Emperor Tianzuo of Liao (遼天祚帝)

Overview

Emperor Tianzuo of Liao was a Liao Emperor.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Yanxi	延禧	Yánxǐ
Courtesy name	Yanning	延甯	Yánníng
Childhood name	Aguo	阿果	Āguǒ
Posthumous name	Emperor Tianzuo	天祚皇帝	Tiānzuò huángdì

Life and dates

Birth

AD 1075 大康元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 241
AD 1075 大康元年閏月庚戌
Directly stated · History of Liao 23, passage 75

Death

Cause illness 疾 · Age Value: 54 · Reckoning: Sui
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 17

Age

6
AD 1080 六歲
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 242
54
Reckoning Sui · At Event death
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 17

Attested activity

AD 1114 冬十月壬寅朔
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 27, passages 227, 231
AD 1075 大康元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 241
AD 1075 大康元年閏月庚戌
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 23, passage 75
AD 1101 乾統元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 62, passage 71; History of Liao 65, passages 249, 255
AD 1101 乾統元年二月
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 3
AD 1101 乾統初
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 72, passage 102; History of Liao 97, passage 18

Show 70 more source-backed claims

AD 1101 天祚即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 99, passage 81
AD 1086 二年九月己卯
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 201
AD 1086 二年六月乙巳
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 190
AD 1086 二年十一月甲戌
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 206
AD 1102 乾統二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 62, passage 72
AD 1122 保大二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 102, passages 23, 26, 35
AD 1112 天慶二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 102, passages 5, 7, 9
AD 1103 乾統三年十一月
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 63
AD 1114 四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 102, passages 13-14
AD 1105 乾統五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 86, passages 104, 110
AD 1125 五年春正月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 30, passage 3
AD 1106 天祚皇帝乾統六年
Directly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 19
AD 1091 大安七年
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 244
AD 1101 to AD 1110 乾統初
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 95, passages 94-95
AD 1101 to AD 1110 天祚初年
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 59
AD 1101 天祚嗣位
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 111, passage 52
AD 1079 AD 1079-1116
Directly stated · History of Liao 98, passages 11, 43
AD 1117 七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 28, passages 89, 98
AD 1091 七年十月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 116
AD 1077 to AD 1081 乙辛之難
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 65, passage 251
AD 1083 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 126
AD 1119 九年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 28, passages 138, 151
AD 1093 九年十月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 159
AD 1125 二月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 30, passage 14
AD 1115 五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 28, passage 1
AD 1145 五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 30, passage 19
AD 1089 五年十一月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 87
AD 1125 享國二百一十九載
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 117, passages 18, 24
AD 1101 to AD 1125 以訖天祚
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 60, passage 29
AD 1122 保大二年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 100, passages 16, 24, 28; History of Liao 114, passage 71
AD 1122 保大二年前後
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 101, passages 58, 62
AD 1121 保大元年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 72, passage 190; History of Liao 105, passages 43, 49
AD 1082 八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 98
AD 1118 八年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 28, passage 108
AD 1080 六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passages 30, 38
AD 1116 六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 28, passages 55, 68
AD 1084 十年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 24, passage 139
AD 1120 十年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 28, passage 156
AD 1088 四年五月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 45
AD 1088 四年六月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 25, passage 51
AD 1101 壽隆七年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 163
AD 1101 壽隆七年正月
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 1
AD 1097 壽隆三年三月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 55
AD 1100 壽隆六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passage 151
AD 1098 壽隆四年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 26, passages 91, 94
AD 1111 to AD 1120 天慶中
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 95, passage 96
AD 1111 to AD 1120 天慶中
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 107, passages 88, 90
AD 1112 天慶二年
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passages 164, 170; History of Liao 54, passage 23
AD 1115 天慶五年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 100, passage 59
AD 1111 天慶元年
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passage 74
AD 1116 天慶六年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 101, passages 48, 50
AD 1114 天慶四年
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passages 214, 218; History of Liao 101, passage 18
AD 1111 to AD 1120 天慶間
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 59, passages 61-62
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passages 25, 151, 174
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 65, passage 235
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚之世
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 60, passage 49
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚之亂
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 60, passage 13
AD 1122 天祚保大二年
Directly stated · History of Liao 57, passage 13
AD 1101 天祚即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 105, passage 34
AD 1123 to AD 1125 天祚播遷
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 62
AD 1110 to AD 1125 天祚未年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 62, passage 91
AD 1115 to AD 1125 天祚末年
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 60, passage 64
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚永昌宮
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 45, passage 314
AD 1101 天祚立
Directly stated · History of Liao 82, passage 120
AD 1122 天祚走天德
Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 78, passage 13
AD 1122 to AD 1125 為金人所獲
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 65, passages 260, 276
AD 1114 秋七月
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 27, passages 219, 225
AD 1101 道宗崩
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 16-17, 101
AD 1116 to AD 1125 遼天祚帝
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 68, passage 101
AD 1141 金皇統元年二月
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 18

