Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)

Overview

Emperor Daozong of Liao was an Eighth emperor of the Liao dynasty.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Yelu Hongji	耶律洪基
Courtesy name	Nielin	涅鄰	Nièlín
Childhood name	Zala	查剌	Zhālà
Posthumous name	Benevolent Sage Great Filial Literary Emperor	仁聖大孝文皇帝

Life and dates

Death

AD 1101 壽隆七年正月甲戌
At mobile palace 行宮
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 162
AD 1101 壽隆七年正月甲戌
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 1
AD 1101 道宗崩
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 16, 101; History of Liao 94, passage 49
Directly stated · History of Liao 95, passage 61

Age

6
Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 4
70
Reckoning Stated
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 162

Attested activity

AD 1085 大安元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 149, 155, 167-168, 172
AD 1075 大康元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 67; History of Liao 43, passages 16-17; History of Liao 62, passage 60; History of Liao 72, passages 171, 181
AD 1075 大康元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passage 18
AD 1055 清寧元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 21, 59; History of Liao 62, passage 38
AD 1055 清寧元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 56, passage 31
AD 1055 清寧初
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 87, passages 73, 76

Show 114 more source-backed claims

AD 1055 清寧間
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 89, passage 21
AD 1055 道宗即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 99, passage 4; History of Liao 110, passage 121
AD 1055 道宗清寧元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 49, passage 82
AD 1064 道宗清寧十年
Directly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 16
AD 1086 二年七月乙酉
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 196
AD 1086 二年七月甲子
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 195
AD 1086 二年九月丙子
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 200
AD 1086 二年九月壬申
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 199
AD 1086 二年九月己卯
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 201
AD 1086 二年九月庚午
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 198
AD 1086 二年九月辛巳
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 202
AD 1086 二年二月癸酉
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 177
AD 1086 二年五月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 185
AD 1086 二年五月丁巳朔
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 182
AD 1086 二年五月乙亥
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 183
AD 1086 二年八月戊子
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 197
AD 1086 二年六月丁亥朔
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 186
AD 1086 二年六月乙巳
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 190
AD 1086 二年六月壬子
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 192
AD 1086 二年六月戊申
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 191
AD 1086 二年六月甲辰
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 189
AD 1086 二年六月癸卯
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 188
AD 1086 二年冬十月丁亥
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 205
AD 1086 二年冬十月乙酉朔
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 203
AD 1086 二年十一月甲戌
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 206
AD 1086 二年十一月癸未
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 208
AD 1086 二年十二月辛卯
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 209
AD 1086 二年夏四月戊寅
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 184
AD 1086 二年夏四月戊戌
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 180
AD 1086 二年夏四月癸丑
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 181
AD 1086 二年春正月辛卯
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 174
AD 1086 二年正月癸丑
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 176
AD 1086 二年秋七月丁巳
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 193
AD 1086 二年秋七月戊午
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 194
AD 1076 大康二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 95
AD 1076 大康二年
Directly stated · History of Liao 89, passage 113
AD 1056 清寧二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 60, 86
AD 1077 大康三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 121; History of Liao 62, passage 62; History of Liao 107, passages 41, 57; History of Liao 111, passages 35, 39
AD 1057 清寧三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 89, 108
AD 1078 大康四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 158
AD 1058 清寧四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 109, 139
AD 1059 清寧五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 140, 147; History of Liao 104, passages 8, 11
AD 1060 清寧六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 148, 154
AD 1091 大安七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 43, passages 16, 18
AD 1061 清寧七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 155, 168
AD 1063 清寧九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 96, passage 33; History of Liao 112, passage 130; History of Liao 114, passages 19, 52
AD 1085 to AD 1094 大安
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 97, passage 8
AD 1085 to AD 1094 大安中
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 114, passage 68
AD 1075 to AD 1084 大康中
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passage 66
AD 1055 to AD 1064 清寧
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 97, passage 42
AD 1055 to AD 1064 清寧中
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 114, passages 8, 15
AD 1055 to AD 1056 清寧初
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 91, passage 54
AD 1055 to AD 1064 清寧初
Directly stated · History of Liao 95, passages 50-51
AD 1055 道宗即位
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 96, passage 171
AD 1055 AD 1055-1101
Directly stated · History of Liao 98, passages 94, 112
AD 1081 七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 57, 61, 64, 68, 71-73
AD 1091 七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 100
AD 1087 三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 2
AD 1063 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 14
AD 1073 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 34
AD 1083 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 104, 106, 109, 111, 128
AD 1093 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 140
AD 1069 九月丁丑
Dated from the passage context · History of Song 14, passages 223, 227
AD 1079 五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 1-2, 4, 7-9, 14, 16, 20, 26
AD 1089 五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 70
AD 1062 八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 2
AD 1072 八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passages 2, 4
AD 1082 八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 78, 80-81
AD 1092 八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 119
AD 1080 六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 28, 30-31, 54
AD 1090 六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 88
AD 1042 十一年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 19, passages 38, 60
AD 1043 十二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 19, passages 68, 90
AD 1064 十年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 41
AD 1074 十年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 48
AD 1084 十年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 134, 145
AD 1094 十年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 166
AD 1071 咸雍七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 169
AD 1067 咸雍三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 100
AD 1066 咸雍二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 76
AD 1069 咸雍五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 151
AD 1069 咸雍五年
Directly stated · History of Liao 95, passages 83-84
AD 1065 咸雍元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 56
AD 1070 咸雍六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 62, passage 47
AD 1068 咸雍四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 22, passage 125
AD 1065 to AD 1074 咸雍間
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 107, passages 24, 38
AD 1088 四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 27
AD 1101 壽隆七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passages 157, 162
AD 1101 壽隆七年正月甲戌
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 1
AD 1097 壽隆三年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 50
AD 1095 to AD 1101 壽隆中
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 107, passages 65-66
AD 1096 壽隆二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 33
AD 1099 壽隆五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 95
AD 1095 壽隆元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 2; History of Liao 96, passages 226-227
AD 1100 壽隆六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 116
AD 1098 壽隆四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 78
AD 1055 to AD 1101 後道宗詔
Directly stated · History of Liao 77, passage 176
AD 1063 灤河之變
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 96, passage 191
AD 1055 to AD 1101 至道宗始命夷離畢拜之
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 49, passage 159
AD 1055 興宗崩
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 15
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passages 25, 142; History of Liao 67, passage 137
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 65, passage 223
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗之世
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 41
AD 1055 to AD 1064 道宗初年
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 52
AD 1055 道宗即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 72; History of Liao 112, passage 129
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗太和宮
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 45, passage 314
AD 1101 道宗崩
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 16, 101; History of Liao 94, passage 49; History of Liao 95, passage 61
AD 1095 to AD 1101 道宗末年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 60, passage 47
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗每歲
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 32, passage 29
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗賜耶律仁先鷹紐印
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 57, passage 33
AD 1052 重熙二十一年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passage 7
AD 1055 重熙二十四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passages 9-10
AD 1042 重熙十一年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passage 5
AD 1043 重熙十二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 21, passage 6

