉多竭，人馬疲困，不能遠追。 安都、法系白衣領職，坦系尚方。 任榛大抵在任城界，積世逋叛所聚，棘榛深密，難為用師，故能久自保藏，屢為人患。
In Daming year 1 Wei armies advanced on Wuyan. Andou led the cavalry, Shen Faxing of Dongyang the fleet, both under Inspector of Xuzhou Shen Tan. The Wei forces had already left. Tan asked leave to turn back and crush Ren Zhen, and permission was granted. Drought followed; water failed; men and horses were exhausted; they could not pursue. Andou and Faxing kept their titles but served in plain dress; Tan was sent to the Imperial Workshop in bonds. Ren Zhen lay chiefly in Rencheng, a haunt of rebels for generations. Dense thorn scrub made campaigning difficult, so the band could endure and plague the region again and again.
9
安都明年復職，改封武昌縣侯。 景和元年，為平北將軍、徐州刺史，加都督。
The following year Andou returned to office and was re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Wuchang. In Jinghe year 1 he became General Who Pacifies the North, Inspector of Xuzhou, with overall military authority.
10
時武衛將軍王廣之領軍隸劉勉，攻殷琰于壽陽，道固部將傅靈越為廣之軍人所禽，厲聲曰：「我傅靈越也。 汝得賊何不即殺。」 時生送詣勉，勉躬自慰勞，詰其叛逆。 對曰：「九州唱義，豈獨在我。」 勉又問：「卿何不早歸天闕，乃逃命草間？」 靈越曰：「薛公舉兵淮北，威震天下，不能專任智勇，委付子侄，致敗之由，實在於此。 人生歸於一死，實無面求活。」 勉壯其意，送還建鄴。 明帝欲加原宥，靈越辭對如一，終不回改，乃殺之。 靈越，清河人也。
Wang Guangzhi of the Martial Guard was then campaigning under Liu Mian against Yin Yan at Shouyang. Fu Lingyue, an officer of Dao Gu, was seized by Guangzhi's men and shouted, "I am Fu Lingyue! You have your enemy—why not kill him on the spot? They delivered him alive to Mian, who received him kindly and asked why he had rebelled. He replied, "The whole realm has taken up righteous arms—why should I alone bear the blame? Mian pressed him: "Why did you not come in to the throne earlier instead of skulking in the brush?" Lingyue said, "When Lord Xue raised the north Huai, his fame shook the world; yet he would not trust his own judgment and gave command to sons and nephews—that is why he was ruined. Life ends in death; I have no face left to beg for mercy." Mian respected his bearing and sent him to Jiankang. Emperor Ming meant to spare him, but Lingyue answered just as firmly and would not relent, so he was put to death. Lingyue came from Qinghe.
11
子勳平定，安都遣別駕從事史畢眾愛、下邳太守王煥等奏啟事詣明帝歸款。 索兒之死也，安都使柳光世守下邳，至是亦率所領歸降。 帝以四方已平，欲示威於淮外，遣張永、沈攸之以重軍迎安都，懼不免罪，遂降魏。
Once Zixun's revolt was crushed, Andou sent his registrar Bi Zhong'ai, Wang Huan of Xiapi, and others with memorials pledging loyalty to Emperor Ming. After Suo'er's death Andou had left Liu Guangshi holding Xiapi; he now brought his troops over as well. Believing the empire at peace, the emperor meant to awe the Huai frontier and sent Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi with a large army to take Andou into custody. Fearful of punishment, Andou defected to Wei.
12
深，安都從子也。 本名道深，避齊高帝偏諱改焉。 安都以彭城降魏，親族皆入北。 高帝鎮淮陰，深遁來，委身自結于高帝。 果乾有氣力。 宋元徽末，以軍功至驍騎將軍、軍主，封竟陵侯。
Shen was Andou's nephew. Born Daoshen, he changed his name to avoid the taboo of Qi's founding emperor. When Andou yielded Pengcheng to Wei, his entire clan crossed north. When the future Qi emperor held Huaiyin, Shen slipped south to attach himself and earn his favor. Bold, capable, and physically powerful. By the close of Song's Yuanyuan era he had won his way to General of Valiant Cavalry and independent command, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Jingling.
13
鄧琬字元琰，豫章南昌人也。 父胤之，宋孝武征虜長史、光祿勳。
Deng Wan, courtesy name Yuanyan, was from Nanchang in Yuzhang commandery. His father Yinzhi had been Chief of Staff to Emperor Xiaowu's General Who Conquers the Barbarians and later Minister of the Imperial Household.
14
孝武起義初，琬為南海太守，以弟瓊與臧質同逆遠徙，仍停廣州，久之得還。 歷位丹陽丞。 大明七年，車駕幸曆陽，追思在蕃之舊，擢琬為給事黃門侍郎。 明年，出為晉安王子勳鎮軍長史、尋陽內史，行江州事。
When Xiaowu first raised the standard, Wan was Administrator of Nanhai. His brother Qiong had followed Zang Zhi in revolt and was banished far off, so Wan stayed at Guangzhou and did not return for many years. He served in a series of posts, among them Assistant Magistrate of Danyang. In Daming year 7 the emperor visited Liyang, remembered their bond from his princely days, and promoted Wan to Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. The next year he left court as Chief Clerk on the staff of Prince Zixun of Jin'an and Interior Administrator of Xunyang, with acting authority over Jiangzhou.