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Descendant of Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
grandson 孫 · paternal line · 2 generations
imperial grandson 皇孫 · 2 generations
imperial grandson 皇孫 · paternal line · 2 generations
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 27, passage 240; History of Liao 23, passage 75; History of Liao 98, passages 11, 14, 112
Ancestor of Imperial Grandson (皇孫)
imperial grandson 皇孫 · 2 generations
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 100, passage 43
Spouse of Consort Wen (文妃)
Consort Wen 文妃 · Secondary marriage
Literary Consort 文妃 · Secondary marriage
Consort Wen 文妃 · Concubinage
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 65, passage 256; History of Liao 102, passage 81; History of Liao 72, passage 182; History of Liao 62, passage 92
Spouse of Consort Yuan (元妃)
Consort Yuan 元妃 · Secondary marriage
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 65, passage 264
Spouse of Consort (妃)
consort 妃
consort 妃 · Secondary marriage
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 26, passages 55, 57; History of Liao 25, passage 87
Parent of Guyü (骨欲)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 276
Parent of Da'aoye (大奧野)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 276
Parent of Woliyan (斡里衍)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 276
Parent of Ci'aoye (次奧野)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 276
Parent of Yuliyan (余里衍)
daughter 女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 255-257
Child of Yelü Jun (浚)
father 父
elder brother 兄
late father 順考
one son 一子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 27, passage 240; History of Liao 62, passage 102; History of Liao 65, passage 251; History of Liao 99, passages 95, 97; History of Liao 72, passage 102
Sibling of Yanshou (延壽)
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 251
Parent of Eldest daughter of Tianzuo (天祚長女)
eldest daughter 長女
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 276
Parent of Aoluwo (敖盧斡)
imperial son 皇子
eldest son 長子
son 子
Sources vary in certainty · History of Liao 82, passage 120; History of Liao 72, passage 182; History of Liao 27, passage 113; History of Liao 62, passages 92, 102
Spouse of Empress (皇后)
empress 皇后 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 50, passage 34
Spouse of Empress Xiao (皇后)
empress 皇后 · Ended
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 100, passage 43
Child of Crown Prince (皇太子)
father 父
Directly stated · History of Liao 105, passage 95
Child of Father of Yanxi
father 父
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 24, passage 30
Kin of Lady Xiao (蕭氏)
Grand Imperial Consort 太皇太妃
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 28, passage 87
Kin of Yelü Heluwo (耶律和魯斡)
imperial grand uncle 皇太叔
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 63
Child of Yelü Jun (耶律浚)
imperial grandson 皇孫
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 23, passage 75
Parent of Aoluwo (敖魯斡)
imperial son 皇子
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 174
Child of Empress Zhenshun (貞順皇后)
mother 母
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 240
Spouse of Primary Consort of Emperor Tianzuo (天祚元妃)
Primary Consort 元妃 · Primary marriage
Directly stated · History of Liao 102, passages 2, 82
Spouse of Primary Consort (元妃)
Primary Consort 元妃 · Primary marriage
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 62, passage 93
Parent of Yelü Yali (耶律雅里)
second son 第二子
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 34
Parent of Son of Yanxi (Da'an 5) (延禧之子)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 87
Parent of Talu (撻魯)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 55
Parent of Son of Yanxi (Da'an 9) (延禧之子)
son 子
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 159
Kin of Yelü Dashi (耶律大石)
Yelü Dashi prolonging the imperial line 大石 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 117, passage 24

Kinship Role daughters · Count 2 · born to palace women
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 272
Kinship Role daughters · Count 3 · born to Consort Yuan
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 264
Kinship Role daughters-captured-by-jin · Count 5 · Guyü, Yuliyan, Woliyan, Da'aoye, Ci'aoye per Jin History · Mode named-source-report Source Work Jin History, biography of Zongwang 金史七四宗望傳
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 276
Kinship Role daughters · Count 6
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 255
Kinship Role sons · 諸子 · Quantity plural
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 92

Key source chapters

Origins and identity

Khitan 契丹
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 59, passages 2, 62

