1
列傳第五十八
Biographies 58
2
趙知禮蔡景曆宗元饒韓子高華皎劉師知謝岐毛喜沈君理陸山才
Zhao Zhili, Cai Jingli, Zong Yuanrao, Han Zigao, Hua Jiao, Liu Shizhi, Xie Qi, Mao Xi, Shen Junli, and Lu Shancai
3
趙知禮字齊旦，天水隴西人也。 父孝穆，梁候官令。 知禮涉獵文史，善書翰。 陳武帝之討元景仲也，或薦之，引為書記。 知禮為文贍速，每占授軍書，下筆便就，率皆稱旨。 由是恒侍左右，深被委任，當時計畫，莫不預焉。 武帝征侯景，至白茅灣，上表于梁元帝及與王僧辯論軍事，其文並知禮所制。 及景平，授中書侍郎，封始平縣子。 陳受命，位散騎常侍、太府卿，權知領軍事。
Zhao Zhili, courtesy name Qidan, was a native of Longxi in Tianshui commandery. His father Xiaomu had served as magistrate of Houguan under the Liang dynasty. Zhili read widely in literature and history and excelled at correspondence and calligraphy. When Chen Wudi marched against Yuan Jingzhong, Zhili was recommended and appointed secretary on his staff. Zhili wrote with fluency and speed. Dictated military dispatches flowed from his brush fully formed, and they invariably pleased his superiors. He henceforth remained constantly at the emperor's side, deeply trusted, and was consulted on every major plan of the day. When Wudi campaigned against Hou Jing and reached Baimao Bay, the memorial to Liang Yuandi and the exchanges on military affairs with Wang Sengbian were both drafted by Zhili. After Hou Jing was suppressed, he was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and enfeoffed as Viscount of Shiping county. When the Chen dynasty was founded, he served as Regular Attendant-at-Court and Grand Minister of the Palace Treasury, with acting charge of central military affairs.
4
天嘉元年，進爵為伯。 王琳平，授吳州刺史。 知禮沈靜有謀謨，每軍國大事，文帝輒令璽書問之。 再遷右將軍，領前軍將軍。 卒，贈侍中，諡曰忠。 子元恭嗣。
In the first year of Tianjia (560), his noble rank was raised to count. After Wang Lin was defeated, he was appointed inspector of Wu province. Zhili was reserved and resourceful. On every weighty military or state matter, Wendi would send sealed letters to seek his counsel. He was promoted again to General of the Right, concurrently commanding the Van Army. He died and was posthumously made Palace Attendant, with the posthumous name Loyal. His son Yuangong succeeded to his position and titles.
5
蔡景曆字茂世，濟陽考城人也。 祖點，梁尚書左戶侍郎。 父大同，輕車岳陽王記室參軍。 景曆少俊爽，有孝行，家貧好學，善尺牘，工草隸。 為海陽令，政有能名。 在侯景中，與南康嗣王會理通，謀匡復，事泄被執，賊党王偉保護之，獲免，因客遊京口。
Cai Jingli, courtesy name Maoshi, was a native of Kaocheng in Jiyang commandery. His grandfather Dian had been Vice Director of the Left Household Department under the Liang. His father Datong had served as secretary to the Prince of Yueyang of the Light Chariots guard. Jingli in youth was bright and spirited, known for filial conduct. Though his family was poor, he loved learning, wrote excellent letters, and was accomplished in cursive and clerical scripts. As magistrate of Haiyang, he governed with a reputation for ability. During Hou Jing's rebellion he communicated with Wang Huili, heir of Nankang, plotting restoration of the dynasty. When the plot was exposed he was arrested, but the rebel leader Wang Wei protected him and he escaped execution. He then lived as a guest at Jingkou.
6
侯景平，陳武帝鎮朱方，素聞其名，以書要之。 景曆對使人答書，筆不停綴，文無所改。 帝得書，甚加欽賞，即日授征北府中記室參軍，仍領記室。
After Hou Jing was defeated, Chen Wudi was stationed at Zhufang. Having long heard of Jingli's reputation, he summoned him by letter. Jingli composed his reply to the envoy's letter without pausing his brush, and not a word needed revision. The emperor read the letter and admired it greatly. That same day he appointed Jingli secretary in the Northern Expedition headquarters, with continuing charge of the secretariat.
7
衡陽獻王昌為吳興太守，帝以鄉里父老，尊卑有數，恐昌年少接對乖禮，乃遣景曆輔之。 承聖中，還掌記室。 武帝將討王僧辯，獨與侯安都等數人謀之，景曆弗之知。 部分既畢，召令草檄，景曆援筆立成，辭義感激，事皆稱旨。 及受禪，遷秘書監、中書通事舍人，掌詔誥。
When Prince Xian of Hengyang became governor of Wuxing, the emperor, mindful of local elders and the proper order of seniority, feared the young prince might mishandle receptions. He therefore sent Jingli to assist him. During the Chengsheng reign period he again took charge of the secretariat. When Wudi was preparing to move against Wang Sengbian, he plotted with only Hou Andu and a few others. Jingli was not told. Once the dispositions were complete, he was summoned to draft the proclamation. Jingli took up his brush and finished at once. The language was stirring, and everything met the emperor's intent. When the Chen received the mandate, he was made Director of the Secretariat and Directing Secretariat Clerk, with charge of imperial edicts.
8
永定二年，坐妻弟受周寶安餉馬，為御史中丞沈炯所劾，降為中書侍郎，舍人如故。
In the second year of Yongding (558), because his wife's younger brother had accepted horses from Zhou Bao'an, he was impeached by Censor-in-Chief Shen Jiong and demoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat, though he retained his clerk's duties.
9
三年，武帝崩。 時外有強寇，文帝鎮南皖，朝無重臣，宣後呼景曆及江大權、杜棱定議，秘不發喪，疾召文帝。 景曆躬共宦者及內人密營斂服，時既暑熱，須營梓宮，恐斤斧之聲聞外，乃以蠟為秘器，文詔依舊宣行。
In the third year, Wudi died. Powerful enemies threatened from without, Wendi was stationed at Nanwan, and the court lacked senior ministers. Empress Xuan summoned Jingli, Jiang Daquan, and Du Ling to decide policy. They concealed the death, withheld announcement of mourning, and urgently recalled Wendi. Jingli personally worked with eunuchs and palace women to prepare the burial garments in secret. The weather was already hot and an outer coffin had to be made, but they feared the sound of axes would be heard outside. They therefore used a wax coffin as a temporary vessel, while edicts and decrees continued to be issued as usual.