15
前廢帝以文帝、孝武並次居第三，以登極位。 子勳次第既同，深致嫌疑，因何邁之謀，乃遣使齎藥賜死。 使至，子勳典簽謝道遇、主帥潘欣之、侍書褚靈嗣等馳以告琬，泣涕請計。 琬曰：「身南土寒士，蒙先帝殊恩，以愛子見托，當以死報效。」 景和元年冬，子勳戎服出聽事宣旨，欲舉兵，四坐未答。 錄事參軍陶亮曰：「請效死前驅。」 眾並奉旨。
The deposed emperor had noted that both Emperor Wen and Emperor Xiaowu reached the throne while third in line of succession. Zixun stood in the same succession rank, which bred deep suspicion; on He Mai's advice the court sent an envoy with poison to order his death. The envoy arrived; Zixun's registrar Xie Daoyu, staff commander Pan Xinzhi, attendant scribe Chu Lingsi, and others raced to Wan in tears, pleading for counsel. Wan said, "I am only a poor scholar of the south. The late emperor favored me and entrusted his beloved son to my care—I owe him my life in return. That winter in Jinghe year 1, Zixun appeared at court in armor to hear the decree and proposed to take up arms; no one in the hall spoke. The recorder Tao Liang said, "Let me die in the van. All present pledged obedience.
16
會明帝定亂，進子勳號車騎將軍、開府儀同三司。 令書至，諸佐史並喜造琬曰：「暴亂既除，殿下又開黃合，實為公私大慶。」 琬以子勳次第居三，又以尋陽起事，有符孝武，理必萬克。 乃取令書投地曰：「殿下當開端門，黃合是吾徒事耳。」 眾並駭愕。
While Emperor Ming was crushing the revolt, Zixun was promoted to Charioteer and Grand Master with staff equal to the Three Excellencies. The order arrived and the staff flocked to Wan in delight: "The rebellion is over and Your Highness has opened the Yellow Registry—a blessing for us all. Wan reasoned that Zixun, like Xiaowu, was third in line and had raised arms from Xunyang—success was inevitable. He flung the order down and said, "Your Highness must open the Vermilion Gate—the Yellow Registry is work for men like us. Everyone was stunned.
17
琬與陶亮等繕甲器，徵兵四方。 郢州刺史安陸王子綏、荊州刺史臨海王子頊、會稽太守尋陽王子房、雍州刺史袁顗、梁州刺史柳元怙、益州刺史蕭惠開、廣州刺史袁曇遠、徐州刺史薛安都、青州刺史沈文秀、冀州刺史崔道固、湘州行事何慧文、吳郡太守顧琛、吳興太守王曇生、晉陵太守袁標、義興太守劉延熙並同叛逆。 琬乃建牙于桑尾，傳檄建鄴，購明帝萬戶侯，布絹二萬匹，金銀五百斤，其餘各有差。
Wan and Tao Liang repaired arms and summoned soldiers from every direction. Prince Zisui of Anlu in Yingzhou, Prince Zixu of Linhai in Jingzhou, Prince Zifang of Xunyang in Kuaiji, Yuan Yan in Yongzhou, Liu Yuanku in Liangzhou, Xiao Huikai in Yizhou, Yuan Tanyuan in Guangzhou, Xue Andou in Xuzhou, Shen Wenxiu in Qingzhou, Cui Daogu in Jizhou, He Huiwen acting in Xiangzhou, Gu Chen in Wu, Wang Tansheng in Wuxing, Yuan Biao in Jinling, and Liu Yanxi in Yixing all rose together. Wan raised his banner at Sangwei, issued proclamations to Jiankang, and offered ten-thousand-household marquisate, twenty thousand bolts of silk, five hundred jin of gold and silver for Ming's head, with lesser prizes besides.