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Spouse of Sister of Xiao Xiamo
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage · AD 1075 大康元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passage 23
Spouse of Empress Xiao (皇后蕭氏)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage · AD 1076 大康二年
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 109
Kin of Chongyuan (重元)
imperial uncle 皇太叔 · paternal line · Through Father of Daozong (道宗之父)
imperial uncle 皇太叔 · paternal line
Prince Chongyuan 重元
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 22, passage 20; History of Liao 21, passage 17; History of Liao 97, passage 25
Parent of Father of Yanxi
grandfather via son 皇祖 · paternal line · 2 generations
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 24, passage 30
Ancestor of Yelü Yanxi (延禧)
grandson 孫 · paternal line · 2 generations
imperial grandson 皇孫 · 2 generations
imperial grandson 皇孫 · paternal line · 2 generations
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 27, passage 240; History of Liao 23, passage 75; History of Liao 98, passages 11, 14, 112
Parent of Imperial Grandson (皇孫)
imperial grandson 皇孫 · 2 generations
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passage 53
Parent of Yelü Jun (浚)
crown prince 太子
crown prince 皇太子
eldest son 長子
son's father relation via grandson 孫
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 24, passage 111; History of Liao 99, passage 10; History of Liao 62, passages 62, 101; History of Liao 97, passages 33, 51; History of Liao 72, passage 171; History of Liao 27, passage 240
Parent of Yelü Jun (耶律浚)
crown prince 皇太子
imperial son 皇子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 23, passages 72, 140; History of Liao 22, passage 40; History of Liao 21, passage 139
Parent of The Heir Apparent (皇太子)
crown prince 皇太子
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 111, passages 12, 39
Parent of Sagezhi (撒葛只)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 223, 225
Parent of Jiuli (糺里)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 223, 232
Parent of Teri (特里)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 223, 239
Parent of Daughter of Emperor Daozong
daughter 女
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 24, passage 9
Child of Emperor Xingzong of Liao (遼興宗)
father 父
imperial prince
eldest son 長子 · paternal line
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 126; History of Liao 19, passage 60; History of Liao 21, passage 3
Spouse of Empress Xuanyi (宣懿皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
empress consort 皇后
empress 皇后
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 99, passage 79; History of Liao 72, passage 171; History of Liao 67, passage 137; History of Liao 65, passage 224; History of Liao 27, passages 14, 18
Child of Empress Dowager (皇太后)
Empress Dowager 皇太后
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 22, passage 13
Child of Empress Renyi of Xiao (仁懿皇后蕭氏)
empress dowager 皇太后
mother 母 · maternal line
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 23, passages 99, 104; History of Liao 21, passage 3
Spouse of Empress of Daozong (皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 68
Spouse of Empress Yide of Xiao (懿德皇后蕭氏)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 50
Spouse of Empress (皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 111, passage 76
Spouse of Empress (皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage · Ended
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 90
Spouse of Empress (mother of the crown prince)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage · Ended
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passages 19-20
Child of Father of Daozong (道宗之父)
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 22, passage 20
Spouse of Favorite Consort of Emperor Daozong (嬖後)
favorite consort 嬖後 · Concubinage · Ended
Directly stated · History of Liao 99, passage 96
Parent of Princess of Zhao (趙國公主)
imperial daughter 皇女
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 23, passage 145; History of Liao 111, passage 40
Parent of Crown Prince (皇太子)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passage 83
Sibling of Yelü Heluwo (耶律和魯斡)
younger brother 皇弟 · Uncertain siblings
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 51

Kinship Role imperial-clan-princes · Count 10 · ten princes of the imperial clan executed for disrespect to their mother
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 53
Kinship Role daughters · Count 3
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 223

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Ethnicity Khitan 契丹
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 49, passage 82
Khitan 契丹
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 59, passages 2, 52

Career and standing

administrator of tiyin affairs 知惕隱事
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 重熙二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1052
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 7
Director of the Department of State Affairs 尚書令
Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 19, passage 90
Director of the Imperial Secretariat 尚書令
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 6
grand marshal of all armies and horses under Heaven 天下兵馬大元帥
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 重熙二十一年 · Western Year: AD 1052
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 7
oversaw Central Secretariat affairs 總領中丞司事
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 重熙十一年 · Western Year: AD 1042
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 5
oversaw Southern and Northern Privy Council affairs 總北南院樞密使事
Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 6

Show 14 more source-backed claims

Sagely, Cultured, Spiritually Martial, All-Achieving, Great Strategy, Broad Wisdom, Perceptive, Benevolent, Sagely, Filial, Heavenly Blessing Emperor 聖文神武全功大略廣智聰仁睿孝天佑皇帝
AD 1065 咸雍元年正月辛酉朔 · Received
Directly stated · History of Liao 22, passage 56
Heavenly Blessing Emperor 天佑皇帝
Received
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 84
Prince of Yan and Zhao 燕趙國王
Advanced to
Directly stated · History of Liao 19, passage 90
Prince of Yan 燕國王
Advanced to
Directly stated · History of Liao 19, passage 60
Prince of Yan 燕國
Advanced · From Source Date: Text: 重熙十一年 · Western Year: AD 1042
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 5
Prince of Yan and Zhao 燕趙國王
Advanced · From Source Date: Text: 重熙十二年 · Western Year: AD 1043
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 6
Prince of Liang 梁王
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 4
Prince of Liang 梁王
Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 19, passage 60
Fell ill
Illness
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 154
Held
Emperor
Directly stated · History of Liao 56, passage 31; History of Liao 96, passage 191
partial amnesty for Supreme Capital prisoners 曲赦上京囚
AD 1086 大安二年十一月甲戌 · Granted partial amnesty
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 206
Acceded
At before the bier 柩前 · From Source Date: Text: 重熙二十四年秋八月己 · Western Year: AD 1055
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 9
Ascended
Directly stated · History of Liao 112, passage 129
AD 1055 道宗即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 72