10
華皎反，以景曆為武勝將軍、吳明徹軍司。 皎平，明徹於軍中輒戮安成內史楊文通，又受降人馬仗有不分明，景曆又坐不能匡正被收。 久之獲宥。
When Hua Jiao rebelled, Jingli was appointed General Who Establishes Martial Victory and army supervisor under Wu Mingche. After Jiao was suppressed, Mingche summarily executed Yang Wentong, interior administrator of Ancheng, in camp, and also accepted horses and weapons from surrendered men in irregular fashion. Jingli was again arrested for failing to correct these abuses. After a long interval he was pardoned.
11
宣帝即位，累遷通直散騎常侍、中書通事舍人，掌詔誥，仍復封邑。
When Xuandi took the throne, Jingli rose through repeated promotions to Supervising Regular Attendant-at-Court and Directing Secretariat Clerk, again in charge of edicts, and his fief was restored.
12
太建五年，都督吳明徹北侵，所向克捷，大破周梁士彥于呂梁，方進圍彭城。 時宣帝銳意河南，以為指麾可定，景曆稱師老將驕，不宜過窮遠略。 帝惡其沮眾，大怒，猶以朝廷舊臣，不加深罪，出為豫章內史。 未行，為飛章所劾，以在省之日，贓汙狼籍，帝令有司案問，景曆但承其半。 於是御史中丞宗元饒奏免景曆所居官，徙居會稽。
In the fifth year of Taijian (573), supervising Wu Mingche's northern campaign, the army carried all before it, crushing Northern Zhou general Liang Shiyan at Luliang, and was advancing to besiege Pengcheng. Xuandi was then intent on recovering the lands south of the Yellow River and believed the matter could be settled at a gesture. Jingli argued that the army was weary and the generals overconfident, and that they should not press a distant strategy to exhaustion. The emperor resented his dampening of morale and was furious, but because Jingli was a veteran of the court he did not impose a heavier penalty and merely sent him out as interior administrator of Yuzhang. Before he could depart, an anonymous memorial accused him of rampant corruption during his years at court. The emperor ordered an investigation. Jingli admitted only half the charges. Censor-in-Chief Zong Yuanrao thereupon memorialized to strip Jingli of his office and banish him to Kuaiji.
13
及吳明徹敗，帝追憶景曆前言，即日追還，以為征南鄱陽王諮議。 數日，遷員外散騎常侍，兼御史中丞，復本爵封，入守度支尚書。 舊式拜官在午後，景曆拜日，適逢輿駕幸玄武觀，在位皆侍宴，帝恐景曆不預，特令早拜，其見重如此。
When Wu Mingche was defeated, the emperor recalled Jingli's earlier warning and summoned him back that same day, appointing him advisor to the Prince of Poyang on the southern expedition. Within days he was promoted to Supernumerary Regular Attendant-at-Court, concurrently Censor-in-Chief, with his original rank and fief restored, and entered office as Minister of Revenue. By custom, audiences for new appointments were held in the afternoon. On the day of Jingli's audience, the emperor happened to visit the Xuanyuan Observatory, and all officials in attendance were serving at the banquet. Fearing Jingli would be left out, the emperor specially ordered an early audience. Such was the esteem in which he was held.
14
卒官，贈太常卿，諡曰敬。 十三年，改葬，重贈中領軍。 禎明元年，配享武帝廟庭。 二年，車駕親幸其宅，重贈景曆侍中、中撫將軍，諡曰忠敬，給鼓吹一部，於墓所立碑。
He died in office and was posthumously made Minister of Rites, with the posthumous name Respectful. In the thirteenth year, when his remains were reinterred, he was again posthumously made General-in-Chief of the Center. In the first year of Zhenming (587), he was granted a place in the sacrifices at Wudi's temple. In the second year, the emperor personally visited his former residence, again posthumously enfeoffing Jingli as Palace Attendant and General Who Pacifies the Center, with the posthumous name Loyal and Respectful, granting a set of ceremonial music, and erecting a stele at his tomb.
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景曆屬文，不尚雕靡，而長於敘事，應機敏速，為當時所稱。 有文集三十卷。 子征嗣。
Jingli's writing did not favor ornament, but he excelled at narrative and responded to occasions with quick wit. His contemporaries praised him highly. He left a collected works in thirty scrolls. His son Zheng succeeded him.
16
江大權字伯謀，濟陽考城人，位少府，封四會縣伯。 太建二年，卒於通直散騎常侍。
Jiang Daquan, courtesy name Bomou, was a native of Kaocheng in Jiyang. He served as Minister of the Palace Workshops and was enfeoffed as Count of Sihui. In the second year of Taijian (570) he died while serving as Supervising Regular Attendant-at-Court.
17
征字希祥，幼聰敏，精識強記。 年六歲，詣梁吏部尚書河南褚翔，嗟其穎悟。 七歲丁母憂，居喪如成人禮。 繼母劉氏，性悍忌，視之不以道，征供侍益謹，初無怨色。 征本名覽，景曆以其有王祥之性，更名字焉。
Zheng, courtesy name Xixiang, was clever from childhood, with keen perception and a powerful memory. At the age of six he called on Chu Xiang of Henan, Director of the Personnel Department under the Liang, who marveled at his precocious brilliance. At seven he entered mourning for his mother and observed the rites with the propriety of an adult. His stepmother, Lady Liu, was fierce and jealous and treated him harshly. Zheng served her all the more carefully and never showed resentment. Zheng's original name had been Lan. Jingli, seeing in him the filial nature of Wang Xiang, changed his name to Zheng.