18
明帝遣荊州典簽邵宰乘驛還江陵，經過襄陽。 袁顗馳書報琬，勸勿解甲，並奉勸子勳即偽位。 琬乃稱說符瑞，令顧昭之撰為瑞命記。 造乘輿御服，立宗廟，設壇場，矯作崇憲太后璽令，群僚上偽號於子勳。 泰始二年正月七日，即位于尋陽城。 改景和三年為義嘉元年。 其日雲雨晦合，行禮忘稱萬歲。 取子勳所乘車除腳以為輦，置偽殿之西，其夕有鳩棲其中，鴞集其幰，又有禿鶖鳥集城上。 拜安陸王子綏為司徒，因雷電晦冥，震其黃合柱，鴟尾墮地。 又有鴟棲其帳上。
Emperor Ming sent Jingzhou registrar Shao Zai by courier toward Jiangling, passing Xiangyang. Yuan Yan wrote in haste urging Wan to keep his armor on and advising Zixun to declare himself emperor immediately. Wan touted miraculous signs and ordered Gu Zhaozhi to draft a Record of the Auspicious Mandate. They built imperial carriages and regalia, founded a temple, raised altars, forged orders in Empress Dowager Chongxian's name, and the officials hailed Zixun as emperor. On the seventh day of the first month, Taishi year 2, he was enthroned at Xunyang. The era was changed from Jinghe year 3 to Yijia year 1. Clouds and rain closed in that day; during the rites they forgot to cry "Long live the emperor!" They stripped the shafts from Zixun's carriage to make a palanquin and set it west of the false hall. That night a dove nested in it, owls on the canopy, bald storks on the walls. As Prince Zisui of Anlu was named Minister of State, thunder darkened the sky, struck the Yellow Registry pillar, and knocked the owl-tail finial to earth. An owl roosted on his tent as well.
19
琬性鄙闇，貪吝過甚，財貨酒食，皆身自量校。 至是父子並賣官鬻爵，使婢僕出市道販賣，酣歌博弈，日夜不休。 賓客到門者，曆旬不得前。 內事悉委褚靈嗣等三人，群小競為威福，士庶忿怨，內外離心矣。
Wan was vulgar, dim, and miserly beyond measure—he personally weighed every coin, ration, and cup. Father and son now sold offices, sent servants to hawk goods in the markets, and drank, sang, and gambled without pause. Visitors could wait ten days at the gate without seeing them. Domestic affairs went to Chu Lingsi and two confederates; lackeys fought for spoils, the people seethed, and the regime lost heart within and without.
20
明帝遣領軍將軍王玄謨領水軍南討，吳興太守張永為繼。 尚書下符：「奉詔以四王幼弱，不幸陷難，兵交之日，不得妄加侵犯。 若有逼損，誅翦無貸。」
Emperor Ming sent Wang Xuemo at the head of the fleet south, with Zhang Yong of Wuxing to follow. The Masters of Writing proclaimed: "By decree—the four princes are young and trapped in disaster; when battle is joined, none may harm them rashly. Whoever harms them will be cut down without pardon."
21
琬遣孫沖之等前鋒一萬據赭圻，沖之於道與子勳書，欲沿流掛帆，直取白下，請速遣陶亮眾軍相接，分據新亭。 亮本無干略，聞建安王休仁自上，殷孝祖又至，不敢進。 及孝祖中流矢死，沈攸之代為前鋒。 沖之謂陶亮曰：「孝祖梟將，一戰便死，天下事定矣，不須復戰。 便當直取京都。」 亮不從。
Wan sent Sun Chongzhi with ten thousand men to hold Zheqi. Chongzhi wrote urging Zixun to sail upstream straight for Baixia and begged Tao Liang to advance and occupy Xinting. Liang lacked military talent. Learning that Prince Xiuren of Jian'an and Yin Xiaozu were approaching, he held back. Xiaozu fell to a stray arrow; Shen Youzhi took the van in his place. Chongzhi told Tao Liang, "Xiaozu was a formidable fighter—one battle killed him. The empire is decided; why fight again? We ought to march on the capital immediately. Liang refused.
22
明帝遣員外散騎侍郎王道隆至赭圻督戰，眾軍奮擊，大破之。 琬又遣豫州刺史劉胡來屯鵲尾。 胡宿將，攸之等甚憚之。 胡鄉人蔡那、佼長生、張敬兒各領軍隸攸之在赭圻，胡因要那等共語。 那等說令歸順。 胡回軍入鵲尾，無他權略。
Emperor Ming sent Wang Daolong to direct the fight at Zheqi; the loyal troops charged and routed the rebels. Wan sent Liu Hu, Inspector of Yuzhou, to hold Quewei. Hu was a seasoned commander, and Youzhi's side feared him deeply. Hu's countrymen Cai Na, Jiao Changsheng, and Zhang Jing'er served under Youzhi at Zheqi; Hu called them to parley. They talked him into surrendering. Hu drew back into Quewei with no further plan.
23
建安王休仁自武檻進據赭圻，時胡等兵眾強盛，遠近疑惑。 明帝欲綏慰人情，遣吏部尚書褚彥回至武檻，選用將帥以下。 申謙、杜幼文因此求黃門，沈懷明、劉亮求中書郎。 建安王休仁即使彥回擬選，上不許，曰：「忠臣殉國，不謀其報，臨難以幹朝典，豈為下之節。」
Prince Xiuren marched from Wujian to Zheqi while Hu's army still looked formidable, leaving loyalists uneasy. To steady morale Ming sent Chu Yanhui of the Ministry of Personnel to Wujian to name officers and commanders. Shen Qian and Du Youwen asked for Palace Attendant posts; Shen Huaiming and Liu Liang for Secretariat posts. Xiuren had Yanhui draft the list, but the emperor refused: "True servants die for the state without bargaining; to seek promotion in crisis is unworthy of a subject."