Places and affiliations

Polity Liao 遼 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 16
Polity Id liao · Relation Active in
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 38
Polity Id liao · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passages 171, 181
Polity Id liao · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 1; History of Liao 23, passage 1; History of Liao 24, passage 1; History of Liao 25, passages 1-2; History of Liao 26, passage 162; History of Liao 27, passage 1; History of Liao 31, passage 25; History of Liao 32, passage 29; History of Liao 45, passage 314; History of Liao 49, passage 82; History of Liao 50, passage 15; History of Liao 54, passage 66; History of Liao 56, passage 31; History of Liao 57, passage 33; History of Liao 59, passage 52; History of Liao 60, passage 41; History of Liao 65, passage 223; History of Liao 86, passage 72; History of Liao 87, passage 76; History of Liao 89, passage 21; History of Liao 94, passage 49; History of Liao 96, passage 191; History of Liao 107, passage 38; History of Liao 110, passage 121; History of Liao 111, passage 72; History of Song 14, passage 227
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Liao 19, passage 60; History of Liao 22, passage 1; History of Liao 67, passage 137; History of Liao 77, passage 176; History of Liao 95, passage 61; History of Liao 96, passage 171; History of Liao 97, passage 42; History of Liao 99, passage 4; History of Liao 104, passage 11; History of Liao 114, passage 15
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 24, passage 174; History of Liao 91, passage 54; History of Liao 112, passage 18

Show 4 more source-backed claims

AD 1101 乾統元年十月辛亥
At Qing Mausoleum 慶陵 · Relation Buried at
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 18
AD 1055 to AD 1101 乃幸子河避暑
At Zi River 子河 · Relation Visited
Directly stated · History of Liao 32, passage 30
At Taihe Palace 太和宮 · Relation Eponym of
Directly stated · History of Liao 45, passage 314
At Youxian Hall 遊仙殿 · Relation Laid in state at
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 16

Works and attributed material

Imperially Composed Avatamsaka Sutra Eulogy 御製華嚴經贊
AD 1068 咸雍四年二月癸丑 · Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 22, passage 132
Collected Poems on Ruler and Minister Sharing One Will and Chinese and Barbarian Sharing One Custom 君臣同志華夷同風詩集
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 99
Five Eulogies on the Avatamsaka Sutra 華嚴經五頌
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 22
Rhapsody on Releasing the Hawk 放鷹賦
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 66
the Emperor's poems and rhapsodies 御製詩賦
Relation Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 149
Instructed on founding hardship
Instruction · Speaker · With Yelü Yanxi (延禧)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 201

Show 16 more source-backed claims

Ordered Qianshun to administer Xia
Edict · Issuer · With Li Qianshun (李乾順), Li Bingchang (李秉常)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 205
Ordered Yanxi to bond as friends
Edict · Issuer · With Yelü Yanxi (延禧), Yugunian (余古赧), Aide (愛的)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 190
Speech · Speaker · Addressed to Yang Ji (楊績)
Directly stated · History of Liao 97, passages 106-107
Petty men are ignorant; this is child's play.
AD 1067 咸雍三年六月 · Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · History of Liao 22, passage 110
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗之世詔
Edict · Issuer
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 43
Edict · Author · Mode quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passages 11-16, 45-49
Edict · Author · Mode named-source-report Speaker Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 56, passage 31
Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passages 57, 82, 117; History of Liao 62, passages 38-39, 41-45, 57-59
Edict · Issuer
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passages 16, 20, 61, 71, 81, 109, 128, 167-168, 172; History of Liao 25, passages 15, 47, 64, 72, 102, 156, 163, 206-207
Speech · Speaker · Mode quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passages 173, 176-177
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Yelu Lü (耶律履)
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 93
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Du Fang (杜防)
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passages 127-128
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 86, passage 160
Among the Khitan none is so loyal and upright as Jue; among the Han, only Liu Shen. Yet on close examination, Jue surpasses Shen.
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · History of Liao 91, passages 82-83
Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · History of Liao 110, passages 149-150
Testamentary edict · Author · With Yelü Yanxi (延禧)
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 163

Events and relationships

Accepted Haiyun aid banned coin export
AD 1095 to AD 1101 道宗末年 · Fiscal · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passages 47-48
Allowed Yixin to accompany Nu in exile
AD 1077 大康三年 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 107, passage 62
Bestowed ten palace households on Jue
Political · Patron · With Yelu Jue (耶律玦)
Directly stated · History of Liao 91, passage 81
Bestowed money on palace poor
AD 1086 二年七月甲子 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 195
Birthday and new year congratulations received
AD 1069 九月丁丑 · Diplomatic · Honoree · With Sun Gu (孫固)
Directly stated · History of Song 14, passage 227
Changed era to Qingning
AD 1055 清寧元年辛丑 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 21

