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列傳第五十四
Biographies 54
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江子一胡僧佑徐文盛陰子春杜崱王琳張彪
Jiang Ziyi, Hu Sengyou, Xu Wencheng, Yin Zichun, Du Qi, Wang Lin, and Zhang Biao
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江子一字元亮，濟陽考城人，晉散騎常侍統之七世孫也。 父法成，奉朝請。
Jiang Ziyi, whose style name was Yuanliang, came from Kaocheng in Jiyang. He was the seventh-generation descendant of Jiang Tong, Regular Attendant-at-Large under the Jin. His father Jiang Facheng held the post of Court Gentleman for Imperial Audiences.
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子一少慷慨有大志。 家貧，以孝聞，苦侍養多闕； 因終身蔬食。 仕梁起家為王國侍郎、奉朝請。 上書言事，為當軸所排，乃拜表求入北為刺客。 武帝異之。 又啟求觀書秘閣，武帝許之，有敕直華林省。 其姑夫左衛將軍朱異權要當朝，休下之日，賓客輻湊。 異不為物議所歸，欲引子一為助，子一未嘗造門，其高潔如此。 為遂昌、曲阿令，皆著美績。 後為南津校尉。
From youth Ziyi was open-handed and ambitious. The family was poor. He was famed for filial devotion, yet he often could not fully provide for his parents; and so he ate only plain vegetarian fare for the rest of his life. He entered Liang service as Kingdom Attendant and Court Gentleman for Imperial Audiences. After a memorial on public affairs earned him the enmity of those at the helm, he petitioned to be sent north as an assassin. Emperor Wu was struck by his daring. He also asked leave to read in the Secret Archive. The emperor agreed and ordered him stationed at the Hualin Office. His uncle by marriage Zhu Yi, Left Guards General, was the man of the hour. On his days off guests thronged his gate. Yi lacked public esteem and sought Ziyi's backing, but Ziyi never once crossed his threshold—so upright was he. As magistrate of Suichang and then Qu'e he earned a reputation for excellent administration. He was later made Commandant of Southern Ford.
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弟子四，曆尚書金部郎。 大同初，遷右丞。 兄弟性並剛烈。 子四自右丞上封事，極言得失，武帝甚善之，詔曰：「屋漏在上，知之在下，其令尚書詳擇，施于時政。」 左戶郎沈炯、少府丞顧璵嘗奏事不允，帝厲色呵責之。 子四乃趨前代炯等對，對甚激切。 帝怒呼縛之，子四乃據地不受。 帝怒亦歇，乃釋之，猶坐免職。
His younger brother Zisi had served as Gentleman of the Gold Bureau in the Ministry of Revenue. Early in the Datong era he was promoted to Right Vice Director of the Secretariat. The brothers shared a fierce, unyielding temper. From the Right Vice Directorship Zisi submitted a sealed memorial on what was right and wrong in government. Emperor Wu praised it highly and decreed: "When the roof leaks, those above learn of it from those below. Let the Ministry of State Affairs review this carefully and put what fits into practice. When Left Household Gentleman Shen Jiong and Junior Chamberlain Gu Yu once failed to win approval on a report, the emperor scolded them harshly to their faces. Zisi stepped forward to answer for Jiong and the others in words that cut deep. The emperor in fury ordered him bound. Zisi sat down on the ground and refused to be taken. The emperor's wrath cooled and he let him go, but Zisi was still removed from office.
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及侯景攻陷曆陽，自橫江將度，子一帥舟師千餘人於下流欲邀之，其副董桃生走，子一乃退還南洲，收余眾步赴建鄴，見於文德殿。 帝怒之，具以事對，且曰：「臣以身許國，常恐不得其死，今日之事，何所復惜。 不死闕前，終死闕後耳。」 及城被圍，開承明門出戰。 子一及弟尚書左丞子四、東宮直殿主帥子五並力戰直前，賊坐甲不起。 子一引矟撞之，賊縱突騎，眾並縮。 子一刺其騎，騎倒矟折，賊解其肩，時年六十二。 弟曰：「與兄俱出，何面獨旋。」 乃免胄赴敵，子四矟洞胸死，子五傷脰，還至塹一慟而絕。 賊義子一之勇，歸之，面如生。 詔贈子一給事黃門侍郎，子四中書侍郎，子五散騎侍郎。 侯景平，元帝又追贈子一侍中，諡義子； 子四黃門侍郎，諡毅子； 子五中書侍郎，諡烈子。
When Hou Jing took Liyang and prepared to cross the Yangzi from Hengjiang, Ziyi led a fleet of more than a thousand men downstream to intercept him. His deputy Dong Taosheng deserted. Ziyi fell back to South Islet, rallied what forces remained, marched overland to Jiankang, and was received in Wende Hall. The emperor was furious. Ziyi gave a full account and said: "I have pledged my life to the state and always feared I might not die as a loyal man should. In what happened today, what is there left for me to hold back? If I do not die before the palace gates, I shall die behind them in the end. When the city was besieged, Chenming Gate was opened and they sallied forth to battle. Ziyi, his brother Zisi the Left Vice Director, and his brother Ziwu commander of the Eastern Palace guard fought straight ahead with all their might. The rebels sat armored and would not stand. Ziyi drove in with his spear. The rebels unleashed shock cavalry and everyone fell back. He ran a rider through; the man fell and Ziyi's spear snapped. The rebels cut off his shoulder. He was sixty-two. One brother cried: "We marched out with our elder brother—how can we turn back alone? They tore off their helmets and charged the enemy. Zisi took a spear through the chest and died. Ziwu was struck in the neck, reached the moat, gave one great sob, and died. The rebels respected Ziyi's courage, returned his body, and his face looked as though he still lived. An edict posthumously granted Ziyi Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, Zisi Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Ziwu Attendant Cavalry Gentleman. After Hou Jing was crushed, Emperor Yuan further granted Ziyi the post of Palace Attendant with the posthumous title Loyal Son; Zisi Vice Director of the Yellow Gate, posthumous title Resolute Son; Ziwu Vice Director of the Secretariat, posthumous title Fierce Son.
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子一續黃圖及班固「九品」，並辭賦文章數十篇，行於世。
Ziyi continued the Yellow Chart and Ban Gu's Nine Ranks, and left several dozen fu, rhapsodies, and essays still in circulation.
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晚事梁元帝。 侯景之亂，西沮蠻反，元帝令僧佑討之，使盡誅其渠帥。 僧佑諫忤旨，下獄。
In his later years he served Emperor Yuan of Liang. During Hou Jing's rebellion the Western Ju tribes rose. Emperor Yuan sent Sengyou against them with orders to execute every chieftain. Sengyou remonstrated against the order, offended the throne, and was imprisoned.
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大寶二年，景圍王僧辯于巴陵，元帝乃引僧佑於獄，拜為假節、武猛將軍，封新市縣侯，令援僧辯。 將發泣下，謂其子屺曰：「汝可開朱白二門，吾不捷則死。 吉則由朱，凶則由白也。」 元帝聞而壯之。 前至赤沙亭，會陸法和至，乃與並軍，大敗景將任約軍，禽約送江陵。 侯景聞之遂遁。 後拜領軍將軍，厚自封殖。 以所加鼓吹恒置齋中，對之自娛。 人曰：「此是羽儀，公名望隆重，不宜若此。」 答曰：「我性愛之，恒須見耳。」 或出遊亦以自隨，人士笑之。
In the second year of Dabao, Hou Jing besieged Wang Sengbian at Baling. Emperor Yuan released Sengyou from prison, made him Acting Commissioner with Credentials and Fierce Martial General, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Xinshi, and ordered him to relieve Sengbian. As he was about to march he wept and told his son Qi: "Open the red gate if I win and the white gate if I lose. If I do not prevail, I die. Victory comes through the red; defeat through the white. Emperor Yuan heard this and admired his resolve. He reached Chisha Pavilion, joined Lu Fahe, and together they routed the army of Hou Jing's general Ren Yue, captured Yue, and sent him to Jiangling. Hou Jing heard the news and fled. He was later made General of the Palace Guards and amassed great private wealth. He kept the ceremonial drum-and-pipe band he had been granted permanently in his study and entertained himself before it. Someone told him: "That music is state regalia. A man of your standing ought not behave so. He replied: "I love it by nature and must always have it before my eyes." When he traveled abroad he took the band with him as well, and people laughed.