24
沈攸之等與劉胡相持久不決，上又遣強弩將軍任農夫等領兵繼至。 攸之繕修船舸，板材不周，計無所出。 會琬送五千片榜供胡軍用，俄而風潮奔迅，榜突柵出江，胡等力不能制，趁流而下，泊攸之等營，於是材板大足。
Youzhi and Hu fought to a standstill until Ming sent Ren Nongfu and more troops. Youzhi was rebuilding his fleet but had no timber and no answer. Wan dispatched five thousand planks for Hu; a gale drove them through the boom into the river. Hu could not stop them—they drifted to Youzhi's camp, and suddenly he had wood enough.
25
琬進袁顗都督征討諸軍事，率樓船千艘來入鵲尾。 張興世建議越鵲尾上據錢溪，斷其糧道。 胡累攻之不能克，乃遣龍驤將軍陳慶領三百舸向錢溪，戒慶不須戰。 陳慶至錢溪不敢攻，越溪于梅根立砦。 胡別遣將王起領百舸攻興世，擊大破之，胡率其餘舸馳還。 顗更使胡攻興世。 休仁因此命沈攸之、吳喜、佼長生、劉靈遺、劉伯符等進攻濃湖，造皮艦千乘，拔其營柵，苦戰移日，大破之。 顗被攻急，馳信召胡令還。 張興世既據錢溪，江路阻斷，胡軍乏食。 琬大送資糧，畏興世不敢下。 胡遣將迎之，為錢溪所破，夜走徑趣梅根。 顗聞胡走，亦棄眾西奔，至青林見殺。
Wan made Yuan Yan supreme commander and led a thousand warships into Quewei. Zhang Xingshi urged bypassing Quewei to hold Qianxi and sever their supplies. Hu assaulted him in vain, then sent Chen Qing with three hundred boats toward Qianxi, ordering him not to engage. Chen Qing reached Qianxi, refused battle, crossed to Meigen, and threw up a camp. Hu sent Wang Qi with a hundred boats against Xingshi and was smashed; Hu fled with what was left. Yan ordered Hu to strike Xingshi again. Xiuren sent Youzhi, Wu Xi, Jiao Changsheng, Liu Lingyi, and Liu Bofu against Nonghu with a thousand leather assault craft, ripped their stockade, fought all day, and broke them utterly. Hard pressed, Yan recalled Hu by urgent dispatch. Once Xingshi held Qianxi the river line was cut and Hu's men starved. Wan shipped vast stores of grain but dared not run past Xingshi. Hu sent escorts; Xingshi destroyed them; they fled by night toward Meigen. Learning Hu had run, Yan abandoned his army and fled west to Qinglin, where he was slain.
26
琬惶擾無計，時張悅始發兄子浩喪，乃稱疾呼琬計事，令左右伏甲戒之，若聞索酒便出。 琬至，謀斬晉安王，封府庫以謝罪。 悅曰：「寧可賣殿下求活邪。」 因呼求酒，再呼，左右震懾不能應，第二子詢提刀出，余人續至，即斬琬。 悅因齎琬首詣建安王休仁降。 蔡那子道深以父為明帝效力被系作部，因亂脫鎖入城，執子勳囚之。
Wan panicked. Zhang Yue, mourning his nephew Hao, feigned sickness, called Wan to plot, hid armed men, and told them to emerge if he called for wine. They agreed to kill Prince Zixun of Jin'an, seal the treasury, and sue for mercy. Yue said, "Would you sell your prince to save your skin? He called for wine; at the second call his men froze; his son Xun drew a sword, others rushed in, and Wan was killed. Yue took Wan's head to Xiuren and submitted. Cai Na's son Daoshen, whose father fought for Ming, had been chained as a captive; in the turmoil he broke free, entered the city, and seized Zixun.
27
沈攸之諸軍至江州，斬子勳于桑尾牙下，傳首建鄴。 劉胡走入沔，竟陵郡丞陳懷直，憲子也，斷道邀之。 胡人馬既疲困，因隨懷直入城，告渴得酒，飲酒畢，引佩刀自刺不死，斬首送建鄴。 張興世弟僧彥追殺懷直，取胡首，竊有其功。
Youzhi's troops reached Jiangzhou, beheaded Zixun under the banner at Sangwei, and sent his head to Jiankang. Liu Hu fled into Mian; Chen Huaizhi, Jingling assistant and Xian's son, barred the road. Hu and his horses were spent; he entered the city with Huaizhi, begged wine, drank, tried to stab himself with his dagger, failed, and was beheaded—his head sent to Jiankang. Xingshi's brother Sengyan killed Huaizhi, took Hu's head, and claimed the prize wrongly.
28
荊州聞濃湖平，更議奉子頊奔益州就蕭惠開。 典簽阮道預、邵宰不同，曰：「雖復欲西，豈可得至。」 遣使歸罪。 荊州中從事宗景、土人姚儉等勒兵入城，執子頊以降。
Jingzhou, hearing Nonghu had fallen, debated sending Prince Zixu of Linhai west to Xiao Huikai in Yizhou. Registrars Ruan Daoyu and Shao Zai objected: "You may still want the west, but you will never get there. They sent messengers to surrender and plead guilt. Zong Jing of the secretariat staff and Yao Jian of the locality led soldiers in, seized Prince Zixu, and yielded.