Show 54 more source-backed claims

Changed era to Xianyong
AD 1065 咸雍元年 · Calendar · Sovereign
Directly stated · History of Liao 22, passage 57
Chose burial site
AD 1055 興宗崩 · Ritual · Organizer · With Emperor Xingzong of Liao (遼興宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 15
Commended Liu Hui and promoted him
Political · Ruler · With Liu Hui (劉輝)
Directly stated · History of Liao 104, passage 65
Five Eulogies on the Avatamsaka Sutra 華嚴經五頌
AD 1072 八年 · Ritual · Author · Composed
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 22
Consulted Wang Ding on governance
Political · Ruler · With Wang Ding (王鼎)
Directly stated · History of Liao 104, passage 11
Court travel or hunt
Travel · Principal
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 2, 4, 7-8, 14, 26, 28, 31, 54, 57, 64, 78, 80, 104, 106, 134, 145, 149, 155
Delegated bowing
AD 1055 to AD 1101 至道宗始命夷離畢拜之 · Ritual · Actor · Object New Year's Eve fire-spirit bowing by the Yelübi 命夷離畢拜之
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 49, passage 159
Disaster relief disbursements
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗之世 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 45
Displayed Taizu Taizong armor to Yanxi
AD 1086 大安二年九月己卯 · Ritual · Instructor · With Yelü Yanxi (延禧), Taizu (太祖), Taizong (太宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 201
Edict adopting millet measure and fixing pitch
AD 1075 to AD 1084 大康中 · Administrative · Issuer
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passage 66
Endangered by rebellion
AD 1063 灤河之變 · Political · Threatened ruler · At Luan River 灤河 · With Chongyuan (重元)
Directly stated · History of Liao 96, passage 191
Taihe Palace 太和宮
AD 1055 to AD 1101 太和宮 · Institutional · Founder · Established · Organization Asi orudo 阿思斡魯朵
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 142
Exiled ringleaders released others
AD 1067 咸雍三年六月 · Legal · Judge · With Yang Cong (楊從)
Directly stated · History of Liao 22, passage 111
Granted eagle knob seal
Bestowal · Grantor · With Yelü Renxian (耶律仁先)
Directly stated · History of Liao 57, passage 33
Halted at Nage Marsh
AD 1086 二年五月乙亥 · Travel · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 183
Halted at Shanyu Marsh
AD 1086 二年二月癸酉 · Travel · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 177
Hunted at Shaling
AD 1086 二年秋七月戊午 · Personal · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 194
Issued four reign coin types
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗之世 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 41
Killed empress and banished crown prince
Political · Authority
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 101
Ordered frontier farming to supply western army
Military · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 53
Ordered recording
Administrative · Authority · With Hai Li (孩裏)
Directly stated · History of Liao 97, passage 42
Ordered revision of regulations
Legal · Authority
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 47
Paid respects at Two Principles and Five Phoenix halls
AD 1086 二年九月丙子 · Ritual · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 200
Paid respects Taizong Muzong temples
AD 1064 十年九月壬寅 · Ritual · Visitor · At Huai Prefecture 懷州
Directly stated · History of Liao 22, passage 45
Performed rebirth ritual for Yanxi
AD 1086 大安二年十一月甲戌 · Ritual · Authority · With Yelü Yanxi (延禧)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 206
Permitted kin of officials to enter service
AD 1086 二年六月壬子 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 192
Praised Changge's essay
AD 1065 to AD 1074 咸雍間 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 107, passage 38
Promoted and rewarded officers
AD 1086 大安二年夏四月癸丑 · Military · Authority · With Xiao Eduwo (蕭訛都斡), Laogu (老古), Xiao Yage (蕭雅哥), Yelü Yannu (耶律燕奴)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 181
Punished and exiled Wang Ding
Legal · Authority · With Wang Ding (王鼎)
Directly stated · History of Liao 104, passage 15
Recalled and restored Wang Ding
Political · Ruler · With Wang Ding (王鼎)
Directly stated · History of Liao 104, passage 18
Received great investiture
AD 1058 清寧四年十一月庚辰 · Ritual · Recipient
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 129
Relieved capital poor with grain
AD 1086 二年九月壬申 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 199
Relieved four prefectures poor with grain
AD 1086 二年十一月癸未 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 208
Relieved Liao Prefecture poor with grain
AD 1086 二年七月乙酉 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 196
Restricted headcloth to meritorious descendants and officeholders
AD 1055 清寧元年 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 56, passage 31
Returned to Supreme Capital
AD 1086 二年九月庚午 · Travel · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 198
Rewarded herd officials
AD 1086 二年五月丁巳朔 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 182
Sent envoys to investigate prisons
AD 1086 二年六月癸卯 · Legal · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 188
Set topics
AD 1074 十年六月戊辰 · Examination · Examiner
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 56
Shot willow and worshipped
AD 1055 道宗清寧元年 · Ritual · Actor · Object Sese willow shooting then Wind Master altar 射柳訖，詣風師壇
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 49, passage 82
Spared fawn
AD 1076 大康二年八月庚寅 · Hunting · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 113
Stopped hunting because of snow
AD 1086 二年八月戊子 · Personal · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 197
Summoned Yixin's household home
AD 1095 to AD 1101 壽隆中 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 107, passage 66
Summoned scholars to lecture
Court · Summoner · With Zhao Xiaoyan (趙孝嚴), Wang Shiru (王師儒)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 176
Summoned Southern Court chancellor to discuss state affairs
AD 1086 二年九月辛巳 · Political · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 202
Took throne before bier
AD 1055 重熙二十四年秋八月己 · Ritual · Officiant
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 9
Traveled north
AD 1086 二年夏四月戊戌 · Travel · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 180
Traveled to Huntong River
AD 1086 二年春正月辛卯 · Travel · Actor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 174
Visited Xiao Chouwo's residence
Social · Visitor
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 72
Visited tombs and viewed golden lotus
AD 1055 to AD 1101 道宗每歲先幸黑山 · Ritual · Actor · With Emperor Shengzong of Liao (遼聖宗), Emperor Xingzong of Liao (遼興宗) · At Black Mountain 黑山
Directly stated · History of Liao 32, passage 29
Went to Yuer Marsh
AD 1087 三年春正月乙卯 · Travel · Principal · At Yuer Marsh 魚兒濼
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 2
Relation Predecessor of · Person Yelü Yanxi (延禧)
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 163
Relation Superior of · Person Ma Renwang (馬人望)
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 59, passage 56
Relation Superior of · Person Yelü Tanggu (耶律唐古)
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 53

Assessments and attributes

Assessment calm and stern · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 8
Assessment commended Yaoshinu's stern palace guard service · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 91, passage 67
Assessment dim and irresolute · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 111, passage 83
Assessment early-reign-praise-then-late-reign-blame · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passages 165-171
Assessment failed to see through Yixin's deceit · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 103
Assessment Jue most loyal and upright among Khitan; surpasses Liu Shen · Mode named-person-judgment Speaker Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 91, passages 82-83

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Attribute same person as Prince of Yan and Zhao in Liang service contexts 即燕趙國王
Directly stated · History of Liao 96, passage 72
calm and stern; Xingzong composed himself at audiences on his account
Character
Directly stated · History of Liao 21, passage 8
Item eagle-knob seal 鷹紐印 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · History of Liao 57, passage 33

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 240; History of Liao 50, passage 15; History of Liao 60, passage 41; History of Liao 65, passage 223

References in the histories

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History

191 passages

History of Liao, Chapter 19Volume 19 Annals 19: Xingzong 2 · 2 passages

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梁王洪基進封燕國王。 Prince of Liang Hongji was advanced to Prince of Yan.

辛，燕國王洪基加尚書令，知北南院樞密使事，進封燕趙國王。 On xin day Prince of Yan Hongji was additionally made Director of the Department of State Affairs, administering Northern and Southern Privy Commissioner affairs, and advanced to Prince of Yan and Zhao.

History of Liao, Chapter 21Volume 21 Annals 21: Daozong 1 · 11 passages

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道宗一 Daozong, Part One

道宗孝文皇帝，諱洪基，字涅鄰，小字查剌。 Emperor Xiaowen of Daozong, taboo name Hongji, courtesy name Nielin, childhood name Zala.

六歲封梁王。 At age six he was enfeoffed Prince of Liang.

帝性沈靜、嚴毅，每朝，興宗為之斂容。 The Emperor's nature was calm and stern; at each audience Xingzong would compose himself on his account.

九月戊午，詔常所幸圍場外毋禁。 On wuwu day of the ninth month an edict ordered that outside hunting grounds the Emperor often favored, there was to be no prohibition.

冬十月丁亥，有司請以帝生日為天安節，從之。 On dinghai day of the tenth winter month the relevant offices requested that the Emperor's birthday be made the Heavenly Peace Festival; the request was granted.

進封皇弟越王和魯斡為魯國王，許王阿璉為陳國王，楚王涅魯古徙封吳王。 The Emperor's younger brother Prince of Yue Heluwo was advanced to Prince of Lu; Prince of Xu Alian to Prince of Chen; Prince of Chu Nielugu was transferred to Prince of Wu.

己卯，御製《放鷹賦》賜群臣，諭任臣之意。 On jimao day the Emperor's composition 《Rhapsody on Releasing the Hawk》 was bestowed on the ministers, instructing them in employing ministers.

甲辰，文武百僚上尊號曰天佑皇帝，后曰懿德皇后。 On jiachen day civil and military officials presented the honorific title Heavenly Blessing Emperor; the Empress, Virtuous and Gracious Empress.