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承聖二年，為車騎將軍、開府儀同三司。 及魏軍至，以僧佑為都督城東諸軍事。 俄中流矢卒，城遂潰。
In the second year of Chengsheng he was made General of Chariots and Cavalry with Bountiful Ceremony Equal to the Three Excellencies. When the Wei army arrived he was made commander of all forces east of the city. Soon he was struck by a stray arrow and died, and the city fell.
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徐文盛字道茂，彭城人也。 家本魏將。 父慶之，梁天監初自北歸南，未至道卒。 文盛仍統其眾，稍立功績。 大同末，為甯州刺史。 州在僻遠，群蠻劫竊相尋，前後刺史莫能制。 文盛推心撫慰，夷人感之，風俗遂改。
Xu Wencheng, style name Daomao, was from Pengcheng. His family had originally served as Wei generals. His father Qingzhi set out from the north for the south early in the Tianjian era but died on the road before he arrived. Wencheng took command of his father's men and gradually won distinction. Late in the Datong era he became Inspector of Ning Prefecture. The prefecture lay in a remote corner where tribal raiders struck again and again, and no previous inspector had been able to control them. Wencheng won them with sincerity and kindness. The tribes were moved, and local customs changed.
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太清二年，聞國難，乃召募得數萬人來赴，元帝以為秦州刺史，加都督，授以東討之略。 東下至武昌，遇侯景將任約，遂與相持。 元帝又命護軍將軍尹悅、平東將軍杜幼安、巴州刺史王珣等會之，並受文盛節度。 大敗約于貝磯。 約退保西陽，文盛進據蘆洲，又與相持。 景聞之，率大眾西上援約，至西陽。 諸將咸曰：「景水軍輕進，又甚饑疲，擊之必大捷。」 文盛不許。 文盛妻石氏先在建鄴，至是，景載以還之。 文盛深德景，遂密通信使，都無戰心，眾咸憤怨。 杜幼安、宋簉等乃率所領獨進，大破景，獲其舟艦以歸。 會景密遣騎間道襲陷郢州，軍中懼，遂大潰，文盛奔還荊州。 元帝仍以為城北面大都督，又聚斂贓汙甚多，元帝大怒，下令數其十罪，除其官爵。 文盛私懷怨望，帝聞之，乃以下獄。 時任約被禽，與文盛同禁。 文盛謂約曰：「何不早降，令我至此。」 約曰：「門外不見卿馬跡，使我何處得降。」 文盛無以答，遂死獄中。
In the second year of Taiqing, hearing of the national crisis, he raised tens of thousands of men and marched east. Emperor Yuan made him Inspector of Qin Prefecture with command authority and entrusted him with the eastern campaign. He marched downriver to Wuchang, met Hou Jing's general Ren Yue, and settled into a stalemate. Emperor Yuan also ordered Protector of the Army Yin Yue, Pacifier of the East Du You'an, Inspector of Ba Prefecture Wang Xun, and others to join him, all under Wencheng's command. He routed Yue at Beiji. Yue fell back to Xiyang. Wencheng advanced to Luzhou and again the two armies faced each other. Hou Jing heard the news, led a great force upriver to relieve Yue, and reached Xiyang. The generals all said: "Jing's fleet has advanced recklessly and his men are starving and exhausted. Strike now and the victory will be complete. Wencheng refused. Wencheng's wife Lady Shi had been in Jiankang. Now Hou Jing sent her back to him under escort. Wencheng felt deep gratitude toward Hou Jing and began secret correspondence with him. He lost all will to fight, and his troops seethed with anger. Du You'an, Song Chou, and others led their own troops forward on their own, routed Hou Jing, and returned with his ships. Just then Hou Jing sent cavalry by a hidden route and seized Ying Prefecture. Panic spread through the army, the host broke, and Wencheng fled back to Jingzhou. Emperor Yuan still made him Grand Commander of the northern sector of the city, but Wencheng had also extorted vast illicit wealth. The emperor in fury listed ten crimes and stripped him of rank and office. Wencheng nursed private resentment. When the emperor heard of it, he was thrown into prison. Ren Yue had just been captured and was imprisoned with him. Wencheng said to Yue: "Why did you not surrender sooner and spare me this? Yue replied: "There were no tracks of your horses outside the gate. Where was I supposed to surrender?" Wencheng had no reply and died in prison.
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陰子春字幼文，武威姑臧人也。 晉義熙末，曾祖襲隨宋武帝南遷，至南平，因家焉。 父智伯與梁武帝鄰居，少相善，嘗入帝臥內，見有異光成五色，因握帝手曰：「公後必大貴，非人臣也。 天下方亂，安蒼生者其在君乎。」 帝曰：「幸勿多言。」 於是情好轉密，帝每有求，如外府焉。 及帝踐阼，官至梁、秦二州刺史。
Yin Zichun, style name Youwen, came from Guzang in Wuwei. At the end of the Yixi era his great-grandfather Xi followed Emperor Wu of Song south. The family settled at Nanping. His father Zhibo had been a neighbor of Emperor Wu of Liang and had known him from youth. Once he entered the emperor's bedchamber and saw a strange light in five colors. He took the emperor's hand and said: "You are destined for the highest fortune. You are not meant to remain a subject. The realm is in turmoil. Perhaps you are the one to bring peace to the people. The emperor said: "Please say no more of this." From then on their bond grew intimate. Whenever the emperor needed anything, Zhibo supplied it as freely as an external prefecture. When the emperor took the throne, Zhibo rose to Inspector of Liang and Qin prefectures.
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子春仕歷位朐山戍主、東莞太守。 時青州石鹿山臨海，先有神廟，刺史王神念以百姓祈禱糜費，毀神影，壞屋舍。 當坐棟上有一大蛇長丈餘，役夫打撲不禽，得入海水。 爾夜，子春夢見人通名詣子春云：「有人見苦，破壞宅舍。 既無所托，欽君厚德，欲憩此境。」 子春心密記之。 經二日而知之，甚驚，以為前所夢神。 因辦牲醑請召，安置一處。 數日，復夢一朱衣人相聞，辭謝云：「得君厚惠，當以一州相報。」 子春心喜，供事彌勤。 經月余，魏欲襲朐山，間諜前知，子春設伏摧破之，詔授南青州刺史，鎮朐山。 又遷都督、梁秦二州刺史。
Zichun served as Garrison Commander of Gushan and then Administrator of Dongguan. On Shilu Mountain in Qingzhou, by the sea, there stood an old spirit shrine. Inspector Wang Shennian, deeming the people's offerings wasteful, destroyed the spirit image and tore down the buildings. As workmen sat on the ridge beam a serpent more than ten feet long appeared. They struck at it but could not catch it, and it slipped into the sea. That night Zichun dreamed that a man announced himself and came to him saying: "Someone has been wronged and his dwelling destroyed. With nowhere left to lodge, he admires your virtue and wishes to rest in your jurisdiction. Zichun kept the dream in mind. Two days later he learned what had happened and was startled, believing it was the spirit of his dream. He prepared offerings and wine, summoned the spirit, and gave it a place to dwell. Days later he dreamed again of a man in red robes who thanked him and said: "Having received your kindness, I shall repay you with a whole province. Zichun was delighted and served the spirit all the more diligently. More than a month later Wei planned an attack on Gushan. Spies brought word in advance. Zichun laid an ambush and crushed the enemy. An edict made him Inspector of Southern Qing Prefecture with his seat at Gushan. He was later made Commander and Inspector of Liang and Qin prefectures.
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子春雖無佗才行，臨人以廉潔稱。 閨門混雜，而身服垢汙，腳數年一洗，言每洗則失財敗事，雲在梁州，以洗足致梁州敗。 太清二年，徵為左衛將軍，遷侍中。 屬侯景亂，元帝令子春隨王僧辯攻平邵陵王。 又與左衛將軍徐文盛東討景，至貝磯與景遇，子春力戰，恒冠諸軍。 會郢州陷沒，軍遂退，卒於江陵。 子鏗。
Zichun had little else to recommend him, but as a magistrate he was known for integrity. His household was disorderly, yet he himself went filthy. He washed his feet only once every few years, saying each wash brought loss and ruin. People said that in Liang Prefecture he had lost the province because he washed his feet. In the second year of Taiqing he was summoned as Left Guards General and promoted to Palace Attendant. During Hou Jing's rebellion Emperor Yuan ordered Zichun to follow Wang Sengbian against the Prince of Shaoling. He also marched east with Left Guards General Xu Wencheng against Hou Jing. At Beiji they met the enemy, and Zichun fought so fiercely that he always led the field. When Ying Prefecture fell the army retreated, and he died at Jiangling. His son was Yin Keng.