29
劉胡，南陽涅陽人也，本以面坳黑似胡，故名坳胡，及長單名胡焉。 出身郡將，稍至隊主。 討伐諸蠻，往無不捷。 蠻甚畏憚之。 明帝即位，除越騎校尉。 蠻畏之，小兒啼，語云：「劉胡來。」 便止。
Liu Hu came from Niyang in Nanyang. His sunken, dark face earned him the nickname Ao Hu; in adulthood he was known simply as Hu. He started as a commandery soldier and rose to platoon chief. Against the Man tribes he never lost. The Man dreaded him. At Ming's accession he became Commandant of Elite Cavalry. The Man feared him so much that mothers hushed crying children with "Liu Hu is coming! The children fell silent.
30
宗越，南陽葉人也。 本為南陽次門。 安北將軍趙倫之鎮襄陽，襄陽多雜姓，越更被黜為役門。 出身補郡吏。 父為蠻所殺，越於市中刺殺讎人。 太守夏侯穆嘉其意，擢為隊主。 蠻有為寇盜者，常使越討伐，往輒有功。 家貧無以市馬，刀楯步出，單身挺戰，眾莫能當。 每一捷，郡將輒賞錢五千，因此得買馬。 元嘉二十四年，啟文帝求復次門，移戶屬冠軍縣，許之。 二十七年，隨柳元景侵魏，領馬幢隸柳元怙有戰功，還補後軍參軍督護，隨王誕戲之曰：「汝何人，遂得我府四字。」 越答曰：「佛狸未死，不憂不得諮議參軍。」 誕大笑。
Zong Yue came from Ye in Nanyang. His household had been classed as a secondary Nanyang clan. When Zhao Lunzhi pacified the north from Xiangyang—a city of many mixed clans—Yue was demoted again to corvée status. He began as a supplemental commandery clerk. The Man killed his father; Yue ran the killer through in the marketplace. Magistrate Xiahou Mu honored his resolve and made him platoon chief. When the Man plundered, they sent Yue; he always won. Too poor for a horse, he marched with blade and shield, fought alone in the melee, and none could stand against him. Each victory brought five thousand cash from the commandery officer, and at last he bought a horse. In Yuanjia year 24 he asked Emperor Wen to restore his secondary-household standing and move his register to Guanjun; the emperor agreed. In year 27 he joined Liu Yuanjing's Wei campaign, led horse pennants under Liu Yuanku with distinction, and returned as Rear Army staff officer and protector. Prince Dan of Sui teased him: "Who are you to earn a four-character post in my command? Yue replied, "Buddha Li still lives—I'll yet be a consultation staff officer." Dan roared with laughter.
31
大明三年，為長水校尉。 竟陵王誕據廣陵反，越領馬軍隸沈慶之攻誕。 及城陷，孝武使悉殺城內男丁。 越受旨行誅，躬臨其事，莫不先加捶撻，或有鞭其面者，欣欣然若有所得，凡殺數千人。 改封始安縣子。
In Daming year 3 he became Commandant of the Long River. When Prince Dan of Jingling rebelled at Guangling, Yue led cavalry under Shen Qingzhi against him. When the city fell, Emperor Xiaowu ordered every male in it put to death. Ordered to execute the slaughter, Yue supervised it himself. Every victim was beaten first—some flogged in the face—and he looked pleased, as if at a prize. He killed several thousand men. He was re-enfeoffed as Viscount of Shi'an.
32
前廢帝景和元年，進爵為侯，召為遊擊將軍、直合，領南濟陰太守，改領南東海太守。 帝凶暴無道，而越、譚金、童太一併為之用命，誅戮群公及何邁等，莫不盡心竭力，故帝憑其爪牙，無所忌憚。 賜與越等美女金帛，充牣其家。 越等武人粗強，識不及遠，感一往意氣，皆無復二心。 帝時南巡，明旦便發，其夕悉聽越等出外宿，明帝因此定亂。 明晨越等併入，被撫接甚厚。 越改領南濟陰太守，本官如故。
In Jinghe year 1 under the deposed emperor he rose to marquis, became General of Mobile Strikes and a palace guard officer, held Southern Jiyin, then Southern Donghai. The emperor was savage and cruel, but Yue, Tan Jin, and Tong Taiyi did his bidding. They hunted down ministers and He Mai with brutal zeal, and he leaned on them without fear. He showered them with women, gold, and silk until their houses overflowed. These rough soldiers could not see far; a flash of personal loyalty left them without second thoughts. The emperor toured south and meant to leave at dawn. That night he let Yue and the rest sleep outside the palace—giving Ming his chance to seize power. Next morning they entered court and were treated with elaborate courtesy. Yue was shifted to Southern Jiyin while keeping his other titles.