八月辛亥，帝以《君臣同志華夷同風詩集》進皇太后。 On xinhai day of the eighth month the Emperor presented the Grand Empress Dowager with 《Collected Poems on Ruler and Minister Sharing One Will and Chinese and Barbarian Sharing One Custom》.

夏五月戊子朔，監修國史耶律白請編次御製詩賦，仍命白為序。 On the wuzi new moon of the fifth summer month compiler of the national history Yelü Bai requested compilation of the Emperor's poems and rhapsodies and was ordered to write the preface.

History of Liao, Chapter 22Volume 22 Annals 22: Daozong 2 · 3 passages

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道宗二 Daozong, Part Two

咸雍元年春正月辛酉朔，文武百僚加上尊號曰聖文神武全功大略廣智聰仁睿孝天佑皇帝。 In the first year of Xianyong, on the xinyou new moon of the first spring month civil and military officials presented the honorific title Sagely, Cultured, Spiritually Martial, All-Achieving, Great Strategy, Broad Wisdom, Perceptive, Benevolent, Sagely, Filial, Heavenly Blessing Emperor.

上曰：「小人無知，此兒戲爾。」 The Emperor said: "Petty men are ignorant; this is child's play."

History of Liao, Chapter 23Volume 23 Annals 23: Daozong 3 · 6 passages

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道宗三 Daozong, Part Three

六月戊辰，親出題試進士。 On wuchen day of the sixth month the Emperor personally set topics to test jinshi.

夏六月乙酉朔，上大行皇太后尊謚曰仁懿皇后。 On the yiyou new moon of the sixth summer month the posthumous honorific for the late Empress Dowager was Empress Rende.

八月庚寅，獵，遇麛失其母，憫之，不射。 On gengyin day of the eighth month the court hunted; encountering a fawn that had lost its mother, the Emperor pitied it and did not shoot.

十一月甲戌，上欲觀《起居註》，修註郎不攧及忽突堇等不進，各杖二百，罷之。 On jiaxu day of the eleventh month the Emperor wished to view the 《Diary of Actions and Repose》; revising annotator Budian and Hutujin and others did not present it; each was beaten two hundred strokes and dismissed.

乙亥，北院樞密使耶律乙辛奏，右護衛太保查剌等告知北院樞密使事蕭速撒等八人謀立皇太子，上以無狀，不治，出速撒等三人補外，護衛撒撥等六人各鞭百餘，徙於邊。 On yihai day Northern Court privy commissioner Yelü Yixin memorialized that Right Defender of the Guard grand guardian Zhala and others reported that associate Northern Court privy commissioner Xiao Susa and eight others plotted to install the crown prince; the Emperor said it was groundless and did not punish; three including Susa were sent out to fill external posts; six including guard Sapo were each flogged more than a hundred strokes and exiled to the border.

History of Liao, Chapter 24Volume 24 Annals 24: Daozong 4 · 3 passages

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道宗四 Daozong, Part Four

丁亥，幸駙馬都尉蕭酬斡第，方飲，宰相梁穎諫曰：「天子不可飲人臣家。」 On dinghai day the court visited imperial son-in-law Xiao Chouwo's residence; while drinking, Chancellor Liang Ying admonished: "The Son of Heaven must not drink in a subject's house."

上即還宮。 The Emperor immediately returned to the palace.

History of Liao, Chapter 25Volume 25 Annals 25: Daozong 5 · 1 passage

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道宗五 Daozong, Part Five

History of Liao, Chapter 26Volume 26 Annals 26: Daozong 6 · 6 passages

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道宗六 Daozong, Part Six

帝不豫。 The emperor fell ill.

七年春正月壬戌朔，力疾禦清風殿受百官及諸國使賀。 In the seventh year, on the renxu new moon of the first spring month, though gravely ill the emperor received congratulations from officials and envoys of all states at Qingfeng Hall.

甲戌，上崩於行宮，年七十。 On jiaxu day the emperor died at the mobile palace, age seventy.

六月庚子，上尊謚仁聖大孝文皇帝，廟號道宗。 On gengzi day of the sixth month posthumous title Benevolent Sage Great Filial Literary Emperor; temple name Daozong.

贊曰：道宗初即位，求直言，訪治道，勸農興學，救災恤患，粲然可觀。 Appraisal: When Daozong first took the throne he sought frank speech, inquired about governance, encouraged agriculture and learning, relieved disasters and cared for the afflicted — splendid to behold.

History of Liao, Chapter 27Volume 27 Annals 27: Emperor Tianzuo 1 · 3 passages

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壽隆七年[1]正月甲戌，道宗崩，奉遺詔即皇帝位於柩前。 In the seventh year of Shoulong [1], on jiaxu day of the first month Daozong died; by testamentary edict Tianzuo assumed the throne before the coffin.

道宗之孫，父順宗大孝順聖皇帝，母貞順皇后蕭氏。 He was Daozong's grandson; his father was Emperor Shunzong, the Great Filial Shun-Sage Emperor; his mother was Empress Zhenshun of the Xiao clan.

辛亥，葬仁聖大孝文皇帝、宣懿皇后于慶陵。 On xinhai day the Benevolent Sage Great Filial Literary Emperor and Empress Xuanyi were buried at Qing Mausoleum.

History of Liao, Chapter 31Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1 · 2 passages

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穆宗曰延昌宮，景宗曰彰湣宮，承天太后曰崇德宮，聖宗曰興聖宮，興宗曰延慶宮，道宗曰太和宮，天祚曰永昌宮。 Muzong: Yanchang Palace; Jingzong: Zhangmin Palace; Empress Chengtian: Chongde Palace; Shengzong: Xingsheng Palace; Xingzong: Yanqing Palace; Daozong: Taihe Palace; Tianzuo: Yongchang Palace.

阿思斡魯朵，道宗置。 The Asi orudo, established by Daozong.

History of Liao, Chapter 32Volume 32 Treatises 2: Management of Guards 2 · 1 passage

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道宗每歲先幸黑山，拜聖宗、興宗陵，賞金蓮。 Each year Daozong first visited Black Mountain, paid respects at the tombs of Emperors Shengzong and Xingzong, and admired the golden lotus.

History of Liao, Chapter 43Volume 43 Treatises 13: Celestial Phenomena 2 · 1 passage

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道宗清寧十年，宋用《明天曆》； In Daozong's tenth Qingning year the Song used the 《Mingtian Calendar》;

History of Liao, Chapter 45Volume 45 Treatises 15: Official Posts 1 · 1 passage

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聖宗興聖宮興宗延慶宮道宗太和宮天祚永昌宮 Shengzong Xingsheng Palace, Xingzong Yanqing Palace, Daozong Taihe Palace, and Tianzuo Yongchang Palace

History of Liao, Chapter 49Volume 49 Treatises 19: Rites 1 · 2 passages

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道宗清寧元年，皇帝射柳訖，詣風師壇，再拜。 In Qingning 1 (1055), after the emperor finished shooting at the willow, he went to the Wind Master altar and bowed twice.