18
陳武帝為南徐州，召補迎主簿，尋授太學博士。 太建中，累遷太子中舍人，兼東宮領直，襲封新豐侯。 至德中，位太子中庶子、中書舍人，掌詔誥。 尋授左戶尚書，與僕射江總知撰五禮事。 後主器其才幹，任寄日重。 遷吏部尚書，每十日一往東宮，于皇太子前論述古今得喪及當時政務。 又敕以廷尉寺獄，事無大小，取征議決。 俄敕遣徵收募兵士，自為部曲，征善撫恤，得物情，旬月之間，眾近一萬。 位望既重，兼聲位熏灼，物議咸忌憚之。 尋徙中書令。 中書清簡無事，或云征有怨言，後主聞之大怒，收奪人馬，將誅之，左右致諫，獲免。
When Chen Wudi was governor of Southern Xuzhou, Zheng was summoned as secretary for reception and soon appointed erudite of the Imperial University. During the Taijian period he rose through repeated promotions to Secretary in the Heir Apparent's household, concurrently chief of the Eastern Palace guard, and inherited the marquisate of Xinfeng. During the Zhide period he served as Secretary to the Heir Apparent and Directing Secretariat Clerk, in charge of edicts. He was soon appointed Director of the Left Household Department and, together with Vice Minister Jiang Zong, oversaw compilation of the Five Rites. The later sovereign valued his talent, and his responsibilities grew heavier by the day. He was promoted to Director of the Personnel Department. Every ten days he would visit the Eastern Palace and before the crown prince discuss the rise and fall of states through history and the affairs of the day. He was also ordered that in all cases, great and small, from the Court of Justice, Zheng's opinion should be sought for the final decision. Soon he was ordered to recruit soldiers and form his own command. Zheng was skilled at caring for his men and won their loyalty. Within a month or so his force neared ten thousand. His rank and influence were already great, and his reputation blazed so brightly that public opinion everywhere feared and resented him. He was soon transferred to Director of the Secretariat. The Secretariat was a quiet post with little business, and some said Zheng had voiced complaints. The later sovereign heard this and was furious. His men and horses were seized and he was nearly executed, but attendants remonstrated and he was spared.
19
禎明三年，隋軍濟江，後主以征有幹用，令權知中領軍事。 征日夜勤苦，備盡心力，後主嘉焉，謂曰：「事寧有以相報」。 及決戰于鍾山南岡，敕征守宮城西北大營，尋令督眾軍戰事。 陳亡，隨例入長安。
In the third year of Zhenming (589), when Sui forces crossed the Yangzi, the later sovereign, judging Zheng capable, gave him acting charge of central military headquarters. Zheng labored day and night, giving his utmost. The later sovereign praised him, saying, "When this is over, you shall be rewarded accordingly." At the decisive battle on the southern slope of Zhong Mountain, he ordered Zheng to hold the great camp northwest of the palace city, and soon put him in charge of all armies in the field. When Chen fell, he followed the usual course and went to Chang'an.
20
征美容儀，有口辯，多所詳究。 至於士流官宦，陳宗戚屬，及當朝制度，憲章儀軌，戶口風俗，山川土地，問無不對。 然性頗便佞進取，不能以退素自業。 初拜吏部尚書，啟後主借鼓吹，後主謂所司曰：「鼓吹軍樂，有功乃授，蔡征不自量揆，紊我朝章。 然其父景曆既有締構之功，宜且如啟，拜訖即追還。」 征不修廉隅，皆此類也。
Zheng was handsome in bearing, eloquent in speech, and had investigated many subjects in depth. On the gentry and officialdom, Chen imperial clansmen, current institutions, statutes and ritual, household registers and customs, mountains, rivers, and land—whatever he was asked, he answered without fail. Yet by nature he was inclined to flattery and advancement and could not content himself with a modest, retiring life. When first appointed Director of the Personnel Department, he petitioned the later sovereign to lend him ceremonial music. The sovereign told the responsible office, "Ceremonial music is military music, granted only for merit. Cai Zheng does not know his place and would disorder our court regulations. Yet his father Jingli earned merit in founding the dynasty. Grant the request for now, but recall the music as soon as the appointment ceremony is over. Zheng lacked integrity in such matters; this was typical of his conduct.
21
隋文帝聞其敏贍，召見顧問，言輒會旨。 然累年不調，久之，除太常丞。 曆尚書戶部儀曹郎，轉給事郎，卒。 子翼，位司徒屬。 入隋，為東宮學士。
Emperor Wen of Sui heard of his quick wit and summoned him for consultation. Whatever he said met the emperor's intent. Yet for many years he received no substantive appointment. After a long interval he was made Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. He served as secretary in the Rites Bureau of the Ministry of Revenue, was transferred to reporting clerk, and died. His son Yi served as secretary to the Minister of State Affairs. Under the Sui he became an academician of the Eastern Palace.
22
宗元饒，南郡江陵人也。 少好學，以孝聞。 仕梁為征南府外兵參軍。 及司徒王僧辯幕府初建，元饒與沛國劉師知同為主簿。 陳武帝受禪，稍遷廷尉卿、尚書左丞。 宣帝初，軍國務廣，事無巨細，一以咨之，台省號為稱職。
Zong Yuanrao was a native of Jiangling in Nan commandery. From youth he loved learning and was known for filial devotion. Under the Liang he served as external troops assistant in the southern expedition headquarters. When the secretariat of Minister of State Affairs Wang Sengbian was first established, Yuanrao and Liu Shizhi of Pei both served as chief clerks. When Chen Wudi received the mandate, Yuanrao was gradually promoted to Director of the Court of Justice and Left Assistant Minister. Early in Xuandi's reign, military and state affairs were pressing. Matters great and small were all referred to him, and the ministries pronounced him fully competent.
23
遷御史中丞，知五禮事。 時合州刺史陳褒贓汙狼籍，遣使就渚斂魚，又令人於六郡乞米，百姓甚苦之，元饒劾奏免之。 吳興太守武陵王伯禮、豫章內史南康嗣王方泰等，驕蹇放橫，元饒案奏，皆見削黜。 元饒性公平，善持法，諳曉故事，明練政體，吏有犯法，政不便時，及於名教不足者，隨事糾正，多所裨益。 遷南康內史，以秩米三千餘斛助人租課，存問高年，拯救乏絕，百姓甚賴焉。 以課最入朝，詔加散騎常侍。 後為吏部尚書，卒。
He was promoted to Censor-in-Chief with charge of the Five Rites. At that time Chen Bao, inspector of He province, was flagrantly corrupt. He sent agents to levy fish at the landing and had men beg rice throughout six districts, greatly burdening the people. Yuanrao impeached him and had him removed from office. Wang Boli, Prince of Wuling and governor of Wuxing, Wang Fangtai, heir of Nankang and interior administrator of Yuzhang, and others were arrogant and overbearing. Yuanrao investigated and memorialized against them, and all were demoted. Yuanrao was fair by nature, skilled at upholding the law, versed in precedent, and clear in the workings of government. Wherever officials broke the law, policy was ill suited to the times, or moral teaching was neglected, he corrected matters as required and brought much benefit. He was promoted to interior administrator of Nankang. He used more than three thousand hu of his salary grain to help people meet rent and tax obligations, inquired after the elderly, and relieved the destitute. The people relied on him greatly. Rated highest in his performance review, he was summoned to court and by edict made Supernumerary Regular Attendant-at-Court. He later became Director of the Personnel Department and died in office.