33
越等既為廢帝盡心，慮明帝不能容之。 上接待雖厚，內並懷懼。 上意亦不欲使其居中，從容謂曰：「卿遭離暴朝，勤勞日久，兵馬大郡，隨卿等所擇。」 越等素已自疑，及聞此旨，皆相顧失色。 因謀作難，以告沈攸之，攸之具白帝，即日下獄死。
Having served the deposed emperor faithfully, they feared Ming would not spare them. The throne welcomed them warmly, yet each man was afraid within. Ming did not want them at court and said gently, "You suffered under a tyrant and served long. Choose any great military commandery you wish. Already uneasy, they exchanged glances and went white at the words. They plotted revolt and confided in Shen Youzhi, who told the emperor everything. That day they were jailed and executed.
34
越善立營陣，每數萬人止頓，自騎馬前行，使軍人隨其後，馬止營合，未嘗參差。 及沈攸之代殷孝祖為南討前鋒，時孝祖新死，眾心並懼。 攸之歎曰：「宗公可惜，故有勝人處。」 而性嚴酷，好行刑誅，時王玄謨禦下亦少恩，將士為之語曰：「寧作五年徒，不逐王玄謨，玄謨猶尚可，宗越更殺我。」
Yue excelled at encampments. With tens of thousands on the march he rode ahead; when he halted, the camp formed without a gap. When Youzhi replaced the fallen Yin Xiaozu as southern vanguard, the army was shaken with fear. Youzhi sighed, "A pity about Lord Zong—he had his strengths. Yet he was cruel and fond of killing. Soldiers said, "Better five years as a convict than serve Wang Xuemo—Xuemo is bearable, but Zong Yue will kill you."
35
譚金在魏時，與薛安都有舊，後出新野居牛門村。 及安都歸國，金常隨征討，副安都，排堅陷陣，氣力兼人。 孝建三年，為屯騎校尉、直合，領南清河太守。 景和元年，前廢帝誅群公，金等並為之用，封金平都縣男，童太一宜陽縣男，沈攸之東興縣男。
In Wei service Tan Jin had known Xue Andou; later he settled at Niumen in Xinye. When Andou defected south, Jin campaigned at his side as deputy, breaching lines with superhuman force. In Xiaojian year 3 he was Commandant of Escort Cavalry, palace guard, and Administrator of Southern Qinghe. In Jinghe year 1 the deposed emperor slaughtered the ministers. Jin was made Baron of Pingdu, Tong Taiyi of Yiyang, Youzhi of Dongxing.
36
越州裏又有武念、佼長生、曹欣之、蔡那並以將帥顯。 武念位至南陽太守，長生甯蠻校尉，曹欣之驍騎將軍； 蔡那見子道恭傳。
Around Yue district Wu Nian, Jiao Changsheng, Cao Xinzhi, and Cai Na also rose as noted commanders. Wu Nian became Administrator of Nanyang, Changsheng Commandant Who Pacifies the Man, Cao Xinzhi General of Valiant Cavalry; on Cai Na see the biography of his son Daogong.
37
吳喜，吳興臨安人也。 本名喜公，明帝減為喜。 出身為領軍府白衣吏。 少知書，領軍將軍沈演之使寫起居注，所寫既畢，闇誦略皆上口。 演之嘗作讓表，未奏失本，喜經一見即寫，無所漏脫。 演之甚知之。 因此涉獵史、漢，頗見古今。 演之門生朱重人入為主書，薦喜為主書吏，進為主圖令史。 文帝嘗求圖書，喜開卷倒進之，帝怒遣出。 會太子步兵校尉沈慶之征蠻，啟文帝請喜自隨，為孝武所知。 稍遷至河東太守、殿中御史。
Wu Xi came from Lin'an in Wuxing commandery. Born Xigong, he was renamed Xi when Emperor Ming shortened the name. He started as an unpaid clerk in the palace guard directorate. He could read from youth. Shen Yanzhi had him copy the imperial diary; when finished he could recite it from memory. Yanzhi lost a draft resignation memorial before it was filed; Xi had seen it once and reproduced it without omission. Yanzhi prized him highly. He then read histories and gained a working knowledge of past and present. Student Zhu Chongren became Master of Documents, recommended Xi as clerk, and promoted him to maps archivist. Emperor Wen requested a book; Xi handed it in upside down and was dismissed in anger. Shen Qingzhi campaigning against the Man asked Wen to let Xi accompany him, and Xiaowu took notice of Xi. He rose to Administrator of Hedong and palace censor.
38
明帝即位，四方反叛，喜請得精兵三百致死於東。 帝大悅，即假建武將軍，簡羽林勇士配之。 議者以喜刀筆吏，不嚐為將，不可遣。 中書舍人巢尚之曰：「喜隨沈慶之累經軍旅，性既勇決，又習戰陣，若能任之，必有成績。」 喜乃東討。
At Ming's accession, with revolt everywhere, Xi asked for three hundred picked men to die fighting in the east. The emperor was delighted, named him acting General Who Establishes Martial Might, and gave him picked guardsmen. Critics said a clerk who had never commanded troops should not be sent. Chao Shangzhi of the Secretariat said, "Xi followed Qingzhi through many wars—bold, resolute, trained in battle. Entrust him and he will deliver. Xi marched east.