Career and standing

supreme commander of all armies and horses under Heaven 天下兵馬大元帥
AD 1091 大安七年 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 244
grand marshal of all armies and horses under Heaven 天下兵馬大元帥
AD 1091 七年冬十月辛巳 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 116
head of Northern and Southern Privy Council affairs 總北南院樞密使事
AD 1091 七年冬十月辛巳 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 116
administrator of Central Secretariat affairs 知中丞司事
AD 1088 四年六月丁亥 · Appointed
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 51
Prince of Yan 燕國王
AD 1083 後三年 · Advanced
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 243
Prince of Liang 梁王
AD 1080 六歲 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 242

Show 18 more source-backed claims

Emperor Tianzuo 天祚皇帝
AD 1101 壽隆七年 · Offered
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 2
Prince of Yan 燕國王
AD 1083 九年十一月 · Advanced to
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 126
Prince of Liang 梁王
AD 1080 六年三月 · Enfeoffed
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 30
Emperor Tianzuo 天祚皇帝
Held
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 28, passages 1, 29
Prince of Yu 豫王
AD 1141 金皇統元年二月 · Posthumously changed
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 18
Driven into
Exile
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 62
Prince of the Sea Shore 海濱王
AD 1125 八月…丙午 · Demoted enfeoffed · Entered
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passages 15-16
deepest mourning of unhemmed sackcloth 斬衰
Mourning · Entered
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 17
Emperor 皇帝
Emperor · Held
Directly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 19
mourning dress 喪服
Mourning · Wore
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 23, 102
banished Delidi and Mosai 逐得裏底與其子麼撒
AD 1122 保大二年 · Banished · With Xiao Delidi (蕭得裏底)
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 31
executed Paizhe 殺之
Executed · With Yelü Shuze (耶律術者)
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 93
sweeping pardon of routed eastern expedition troops 肆赦
AD 1114 冬十月壬寅朔 · Granted
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passages 230-231
three hundred strokes 鞭之三百
Corporal punishment · Ordered flogging · With Yelu Axibao (耶律阿息保)
Directly stated · History of Liao 101, passage 50
Succeeded
Directly stated · History of Liao 111, passage 52
AD 1101 壽隆七年
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 163
AD 1101 壽隆七年正月甲戌
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 1
AD 1101 天祚即位
Directly stated · History of Liao 105, passage 34

Places and affiliations

Polity Id liao · Relation Ruled · From Source Date: Text: 在位二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1101 · Until Source Date: Text: 五年 · Western Year: AD 1125
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passages 1, 17
Polity Liao
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 68, passage 101
Polity Liao 遼 · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Liao 43, passage 19
Polity Id liao · Relation Active in
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 71
Polity Id liao · Relation Associated with
Strongly inferred · History of Jin 78, passage 13
Polity Id liao · Relation Associated with
Directly stated · History of Liao 26, passage 55; History of Liao 72, passage 102

Show 9 more source-backed claims

Polity Id liao · Relation Ruled
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passages 1-2, 225; History of Liao 28, passages 1, 29; History of Liao 31, passage 25; History of Liao 45, passage 314; History of Liao 50, passage 17; History of Liao 54, passage 23; History of Liao 57, passage 13; History of Liao 59, passage 62; History of Liao 60, passage 13; History of Liao 65, passage 235; History of Liao 86, passage 104; History of Liao 100, passage 16; History of Liao 101, passage 18; History of Liao 107, passage 90; History of Liao 111, passage 52; History of Liao 117, passages 9, 24
Polity Id liao · Relation Ruled
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 65, passage 255
Polity Id liao · Relation Served
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 190; History of Liao 95, passage 95; History of Liao 97, passage 18; History of Liao 99, passage 81; History of Liao 102, passage 5; History of Liao 105, passage 34; History of Liao 114, passage 71
AD 1145 五年
At beside Qian Mausoleum, Lüyang County, Guangning Prefecture 廣甯府閭陽縣乾陵傍 · Relation Buried at
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 19
At Changfu Hill 長福岡 · Relation Present at
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 30
At Huntong River 混同江 · Relation Visited
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passage 23
At Qing Prefecture 慶州 · Relation Sojourned at
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 225
At Xiao Huaizhong's household 蕭懷忠家 · Relation Resided at
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 251
At Yongchang Palace 永昌宮 · Relation Eponym of
Directly stated · History of Liao 45, passage 314

Learning and skills

Skill pipa 琵琶 · Level performed
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 181

Works and attributed material

Followed Xiao Fengxian's memorial and granted sweeping pardon; Sixian only dismissed
Decision · Authority · With Xiao Fengxian (蕭奉先) · Mode narrative
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passages 230-231
AD 1122 保大二年
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Xiao Delidi (蕭得裏底)
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 25
Edict · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 63
Edict · Author
Directly stated · History of Liao 28, passages 1, 31, 103; History of Liao 105, passage 116
Inquiry · Speaker · With Yelü Gu (耶律固) · Paraphrased
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 17, 101
Letter · Author · With Yelü Chun (耶律淳)
Directly stated · History of Liao 28, passages 38, 42