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鏗字子堅，博涉史傳，尤善五言詩，被當時所重。 為梁湘東王法曹行參軍。 初鏗嘗與賓友宴飲，見行觴者，因回酒炙以授之，眾坐皆笑。 鏗曰：「吾儕終日酣酒，而執爵者不知其味，非人情也。」 及侯景之亂，鏗嘗為賊禽，或救之獲免。 鏗問之，乃前所行觴者。
Keng, style name Zijian, was widely read in history and biography and especially gifted in five-character verse. His contemporaries held him in high regard. He served as Acting Aide in the Law Section under the Prince of Xiangdong. Once at a feast with friends he saw the cup-bearer pass and turned back wine and meat to give him. Everyone at the table laughed. Keng said: "We drink all day, yet the man who holds the cup never tastes the wine. That is not how human beings should behave. During Hou Jing's rebellion Keng was once captured by the rebels. Someone rescued him and he was spared. When Keng asked who had saved him, it was the cup-bearer from that feast.
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陳天嘉中，為始興王中錄事參軍。 文帝嘗宴群臣賦詩，徐陵言之，帝即日召鏗預宴，使賦新成安樂宮。 鏗援筆便就，帝甚歎賞之。 累遷晉陵太守，員外散騎常侍，頃之卒。 有文集三卷行於世。
Under Chen, in the Tiankang era, he became Central Recorder Aide to the Prince of Shixing. Emperor Wen once held a feast for his ministers and ordered them to compose verse. Xu Ling spoke of Keng, and the emperor summoned him that same day and had him compose on the newly built Palace of Peace and Joy. Keng took up his brush and finished at once. The emperor was deeply impressed. He rose to Administrator of Jinling and Supernumerary Attendant Cavalry Regular, and soon died. A collected works in three scrolls circulated after his death.
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杜崱，京兆杜陵人也。 其先自北歸南，居於雍州之襄陽，子孫因家焉，父懷寶少有志節，梁天監中累有軍功，後又立功南鄭，位梁、秦二州刺史。 大同初，魏軍復圍南鄭，懷寶命第三子嶷帥二百人與魏前鋒戰于光道寺，流矢中其目，失馬，敵人交矟將至，嶷斬其一騎而上，馳以歸。 嶷膂力絕人，便馬善射，一日中戰七八合。 所佩霜明朱弓四石餘力，斑絲纏矟長二丈五，同心敢死士百七十人。 每出殺傷數百人，敵人憚之，號為杜彪。 懷寶卒於州，諡曰桓侯。
Du Qi came from Duling in Jingzhao. His forebears had come south from the north and settled at Xiangyang in Yong Prefecture, where the family remained. His father Huaibao was ambitious from youth. Under Liang he won repeated military honors, later distinguished himself at Nanzheng, and rose to Inspector of Liang and Qin prefectures. Early in Datong Wei forces again besieged Nanzheng. Huaibao sent his third son Niao with two hundred men against the Wei vanguard at Guangdao Temple. A stray arrow struck Niao's eye and he lost his horse as enemy spears closed in. He cut down a rider, mounted, and galloped back. Niao's strength was unmatched. He was a superb horseman and archer and fought seven or eight battles in a single day. He carried a red bow called Frost-Bright that drew more than four stone, and a silk-wrapped spear two and a half zhang long. One hundred seventy sworn warriors followed him. Each sortie left hundreds dead or wounded. The enemy feared him and called him Du the Tiger. Huaibao died in office and was posthumously titled Marquis Huan.
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嶷位西荊州刺史，時讖言：「獨梁之下有瞎天子」，元帝以嶷其人也。 會嶷改葬父祖，帝敕圖墓者惡為之，逾年而嶷卒。 崱，嶷弟也。 幼有志氣，居鄉里以膽勇稱，後為新興太守。 太清三年，隨岳陽王來襲荊州，元帝與崱兄岸有舊，密書邀之。 崱乃與岸、弟幼安、兄子龕等夜歸元帝，以為武州刺史，封枝江縣侯，令隨領軍王僧辯東討侯景。 至巴陵，景遁。 加侍中，進爵為公，仍隨僧辯追景至石頭。 景敗，崱入據台城。 景平，加散騎常侍、江州刺史。
Niao became Inspector of Western Jing Prefecture. A prophecy then ran: "Beneath the character for 'alone' in Liang stands a blind Son of Heaven." Emperor Yuan believed Niao was meant. When Niao reburied his father and grandfather, the emperor ordered the tomb painters to portray the site unfavorably. Within a year Niao was dead. Qi was Niao's younger brother. From youth he was spirited and bold. In his home district he was famed for courage, and he later became Administrator of Xinxing. In the third year of Taiqing he followed the Prince of Yueyang in an attack on Jingzhou. Emperor Yuan, who had old ties with Qi's brother An, sent a secret invitation. Qi joined An, his brother You'an, his nephew Kan, and others in returning to Emperor Yuan by night. He was made Inspector of Wu Prefecture, enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhijiang, and ordered to follow Wang Sengbian east against Hou Jing. At Baling Hou Jing fled. He was made Palace Attendant and advanced to duke, then followed Sengbian in pursuit to Shitou. When Hou Jing was beaten, Qi entered and held Taicheng. After Hou Jing was crushed he was made Attendant Cavalry Regular and Inspector of Jiang Prefecture.
20
是月，齊將郭元建攻秦州刺史嚴超達于秦郡，王僧辯令崱赴援，陳武帝亦自歐陽來會。 元建眾卻，崱因縱兵大破之，元建遁。 時元帝執王琳於江陵，琳長史陸納等於長沙反。 元帝征崱與王僧辯討之。 及納等戰於車輪，大敗之。 後納等降，崱又與王僧辯西討平武陵王於硤口。 旋鎮遘疾卒，諡曰武。
That month the Qi general Guo Yuanjian attacked Yan Chaoda, Inspector of Qin Prefecture, at Qin Commandery. Wang Sengbian sent Qi to relieve him, and Chen Wudi came from Ouyang to join the fight. Yuanjian's force withdrew. Qi pursued and routed them, and Yuanjian fled. At that time Emperor Yuan held Wang Lin prisoner at Jiangling while Lin's chief clerk Lu Na rebelled at Changsha. Emperor Yuan sent Qi and Wang Sengbian against them. They met Na at Chelun and routed him. After Na surrendered, Qi joined Wang Sengbian in the western campaign that pacified the Prince of Wuling at Xiakou. He soon fell ill on his post and died. His posthumous title was Martial.
21
崱兄弟九人，兄嵩、岑、嶷、岌、巘、岸及弟嵷、幼安並知名。 岸字公衡，太清中，與崱隨岳陽王察攻荊州，同歸元帝。 帝以為北梁州刺史，封江陵縣侯。 岸請以五百騎襲襄陽，去城三十里，城中覺之。 察夜知其師掩襄陽，以岸等襄陽豪帥，於是夜遁歸襄陽。 岸等知察至，遂奔其兄南陽太守巘于廣平。 察遣將尹正、薛暉等攻拔之，獲巘、岸等並其母妻子女，並斬於襄陽北門。 察母龔保林數岸於眾，岸曰：「老婢教汝兒殺汝叔，乃枉殺忠良。」 察命拔其舌，臠殺而烹之。 盡誅諸杜宗族親者，幼弱下蠶室，又發其墳墓，燒其骸骨，灰而揚之，並以為漆惋。 及建鄴平，崱兄弟發安寧陵焚之，以報漆惋之酷，元帝亦不責也。
Qi had nine brothers: Song, Cen, Niao, Ji, Yan, and An were his elders; Song and You'an were his younger brothers. All were well known. An, style name Gongheng, followed Qi in Taiqing when the Prince of Yueyang Cha attacked Jingzhou, then returned with him to Emperor Yuan. The emperor made him Inspector of Northern Liang Prefecture and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Jiangling. An asked for five hundred horsemen to strike Xiangyang. Thirty li from the city the garrison detected them. Cha learned by night that his force was masking Xiangyang. Knowing An and the others were local magnates of Xiangyang, he fled back to the city that night. When An and the others learned Cha had arrived, they fled to his brother Yan, Administrator of Nanyang, at Guangping. Cha sent Yin Zheng, Xue Hui, and others to take Guangping. Yan, An, their mother, wives, sons, and daughters were all beheaded at the north gate of Xiangyang. Cha's mother Lady Gong Baolin denounced An before the crowd. An cried: "Old slave, you taught your son to kill his uncle, yet you butcher loyal men. Cha ordered his tongue torn out, his flesh cut in strips, and him killed and cooked. He executed the entire Du clan and kin. The young were castrated. He opened their tombs, burned the bones, ground the ash and scattered it, and made lacquer bowls from the remains. When Jiankang was pacified, Qi's brothers opened the Anning Tomb and burned it to avenge the lacquer-bowl outrage. Emperor Yuan did not reproach them.