24
韓子高，會稽山陰人也。 家本微賤。 侯景之亂，寓都下。 景平，陳文帝出守吳興，子高年十六，為總角，容貌美麗，狀似婦人，於淮渚附部伍寄載欲還鄉里，文帝見而問曰：「能事我乎？」 子高許諾。 子高本名蠻子，帝改名之。 性恭謹，恒執備身刀及傳酒炙。 帝性急，子高恒會意旨。 稍長，習騎射，頗有膽決，願為將帥。 及平杜龕，配以士卒。 文帝甚愛之，未嘗離左右。
Han Zigao was a native of Shanyin in Kuaiji commandery. His family was of humble origin. During Hou Jing's rebellion he took refuge in the capital. After Hou Jing was defeated, Chen Wendi went out to take charge of Wuxing. Zigao was sixteen, just come of age, with a beautiful face that looked almost feminine. At a crossing on the Huai he had joined a convoy hoping to return home. Wendi saw him and asked, "Will you serve me? Zigao agreed. Zigao's original name had been Manzi. The emperor gave him a new name. He was respectful and careful by nature, always carrying the emperor's guard sword and serving wine and roasted meats. The emperor was quick-tempered, and Zigao always understood his wishes before they were spoken. As he grew older he trained in horsemanship and archery, showed real courage, and wished to become a military commander. After Du Kan was defeated, he was given a command of troops. Wendi loved him dearly and rarely let him leave his side.
25
帝嘗夢騎馬登山，路危欲墮，子高推捧而升。
The emperor once dreamed he was riding uphill on a dangerous path about to fall, when Zigao pushed and lifted him to safety.
26
文帝之討張彪也，沈泰等先降，帝據有州城，周文育鎮北郭香岩寺，張彪自剡縣夜還襲城，文帝自北門出，倉卒闇夕，軍人擾亂，唯子高在側。 文帝乃遣子高自亂兵中往見文育，反命酬答，於闇中又往慰勞眾軍。 文帝散兵稍集，子高引入文育營，因共立柵。 明日敗彪，彪奔松山，浙東平。 文帝乃分麾下多配子高，子高亦輕財禮士，歸之者甚眾。
When Wendi campaigned against Zhang Biao, Shen Tai and others surrendered first and Wendi held the prefectural city. Zhou Wenyü was stationed at Xiangyan Temple in the northern suburbs. Zhang Biao returned by night from Shan county to storm the city. Wendi fled through the north gate in the sudden darkness as the army fell into chaos. Only Zigao remained at his side. Wendi sent Zigao through the disordered ranks to reach Wenyü, bring back his reply, and then return in the darkness to rally the troops. As Wendi's scattered forces regrouped, Zigao brought him into Wenyü's camp, and together they threw up defensive palisades. The next day they defeated Biao, who fled to Song Mountain, and eastern Zhe was pacified. Wendi then assigned many of his own followers to Zigao's command. Zigao was generous with wealth and courteous to men of talent, and many flocked to him.
27
文帝嗣位，除右軍將軍，封文招縣子。 及王琳平，子高所統益多，將士依附之，其有所論進，帝皆任使焉。 天嘉六年，為右衛將軍。 文帝不豫，入侍醫藥。
When Wendi succeeded to the throne, Zigao was made General of the Right Army and enfeoffed as Viscount of Wenzhao. After Wang Lin was defeated, Zigao's following grew still larger. Officers and soldiers attached themselves to him, and the emperor appointed whomever he recommended. In the sixth year of Tianjia he was made General of the Right Guard. When Wendi fell ill, he attended at his bedside with medicines.
28
廢帝即位，加散騎常侍。 宣帝入輔，子高兵權過重，深不自安，好參訪台閣，又求出為衡、廣諸鎮。 光大元年八月，前上虞縣令陸昉及子高軍主告其謀反，宣帝在尚書省，因召文武在位議立皇太子，子高預焉，執送廷尉。 其夕與到仲舉同賜死。 父延慶及子弟並原宥。
When the new emperor took the throne, Zigao was given the additional title of Regular Attendant-at-Court. When Xuandi entered the capital as regent, Zigao's military power weighed too heavily on him. Deeply uneasy, he frequented the ministries for advice and sought a posting as commander of the Heng and Guang garrisons. In the eighth month of the first year of Guangda, the former magistrate of Shangyu, Lu Fang, and one of Zigao's commanders accused him of plotting rebellion. Xuandi was at the Ministry of State Affairs. He summoned the officials present to discuss installing the crown prince. Zigao attended the meeting and was seized and sent to the Court of Justice. That same night he was executed along with Dao Zhongju. His father Yanqing and his brothers and sons were all pardoned.
29
王琳東下，皎隨侯瑱拒之。 琳平，知江州事。 後隨都督吳明徹征周迪，迪平，以功進爵為侯，仍授都督、湘州刺史。 皎起自下吏，善營產業，又征川洞，多致銅鼓及生口，並送都下。 廢帝即位，改封重安縣公。
When Wang Lin marched east, Hua Jiao followed Hou Zhen to resist him. After Lin was defeated, he was placed in charge of Jiang province. He later followed the commander Wu Mingche against Zhou Di. When Di was defeated, Jiao was raised to marquis for his merit and appointed commander and inspector of Xiang province. Jiao had risen from the ranks of minor clerks. He was skilled at building wealth and campaigned in the hill country, sending many bronze drums and captives to the capital. When the new emperor took the throne, Jiao was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Chong'an county.
30
韓子高誅後，皎內不自安，光大元年，密啟求廣州，以觀時主意。 宣帝偽許之，而詔書未出。 皎亦遣使引周兵，又崇奉梁明帝，士馬甚盛。 詔乃以吳明徹為湘州刺史，實欲以輕兵襲之。 慮皎先發，乃前遣明徹率眾三萬，乘金翅直趣郢州，又遣撫軍大將軍淳于量率眾五萬，乘大艦繼之。
After Han Zigao's execution, Jiao felt inwardly insecure. In the first year of Guangda he secretly petitioned for Guang province to test the court's intentions. Xuandi pretended to agree, but no edict was issued. Jiao also sent envoys to summon Northern Zhou forces and proclaimed allegiance to Liang Mingdi. His army grew formidable. The court then named Wu Mingche inspector of Xiang province, intending in fact to strike Jiao with a light force. Fearing Jiao would move first, they sent Mingche ahead with thirty thousand men in swift golden-wing boats straight for Ying province, and Pacifying Army Grand General Chunyu Liang with fifty thousand men in large warships to follow.