Show 5 more source-backed claims

Speech · Speaker · With Xiao Fengxian (蕭奉先) · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passages 25-26
Speech · Speaker · With Xiao Fengxian (蕭奉先)
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passages 170-171; History of Liao 102, passages 9, 30-32
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Yelü Shuze (耶律術者)
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 89
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Emperor of the Southern Court (南朝皇帝)
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 115
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · History of Liao 105, passage 117

Events and relationships

Appointed Zhong Five Tribes superintendent
AD 1111 to AD 1120 天慶中 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 107, passage 90
Birthday longevity ceremony
AD 1111 天慶元年 · Ritual · Honoree
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passage 74
Brought ruin on self
AD 1125 天祚自絕 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 117, passage 24
Campaigned against
Military · Commander · With Yelü Zhangjianu (耶律張家奴)
Directly stated · History of Liao 28, passages 68-69
Captured by Jin
Military · Captive
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 242
Cast Qiantong Tianqing coin
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚之世 · Administrative · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 49

Show 48 more source-backed claims

Daughters captured by jin
Military · Father of captives
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passages 268, 272, 276
Defeated by Jurchen
Military · Defeated
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 61
Defeated
Military · Commander · At Hubudada 護步答岡
Directly stated · History of Liao 28, passage 51
Dispatched Gao Xianshou with Bohai troops in relief
Military · Authority · With Gao Xianshou (高仙壽)
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 225
Driven into exile
Political · Deposed ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 62
Driven into flight
AD 1122 保大二年 · Flight · Fugitive
Directly stated · History of Liao 114, passage 71
Yongchang Palace 永昌宮
AD 1101 to AD 1125 永昌宮 · Institutional · Founder · Established · Organization Aluwan orudo 阿魯碗斡魯朵
Directly stated · History of Liao 31, passage 151
Executed
Execution · Authority · With Yelu Axibao (耶律阿息保)
Directly stated · History of Liao 101, passage 62
Fled to Jia Mountain
AD 1122 保大二年 · Travel · Principal · At Jia Mountain 夾山
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 102, passages 42, 96
Fled west to Tiande as Liao authority collapsed
Political
Directly stated · History of Jin 78, passages 13, 54
Fled west with palace guards when Jin crossed passes
AD 1122 保大二年 · Flight · Fugitive
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 28
Fled from Jin
AD 1125 五年 · Military · Fugitive · At Tiande 天德
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passages 4-5
Fled; met Tanggu at Daotao Ridge
AD 1122 保大二年 · Flight · Fugitive
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 16
Fled
Flight · Fugitive
Directly stated · History of Liao 114, passage 86
Gathered troops
Military · Commander · At Shanxi 山西
Directly stated · History of Liao 114, passage 82
Guarded by six zhala
Military · Protected person
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 38
He followed Wolugu against Hao and Yizhou, routed seven hundred men with barely a dozen riders, and pressed the attack on the Liao emperor himself.
Biographical record · Source Text 從斡魯古攻豪、懿州，以十餘騎破敵七百，進襲遼主。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 101
Head Fish Banquet
AD 1112 天慶二年 · Ritual · Host · At Hun Tong River 混同江
Dated from the passage context · History of Liao 102, passages 5, 7
Lost transmission seal
AD 1122 天祚保大二年 · Loss · Loser · At Sanggan River 桑乾河
Directly stated · History of Liao 57, passage 13
Ordered to copy Five Sons Songs
AD 1088 四年五月辛亥 · Scholarly · Copyist
Directly stated · History of Liao 25, passage 45
Ordered chieftains to sing and dance
AD 1112 天慶二年 · Diplomatic · Host · At Huntong River 混同江
Directly stated · History of Liao 54, passage 23
Ordered strangling
Legal · Authority · With Aoluwo (敖盧斡)
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 192
Performed funeral rites
AD 1101 道宗崩 · Ritual · Mourner · With Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 17, 23, 30-31, 34, 101
Personal campaign against Jurchen
AD 1115 天慶五年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Liao 100, passage 59
Personally campaigned
Military · Commander
Directly stated · History of Liao 28, passages 29, 51
Private tour
AD 1105 乾統五年二月 · Ritual · Traveler · At among the people 視民疾苦
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 86
Rebirth ritual performed
AD 1086 大安二年十一月甲戌 · Ritual · Honoree
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 206
Recalled to palace
Political · Subject · With Emperor Wen (文帝)
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 251
Received Song condolence envoys
AD 1101 道宗崩 · Diplomatic · Host · With Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗) · At hall north of Youxian Hall 遊仙之北別殿
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 102-103, 106, 108
Rehabilitated dakang victims
Legal · Authority
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 71
Reign disorder fiscal collapse
AD 1101 to AD 1125 天祚之亂 · Political · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passage 13
Revived cruel punishments
Legal · Authority
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 79
Shown founding armor and instructed
AD 1086 大安二年九月己卯 · Ritual · Recipient · With Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗), Taizu (太祖), Taizong (太宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 201
Suffered persecution
Political · Victim · With Yelü Yixin (耶律乙辛)
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 251
Summoned ministers
Council · Convener · With Xiao Taosuwan (蕭陶蘇斡)
Directly stated · History of Liao 101, passage 18
Wars with Jin horse collapse defeat
AD 1115 to AD 1125 天祚末年 · Military · Ruler
Directly stated · History of Liao 60, passages 64-66
Was protected as the imperial grandson and later succeeded to the throne as Tianzuo.
Succession
Directly stated · History of Liao 98, passages 11, 26
Was shooting deer at Qing Prefecture and took little concern on hearing of the Ningjiang attack
AD 1114 秋七月 · Personal · Actor · At Qing Prefecture 慶州
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 225
When Taizu campaigned against Liao, Gunan fought at Ningjiangzhou and Chuhedian, broke the Liao emperor's personal guard, and was rewarded each time for valor in battle. He inherited his father's commandery.
Biographical record · Source Text 從太祖伐遼，骨赧從軍戰甯江州出河店，破遼主親軍，皆以力戰受賞，襲其父謀克。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 157
When the main army struck at the Liao emperor, Egunai took sixty armored riders, ran down the Liao Pacification Commissioner Tushan, and captured him. With seven riders he overtook the Liao princess Yabulai and presented her as a prize.
Biographical record · Source Text 及大軍襲遼主，訛古乃以甲騎六十，追遼招討徒山，獲之，又以七騎追獲遼公主牙不裏以獻。
Directly stated · History of Jin 68, passage 171
AD 1125 二月
Capture · Captive · With Wanyan Loushi (完顏婁室) · At east of Ying Prefecture new city 應州新城東
Directly stated · History of Liao 30, passage 14
asked about mourning rites 問禮
Relation Consulted · Person Yelü Gu (耶律固)
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passages 17, 101
Relation Successor of · Person Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 111, passage 52
Relation Predecessor of · Person Yelü Dashi (耶律大石)
Strongly inferred · History of Liao 117, passage 24
Relation Ordered to befriend · Person Yugunian (余古赧)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 190
Relation Opposed by · Person Yelü Dilie (耶律敵烈)
Directly stated · History of Liao 59, passage 62
Relation Ordered to befriend · Person Aide (愛的)
Directly stated · History of Liao 24, passage 190
Relation Ward of · Person Xiao Huaizhong (蕭懷忠)
Directly stated · History of Liao 65, passage 251