22
幼安性至孝寬厚，雄勇過人，與兄崱同歸元帝，帝以為西荊州刺史，封華容縣侯。 與王僧辯討河東王譽于長沙，平之。 又令助徐文盛東討侯景，至貝磯，大破景將任約，斬其儀同叱羅子通、湘州刺史趙威方等。 仍進軍大舉口，別攻拔武昌。 景度蘆洲上流以壓文盛，幼安與眾軍大敗之。 會景密遣騎襲陷郢州，執刺史方諸，人情大駭，文盛由漢口遁歸，眾軍大敗，幼安降景，景以其多反復，殺之。
You'an was deeply filial, generous, and surpassingly brave. He returned with Qi to Emperor Yuan, who made him Inspector of Western Jing Prefecture and Marquis of Huarong. He joined Wang Sengbian in suppressing the Prince of Hedong Yu at Changsha and pacified him. He was sent to aid Xu Wencheng against Hou Jing. At Beiji he routed Ren Yue and beheaded Chiluo Zitong, Zhao Weifang the Inspector of Xiang Prefecture, and others. He advanced to Dajukou and in a separate action took Wuchang. Hou Jing crossed upstream at Luzhou to press Wencheng. You'an and the allied armies routed him. Hou Jing then sent cavalry by a hidden route and seized Ying Prefecture, capturing Inspector Fang Zhu. Panic spread. Wencheng fled up the Han, the armies broke, and You'an surrendered to Hou Jing, who killed him for his repeated betrayals.
23
龕，岑之子也，少驍勇，善用兵，與諸父歸元帝，帝以為鄖州刺史，封中廬縣侯，與王僧辯討平河東王譽。 又隨僧辯下，繼徐文盛軍至巴陵。 聞侯景陷郢州西上將至，乃與僧辯等守巴陵。 景至圍之數旬，不克而遁。 遷太府卿、定州刺史。 及眾軍至姑孰，景將侯子鑒逆戰，龕與陳武帝、王琳等擊之，大敗子鑒，遂至石頭。 景親會戰，龕與眾軍大破之。 論功為最，授東揚州刺史。 又與王僧辯降陸納，平武陵王。
Kan was Cen's son. From youth he was fierce, brave, and skilled in war. He returned with his uncles to Emperor Yuan, who made him Inspector of Yun Prefecture and Marquis of Zhonglu and sent him with Wang Sengbian against the Prince of Hedong Yu. He followed Sengbian downstream, took over Xu's force, and reached Baling. Hearing that Hou Jing had taken Ying Prefecture and was marching upriver, he joined Sengbian in holding Baling. Hou Jing besieged the city for weeks, failed to take it, and withdrew. He was made Minister of the Palace Treasury and Inspector of Ding Prefecture. When the armies reached Gudu, Hou Jing's general Hou Zijian met them in battle. Kan, Chen Wudi, Wang Lin, and others routed Zijian and pressed on to Shitou. Hou Jing fought in person. Kan and the allied armies crushed him. His merit ranked first, and he was made Inspector of Eastern Yang Prefecture. He again joined Wang Sengbian in accepting Lu Na's surrender and pacifying the Prince of Wuling.
24
及魏平江陵，後齊納貞陽侯明以紹梁嗣，以龕為震州刺史、吳興太守，遷南豫州刺史，封溧陽縣侯，又加散騎常侍、鎮南大將軍。
After Wei took Jiangling, Qi later installed the Marquis of Zhenyang Ming as heir to Liang. Kan became Inspector of Zhen Prefecture and Administrator of Wuxing, then Inspector of Southern Yu Prefecture and Marquis of Liyang, with added rank as Attendant Cavalry Regular and General Who Pacifies the South.
25
龕，僧辯婿也，始為吳興太守，以陳武帝既非素貴，及為之本郡，以法繩其宗門，無所縱舍。 武帝銜之切齒。 及僧辯敗，龕乃據吳興以拒之，頻敗陳文帝軍。 龕好飲酒，終日恒醉，勇而無略，部將杜泰私通于文帝，說龕降文帝，龕然之。 其妻王氏曰：「霸先讎隙如此，何可求和。」 因出私財賞募，復大敗文帝軍。 後杜泰降文帝，龕尚醉不覺，文帝遣人負出項王寺前斬之。 王氏因截發出家，杜氏一門覆矣。
Kan was Sengbian's son-in-law. As Administrator of Wuxing he treated Chen Wudi, who had not been born to high rank, with strict law when Wudi returned to his home commandery, showing his clan no favor. Wudi nursed a grudge that cut to the bone. When Sengbian fell, Kan held Wuxing against the Chen and repeatedly defeated Wendi's armies. Kan drank constantly and was drunk all day. He was brave but lacked strategy. His officer Du Tai secretly contacted Wendi and urged surrender. Kan agreed. His wife Lady Wang said: "Baxian's hatred runs so deep. How can we sue for peace? She spent her private wealth to reward recruits and again routed Wendi's armies. Later Du Tai surrendered to Wendi. Kan was still drunk and knew nothing until men carried him out before Xiangwang Temple and beheaded him. Lady Wang cut her hair and became a nun. The house of Du was destroyed.
26
王琳字子珩，會稽山陰人也。 本兵家。 元帝居蕃，琳姊妹併入後庭見幸，琳由此未弱冠得在左右。 少好武，遂為將帥。 太清二年，帝遣琳獻米萬石，未至，都城陷，乃中江沈米，輕舸還荊。 稍遷岳陽內史，以軍功封建甯縣侯。 侯景遣將宋子仙據郢州，琳攻克之，禽子仙。 又隨王僧辯破景。 後拜湘州刺史。
Wang Lin, style name Zihang, came from Shanyin in Kuaiji. His family came from the military class. When Emperor Yuan was still a prince, Lin's sisters entered the inner quarters and won favor. Lin therefore gained access to the prince before he came of age. From youth he loved arms and became a commander. In the second year of Taiqing the emperor sent Lin with ten thousand shi of grain. Before he arrived the capital fell. He sank the grain mid-river and returned to Jing in light boats. He rose to Interior Minister of Yueyang and, for military merit, was enfeoffed as Marquis of Ning. Hou Jing's general Song Zixian held Ying Prefecture. Lin took the city and captured Zixian. He followed Wang Sengbian in defeating Hou Jing. He was later made Inspector of Xiang Prefecture.
27
琳果勁絕人，又能傾身下士，所得賞物不以入家，麾下萬人，多是江淮群盜。 平景之勳，與杜龕俱為第一。 恃寵縱暴於建鄴，王僧辯禁之不可，懼將為亂，啟請誅之。 琳亦疑禍，令長史陸納率部曲前赴湘州，身輕上江陵陳謝。 將行謂納等曰：「吾若不反，子將安之？」 咸曰：「請死」。 相泣而別。 及至，帝以下吏，而使廷尉卿黃羅漢、太舟卿張載宣喻琳軍。 陸納等及軍人並哭對使者，莫肯受命。 乃縶黃羅漢，殺張載。 載性刻，為帝所信，荊州疾之如讎，故納等因人之欲，抽其腸系馬腳，使繞而走，腸盡氣絕，又臠割備五刑而斬之。
Lin's fierceness was unmatched, yet he humbled himself before his men. He never brought booty home. Ten thousand followers served him, mostly river bandits of the Jiang-Huai. In merit for pacifying Hou Jing he and Du Kan ranked first. Relying on imperial favor he ran wild in Jiankang. Wang Sengbian could not restrain him and, fearing revolt, asked that he be executed. Lin also feared disaster. He sent his chief clerk Lu Na ahead to Xiang Prefecture with the troops while he went lightly to Jiangling to plead his case. As he was about to leave he said to Na and the others: "If I do not return, where will you go? They all said: "We ask only to die." They wept and parted. When he arrived the emperor handed him to the law officers and sent Court Commandant Huang Luohan and Grand Boat Master Zhang Zai to proclaim the imperial will to Lin's army. Lu Na and the soldiers wept before the envoys and refused to obey. They bound Huang Luohan and killed Zhang Zai. Zai was harsh and trusted by the emperor. Jingzhou hated him like an enemy. Na and the others drew out his intestines, tied them to a horse's leg, and made him run until he died. They then cut his flesh, applied the five punishments, and beheaded him.