31
時梁明帝遣水軍為皎聲援，周武帝遣衛公宇文直頓魯山，又遣柱國長湖西元定攻圍郢州。 梁明帝授皎司空，巴州刺史戴僧朔、衡陽內史任蠻奴、巴陵內史潘智虔、岳陽太守章昭裕、桂陽太守曹宣、湘東太守錢明，並隸於皎。 又長沙太守曹慶等本隸皎下，因為之用。 帝恐上流宰守並為皎扇惑，乃下詔曲赦湘、巴二州，其賊主帥節將，並許開恩出首。
Liang Mingdi sent a fleet in support of Jiao. Northern Zhou Wudi sent Duke of Wei Yuwen Zhi to hold Lushan and Pillar of State Xi Yuanding of Changhu to besiege Ying province. Liang Mingdi made Jiao Minister of Works. Dai Sengshuo, inspector of Ba province, Ren Mannu, interior administrator of Hengyang, Pan Zhiqian of Baling, Zhang Zhaoyu of Yueyang, Cao Xuan of Guiyang, and Qian Ming of Xiangdong all fell under his command. Cao Qing, governor of Changsha, and others who had already been under Jiao's authority likewise joined him. The emperor feared the upstream governors would all be swayed by Jiao. He issued an edict of partial amnesty for Xiang and Ba provinces, offering clemency to rebel leaders and garrison commanders who surrendered.
32
皎以大艦載薪，因風放火，俄而風轉自焚，皎大敗，乃與戴僧朔奔江陵。 元定等無復船渡，步趣巴陵，巴陵城已為陳軍所據，乃降，送於建鄴。 皎遂終於江陵，其黨並誅，唯任蠻奴、章昭裕、曹宣、劉廣業獲免。
Jiao loaded his great ships with fuel and set them ablaze downwind, but the wind shifted and the fire consumed his own fleet. He was utterly defeated and fled with Dai Sengshuo to Jiangling. Yuanding and his men could no longer cross by ship and marched overland toward Baling, but the city was already held by Chen forces. They surrendered and were sent to Jianye. Jiao died at Jiangling. His followers were executed, but Ren Mannu, Zhang Zhaoyu, Cao Xuan, and Liu Guangye were spared.
33
劉師知，沛國相人也。 家本素族。 祖奚之，齊淮南太守，以善政聞。 父景彥，梁司農卿。
Liu Shizhi was a native of Xiang in Pei commandery. His family belonged to the plain gentry. His grandfather Xizhi had been governor of Huainan under the Qi and was known for good governance. His father Jingyan had served as Minister of Agriculture under the Liang.
34
師知本名師智，以與敬帝諱同，改焉。 好學，有當務才，博涉書傳，工文筆，善儀體，台閣故事，多所詳悉。 紹泰初，陳武帝入輔，以師知為中書舍人，掌詔誥。 時兵亂後，朝儀多闕，武帝為丞相及加九錫並受禪，其儀注多師知所定。
Shizhi's original name had been Shizhi, identical to the taboo name of Emperor Jing of Liang, and was therefore changed. He loved learning and had a talent for practical affairs. He read widely in the classics, wrote well, understood ritual forms, and knew the precedents of the ministries in detail. At the beginning of Shaotai, when Chen Wudi entered the capital as regent, Shizhi was made Directing Secretariat Clerk in charge of edicts. After the wars, court ritual was largely in disarray. Shizhi drew up most of the protocols when Wudi served as chief minister, received the Nine Bestowals, and accepted the imperial mandate.
35
梁敬帝在內殿，師知常侍左右。 及將加害，師知詐帝令出，帝覺，遶床走曰：「師知賣我，陳霸先反。 我本不須作天子，何意見殺。」 師知執帝衣，行事者加刃焉。 既而報陳武帝曰：「事已了。」 武帝曰：「卿乃忠於我，後莫復爾。」 師知不對。 武帝受命，仍兼舍人。 性疏簡，與物多忤，雖位宦不遷，而任遇甚重，其所獻替，皆有弘益。
When Liang Emperor Jing was confined in the inner palace, Shizhi attended him constantly. When the moment came to kill him, Shizhi tricked the emperor into leaving his bedchamber. The emperor sensed the trap and ran around the bed crying, "Shizhi has betrayed me! Chen Baxian is in rebellion! I never wanted to be emperor in the first place. Why do you mean to kill me? Shizhi seized the emperor's robe while the assassins struck. He then reported to Chen Wudi, "It is done. Wudi said, "You have been loyal to me, but never do such a thing again." Shizhi made no answer. When Wudi took the throne, Shizhi retained his post as clerk. He was plain and blunt by nature and often at odds with others. Though his rank did not rise, his responsibilities were weighty, and his counsel consistently brought broad benefit.