39
喜在孝武世既見驅使，性寬厚，所至人並懷之。 及東討，百姓聞吳河東來，便望風降散，故喜所至克捷。 遷步兵校尉，封竟陵縣侯。
Under Xiaowu Xi had already been used; generous by nature, he won people wherever he went. On the eastern campaign the people heard "Wu of Hedong is coming" and surrendered in waves, so Xi won with ease. He became Commandant of Footsoldiers and Marquis of Jingling.
40
東土平定，又率所領南討，遷尋陽太守。 泰始四年，改封東興縣侯，除右軍將軍、淮陽太守，兼太子左衛率。 五年，轉驍騎將軍，太守、兼率如故。 其年，大破魏軍于荊亭。 六年，又率軍向豫州拒魏軍，加都督豫州諸軍事。 明年還建鄴。
After the east was pacified he led troops south again and was made Administrator of Xunyang. In Taishi year 4 he was re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Dongxing, General of the Right Army, Administrator of Huaiyang, and Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard. In year 5 he became General of Valiant Cavalry while keeping his other posts. That year he crushed Wei armies at Jingting. In year 6 he marched to Yuzhou against Wei with overall command of its armies. The next year he returned to Jiankang.
41
初，喜東征，白明帝得尋陽王子房及諸賊帥即於東梟斬。 東土既平，喜見南賊方熾，慮後翻覆受禍，乃生送子房還都。 凡諸大主帥顧琛、王曇生之徒皆被全活。 上以喜新立大功，不問而心銜之。 及平荊州，恣意剽虜，贓私萬計。 又嘗對客言漢高、魏武本是何人。 上聞之益不悅。 後壽寂之死，喜內懼，因乞中散大夫。 上尤疑之。 及上有疾，為身後之慮，疑其將來不能事幼主，乃賜死。 上召入內殿，與言謔酬接甚款，賜以名饌並金銀禦器。 敕將命者勿使食器宿喜家。 上素多忌諱，不欲令食器停凶禍之室故也。 及喜死，發詔賻贈，子徽人襲。
When Xi first marched east he promised Ming he would behead Prince Zifang of Xunyang and the rebel chiefs on the spot. After the east was quiet he feared southern rebels might later ruin him, so he sent Zifang alive to the capital. Great commanders like Gu Chen and Wang Tansheng were also spared. Ming did not punish Xi for his fresh triumph but nursed resentment. Pacifying Jingzhou he looted freely, amassing private wealth beyond count. He once told guests what sort of men Han Gaozu and Wei Wudi had been. The emperor grew still more displeased. After Shouji's death Xi grew afraid and asked to become a palace cadet. The emperor suspected him still more. When the emperor fell ill he doubted Xi would serve a child emperor and ordered him to die. He summoned Xi to the inner hall, chatted familiarly, and gave him delicacies and imperial gold and silver. He told the executioner not to leave the imperial vessels overnight in Xi's house. Ming was full of taboos and would not let feast ware stay where doom had fallen. After Xi died an edict ordered funeral gifts; his son Hui inherited the title.
42
黃回，竟陵郡軍人也。 出身充郡府雜使，稍至傳教。 臧質為郡，轉為齋帥。 及去職，以回自隨。 質討元凶，回隨從有功，免軍戶。 後隨質於梁山敗走，被錄，遇赦，因下都。 于宣陽門與人相打，詐稱江夏王義恭馬客，被鞭二百，付右尚方。 會中書舍人戴明寶被系，差回為戶伯。 奉事明寶，竭心盡力，明寶尋得原赦，委任如初，啟免回以領隨身隊統，知宅及江西墅事。 性巧，觸類多能，明寶甚寵任之。
Huang Hui was a soldier from Jingling commandery. He began as a miscellaneous attendant in the commandery yamen and rose to transmission instructor. When Zang Zhi governed the commandery, Hui became quartermaster. When Zhi left office Hui followed him. When Zhi marched against the usurper Hui followed with merit and was freed from military-household status. Later he fled with Zhi from defeat at Liangshan, was captured, amnestied, and went to the capital. At Xuanyang Gate he brawled, claimed to be a client of Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, was flogged two hundred times, and sent to the Right Imperial Workshop. When Dai Mingbao of the Secretariat was imprisoned, Hui was made barracks chief over him. He served Mingbao devotedly; Mingbao was pardoned, trusted him again, freed him, and made him head of his personal guard and manager of house and estate. Clever at many crafts, he won Mingbao's deep trust.