28
元帝遣王僧辯討納，納等敗走長沙。 是時湘州未平，武陵王兵下又甚盛，江陵公私恐懼，人有異圖。 納啟申琳無罪，請復本位，求為奴婢。 元帝乃鎖琳送僧辯。 時納出兵方戰，會琳至，僧辯升諸樓車以示之。 納等投戈俱拜，舉軍皆哭，曰：「乞王郎入城即出。」 乃放琳入，納等乃降。 湘州平，仍復琳本位，使拒武陵王紀。 紀平，授衡州刺史。
Emperor Yuan sent Wang Sengbian against Na. Na was beaten and fled to Changsha. Xiang Prefecture was not yet pacified, the Prince of Wuling's armies were strong, and fear spread through Jiangling as men plotted. Na memorialized that Lin was innocent, asked that he be restored to office, and offered to become slaves themselves. Emperor Yuan chained Lin and sent him to Sengbian. Na had led his troops out to fight. When Lin arrived, Sengbian mounted a tower carriage to show him to the army. Na and the others cast down their weapons and bowed. The whole army wept and cried: "Let Lord Wang enter the city and we shall come out at once. They let Lin enter, and Na and the others surrendered. When Xiang Prefecture was pacified, Lin was restored to his former post and ordered to resist the Prince of Wuling Ji. When Ji was pacified, he was made Inspector of Heng Prefecture.
29
元帝性多忌，以琳所部甚盛，又得眾心，故出之嶺外。 又授都督、廣州刺史。 其友人主書李膺，帝所任遇，琳告之曰：「琳蒙拔擢，常欲畢命以報國恩。 今天下未平，遷琳嶺外，如有萬一不虞，安得琳力。 忖官正疑琳耳，琳分望有限，可得與官爭為帝乎？ 何不以琳為雍州刺史，使鎮武寧。 琳自放兵作田，為國禦捍，若警急動靜相知。 孰若遠棄嶺南，相去萬里，一日有變，將欲如何！ 琳非願長坐荊南，政以國計如此耳。」 膺然其言而不敢啟，故遂率其眾鎮嶺南。
Emperor Yuan was deeply suspicious. Because Lin's command was large and he won the hearts of his men, the emperor sent him beyond the mountains. He was also made Commander and Inspector of Guang Prefecture. His friend Li Ying, Master of Documents, enjoyed the emperor's trust. Lin told him: "I have been raised up and have always wished to spend my life repaying the state's grace. The realm is not yet pacified, yet I am sent beyond the mountains. If trouble comes, how will my strength be available? I reckon the court suspects me. My ambitions are limited. How could I contend with the throne for the empire? Why not make me Inspector of Yong Prefecture and have me garrison Wuning? I would release the troops to farm and guard the frontier. If alarm comes, we can act in concert. How does that compare with casting me far into the southern mountains, ten thousand li away? If change comes in a day, what then? I do not wish to remain long in southern Jing. I act only as the state's plan requires. Ying agreed but did not dare report it. Lin therefore led his host to garrison the southern mountains.
30
元帝為魏圍逼，乃征琳赴援，除湘州刺史。 琳師次長沙，知魏平江陵，已立梁王察，乃為元帝舉哀，三軍縞素。 遣別將侯平率舟師攻梁，琳屯兵長沙，傳檄諸方，為進趣之計。 時長沙蕃王蕭韶及上游諸將推琳主盟。 侯平雖不能度江，頻破梁軍。 又以琳兵威不接，翻更不受指麾，琳遣將討之，不克。 又師老兵疲不能進，乃遣使奉表詣齊，並獻馴象； 又使獻款于魏求其妻子； 亦稱臣于梁。
When Emperor Yuan was besieged by Wei, he summoned Lin to relieve him and made him Inspector of Xiang Prefecture. Lin halted at Changsha. Learning that Wei had taken Jiangling and installed Prince Cha of Liang, he mourned Emperor Yuan and the whole army wore mourning white. He sent Hou Ping with a fleet against Liang while he encamped at Changsha and issued proclamations for a general advance. The Prince of Changsha Fan Xiao and the upstream generals made Lin leader of the alliance. Though Ping could not cross the Yangzi, he repeatedly defeated Liang armies. Because Lin's power did not reach him, Ping refused his orders. Lin sent generals against him but failed. His army grew old and weary and could not advance. He sent envoys to Qi with a memorial and presented tame elephants; he also sent pledges to Wei seeking the return of his wife and children; he also declared himself a subject of Liang.
31
陳武帝既殺王僧辯，推立敬帝，以侍中、司空征琳。 不從命，乃大營樓艦，將圖義舉。 琳將張平宅乘一艦，每將戰勝，艦則有聲如野豬，故琳戰艦以千數，以野豬為名。 陳武帝遣將侯安都、周文育等討琳，仍受梁禪。 安都歎曰：「我其敗乎，師無名矣。」 逆戰於沌口。 琳乘平肩輿，執鉞而麾之，禽安都、文育，其餘無所漏，唯以周鐵武一人背恩，斬之。 鎖安都、文育，置琳所坐艦中，令一閹豎監守之。 琳乃移湘州軍府就郢城，帶甲十萬，練兵於白水浦。 琳巡軍而言曰：「可以為勤王之師矣，溫太真何人哉！」 南江渠帥熊曇朗、周迪懷貳，琳遣李孝欽、樊猛與余孝頃同討之。 三將軍敗，並為迪所囚。 安都、文育等盡逃還建鄴。
After Chen Wudi killed Wang Sengbian and raised Emperor Jing, he summoned Lin as Palace Attendant and Minister of Works. Lin refused and built tower ships on a great scale, intending a righteous rising. Lin's general Zhang Ping owned a warship that before victory would sound like a wild boar. Lin's fleet numbered in the thousands and was named the Wild Boars. Chen Wudi sent Hou Andu, Zhou Wenyu, and others against Lin while accepting Liang's abdication to Chen. Andu sighed: "We are about to be defeated. The army fights without a righteous name. They met in battle at Chun Kou. Lin rode in an open carriage, held an axe, and directed the battle. He captured Andu and Wenyu without a single escape—only Zhou Tiewu, who had betrayed a kindness, was beheaded. He chained Andu and Wenyu and placed them aboard his own ship under guard of a eunuch. He moved the Xiangzhou headquarters to Yingcheng and drilled one hundred thousand armored men at Baishui Ford. Reviewing the army he said: "This is an army fit to rescue the throne. What was Wen Taizhen compared to this? The southern river chieftains Xiong Tanlang and Zhou Di wavered. Lin sent Li Xiaoqin, Fan Meng, and Yu Xiaoling against them. All three generals were defeated and imprisoned by Di. Andu, Wenyu, and the others all escaped back to Jiankang.
32
初，魏克江陵之時，永嘉王莊年甫七歲，逃匿人家。 後琳迎還湘中，衛送東下。 及敬帝立，出質于齊，請納莊為梁主。 齊文宣遣兵援送，仍遣兼中書令李騊駼冊拜琳為梁丞相、都督中外諸軍、錄尚書事。 又遣中書舍人辛愨、遊詮之等齎璽書江表宣勞，自琳以下皆有頒賜。 琳乃遣兄子叔寶率所部十州刺史子弟赴鄴，奉莊纂梁祚於郢州。 莊授琳侍中、使持節、大將軍、中書監，改封安成郡公，其餘並依齊朝前命。
When Wei took Jiangling, the Prince of Yongjia Zhuang was only seven and hid among common people. Later Lin welcomed him back to the Xiang region and escorted him east. When Emperor Jing was established, Zhuang was sent as hostage to Qi with a request that he be received as sovereign of Liang. Emperor Wenxuan of Qi sent troops to escort Zhuang and dispatched Acting Director of the Secretariat Li Taozhu to invest Lin as Liang Chancellor, Commander of all armies, and Recorder of the Ministry of State Affairs. He also sent Xin Kai, You Quanzhi, and others with imperial seals to proclaim favor south of the Yangzi. From Lin downward all received gifts. Lin sent his nephew Shubao with the sons of ten provincial governors to Ye to support Zhuang in assuming the Liang succession at Ying. Zhuang made Lin Palace Attendant, Commissioner with Full Credentials, Grand General, and Director of the Secretariat, and changed his enfeoffment to Duke of Ancheng. The rest followed Qi's earlier appointments.