36
及武帝崩，六日成服，時朝臣共議大行皇帝靈座俠御人衣服吉凶之制，博士沈文阿議宜服吉，師知議云：「既稱成服，本備喪禮。 案梁昭明太子薨，成服，俠侍之官，悉著衰斬，唯著鎧不異，此即可擬。 愚謂六日成服，俠靈座須服衰絰。」 中書舍人蔡景曆、江德藻、謝岐等同師知議。 時以二議不同，乃啟取左丞徐陵決斷。 陵云：「案山陵鹵簿吉部伍中，公卿以下導引者，爰及武賁、鼓吹、執蓋、奉車，並是吉服，豈容俠禦獨為衰絰？ 若言公卿胥吏並服衰絰，此與梓宮部伍有何差別？ 若言文物並吉，司事者凶，豈容衽絰而奉華蓋，衰衣而升玉路邪？ 同博士議。」 謝岐議曰：「靈筵祔宗廟，梓宮祔山陵，實如左丞議。 但山陵鹵簿，備有吉凶，從靈輿者儀服無變，從梓宮者皆服苴衰，爰至士禮，悉同此制。 此自是山陵之儀，非關成服。 今謂梓宮靈扆，共在西階，稱為成服，亦無鹵簿，直是爰自胥吏，上至王公，四海之內，必備衰絰。 案梁昭明太子薨，略是成例，豈容凡百士庶，悉皆服重，而侍中至於武衛，最是近官，反鳴玉紆青，與平吉不異？ 左丞既推以山陵事，愚意或謂與成服有殊。」 陵重答云：「老病屬纊，不能多說。 古人爭議，多成怨府，傅玄見尤于晉代，王商取陷於漢朝。 謹自三緘，敬同高命。 若萬一不死，猶得展言，庶與群賢，更申揚榷。」 文阿猶執所見，眾議不能決，乃具錄二議奏聞，上從師知議。
When Wudi died, the six-day mourning period was completed. The court debated whether the escort attendants at the late emperor's spirit seat should wear auspicious or mourning dress. Erudite Shen Wen'a argued for auspicious dress. Shizhi argued, "Since this is called completion of mourning garments, it is part of full mourning ritual. When Liang Crown Prince Zhaoming died, the escort officials all wore coarse mourning hemp upon completion of the mourning garments, differing only in that they still wore armor. That precedent applies here. I hold that on the sixth day, when mourning garments are completed, those attending the spirit seat must wear mourning hemp. Directing Secretariat Clerks Cai Jingli, Jiang Dezao, and Xie Qi agreed with Shizhi. Because the two positions differed, they submitted the question to Left Assistant Minister Xu Ling for a ruling. Ling ruled, "In the auspicious section of the imperial tomb procession, guides from the ministers down, together with martial guards, musicians, canopy bearers, and chariot attendants, all wear auspicious dress. How can the escort attendants alone wear mourning hemp? If ministers and clerks all wore mourning hemp, how would they differ from the outer-coffin procession? If the ceremonial regalia is auspicious while those performing the rites are in mourning, how can one wear mourning bands yet hold the imperial canopy, or wear mourning robes yet mount the jade chariot? He sided with the erudite. Xie Qi argued, "The spirit seat is enshrined in the ancestral temple and the outer coffin at the mountain tomb, as the Left Assistant Minister said. But the tomb procession includes both auspicious and mourning elements. Those following the spirit carriage keep auspicious dress unchanged, while those following the outer coffin all wear coarse mourning hemp. Even commoner rites follow this rule. That is ritual for the mountain tomb, not the question of completing mourning garments. Now the outer coffin and spirit screen stand together on the western steps. This is called completion of mourning garments, yet there is no full procession. From clerks up to princes and dukes, everyone within the realm should wear mourning hemp. When Crown Prince Zhaoming of Liang died, that was roughly the precedent. How can ordinary officials and commoners all wear heavy mourning, while the closest attendants from Palace Attendant down to the Martial Guard wear jade pendants and blue sashes no different from ordinary auspicious dress? Since the Left Assistant Minister treats this as a matter of tomb ritual, I believe it differs from the question of completing mourning garments. Ling replied again, "I am old and ill, close to death, and cannot say much. Ancient disputes often bred lasting resentment. Fu Xuan was blamed under the Jin, and Wang Shang was ruined under the Han. I seal my lips thrice over and respectfully accept your ruling. If by some chance I do not die, I may yet speak further and debate the matter again with the assembled scholars. Wen'a still held to his view and the assembly could not decide. Both arguments were recorded and submitted, and the emperor followed Shizhi's position.
37
遷鴻臚卿，舍人如故。 天嘉元年，坐事免。 尋起為中書舍人，復掌詔誥。 天康元年，文帝不豫，師知與尚書僕射到仲舉等入侍醫藥。 帝崩，豫顧命。 宣帝入輔，師知與仲舉等遣舍人殷不佞矯詔令宣帝還東府，事覺，於北獄賜死。
He was promoted to Minister of Guests while retaining his duties as clerk. In the first year of Tianjia he was dismissed for an offense. He was soon reappointed Directing Secretariat Clerk and again put in charge of edicts. In the first year of Tiankang, when Wendi fell ill, Shizhi entered with Vice Minister Dao Zhongju and others to attend him with medicines. When the emperor died, Shizhi was named in the final testament. When Xuandi entered as regent, Shizhi and Zhongju sent Clerk Yin Buniu with a forged edict ordering Xuandi back to the Eastern Residence. When the plot was exposed, Shizhi was executed in the northern prison.
38
初，文帝敕師知撰起居注，自永定二年秋至天嘉元年為十卷。
Earlier, Wendi had ordered Shizhi to compile the imperial diary from autumn of the second year of Yongding through the first year of Tianjia, in ten scrolls.
39
謝岐，會稽山陰人也。 父達，梁太學博士。
Xie Qi was a native of Shanyin in Kuaiji commandery. His father Da had been an erudite of the Imperial University under the Liang.
40
弟嶠，篤學，為通儒。
His younger brother Qiao was devoted to learning and became a recognized scholar of wide learning.
41
毛喜字伯武，滎陽陽武人也。 祖稱，梁散騎侍郎。 父棲忠，中權司馬。
Mao Xi, courtesy name Bowu, was a native of Yangwu in Xingyang commandery. His grandfather Cheng had been Regular Attendant under the Liang. His father Qizhong had been marshal of the Central Guard.
42
文帝嘗謂宣帝曰：「我諸子皆以'伯'為名，汝諸子宜用'叔'為稱。」 宣帝以訪喜，喜即條自古名賢杜叔英、虞叔卿等二十餘人以啟之，文帝稱善。
Wendi once told Xuandi, "All my sons use the element Bo in their names. Your sons should use Shu instead. Xuandi consulted Xi, who promptly listed more than twenty worthy names from antiquity, such as Du Shuying and Yu Shuqing, and presented them. Wendi approved.
43
文帝崩，廢帝沖昧，宣帝錄尚書輔政，僕射到仲舉等矯太后令，遣宣帝還東府，當時疑懼，無敢厝言。 喜即馳入，謂宣帝曰：「今日之言，必非太后之意，宗社至重，願加三思。」 竟如其策。
When Wendi died, the young emperor was still a child. Xuandi took charge of the Ministry of State Affairs as regent. Vice Minister Dao Zhongju and others forged an order from the empress dowager sending Xuandi back to the Eastern Residence. Everyone was fearful, and no one dared speak. Xi rode in at once and told Xuandi, "Today's order cannot truly come from the empress dowager. The fate of the dynasty is at stake. I beg you to think carefully. Events unfolded exactly as he had foreseen.
44
右衛將軍韓子高始與仲舉通謀，其事未發，喜謂宣帝曰：「宜簡人馬配與子高，並賜鐵炭，使修器甲。」 宣帝曰：「子高即欲收執，何更如是？」 喜曰：「山陵始畢，邊寇尚多，而子高受委前朝，名為杖順，宜推心安誘，使不自疑，圖之一壯士之力耳。」 宣帝卒行其計。
General of the Right Guard Han Zigao had been in league with Zhongju, though the plot was not yet exposed. Xi told Xuandi, "You should assign men and horses to Zigao and grant him iron and charcoal to have weapons and armor repaired. Xuandi said, "I am about to arrest Zigao. Why do this?" Xi said, "The imperial tomb rites have only just ended, border enemies are still numerous, and Zigao was entrusted by the previous reign. He is known as a loyalist. You should reassure and win him over so he does not grow suspicious. Bringing him down would take no more than one resolute man." Xuandi followed his plan.