初，皇帝皆親拜，至道宗始命夷離畢拜之。 At first the emperor always bowed in person; only under Daozong was the Yelübi ordered to perform the bowing on his behalf.

History of Liao, Chapter 50Volume 50 Treatises 20: Rites 2 · 7 passages

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興宗崩，道宗親擇地以葬。 When Emperor Xingzong died, Emperor Daozong personally selected the ground for his burial.

道宗崩，菆塗於遊仙殿，有司奉喪服。 When Emperor Daozong died, the body was laid out in the Youxian Hall, and the responsible offices presented the mourning garments.

先帝小斂前一日，皇帝喪服上香，奠酒，哭臨。 On the day before the lesser dressing of the late emperor, the emperor in mourning robes burned incense, offered wine, and mourned at the bier.

是夕，皇帝入陵寢，授遺物於皇族、外戚及諸大臣，乃出。 That evening the emperor entered the tomb chamber, distributed the late emperor's possessions among the imperial clan, maternal kin, and great ministers, and then withdrew.

命以先帝寢幄，過於陵前神門之木。 He ordered the late emperor's sleeping tent to be carried past the spirit-gate tree before the tomb.

道宗崩，天祚皇帝問禮於耶律固。 When Emperor Daozong died, Emperor Tianzuo consulted Ye Lü Gu about the proper rites.

有司讀遺詔，慟哭。 The responsible offices read the late emperor's testament, and bitter wailing broke out.

History of Liao, Chapter 54Volume 54 Treatises 24: Music · 1 passage

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道宗大康中，詔行黍所定升斗，嘗定律矣。 In the Dakang era of Emperor Daozong, an edict ordered the adoption of the bushel and peck defined by the millet measure, and the pitch standard was once fixed accordingly.

History of Liao, Chapter 56Volume 56 Treatises 26: Ceremonial Guards 2 · 1 passage

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道宗清寧元年，詔非勛戚之後及夷離堇副使並承應有職事人，不帶巾。 In the first year of Qingning, Emperor Daozong decreed that only descendants of meritorious families, deputy yilijin, and attendants holding official posts might wear the headcloth.

History of Liao, Chapter 57Volume 57 Treatises 27: Ceremonial Guards 3 · 1 passage

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道宗賜耶律仁先鷹紐印，即此。 When Emperor Daozong granted Yelü Renxian a seal with an eagle knob, it was of this kind.

History of Liao, Chapter 59Volume 59 Treatises 29: Finance and Economics 1 · 1 passage

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道宗初年，西北雨穀三十里，春州斗粟六錢。 Early in the Daozong Emperor's reign, grain reportedly rained across thirty li in the northwest, and at Chunzhou a dou of grain sold for six cash.

History of Liao, Chapter 60Volume 60 Treatises 30: Finance and Economics 2 · 1 passage

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道宗之世，錢有四等：曰咸雍，曰大康，曰大安，曰壽隆，皆因改元易名。 Under Emperor Daozong four coin types were issued—Xianyong, Dakang, Da'an, and Shoulong—each renamed with a new reign era.

History of Liao, Chapter 62Volume 62 Treatises 32: Punishment and Law 2 · 2 passages

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道宗清寧元年，詔諸宮都部署曰：「凡有機密事，即可面奏； In the first year of Qingning, Daozong ordered the palace chief deployments: "Report confidential matters to Us in person;

道宗殺宣懿皇后，遷昭懷太子，太子尋被害。 Daozong killed Empress Xuanyi and banished Crown Prince Zhaohuai, who was soon murdered.

History of Liao, Chapter 65Volume 65 Tables 3: Princesses · 1 passage

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道宗三女： Daozong had three daughters:

History of Liao, Chapter 67Volume 67 Tables 5: Families of Imperial Consorts · 1 passage

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道宗宣懿皇后父惠 Hui, father of Empress Xuanyi, consort of Emperor Daozong

History of Liao, Chapter 72Volume 72 Biographies 2: Imperial Family: Yi Zongbei, the Foreign Emperor Zhang Su, Shun Zongjun, Jin Wangaoluwo · 3 passages

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順宗，名濬，小字耶魯斡，道宗長子，母宣懿皇后蕭氏。 Shunzong, whose personal name was Jun and childhood name Yeluwo, was Daozong's eldest son; his mother was Empress Xuanyi of the Xiao clan.

道宗嘗曰：「此子聰慧，殆天授歟！」 Daozong once said, "This boy is clever—perhaps Heaven itself bestowed it!"

論曰：道宗知太子之賢，而不能辨乙辛之詐，竟絕父子之親，為萬世惜。 Commentary: Daozong knew his son's worth yet could not see through Yixin's deceit, and in the end destroyed the bond between father and son—a loss the ages lament.

History of Liao, Chapter 77Volume 77 Biographies 7: Yelu Wuzhi, Yelu Hou, Yelu Antuan, Yelu Wa, Yelu Tuiyu, Yelu Talie · 1 passage

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後道宗詔上京立祠祭享，樹碑以紀其功雲。 Later Emperor Daozong ordered a shrine built at the Upper Capital for sacrificial offerings and a stele erected to commemorate his achievements.

History of Liao, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 16: Yelu Hezhu, Liu Jing, Liu Liufu, Ye Luniaolu, Niu Wenshu, Du Fang, Xiao Heshang, Yelu Helizhi, Yelu Pode · 3 passages

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道宗即位，將行大冊禮，北院樞密使蕭革曰：「行大禮備儀物，必擇廣地，莫若黃川。」 When Emperor Daozong came to the throne and prepared the great investiture rite, Northern Chancellery Military Affairs Commissioner Xiao Ge said, "A great ceremony requires ample space and full ritual equipment—no place is better than Huangchuan."

道宗諒陰，為大行皇帝山陵使。 During Emperor Daozong's mourning for his father, he served as commissioner for the late emperor's tomb.

道宗然之。 Emperor Daozong agreed.

History of Liao, Chapter 87Volume 87 Biographies 17: · 1 passage

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帝親制誥詞以褒寵之。 The emperor personally drafted an edict to praise and honor him.

History of Liao, Chapter 89Volume 89 Biographies 19: Yelu Shucheng, Yang Ji, Yelu Hanliu, Yang Ji, Yelu Heshang · 3 passages

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帝知其誣，詔復本族，仍遷所奪官，卒。 The emperor knew he had been wronged, ordered his clan status restored, reinstated the offices that had been stripped from him, and shortly afterward he died.

帝以舊制不可遽厘，不聽。 The emperor held that the old system could not be abruptly changed and did not assent.