Assessments and attributes

Assessment angry at Jurchen letter · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 28, passage 31
Assessment cruel-and-erratic-in-punishment · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passages 77, 79, 81
Assessment especially-benighted-and-violent-causing-dynastic-fall · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 62, passage 105
Assessment failed as a ruler · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 72, passage 107
Assessment self-ruined · Mode speaker Speaker Toqto'a (脫脫)
Directly stated · History of Liao 117, passage 24
Assessment set in blindness; would not employ Taosuwo · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · History of Liao 101, passage 100

Show 2 more source-backed claims

AD 1122 保大二年
Item imperial transmission seal 傳國璽 · Relation Lost · At Sanggan River 桑乾河
Directly stated · History of Liao 57, passage 13
Item late emperor's possessions 遺物 · Relation Distributed · With Emperor Daozong of Liao (遼道宗)
Directly stated · History of Liao 50, passage 31

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · History of Liao 27, passage 239; History of Liao 50, passage 17; History of Liao 60, passage 13; History of Liao 65, passage 235

References in the histories

Search passages

History

183 passages

History of Jin, Chapter 68Volume 68 Biographies 6: Huandu and His Son Mouyan; Yehe and His Sons Alubu, Gunan, and Egunai; Sanda's Son Pucha · 3 passages

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從斡魯古攻豪、懿州，以十餘騎破敵七百，進襲遼主。 He followed Wolugu against Hao and Yizhou, routed seven hundred men with barely a dozen riders, and pressed the attack on the Liao emperor himself.