45
及得淮南之地，喜陳安邊之術，宣帝納之，即日施行。 帝又欲進兵彭、汴，以問喜，喜以為「淮左新平，邊人未輯，周氏始吞齊國，難與爭鋒，未若安人保境，斯久長之術也」。 上不從。 吳明徹卒俘于周。
After the Huainan region was recovered, Xi presented a plan for securing the borders. Xuandi accepted it and put it into effect that same day. The emperor also wished to advance on Pengcheng and Bian and asked Xi. Xi argued, "The region south of the Huai has only just been pacified and the frontier people are not yet settled. The Zhou have only just swallowed Qi and would be hard to meet in battle. It would be better to settle the people and secure the borders. That is the strategy for lasting peace." The emperor did not heed him. Wu Mingche was ultimately captured by the Zhou.
46
喜後曆丹陽尹，吏部尚書。 及宣帝崩，叔陵構逆，敕中庶子陸瓊宣旨，令南北諸軍皆取喜處分。 賊平，加侍中。
Xi later served as governor of Danyang and Director of the Personnel Department. When Xuandi died, Shuling plotted rebellion. An edict was sent through Secretary to the Heir Apparent Lu Qiong ordering all armies north and south to follow Xi's command. After the rebels were suppressed, he was given the additional title of Palace Attendant.
47
初，宣帝委政於喜，喜數有諫爭，事並見從。 自明徹敗後，帝深悔不用其言，謂袁憲曰：「一不用喜計，遂令至此。」 由是益見親重，喜乃言無回避。 時皇太子好酒德，每共親幸人為長夜之宴，喜嘗言之宣帝，太子遂銜之，即位後稍見疏遠。 及被始興王傷，創愈，置酒引江總以下，展樂賦詩，醉酣而命喜。 于時山陵初畢，未及踰年，喜見之不懌，欲諫而後主已醉。 喜言心疾，僕於階下，移出省中。 後主醒，乃謂江總曰：「我悔召毛喜，知其無病，但欲阻我歡宴，非我所為耳。」 乃與司馬申謀曰：「此人負氣，吾欲將乞鄱陽兄弟，聽其報讎，可乎？」 對曰：「終不為官用，願如聖旨。」 傅縡爭之曰：「若許報讎，欲置先皇何地？」 後主曰：「當與一小郡，勿令見人事耳。」
At first Xuandi entrusted government to Xi. Xi remonstrated repeatedly, and his advice was generally followed. After Mingche's defeat, the emperor deeply regretted ignoring his advice and told Yuan Xian, "Had I followed Xi's counsel even once, things would not have come to this. From then on Xi was treated with still greater favor, and he spoke without holding back. The crown prince was fond of wine and pleasure and often held all-night banquets with his favorites. Xi had reported this to Xuandi, and the crown prince bore a grudge. After he took the throne, Xi was gradually distanced. After he was wounded by the Prince of Shixing and recovered, he held a banquet for Jiang Zong and others, with music and poetry. When he was thoroughly drunk, he summoned Xi. The imperial tomb rites had only just ended, less than a year before. Xi was displeased at what he saw and wished to remonstrate, but the later sovereign was already drunk. Xi claimed a heart ailment, collapsed on the steps, and was carried out of the palace offices. When the later sovereign sobered, he told Jiang Zong, "I regret summoning Mao Xi. I know he was not ill. He only wanted to spoil my pleasure. That is not what I want. He then plotted with Sima Shen, saying, "This man is proud. I want to send him to the brothers of Poyang and let him take his revenge. Would that do?" Shen replied, "He will never again be useful in office. Your Majesty's wish should be granted." Fu Zai objected, "If you allow him to take revenge, where does that leave the late emperor?" The later sovereign said, "Give him a small commandery and keep him from court affairs."
48
至德元年，授永嘉內史。 喜至郡，不受奉秩，政弘清靜，人吏安之。 遇豐州刺史章大寶舉兵反，郡與豐州接，而素無備，喜乃修城隍器械，又遣兵援建安。 賊平，授南安內史。 禎明元年，徵為光祿大夫，領左驍騎將軍，道卒。 有集十卷。 子處沖嗣。
In the first year of Zhide he was appointed interior administrator of Yongjia. When Xi reached his post, he refused his official salary. His administration was pure and quiet, and officials and people alike were content. When Zhang Dabao, inspector of Feng province, rebelled, Xi's commandery bordered Feng and was unprepared. Xi repaired the walls and arms and sent troops to aid Jian'an. After the rebels were suppressed, he was appointed interior administrator of Nan'an. In the first year of Zhenming he was summoned as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, concurrently General of the Left Valiant Cavalry, and died on the journey to court. He left a collected works in ten scrolls. His son Chuchong succeeded him.
49
沈君理字仲倫，吳興人也。 祖僧畟，梁左戶尚書。 父巡，元帝時位少府卿。 魏平荊州，梁宣帝署金紫光祿大夫。
Shen Junli, courtesy name Zhonglun, was a native of Wuxing commandery. His grandfather Sengji had been Director of the Left Household Department under the Liang. His father Xun had served as Minister of the Palace Treasury under Yuandi. When Wei conquered Jing province, Liang Xuandi appointed him Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon.
50
君理美風儀，博涉有識鑒。 陳武帝鎮南徐州，巡遣君理致謁，深見器重，命尚會稽長公主。 及帝受禪，拜駙馬都尉，封永安亭侯，為吳郡太守。 時兵革未甯，百姓荒弊，君理總集士卒，修飾器械，深以幹理見稱。
Junli had an elegant bearing, wide learning, and sound judgment. When Chen Wudi was stationed at Southern Xuzhou, Xun sent Junli to pay his respects. Wudi valued him highly and had him marry the Eldest Princess of Kuaiji. When Wudi took the throne, Junli was made Commandant of the Horse Guards, enfeoffed as Marquis of Yong'an Pavilion, and appointed governor of Wu commandery. War had not yet ended and the people were destitute. Junli gathered troops, repaired arms and equipment, and won high praise for his administrative ability.