楊皙為上寵遇，叠封王爵，而功業不少概見。 Yang Xi enjoyed the emperor's favor and received repeated enfeoffments as prince, yet his substantive achievements are scarcely to be seen.

History of Liao, Chapter 91Volume 91 Biographies 21: Yelu Hanba, Yelu Tanggu, Xiao Paizhe, Yelu Jue, Yelu Pulidu · 4 passages

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後族弟胡睹到部發其事，帝怒，決以大杖，免官。 Later his clansman cousin Hudu came to the post and exposed the matter; the emperor was enraged, sentenced him to the great staff, and removed him from office.

上嘉其宿衛嚴肅，遷右夷離畢。 The emperor commended his stern palace guard service and promoted him to Right Yilibi.

夏王李乾順為宋所攻，求解，帝命藥師奴持節使宋，請罷兵通好，宋從之。 When the Xia king Li Qianshun was attacked by Song and sought relief, the emperor ordered Yaoshinu to go as envoy to Song bearing credentials, asking that hostilities cease and friendly relations be restored; Song agreed.

玦不喜貨殖，帝知其貧，賜宮戶十。 Jue did not care for profit-seeking; the emperor knew he was poor and bestowed ten palace households on him.

History of Liao, Chapter 94Volume 94 Biographies 24: Yelu Huage, Yelu Wola, Yelu Susa, Xiao Aludai, Yelu Naye, Yelu Helusaogu, Yelu Shiliang · 1 passage

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道宗崩，與宰相耶律儼總山陵事。 When Emperor Daozong died, he and the chancellor Yelu Yi jointly directed the imperial tomb works.

History of Liao, Chapter 95Volume 95 Biographies 25: Yelu Honggu, Yelu Maliu, Xiao Dilie, Yelu Shilu, Yelu Chenjianu, Yelu Teme, Yelu Xiantong, Xiao Susa, Yelu Dabeinu · 5 passages

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適帝與燕國王射鹿俱中，王時年九歲，帝悅，陳家奴應制進詩。 Once when the emperor and the Prince of Yan both struck the deer in a hunt — the prince was only nine — the emperor was delighted, and Chenjianu composed a poem on imperial command.

帝喜，解衣以賜。 The emperor was pleased and removed his own garment to bestow on him.

後皇太子廢，帝疑陳家奴黨附，罷之。 Later, when the crown prince was deposed, the emperor suspected Chenjianu of siding with the deposed heir and dismissed him from office.

道宗崩，為山陵使，致仕。 When Emperor Daozong died, he served as commissioner for the imperial mausoleum and then retired from office.

帝嘉其功，徙北院林牙，改南院副部署，卒。 The emperor commended his achievement, transferred him to Northern Chancellor Linya, then reassigned him as Vice Deployment Commissioner of the Southern Court, after which he died.

History of Liao, Chapter 96Volume 96 Biographies 26: Yelu Renxian, Yelu Liang, Xiao Hanjianu, Xiao De, Xiao Weixin, Xiao Leyinnu, Yelu Dilie, Yao Jingxing, Yelu Asi · 34 passages

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九年七月，上獵太子山，耶律良奏重元謀逆，帝召仁先語之。 In the seventh month of the ninth year, while the emperor was hunting at Mount Taizi, Yelu Liang reported that Chongyuan was plotting rebellion. The emperor summoned Renxian and told him of it.

帝趣仁先捕之。 The emperor urged Renxian to arrest them at once.

帝欲幸北、南院，仁先曰：「陛下若舍扈從而行，賊必躡其後； The emperor wished to go to the Northern and Southern courts. Renxian said, "If Your Majesty leaves your escort and goes alone, the rebels will surely follow close behind;

帝悟，悉委仁先以討賊事。 The emperor understood and entrusted the entire campaign against the rebels to Renxian.

帝執仁先手曰：「平亂皆卿之功也。」 The emperor took Renxian by the hand and said, "The pacification of this rebellion is entirely your achievement."

上諭曰：「卿去朝廷遠，每俟奏行，恐失機會，可便宜從事。」 The emperor instructed him, saying, "You are far from court. If you wait for memorials and orders on every matter, you may miss your chance. You may act at discretion."

重熙中，補寢殿小底，尋為燕趙國王近侍。 During the Chongxi reign he was appointed junior attendant of the sleeping hall and soon became a close attendant of the Prince of Yan and Zhao.

清寧中，上幸鴨子河，作《捕魚賦》。 During the Qingning reign, when the emperor visited Duck River, Liang composed his 《Rhapsody on Fishing》.

上命良詩為《慶會集》，親制其序。 the emperor ordered that Liang's poems form the 《Celebratory Assembly Collection》 and personally composed its preface.

良聞重元與子涅魯古謀亂，以帝篤於親愛，不敢遽奏，密言於皇太后。 Liang heard that Chongyuan and his son Nielugu were plotting rebellion. Because the emperor was deeply devoted to his kin, he did not dare report it at once and spoke secretly to the Empress Dowager.

太皇托疾，召帝白其事。 The Grand Empress Dowager feigned illness and summoned the emperor to tell him of the plot.

帝謂良曰：「汝欲間我骨肉耶？」 The emperor said to Liang, "Do you wish to set my own flesh and blood against one another?"

帝從其言。 The emperor followed his advice.

帝始信。 Only then did the emperor believe.

未幾卒，帝嗟悼，遣重臣賻祭，給葬具，追封遼西郡王，謚曰忠成。 Before long he died. The emperor sighed in grief, sent high ministers with funeral gifts and libations, provided burial goods, and posthumously enfeoffed him as Prince of Liaoxi with the posthumous title Zhongcheng.

九年，上獵太子山，聞重元亂，馳詣行在。 In the ninth year, when the emperor was hunting at Mount Taizi and heard of Chongyuan's rebellion, he galloped to the traveling palace.

帝倉卒欲避於北、南大王院，與耶律仁先執轡固諫，乃止。 The emperor, taken by surprise, wished to flee to the courts of the Northern and Southern Great Kings. Together with Yelu Renxian, Hanjianu seized the reins and remonstrated firmly, and the emperor abandoned the plan.

皇太子為乙辛誣構，幽於上京。 The crown prince was framed by Yelu Yixin and imprisoned at the Supreme Capital.

韓家奴上書力言其冤，不報。 Hanjianu memorialized forcefully declaring the prince's innocence, but received no response.

上以德為先朝眷遇，拜南府宰相。 Because the emperor regarded De as one favored by the previous reign, he was appointed Chancellor of the Southern Office.

歸奏，稱旨。 On his return he reported, and the emperor was pleased.

十五年，徙燕趙國王傅，帝諭之曰：「燕趙左右多面諛，不聞忠言，浸以成性。 In the fifteenth year he was transferred as Tutor to the Prince of Yan and Zhao. The emperor instructed him, saying, "Those about the prince are mostly flatterers to his face. They do not hear loyal words, and this has gradually become their nature.