33
及陳文帝立，琳乃輔莊次於濡須口。 齊遣揚州道行台慕容儼率眾臨江，為其聲援。 陳遣安州刺史吳明徹江中夜上，將襲盆城。 琳遣巴陵太守任忠大敗之，明徹僅以身免。 琳兵因東下，陳遣太尉侯瑱、司空侯安都等拒之。 瑱等以琳軍方盛，引軍入蕪湖避之。 時西南風至急，琳謂得天道，將直取揚州，侯瑱等徐出蕪湖躡其後。 比及兵交，西南風翻為瑱用，琳兵放火燧以擲瑱船者，皆反燒其船。 琳船艦潰亂，兵士透水死者十二三。 其餘皆棄船上岸，為陳軍所殺殆盡。
When Emperor Wen of Chen took the throne, Lin supported Zhuang in camp at Ruxu Ford. Qi sent Branch Commander Murong Yan of Yangzhou to the river as vocal support. Chen sent Wu Mingche, Inspector of An Prefecture, up the Yangzi by night to strike Pencheng. Lin sent Ren Zhong, Administrator of Baling, to rout him. Mingche barely escaped with his life. Lin's army marched east. Chen sent Grand Marshal Hou Tian and Hou Andu to resist. Because Lin's army was at its height, Tian withdrew into Wuhu to avoid him. A fierce southwest wind blew. Lin thought Heaven favored him and aimed straight at Yangzhou. Hou Tian slowly came out of Wuhu and followed his rear. When battle was joined the southwest wind turned to Tian's use. Lin's men hurled fire beacons at Tian's ships, but the flames burned their own fleet. Lin's fleet collapsed. Twelve or thirteen in ten of his men who threw themselves into the water drowned. The rest abandoned ship and were killed on shore by Chen's army almost to the last man.
34
初，琳命左長史袁泌、御史中丞劉仲威同典兵侍衛莊，及軍敗，泌遂降陳。 仲威以莊投曆陽，又送壽陽。 琳尋與莊同入齊，齊孝昭帝遣琳出合肥，鳩集義故，更圖進取。 琳乃繕艦，分遣招募淮南傖楚，皆願戮力。 陳合州刺史裴景暉，琳兄瑉之婿也，請以私屬導引齊師，孝昭委琳與行台左丞盧潛率兵應赴。 沈吟不決，景暉懼事泄，挺身歸齊。 齊孝昭賜琳璽書令鎮壽陽，其部下將帥悉聽以從，乃除琳驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史，封會稽郡公。 又增兵秩，兼給鐃吹。 琳水陸戒嚴，將觀釁而動，屬陳氏結好于齊，使琳更聽後圖。
Lin had ordered Yuan Mi and Liu Zhongwei to guard Zhuang. When the army was beaten, Mi surrendered to Chen. Zhongwei took Zhuang to Liyang and then to Shouyang. Lin soon entered Qi with Zhuang. Emperor Xiaozhao sent him out from Hefei to gather old adherents and plot anew. He repaired ships and recruited hired soldiers and Chu folk of Huainan, who all wished to serve. Pei Jinghui, Chen's Inspector of He Prefecture and son-in-law to Lin's brother Min, offered to guide Qi troops with his private following. Xiaozhao entrusted Lin and Lu Qian to lead troops in response. Lin hesitated. Jinghui feared exposure and fled to Qi. Xiaozhao granted Lin an imperial letter ordering him to garrison Shouyang. His officers were permitted to follow. He was made Rapid Cavalry General, Bountiful Ceremony Equal to the Three Excellencies, Inspector of Yang Prefecture, and Duke of Kuaiji. His military stipend was increased and drum-and-pipe music was added. Lin guarded land and water, watching for an opening. Because Chen made peace with Qi, he was told to wait.
35
琳在壽陽，與行台尚書盧潛不協，更相是非，被召還鄴。 齊武成置而不問，除滄州刺史。 後以琳為特進、侍中。 所居屋脊無故剝破，出赤蛆數升，落地化為血，蠕動。 有龍出於門外之池，雲霧起，晝晦。 會陳將吳明徹寇齊，齊帝敕領軍將軍尉破胡等出援秦州，令琳共為經略。 琳謂所親曰：「今太歲在東南，歲星居牛鬥分，太白已高，皆利為客，我將有喪。」 又謂破胡曰：「吳兵甚銳，宜長策制之，慎勿輕鬥。」 破胡不從。 戰，軍大敗。 琳單馬突圍，僅而獲免。 還至彭城，齊令便赴壽陽，並許召募。 又進封琳巴陵郡王。 陳將吳明徹進兵圍之，堰肥水灌城。 而齊將皮景和等屯於淮西，竟不赴救。 明徹晝夜攻擊，城內水氣轉侵，人皆患腫，死病相枕。 從七月至十月，城陷被執，百姓泣而從之。 吳明徹恐其為變，殺之城東北二十里，時年四十八。 哭者聲如雷。 有一叟以酒脯來至，號酹盡哀，收其血懷之而去。 傳首建康，懸之於市。
At Shouyang Lin quarreled with Lu Qian and was summoned back to Ye. Emperor Wucheng set the matter aside and made him Inspector of Cang Prefecture. Later he was made Special Palace Attendant and Palace Attendant. The tiles on his house ridge broke open without cause. Several sheng of red maggots fell to the ground, turned to blood, and writhed. A dragon appeared in the pool outside his gate. Cloud and mist rose and daylight darkened. When Chen's Wu Mingche invaded Qi, the Qi emperor ordered Wei Pohu and others to relieve Qin Prefecture and commanded Lin to share in the planning. He told those close to him: "The Grand Year is in the southeast, the Year Star in the Ox and Dipper, the White Planet high—all favor the invader. I shall die. He told Pohu: "Chen's troops are very sharp. Use long strategy. Do not fight lightly." Pohu would not listen. In battle the army was utterly defeated. Lin alone broke through on horseback and barely escaped. Returning to Pengcheng, Qi ordered him to go at once to Shouyang and permitted recruitment. He was further advanced to Duke of Baling. Wu Mingche advanced to besiege the city and dammed the Fei River to flood it. Yet Qi's Pi Jinghe and others camped west of the Huai and never came to the rescue. Mingche attacked day and night. Moisture spread through the city, men swelled with disease, and the dead lay pillow to pillow. From the seventh month to the tenth the city fell and he was captured. The people wept and followed him. Mingche feared trouble and killed him twenty li northeast of the city. He was forty-eight. The sound of weeping was like thunder. An old man came with wine and dried meat, wailed and poured libation, gathered Lin's blood in his bosom, and went away. His head was sent to Jiankang and hung in the market.
36
琳故吏梁驃騎府倉曹參軍朱瑒致書陳尚書僕射徐陵求琳首，曰：
Lin's former clerk Zhu Yang of the Rapid Cavalry Office wrote to Chen Vice Director Xu Ling requesting Lin's head, saying:
37
竊以朝市遷貿，時傳骨鯁之風； 曆運推移，間表忠貞之跡。 故典午將滅，徐廣為晉家遺老； 當塗已謝，馬孚稱魏室忠臣。 用能播美於前書，垂名於後世。 梁故建寧公琳，洛濱餘胄，沂川舊族，立功代邸，效績中朝。 當離亂之辰，總蕃伯之任。 爾乃輕躬殉主，以身許國，實追蹤於往彥，信踵武于前修。 而天厭梁德，尚思匡繼，徒蘊包胥之念，終遘萇弘之眚。 洎王業光啟，鼎祚有歸，於是遠跡山東，寄命河北。 雖輕旅臣之歎，猶懷客卿之禮。 感茲知己，忘此捐軀。 至使身沒九泉，頭行萬里。 誠復馬革裹屍，遂其生平之志，原野暴骸，會彼人臣之節。 然身首異處，有足悲者。 封樹靡卜，良可愴焉。
I observe that as court and market shift, the age at times transmits the wind of firm backbone; as dynastic fortune moves, it at times displays the traces of loyal steadfastness. Thus when the Jin dynasty was about to perish, Xu Guang became the Jin house's surviving elder; when the Dangtu regime had passed, Ma Fu was called a loyal minister of Wei. By this means their fame was spread in former books and handed down in later ages. The late Duke of Jianning of Liang, Lin, was a remnant scion of the Luo banks, an old clan of the Yi River. He achieved merit at the substitute capital and served the central court. In the season of division and chaos he bore the burden of the frontier lords. He lightly gave his person for his lord and pledged his body to the state, truly following past worthies and treading in the footsteps of former cultivators. Yet Heaven tired of Liang's virtue. He still thought to restore it, harboring Shen Baoxu's plea, and in the end met Chang Hong's fate. When the royal enterprise opened and the tripod fortune returned, he went far to the mountains east and entrusted his life north of the river. Although he sighed the lament of a light-traveling minister, he still cherished the rites due a guest minister. Moved by such a lord, he forgot the gift of his person. So that even when his body perished in the nine springs, his head traveled ten thousand li. Truly horse-hide may wrap the corpse and fulfill his life's ambition; exposed bones on the plain accord with a minister's integrity. Yet when body and head lie in different places, there is ample cause for grief. No grave could be chosen—truly pitiable.