51
文帝嗣位，累遷左戶尚書。 天嘉六年，為東陽太守。 天康元年，以父憂去職，自請往荊州迎柩。 朝議以在位重臣，難令出境，乃遣長兄君嚴往焉。 及還，將葬，詔贈巡侍中、領軍將軍，諡曰敬子。
When Wendi succeeded to the throne, Junli rose through repeated promotions to Director of the Left Household Department. In the sixth year of Tianjia he was made governor of Dongyang. In the first year of Tiankang he left office to mourn his father and asked to go to Jing province to bring back the coffin. The court held that as a senior minister in office he could not be sent abroad, and dispatched his elder brother Junyan instead. When they returned for the burial, an edict posthumously made Xun Palace Attendant and General Who Leads the Army, with the posthumous name Respectful.
52
太建中，歷位太子詹事，吏部尚書。 宣帝以君理女為皇太子妃，賜爵望蔡縣侯，位侍中、尚書右僕射。 卒，贈翊左將軍、開府儀同三司，諡曰貞憲。 君理弟君高、君公。
During the Taijian period he served as Steward of the Heir Apparent and Director of the Personnel Department. Xuandi made Junli's daughter crown princess, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Wangcai county, and appointed him Palace Attendant and Right Vice Minister of State Affairs. He died and was posthumously made Left Supporting General and Grand Master with Golden Seal and Ceremonial Equal to the Three Excellencies, with the posthumous name Upright and Lawful. Junli's younger brothers were Jungao and Jungong.
53
君高字季高，少知名，性剛直，有吏能。 位衛尉卿，平越中郎將、都督、廣州刺史，甚得人和。 卒，諡祁子。
Jungao, courtesy name Jigao, was known from youth. He was upright and firm by nature and capable in administration. He served as Minister of the Guards, Pacifying Agent of Yue, commander, and inspector of Guang province, and won great goodwill among the people. He died and was given the posthumous name Qi.
54
君公自梁元帝敗後，常在江陵。 禎明中，與蕭瓛、蕭岩叛隋歸陳，後主擢為太子詹事。 君公博學有才辯，善談論，後主深器之。 陳亡入隋，文帝以其叛亡，命斬于建康。
After Liang Yuandi's defeat, Jungong remained at Jiangling. In Zhenming he defected from Sui to Chen with Xiao Huan and Xiao Yan, and the later sovereign promoted him to Steward of the Heir Apparent. Jungong was learned, talented, and eloquent, skilled in debate, and the later sovereign valued him deeply. When Chen fell he entered Sui service, but Emperor Wen ordered him executed at Jianye for his earlier defection.
55
君理第五叔邁，亦方正有幹局，位通直散騎常侍，侍東宮。
Junli's fifth uncle Mai was also upright and capable. He served as Supervising Regular Attendant-at-Court in attendance on the Eastern Palace.
56
陸山才字孔章，吳郡吳人也。 祖翁寶，梁尚書水部郎。 父泛，中散大夫。
Lu Shancai, courtesy name Kongzhang, was a native of Wu in Wu commandery. His grandfather Wengbao had been secretary in the Water Bureau under the Liang Ministry of State Affairs. His father Fan had been Grand Master of Leisurely Harmony.
57
山才倜儻，好尚文史，范陽張纘、纘弟綰並欽重之。
Shancai was bold and unconventional, devoted to literature and history. Zhang Zuan of Fanyang and his younger brother Wan both held him in high esteem.
58
紹泰中，都督周文育出鎮南豫州，不知書疏，以山才為長史，政事悉以委之。 文育南討，克蕭勃，禽歐陽頠，計畫多出山才。 後文育重鎮豫章金口，山才復為鎮南長史、豫章太守。
During Shaotai, Commander Zhou Wenyü took up his post at Southern Yu province. Unskilled in written administration, he made Shancai chief clerk and entrusted all government affairs to him. In Wenyü's southern campaign, which defeated Xiao Bo and captured Ouyang Yu, most of the plans came from Shancai. When Wenyü was again stationed at Jinkou in Yuzhang, Shancai again served as chief clerk of the southern garrison and governor of Yuzhang.
59
文育為熊曇朗所害，曇朗囚山才等，送于王琳。 未至，而侯安都敗琳將常眾愛，由是山才獲反。 累遷度支尚書，坐侍宴與蔡景曆言語過差，為有司所奏，免官。 尋授散騎常侍，遷西陽、武昌二郡太守。 卒，諡曰簡子。
Wenyü was killed by Xiong Tanlang, who imprisoned Shancai and the others and sent them to Wang Lin. Before they reached Lin, Hou Andu defeated Lin's general Chang Zhong'ai, and Shancai was able to return. He rose to Minister of Revenue but was dismissed after words exchanged with Cai Jingli at a banquet exceeded proper bounds and were reported by the authorities. He was soon appointed Regular Attendant-at-Court and transferred to governor of Xiyang and Wuchang commanderies. He died and was given the posthumous name Simple.
60
論曰：趙知禮、蔡景曆屬陳武經綸之日，居文房書記之任，此乃宋、齊之初傅亮、王儉之職。 若乃校其才用，理不同年，而卒能膺務濟時，蓋其遇也。 希祥勞臣之子，才名自致，跡涉便佞，貞介所羞。 元饒始終任遇，無虧公道，名位自卒，其殆優乎。 子高權重為戮，亦其宜也。 華皎經綸雲始，既蹈元功，殷憂之辰，自同勁草，雖致奔敗，未足為非。 師知送往多闕，見忌新主，謀人之義，可無慎哉； 然晚遇誅夷，非其過也。 毛喜逢時遇主，好謀而成，見廢昏朝，不致公輔，惜矣。 沈、陸所以見重，固亦雅望之所致焉。
The historian comments: Zhao Zhili and Cai Jingli served during Chen Wudi's founding of the dynasty in the role of literary secretaries, the same office held by Fu Liang and Wang Jian at the beginning of the Song and Qi dynasties. Judged by talent alone they were not equals, yet both managed to serve the needs of their age. That was largely a matter of circumstance. Xixiang, son of a meritorious minister, won fame by his own ability, yet his conduct smacked of flattery and advancement, which the upright despise. Yuanrao enjoyed favor throughout his career without compromising public justice and died in honor. He was perhaps the finest of them. Zigao's execution was fitting, for his power had grown too great. Hua Jiao had shared in the founding of the dynasty and earned original merit. In a time of crisis he stood firm as tough grass. Though he ended in defeat, his conduct was not wholly blameworthy. Shizhi had been deeply involved in the deposition of the old emperor and was resented by the new ruler. In the business of plotting against others, one ought to be cautious. Yet his late execution was not wholly deserved. Mao Xi met the right moment and the right ruler, planned well and succeeded, yet was cast aside by a benighted court and never reached the highest office. That was a pity. The esteem in which Shen and Lu were held owed much to their cultivated reputations.