Chai Shouli (柴守禮)

Overview

The translated histories identify Chai Shouli as a family member, official, and royal family member. This record brings together 10 passages from 3 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Chai Shouli	柴守禮	Chai Shouli
Surname	Chai	柴	Chái
Personal name	Chai Shouli	柴守禮	Chái Shǒulǐ
Courtesy name	Kerang	克讓	Kèràng
Personal	Shouli	守礼	Shǒulǐ
Given	Shouli	守禮	Shǒulǐ
Descriptive kinship	the empress's brother	后兄

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:012:s0004
Sex: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0001

Roles

Family Member
Official
Royal Family Member

Life and dates

Death

Manner: unspecified
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0007

Age

Age: 72 · Reckoning: sui
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0007

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 世宗之世 · Western Interval: Start: AD 954 · End: AD 959
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:020:s0005, xinwudaishi:020:s0004
Source Date: Text: 太祖入立前后 · Western Year: AD 951
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:012:s0004
Source Date: Text: 顯德六年 · Western Year: AD 959
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:120:s0027

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Sibling of Empress Shenmu Chai (柴氏)
Kinship Term: elder brother / 後兄 · Subject Relative Age: elder · Shared Parentage: full
Kinship Term: empress's brother / 后兄 · Shared Parentage: uncertain · Subject Relative Age: uncertain
Parent of Emperor Shizong (世宗)
Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

Career and standing

Label: acting Minister of Personnel / 檢校吏部尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0003
Label: concurrent Censor-in-Chief / 兼御史大夫 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0003
Label: Silver-Gleaming Grand Master for Splendid Happiness / 銀青光祿大夫 · Action: appointed
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0003
Label: Grand Tutor / 太傅 · Action: held
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0007
Label: Grand Master for Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon / 金紫光祿大夫 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 世宗即位 · Western Year: AD 954
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0004
Label: acting Minister of Works / 檢校司空 · Action: promoted
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0004
Label: Director of the Imperial Household / 光祿卿 · Action: promoted
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0004
Status: retirement · Action: entered · Place: Luoyang / 洛陽
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0005

Places and affiliations

Polity: Later Zhou / 周 · Relation: served
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0003, xinwudaishi:020:s0004
Place: Luoyang / 洛陽 · Relation: resided-at
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0005
Organization: Ten Foster Fathers / 十阿父 · Relation: member-of
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0006

Events and relationships

Kind: legal · Role: perpetrator · Action: killed-a-man · Place: marketplace / 市
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0005, xinwudaishi:020:s0013

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: overbearing · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:020:s0005

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 120Volume 120 Book of Later Zhou 22: Emperor Gong Annals · 1 passage

Open chapter

八月甲戌朔，以光祿卿致仕柴守禮為太子太保致仕。 On the first day jiaxu of the eighth month, Chai Shouli, retired Director of the Imperial Household, was made retired Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 12Volume 12 Later Zhou Annals 3: Shizong, Emperor Gong · 1 passage

Open chapter

后兄守礼子荣，幼从姑长太祖家，以谨厚见爱，太祖遂以为子。 Rong, Shouli’s son and the empress’s nephew, was raised from boyhood in Taizu’s house through his aunt; his sober loyalty won affection, and Taizu adopted him as a son.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20: Shizong of Later Zhou's Family · 8 passages

Open chapter

柴守禮 Chai Shouli

周太祖聖穆皇后柴氏，無子，養後兄守禮之子以為子，是為世宗。 Empress Shengmu of the Chai clan, wife of Later Zhou's Taizu, bore no sons. She adopted her elder brother Shouli's son as her own; that child became Shizong.

守禮字克讓，以後族拜銀青光祿大夫、檢校吏部尚書、兼御史大夫。 Shouli, courtesy name Kerang, was made Silver-Gleaming Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, acting Minister of Personnel, and concurrent Censor-in-Chief on account of his ties to the empress's clan.

致仕，居於洛陽，終世宗之世，未嘗至京師，而左右亦莫敢言，第以元舅禮之，而守禮亦頗恣橫，嘗殺人於市，有司有聞，世宗不問。 He retired to Luoyang and never once came to the capital during Shizong's entire reign, yet no one at court dared raise the matter; they could only honor him as the emperor's maternal uncle. Shouli was also quite overbearing and once killed a man in the marketplace. When officials reported it, Shizong took no action.

是時，王溥、汪晏、王彥超、韓令坤等同時將相，皆有父在洛陽，與守禮朝夕往來，惟意所為，洛陽人多畏避之，號「十阿父。」 At the time Wang Pu, Wang Yan, Wang Yanchao, Han Lingkun, and others were serving together as generals and chief ministers. Each had a father living in Luoyang who kept company with Shouli day and night and did as they pleased. The people of Luoyang mostly feared and avoided them, calling them the "Ten Foster Fathers."

守禮卒年七十二，官至太傅。 Shouli died at seventy-two, having risen to Grand Tutor.

予讀周史，見守禮殺人，世宗寢而不問，蓋進任天下重矣，而子於其父亦至矣，故寧受屈法之過，以申父子之道，其所以合於義者，蓋知權也。 Reading the history of Zhou, I see that when Shouli killed a man Shizong let the matter drop. He put the weight of the realm first, yet a son's duty to his father also stood at its height. He would rather bear the fault of bending the law than violate the bond between father and son. That this was righteous shows he knew how to weigh circumstances.

然則為舜與世宗者，宜如何無使瞽叟、守禮至於殺人，則可謂孝矣！ For men like Shun and Shizong, true filial piety would mean keeping Gusou and Shouli from ever killing in the first place.