從太祖伐遼，骨赧從軍戰甯江州出河店，破遼主親軍，皆以力戰受賞，襲其父謀克。 When Taizu campaigned against Liao, Gunan fought at Ningjiangzhou and Chuhedian, broke the Liao emperor's personal guard, and was rewarded each time for valor in battle. He inherited his father's commandery.

及大軍襲遼主，訛古乃以甲騎六十，追遼招討徒山，獲之，又以七騎追獲遼公主牙不裏以獻。 When the main army struck at the Liao emperor, Egunai took sixty armored riders, ran down the Liao Pacification Commissioner Tushan, and captured him. With seven riders he overtook the Liao princess Yabulai and presented her as a prize.

History of Jin, Chapter 78Volume 78 Biographies 16: Liu Yanzong and His Sons E and Kuo; Kuo's Son Zhonghui; Liu Yi; Shi Liai; Han Qixian and His Son Duo · 4 passages

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天祚走天德，秦晉國王耶律捏裏自立于燕，擢彥宗留守判官。 When Emperor Tianzuo fled to Tiande, Yelü Chun, the prince of Qin and Jin whose childhood name was Nieli, set himself up at Yan and appointed Yanzong assistant to the resident commissioner.

遼主西奔，蕭妃攝政，賜筈進士第，授尚書左司員外郎，寄班閣門。 When the Liao emperor fled west and Empress Xiao ruled as regent, she granted Kuo the jinshi degree, made him Outer Assistant Director in the Left Office of State Affairs, and attached him to the Imperial Portal.

於是，遼帝尚在天德，平州雖降，民心未固。 The Liao emperor was still at Tiande; though Pingzhou had surrendered, the people's loyalty was not yet secure.

山西部族緣遼主未獲，恐陰相連結，故遷處於嶺東。 The tribal groups west of the mountains, fearing secret ties while the Liao ruler was still at large, were moved east of the ranges.

History of Liao, Chapter 23Volume 23 Annals 23: Daozong 3 · 1 passage

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庚戌，皇孫延禧生。 On gengxu day the imperial grandson Yanxi was born.

History of Liao, Chapter 24Volume 24 Annals 24: Daozong 4 · 8 passages

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三月庚寅，封皇孫延禧為梁王，忠順軍節度使耶律頗德南院大王，耶律仲禧南院樞密使，戶部使陳毅參知政事。 On gengyin day of the third month imperial grandson Yanxi was enfeoffed Prince of Liang; Zhongshun Army military commissioner Yelü Pode was made Southern Court great king; Yelü Zhongxi Southern Court privy commissioner; Household Commissioner Chen Yi Associate Administrator of Affairs.

癸未，為皇孫梁王延禧設旗鼓拽剌六人衛護之。 On guiwei day six drum-and-banner zhala guards were established to protect imperial grandson Prince of Liang Yanxi.

冬十月乙卯，詔化哥傅導梁王延禧，加金吾衛大將軍。 On yimao day of the tenth winter month an edict ordered Huage to tutor Prince of Liang Yanxi and promoted him Grand General of the Jinwu Guard.

十一月丙午，進封梁王延禧為燕國王，大赦。 On bingwu day of the eleventh month Prince of Liang Yanxi was advanced to Prince of Yan and a general amnesty was proclaimed.

丁巳，命知制誥王師儒、牌印郎君耶律固傅導燕國王延禧。 On dingsi day drafting edict commissioner Wang Shiru and seal-and-tally langjun Yelü Gu were ordered to tutor Prince of Yan Yanxi.

乙巳，阻卜酋長余古赧及愛的來朝，詔燕國王延禧相結為友。 On yisi day Zubu chiefs Yugunian and Aide came to court; an edict ordered Prince of Yan Yanxi to bond with them as friends.

己卯，出太祖、太宗所禦鎧仗示燕國王延禧，諭以創業征伐之難。 On jimao day armor and weapons used by Taizu and Taizong were displayed to Prince of Yan Yanxi, instructing him on the hardship of founding and campaigning.

十一月甲戌，為燕國王延禧行再生禮，曲赦上京囚。 On jiaxu day of the eleventh month the rebirth ritual was performed for Prince of Yan Yanxi; partial amnesty for prisoners at the Supreme Capital.

History of Liao, Chapter 25Volume 25 Annals 25: Daozong 5 · 5 passages

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五月辛亥，命燕國王延禧寫《尚書·五子之歌》。 On xinhai day of the fifth month Prince of Yan Yanxi was ordered to copy the 《Five Sons' Songs》 from the 《Book of Documents》.