43
元徽初，桂陽王休範為逆，回以屯騎校尉領軍隸齊高帝，於新亭創詐降之計，回見休範可乘，謂張敬兒曰：「卿可取之，我誓不殺諸王。」 敬兒即日斬休範。 事平，進爵為侯，改封聞喜縣。
At Yuanyuan's start Prince Xiufan of Guiyang rebelled. Hui, Commandant of Escort Cavalry under the future Qi emperor at Xinting, devised a false surrender and told Zhang Jing'er, "Take him—I swear not to kill princes. Jing'er beheaded Xiufan the same day. After victory he was advanced to marquis and re-enfeoffed in Wenxi.
44
四年，遷冠軍將軍、南琅邪濟陽二郡太守。 建平王景素反，回又率軍前討。 城平之日，回軍先入。 又以景素讓張倪奴。 明年遷右衛將軍。 沈攸之反，以回為平西將軍、郢州刺史，率眾出新亭為前鋒，未發而袁粲據於石頭，不從齊高帝。 回與新亭諸將任候伯、彭文之、王宜興等謀應粲，攻高帝於朝堂。 事既不果，高帝撫之如舊。 回與宜興素不協，斬之。
In year 4 he became General Who Conquers the Champions and Administrator of Nanlangye and Jiyang. When Prince Jingsu of Jianping rebelled, Hui led troops against him. When the city fell Hui's men entered first. He yielded capture of Jingsu to Zhang Ninu. The next year he became General of the Right Guard. When Youzhi rebelled, Hui was made General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Yingzhou, to lead the vanguard from Xinting; before he marched Yuan Can held Shitou against the Qi emperor. Hui with Ren Houbo, Peng Wenzhi, Wang Yixing, and other Xinting officers plotted with Can to strike the Qi emperor in court. The plot failed; the Qi emperor treated him as before. Hui and Yixing were enemies; he beheaded him.
45
宜興，吳興人也，形狀短小而果勁有膽力，少年時為劫不須伴，郡縣討逐，圍繞數十重，終莫能擒。 嘗舞刀楯，回使十餘人以水交灑不能著。 明帝泰始中為將，在壽陽間與魏戰，每以少制多，挺身深入。 以平建平王景素功，封長壽縣男。 至是為屯騎校尉，見殺。
Yixing of Wuxing was short but fierce. As a youth he robbed alone; even when surrounded by dozens of pursuers he escaped. Once with blade and shield, a dozen men splashing water at him could not wet him. Under Ming in the Taishi era he fought at Shouyang against Wei, often beating larger forces by plunging in himself. For suppressing Prince Jingsu he was enfeoffed Baron of Changshou. Now Commandant of Escort Cavalry, he was killed.
46
回進軍未至郢州而沈攸之敗走。 回不樂停郢州，固求南兗，遂率部曲輒還，改封安陸郡公，徙南兗州刺史，加都督。
Hui had not reached Yingzhou when Youzhi was beaten and fled. Unwilling to stay in Yingzhou, he demanded Southern Yanzhou, marched his troops back without leave, was made Duke of Anlu, and became Inspector of Southern Yanzhou with overall command.
47
齊高帝以回專殺，終不附己，乃使召之。 及上車，愛妾見赤光冠其頭至足，苦止不肯住。 及至見誅。
The Qi emperor, seeing Hui's arbitrary killings and refusal to submit, summoned him. As he boarded his carriage his concubine saw red light from head to foot and begged him to stay; he would not. He was executed on arrival.
48
回既貴，祗事戴明寶甚謹。 言必自名，未嘗敢坐，躬至帳下及入內料檢有無，隨乏供送，以此為常。
Once elevated, Hui served Dai Mingbao with scrupulous reverence. He always named himself in speech, never sat in Mingbao's presence, inspected stores in person, and supplied whatever was missing—his daily habit.
49
回同時為將有南郡高道慶，凶險暴橫，求欲無已，有失其意者，輒加捶拉，往往有死者。 朝廷畏之如虎狼。 齊高帝與袁粲等議，收付廷尉賜死。
A contemporary commander was Gao Daoqing of Nan Commandery—brutal, insatiable, beating men to death when crossed. The court feared him like a tiger or wolf. The Qi emperor consulted Yuan Can and the rest, had him seized, handed to the Minister of Justice, and ordered death.
50
論曰：凶人之濟其身業，非世亂其莫由焉。 魯爽以亂世之請而行之於平日，其取敗也宜哉。 安都自致奔亡，亦為幸矣。 鄧琬以亂濟亂，終致顛隕。 宗越釁稔惡盈，旋至夷戮，各其職也。 吳喜以定亂之功，勞未酬而禍集； 黃回以助順之志，福未驗而災生，唯命也哉。
The commentary says: Violent men could advance their careers only because the age itself was violent—without turmoil they would have had no path. Liu Shuang acted in peacetime as if the realm were still in chaos; it is no wonder he was ruined. Andou brought exile on himself—given the alternatives, even that was a kind of mercy. Deng Wan fed rebellion with rebellion and in the end was overthrown. Zong Yue's crimes piled up until his wickedness overflowed; swift extermination followed—each man received his due. Wu Xi, who had pacified rebellion, was destroyed before his service could be rewarded; Huang Hui, who had aided the legitimate cause, met disaster before fortune could prove itself—such is fate.