38
瑒早簉末僚，預參下席，降薛君之吐握，荷魏公之知遇。 是用沾巾雨袂，痛可識之顏，回腸疾首，切猶生之面。 伏惟聖恩博厚，明詔爰發，赦王經之哭，許田橫之葬。 瑒雖芻賤，竊亦有心。 琳經蒞壽陽，頗存遺愛，曾游江右，非無舊德。 比肩東合之吏，繼踵西園之賓，願歸彼境，還修窀穸。 庶孤墳既築，或飛銜土之燕，豐碑式樹，時留墮淚之人。 近故舊王綰等已有論牒，仰蒙制議，不遂所陳。 昔廉公告逝，即肥川而建塋域，孫叔雲亡，仍芍陂而植楸檟。 由此言之，抑有其例。 不使壽春城下，唯傳報葛之人，滄洲島上，獨有悲田之客。 昧死陳祈，伏待刑憲。 陵嘉其志節，又明徹亦數夢琳求首，並為啟陳主而許之。 仍與開府主簿劉韶慧等持其首還于淮南，權瘞八公山側，義故會葬者數千人。 瑒等乃間道北歸，別議迎接。 尋有揚州人茅智勝等五人密送喪柩達於鄴，贈十五州諸軍事、揚州刺史、侍中、特進、開府、錄尚書事，諡曰忠武王，葬給轀輬車。
Yang early served among the lowest clerks and shared the lower seats. He received Lord Xue's favor and Duke Wei's trust. He wet his sleeves in grief for a face once known, his heart turning and his head aching as though Lin still lived. I bow before the court's broad grace. A bright edict has been issued, pardoning Wang Jing's weeping and granting Tian Heng's burial. Though Yang is lowly, he too has a heart. Lin once governed Shouyang and left kindness behind. He once traveled the lands west of the Yangzi and kept old ties. Side by side with Eastern Pavilion clerks, following Western Garden guests—I ask to return there and restore his burial. Perhaps when the lone tomb is built swallows will bear earth to it; when the rich stele is raised men will come to weep. Recently Wang Wan and other old friends submitted a petition. We awaited imperial deliberation, but our request was denied. When Lord Lian died a grave was built at once on the Fei River. When Sun Shu died, catalpa and oak were planted at Quepi. From this we see there is precedent. Do not let Shouchun know only the man who reported to Ge, or Cangzhou only the guest who grieved for Tian. Risking death I state this prayer and bow awaiting the law. Ling admired his integrity. Mingche too dreamed several times that Lin begged for his head. They reported to the Chen ruler and he granted it. He and Chief Clerk Liu Shaohui and others carried the head back to Huainan and provisionally buried it beside Mount Bagong. Several thousand old adherents attended the funeral. Yang and the others returned north by hidden routes to plan a welcome. Soon five men of Yangzhou including Mao Zhisheng secretly sent the coffin to Ye. He was posthumously granted Commander of fifteen provinces, Inspector of Yangzhou, Palace Attendant, Special Palace Attendant, Bountiful Office, and Recorder of the Ministry of State Affairs, with posthumous title Loyal Martial King and an imperial burial cart.
39
琳體貌閒雅，立發委地，喜怒不形於色。 雖無學業，而強記內敏，軍府佐史千數，皆識其姓名。 刑罰不濫，輕財愛士，得將卒之心。 少為將帥，屢經喪亂，雅有忠義之節。 雖本圖不遂，齊人亦以此重之，待遇甚厚。 及敗為陳軍所執，吳明徹欲全之，而其下將領多琳故吏，爭來致請，並相資給，明徹由此忌之，故及於難。 當時田夫野老，知與不知，莫不為之歔欷流泣。 觀其誠信感物，雖李將軍之恂恂善誘，殆無以加焉。
Lin was refined in bearing. Standing, his hair reached the ground. Joy and anger never showed on his face. Though without formal schooling he had a powerful memory and inward keenness. Among a thousand headquarters clerks he knew every name. He did not punish excessively, prized wealth lightly, and loved his men, winning the hearts of officers and soldiers. From youth he was a commander, passed through many disorders, and possessed loyal integrity by nature. Though his original design failed, Qi also respected him and treated him generously. When captured by Chen, Wu Mingche wished to spare him, but many officers were Lin's old clerks and vied to aid him. Mingche grew jealous and thus he met disaster. Farmers and rustics, whether they knew him or not, all wept for him. His sincerity and faith moved all who met him. Even General Li's gentle persuasion could hardly surpass it.
40
琳十七子，長子敬在齊襲王爵，武平末通直常侍。 第九子衍，隋開皇中開府儀同三司，大業初，卒于渝州刺史。
Lin had seventeen sons. The eldest Jing inherited the princely rank in Qi and at the end of Wuping was Regular Attendant for Direct Communication. The ninth son Yan in Sui's Kaihuang era held Bountiful Ceremony Equal to the Three Excellencies. Early in Daye he died as Inspector of Yu Prefecture.
41
張彪不知何許人，自雲家本襄陽，或云左衛將軍、衡州刺史蘭欽外弟也。 少亡命在若邪山為盜，頗有部曲。 臨城公大連出牧東揚州，彪率所領客焉。 始為防合，後為中兵參軍，禮遇甚厚。 及侯景將宋子仙攻下東揚州，復為子仙所知。 後去子仙，還入若邪舉義，征子仙不捷，仍走向剡。
Zhang Biao—no one knew his origin. He said his family was from Xiangyang, or that he was younger brother-in-law to Left Guards General and Inspector of Hengzhou Lan Qin. In youth he was an outlaw bandit on Mount Ruoye with a considerable following. When the Duke of Lincheng Dalian governed Eastern Yang Prefecture, Biao brought his followers to serve him. He began as Defense Commander and later became Central Army Aide, treated with great courtesy. When Hou Jing's general Song Zixian took Eastern Yang Prefecture, Biao again won his recognition. Later he left Zixian, returned to Ruoye to raise a righteous force, attacked Zixian without success, and fled toward Shan.
42
趙伯超兄子棱為侯景山陰令，去職從彪。 後懷異心，偽就彪計，請酒為盟，引刀子披心出血自歃，彪信之，亦取刀刺血報之。 刀始至心，棱便以手案之，望入彪心，刀斜傷得不深。 棱重取刀刺彪，頭面被傷頓絕。 棱謂已死，因出外告彪諸將，言已殺訖，欲與求富貴。 彪左右韓武入視，彪已蘇，細聲謂曰：「我尚活，可與手。」 於是武遂誅棱。 彪不死，復奉表元帝，帝甚嘉之。
Zhao Bochao's nephew Leng had been Hou Jing's magistrate of Shanyin. He left office and followed Biao. Later he harbored treachery, pretended to join Biao's plan, asked for wine to seal an oath, drew a knife, cut open his chest, and drank the blood. Biao believed him and stabbed his own blood in return. The knife had just reached his heart when Leng pressed it aside toward Biao's heart. The blade slanted and the wound was not deep. Leng stabbed Biao again. His head and face were wounded and he fell senseless. Leng thought him dead, went out to Biao's generals, said he had killed him, and asked to seek fortune together. Biao's attendant Han Wu looked in. Biao had revived and whispered: "I am still alive. Lend me a hand. Thereupon Wu executed Leng. Biao survived and again memorialized Emperor Yuan, who greatly praised him.