丁亥，命燕國王延禧知中丞司事，以同知南院樞密使事耶律聶裏知右夷離畢，知右夷離畢事耶律那也同知南院樞密使事。 On dinghai day Prince of Yan Yanxi was ordered to administer Central Secretariat affairs; associate Southern Court privy commissioner Yelü Nieli was made administrator of Right yilibi affairs; Yelü Naye, who administered Right yilibi affairs, was made associate Southern Court privy commissioner.

十一月丁卯朔，燕國王延禧生子，大赦，妃之族屬進爵有差。 On the dingmao new moon of the eleventh month Prince of Yan Yanxi had a son; a general amnesty was proclaimed; the consort's kin advanced in rank by degree.

冬十月辛巳，命燕國王延禧為天下兵馬大元帥，總北南院樞密使事。 On xinsi day of the tenth winter month Prince of Yan Yanxi was ordered grand marshal of all armies and horses under Heaven and head of Northern and Southern Privy Council affairs.

己未，燕國王延禧生子，肆赦，妃之族屬並進級。 On jiwei day Prince of Yan Yanxi had a son; a general amnesty was proclaimed; the consort's kin were all advanced in rank.

History of Liao, Chapter 26Volume 26 Annals 26: Daozong 6 · 5 passages

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三月辛酉，燕國王延禧生子。 On xinyou day of the third month Prince of Yan Yanxi had a son.

己卯，以南府宰相斡特剌兼契丹行宮都部署，以傅導燕國王延禧。 On jimao day Southern Court chancellor Wotela was also made Khitan mobile palace deployment director, to tutor Prince of Yan Yanxi.

十二月壬辰，為燕國王延禧行再生禮，曲赦三百里內囚。 On renchen day of the twelfth month the rebirth ritual was performed for Prince of Yan Yanxi; partial amnesty for prisoners within three hundred li.

辛亥，詔燕國王延禧擬註大將軍以下官。 On xinhai day an edict ordered Prince of Yan Yanxi to nominate officers from grand general downward.

遺詔燕國王延禧嗣位。 His testamentary edict ordered Prince of Yan Yanxi to succeed.

History of Liao, Chapter 27Volume 27 Annals 27: Emperor Tianzuo 1 · 5 passages

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群臣上尊號曰天祚皇帝。 The hundred officials offered the honorific title Emperor Tianzuo.

天祚皇帝，諱延禧，字延甯，小字阿果。 Emperor Tianzuo, taboo name Yanxi, courtesy name Yanning, childhood name Aguo.

十一月丙申，文武百官加上尊號曰惠文智武聖孝天祚皇帝，大赦，以宋魏國王和魯斡為皇太叔，梁王撻魯進封燕國王，鄭王淳為東京留守，進封越國王，百官各進一階。 On bingshen day of the eleventh month civil and military officials added the honorific title Benevolent, Cultured, Wise, Martial, Sagely, Filial Emperor Tianzuo; a general amnesty was proclaimed; Song Prince of Wei Heluwo was made Imperial Grand Uncle; Prince of Liang Taluo was advanced to Prince of Yan; Prince of Zheng Chun was made Eastern Capital intendant and advanced to Prince of Yue; all officials were promoted one grade.

時上在慶州射鹿，聞之略不介意，遣海州刺史高仙壽統渤海軍應援。 At the time the emperor was shooting deer at Qing Prefecture; on hearing it he was little concerned and dispatched Haizhou prefect Gao Xianshou to command Bohai troops in relief.

上從之，嗣先但免官而已。 The emperor followed this; Sixian was only dismissed from office.

History of Liao, Chapter 28Volume 28 Annals 28: Emperor Tianzuo 2 · 7 passages

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上親征。 The emperor personally campaigned.

書上，上怒，下詔有「女直作過，大軍翦除」之語。 When the letter arrived the emperor was angry and issued an edict with the words "The Jurchen have committed offenses; the great army shall cut them down."

今主上親征，奈何？ Now the sovereign personally campaigns — what is to be done?

上遣駙馬蕭昱領兵詣廣平澱護后妃，行宮小底乙信持書馳報魏國王。 The emperor sent imperial son-in-law Xiao Yu leading troops to Guangping Marsh to guard the empress and consorts; mobile palace attendant Yixin bore a letter at full gallop to report to Prince of Wei.

王曰：「此非細事，主上自有諸王當立，北、南面大臣不來，而汝言及此，何也？」 The prince said, "This is no small matter; the sovereign has his own princes who should be enthroned; Northern and Southern Court great ministers have not come — yet you speak of this — how so?"

上遇之如初。 The emperor received him as at first.

<三>戊申，親戰于護步答岡，敗績，盡亡其輜重。 [3] On wushen day the emperor fought in person at Hubudada and was defeated; all baggage was lost.