有疾，上命乘傳赴闕，遣太醫視之。 When he fell ill, the emperor ordered him to travel by relay post to court and sent the imperial physician to attend him.

遷上京留守。 He was transferred to Garrison Commander of the Supreme Capital.

重熙五年，擢進士乙科，為將作監，改燕趙國王教授。 In the fifth year of the Chongxi reign he was selected in the second rank of the jinshi examination, became Director of Palace Construction, and was transferred to Instructor to the Prince of Yan and Zhao.

道宗即位，多被顧問，為北府宰相。 When Emperor Daozong ascended the throne, he was often consulted and became Chancellor of the Northern Office.

帝嘉其忠，賜以逆人財產。 The emperor praised his loyalty and granted him the property of the rebels.

上從容問治道，引入內殿，出御書及太子書示之，賜什器車仗。 The emperor at leisure asked him about the way of governance, brought him into the inner hall, produced imperial writings and the crown prince's writings to show him, and granted household goods, carriages, and equipment.

帝有意伐宋，召景行問曰：「宋人好生邊事，如何？」 The emperor intended to attack Song and summoned Jingxing to ask, "The Song are fond of provoking border affairs — what do you advise?"

上然其言而止。 The emperor approved his words and abandoned the plan.

上問古今儒士優劣，占對稱旨，知興中府，改朔方軍節度使。 The emperor asked about the relative merits of Confucian scholars ancient and modern. His reply pleased the emperor, and he was made Administrator of Xingzhong Prefecture, then transferred to Military Commissioner of the Shuofang Army.

以上京多滯獄，命為留守，不數月，以獄空聞。 Because the Supreme Capital had many cases held in detention, he was appointed Garrison Commander. Within a few months it was reported that the prisons were empty.

道宗崩，受顧命，加於越。 When Emperor Daozong died he received the dying edict and was given the title yuyue.

論曰：灤河之變，重元擁兵行幄，微仁先等，道宗其危乎！ The commentators say: At the Luan River crisis, Chongyuan held troops against the traveling encampment. But for Renxian and the others, would not Emperor Daozong have been in peril!

History of Liao, Chapter 97Volume 97 Biographies 27: Yelu Wotela, Hai Li, Dou Jingyong, Yelu Yinji, Yang Ji, Zhao Hui, Wang Guan, Yelu Xisun · 8 passages

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帝賜詩褒之，遷知北院樞密使事，賜翼聖佐義功臣。 The emperor composed a poem in his praise, promoted him to Acting Commissioner of the Northern Administration, and granted him the merit title Worthy Assistant in Supporting the Sage.

清寧初，從上獵，墮馬，憒而復蘇。 At the beginning of Qingning, while accompanying the emperor on a hunt, he fell from his horse, lost consciousness, and then revived.

道宗聞之，命書其事。 Emperor Daozong heard of it and ordered the affair recorded in writing.

帝乃止。 The emperor thereupon stopped the matter.

九年，聞重元亂，與姚景行勤王，上嘉之。 In the ninth year, on hearing of Chongyuan's rebellion, he marched with Yao Jingxing to aid the throne, and the emperor commended him.

帝以績舊臣，特詔燕見，論古今治亂，人臣邪正。 Because Ji was an old minister, the emperor specially summoned him to a private audience to discuss the order and disorder of ancient and modern times and the wickedness and rectitude of ministers.

帝曰：「方今群臣忠直，耶律玦、劉伸而已； The emperor said, "Among the ministers today who are loyal and upright, only Yelu Jue and Liu Shen remain;

清寧二年，銅州人妄毀三教，徽按鞫之，以狀聞，稱旨。 In the second year of Qingning a man of Tong Prefecture wantonly slandered the Three Teachings; Hui investigated and interrogated the case, reported it in a memorial, and pleased the emperor.

History of Liao, Chapter 98Volume 98 Biographies 28: Xiao Wuna, Yelu Yan, Liu Shen, Yelu Hulu · 2 passages

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道宗嘗謂大臣曰：「今之忠直，耶律玦、劉伸而已！」 Daozong once told his ministers: "Today only Yelu Jue and Liu Shen are truly loyal and upright!"

論曰：兀納當道宗昏惑之會，擁佑皇孫，使乙辛奸計不獲復逞，而遼祚以續，比之屋質立穆宗，非溢美也。 The historians comment: At a moment when Daozong had lost his judgment, Wuna protected the imperial grandson and blocked Yixin's treachery from running its course, thereby preserving the Liao succession. To compare him with Yelu Wuzhi's elevation of Muzong is no flattery.

History of Liao, Chapter 99Volume 99 Biographies 29: Xiao Yanshou, Yelu Sala, Xiao Susa, Yelu Tabuye, Xiao Tabuye, Xiao Hugu, Yelu Shiliu · 8 passages

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道宗即位，皇太后屢稱其賢，由是進用。 After Emperor Daozong acceded, the Empress Dowager repeatedly praised his merit, and he was promoted on that account.

會乙辛生日，上遣近臣耶律白斯本賜物為壽，乙辛因私屬白上：「臣見奸人在朝，陛下孤危。 On Yixin's birthday the emperor sent the courtier Yelu Baisiben with gifts; Yixin asked him privately to tell the throne, "I see villains at court and Your Majesty isolated in danger.

撒剌獨奏曰：「蕭巖壽言乙辛有罪，不可為樞臣，故陛下出之； Sala alone memorialized, "Xiao Yanshou showed Yixin guilty of crimes unfit for a bureau chief, and Your Majesty sent him away;

蔽先帝之明，誣陷順聖，構害忠讜，敗國罔上，自古所無。 He blinded the late emperor, falsely condemned Emperor Shunsheng, destroyed loyal remonstrators, and ruined the state while deceiving his sovereign—crimes without precedent.

乙辛在先帝朝，權寵無比。 Under the late emperor Yixin's power and favor were unrivaled.

先帝若以順考為實，則乙辛為功臣，陛下豈得立耶？ If the late emperor had believed the accusations against your late father, Yixin would count as a meritorious minister—how then could Your Majesty have ascended the throne?

先帝黜逐嬖後，詔陛下在左右，是亦悔前非也。 The late emperor dismissed his favorite consort and kept Your Majesty at his side—itself a sign he regretted his earlier error.

使道宗能從巖壽、撒剌之諫，後何得而誣，太子何得而廢哉？ Had Emperor Daozong heeded Yanshou and Sala, how could those frame-ups have followed, or the crown prince been deposed?

History of Liao, Chapter 104Volume 104 Biographies 34: Literature 2 · 6 passages

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上書言治道十事，帝以鼎達政體，事多咨訪。 He memorialized the throne on ten points of governance. The emperor judged Ding thoroughly versed in statecraft and often sought his counsel.