43
及侯景平，王僧辯遇之甚厚，引為爪牙，與杜龕相似，世謂之張、杜。 貞陽侯踐位，為東揚州刺史，並給鼓吹。 室富於財，晝夜樂聲不息。 剡令王懷之不從，彪自征之。 留長史謝岐居守。 會僧辯見害，彪不自展拔。 時陳文帝已據震澤，將及會稽，彪乃遣沈泰、吳寶真還州助岐保城。 彪後至，泰等反與岐迎陳文帝入城。 彪因其未定，踰城而入。 陳文帝遂走出，彪復城守。 沈泰說陳文帝曰：「彪部曲家口並在香岩寺，可往收取。」
When Hou Jing was pacified Wang Sengbian treated him generously as a trusted fighter, like Du Kan. The age called them Zhang and Du. When the Marquis of Zhenyang took the throne, Biao was made Inspector of Eastern Yang Prefecture with drum-and-pipe music. His household was rich. Music sounded day and night without ceasing. The magistrate of Shan Wang Huaizhi would not obey. Biao marched against him himself. He left Chief Clerk Xie Qi to hold the city. When Sengbian was killed, Biao did not advance to help. Chen Wendi already held Zhenze and was nearing Kuaiji. Biao sent Shen Tai and Wu Baozhen back to help Qi defend the city. Biao arrived later. Tai and the others turned and with Qi welcomed Wendi into the city. Before they were settled Biao climbed the wall and entered. Wendi fled. Biao again held the city. Shen Tai told Wendi: "Biao's followers' families are all at Xiangyan Temple. You can go seize them."
44
遂往盡獲之。 彪將申進密與泰相知，因又叛彪，彪復敗走，不敢還城。 據城之西山樓子，及暗得與弟昆侖、妻楊氏去。 猶左右數人追隨，彪疑之皆發遣，唯常所養一犬名黃蒼在彪前後，未曾舍離。 乃還入若邪山中。
He went and captured them all. Biao's general Shen Jin was secretly in league with Tai and rebelled again. Biao was beaten and fled, not daring to return to the city. He held a tower on the western hills outside the city and at dark left with his brother Kunlun and his wife Lady Yang. Several men still followed. Biao suspected them and sent them all away. Only his dog Yellow Dark never left him. He returned into the mountains of Ruoye.
45
沈泰說陳文帝遣章昭達領千兵重購之，並圖其妻。 彪眠未覺，黃蒼驚吠劫來，便齧一人中喉即死。 彪拔刀逐之，映火識之，曰：「何忍舉惡。 卿須我者但可取頭，誓不生見陳蒨。」 劫曰：「官不肯去，請就平地。」 彪知不免，謂妻楊呼為鄉里曰：「我不忍令鄉里落佗處，今當先殺鄉里然後就死。」 楊引頸受刀，曾不辭憚。 彪不下刀，便相隨下嶺到平處。 謂劫曰：「卿須我頭，我身不去也。」 呼妻與訣，曰：「生死從此而別，若見沈泰、申進等為語曰，功名未立，猶望鬼道相逢。」 劫不能生得，遂殺彪並弟，致二首于昭達。 黃蒼號叫彪屍側，宛轉血中，若有哀狀。
Shen Tai urged Wendi to send Zhang Zhaoda with a thousand men and a heavy bounty, and to plot against his wife. Biao slept. Yellow Dark barked at the robbers and bit one man in the throat, killing him. Biao drew his sword and by firelight recognized them. He said: "How can you bear to do evil? If you need me, take only my head. I swear I will not live to see Chen Qian. The robbers said: "You will not leave. Come to level ground." Knowing he could not escape, he told his wife Yang, whom he called "village mate": "I cannot let my village mate fall into others' hands. I must kill her first, then die." Yang stretched her neck to the blade without fear. Biao could not bring himself to strike and followed her down to level ground. He told the robbers: "You need my head. My body will not leave. He bade his wife farewell: "Life and death part here. If you see Shen Tai and Shen Jin, tell them merit is not yet won and we still hope to meet on the ghost road." The robbers could not take him alive. They killed Biao and his brother and sent both heads to Zhaoda. Yellow Dark howled beside Biao's corpse and rolled in the blood as though grieving.
46
昭達進軍，迎彪妻便拜，稱陳文帝教迎為家主。 楊便改啼為笑，欣然意悅，請昭達殯彪喪。 墳塚既畢，黃蒼又俯伏塚間，號叫不肯離。 楊還經彪宅，謂昭達曰：「婦人本在容貌，辛苦日久，請暫過宅莊飾。」 昭達許之。 楊入屋，便以刀割發毀面，哀哭慟絕，誓不更行。 陳文帝聞之，歎息不已，遂許為尼。 後陳武帝軍人求取之，楊投井決命。 時寒，比出之垂死，積火溫燎乃蘇，復起投於火。
Zhaoda advanced, met Biao's wife, and bowed, saying Wendi ordered him to welcome her as mistress of the house. Yang turned from weeping to laughter, pleased in mind, and asked Zhaoda to bury Biao. When the tomb was finished Yellow Dark lay among the graves, howling and refusing to leave. Passing Biao's house she told Zhaoda: "A woman's worth is in her face. I have suffered long. Let me pass the house briefly to adorn myself. Zhaoda granted it. Yang entered, cut her hair, ruined her face, wept in utmost grief, and vowed never to go on. When Wendi heard he sighed endlessly and permitted her to become a nun. Later Wudi's soldiers came for her. Yang threw herself into a well. It was cold. Pulled out she was nearly dead. They warmed her with fire and she revived, then threw herself into the fire again.
47
彪始起於若邪，興於若邪，終於若邪。 及妻犬皆為時所重異。 楊氏，天水人，散騎常侍曒之女也。 有容貌，先為河東裴仁林妻，因亂為彪所納。 彪友人吳中陸山才嗟泰等翻背，刊吳昌門為詩一絕曰：「田橫感義士，韓王報主臣，若為留意氣，持寄禹川人。」
Biao rose at Ruoye, flourished at Ruoye, and ended at Ruoye. His wife and dog were both held in wonder by the age. Lady Yang was from Tianshui, daughter of Regular Attendant-at-Large Yang. She was beautiful, had first been wife to Pei Renlin of Hedong, and in the disorder was taken by Biao. Biao's friend Lu Shancai of Wu lamented Tai's betrayal and carved on Chang Gate a quatrain: "Tian Heng moved righteous men; the King of Han repaid his lord's minister—if you would keep faith in spirit, hold it out to the man of Yuchuan."
48
論曰：忠義之道，安有常哉。 善言者不必能行，蹈之者恒在所忽。 江子一、胡僧佑，太清之季，名宦蓋微。 江則自致亡軀，胡亦期之殞命，然則貞勁之節，歲寒自有性也。 文盛克終有鮮，詩人得所誡焉。 子春戰乃先鳴，幽通有助，及乎梁州之敗，而以濯足為尤。 杜氏終致覆亡，亦云圖墓之咎。 吉凶之兆，二者豈易知乎。 王琳亂朝忠節，志雪仇恥，然天方相陳，義難弘濟，斯則大廈落構，豈一木所能支也。 張彪一遇何懷，死而後已； 唯妻及犬，義悉感人，記傳所陳，何以加此，異乎！
The commentator says: The way of loyalty and righteousness—how can it have a constant rule? Those good with words cannot always act. Those who walk the path are always overlooked. Jiang Ziyi and Hu Sengyou—in the Taiqing season their fame and office were slight. Jiang brought death on himself; Hu also expected to die—yet firm integrity has its nature in cold years. Wencheng could not keep his end clean—the poets found a warning in him. Zichun was first to cry out in battle and had help from hidden powers—yet when Liang Prefecture fell, washing his feet was held against him. The Du house was destroyed in the end—some also say this was the fault of plotting the tomb. Omens of fortune and misfortune—are the two easy to know? Wang Lin disturbed the court with loyal integrity and wished to avenge disgrace—yet Heaven favored Chen and righteousness could not prevail. When the great hall's beams fall, how can one timber support it? Zhang Biao, once he met He Huai, did not stop until death; only his wife and dog—all their righteousness moved men. What the records tell—how can one add to this? Strange indeed!