History of Liao, Chapter 30Volume 30 Annals 30: Emperor Tianzuo 4: Ye Luchun, Ye Luyali, Ye Ludashi and Son: Yilie, Yi Lie and Younger Sister: Pu Suwan, Yi Lieci and Son: Zhilugu · 26 passages

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天祚皇帝四耶律淳耶律雅里耶律大石子:夷列夷列妹:普速完夷列次子:直魯古 Emperor Tianzuo IV; Yelü Chun; Yelü Yali; Yelü Dashi — Yilie; Yilie's sister Pusuwan; Yilie's second son Zhilugu

天祚皇帝四 Emperor Tianzuo IV

丙午，降封海濱王。 On bingwu day he was demoted and enfeoffed as Prince of the Sea Shore.

金皇統元年二月，改封豫王。 In the second month of Jin Huangtong year 1 he was changed to Prince of Yu.

天祚即位，進王鄭。 When Tianzuo took the throne, Chun was advanced to Prince of Zheng.

保大二年，天祚入夾山，奚王回離保、林牙耶律大石等引唐靈武故事，議欲立淳。 In Baoda year 2, Tianzuo entered Jia Mountain; Xi King Huilbao, Linya Yelü Dashi, and others cited the Tang Lingwu precedent and discussed enthroning Chun.

放進士李寶信等一十九人，遙降天祚為湘陰王。 He released jinshi Li Baoxin and eighteen others, and from afar demoted Tianzuo to Prince of Xiangyin.

沙漠以北、南北路兩都招討府、諸蕃部族等，仍隸天祚。 north of the desert, the two frontier commissioners of the Northern and Southern Routes, and the various fan tribes and clans still belonged to Tianzuo.

而金兵大至，德妃奔天德軍，見天祚。 But Jin troops arrived in force; the Virtuous Consort fled to Tiande Army and met Tianzuo.

天祚怒，誅德妃，降淳庶人，除其屬籍。 Tianzuo was angry, executed the Virtuous Consort, demoted Chun to commoner, and removed him from the clan register.

耶律雅里者，天祚皇帝第二子也，字撒鸞。 Yelü Yali was Emperor Tianzuo's second son; his style was Saluan.

聞天祚失利趨雲內，雅里馳赴。 Hearing Tianzuo had met defeat and was hastening to Yunnei, Yali galloped to join him.

時扈從者千餘人，多於天祚。 At the time those in attendance were more than a thousand — more than Tianzuo had.

天祚慮特母哥生變，欲誅之。 Tianzuo feared Temuge would cause trouble and wished to execute him.

天祚渡河奔夏，隊帥耶律敵列等劫雅里北走。 Tianzuo crossed the river fleeing to Xia; company commander Yelü Dilie and others seized Yali and fled north.

保大二年，金兵日逼，天祚播越，與諸大臣立秦晉王淳為帝。 In Baoda year 2, as Jin troops daily pressed, Tianzuo was driven from his capital; with the great ministers he set up King of Qin-Jin Chun as emperor.

及金兵至，蕭德妃歸天祚。 When Jin troops arrived Virtuous Consort Xiao returned to Tianzuo.

天祚怒誅德妃而責大石曰：「我在，汝何敢立淳？」 Tianzuo angrily executed Virtuous Consort Xiao and blamed Dashi, saying, "While I live, how dare you set up Chun?"

金以臣屬，逼我國家，殘我黎庶，屠翦我州邑，使我天祚皇帝蒙塵于外，日夜痛心疾首。 Jin as subject-state forced our state, ravaged our black-haired people, slaughtered and mowed our prefectures and counties, making our Emperor Tianzuo suffer dust abroad — day and night we are heartsick.

當天祚播越，以都元帥留守南京，獨不可奮大義以激燕民及諸大臣，興勤王之師，東拒金而迎天祚乎？ When Tianzuo was driven from his capital, could he not—as commander-in-chief at Nanjing—have roused great righteousness among the Yan people and great ministers, raised a loyal host to resist Jin in the east, and welcomed Tianzuo home?

況忍王天祚哉？ And how he wronged Tianzuo!

大石既帝淳而王天祚矣，復歸天祚。 Dashi had made Chun emperor, yet still served Tianzuo when he returned.

天祚責以大義，乃自立為王而去之。 Tianzuo rebuked him on grounds of righteousness; Dashi thereupon styled himself king and departed.

然淳與雅里、大石之立，皆在天祚之世。 Yet the enthronements of Chun, Yali, and Dashi all fell within Tianzuo's lifetime.

降臻天祚，既丁末運，又觖人望，崇信奸回，自國本，群下離心。 Descending to Tianzuo, he met the dynasty's final fate and disappointed the people's hopes, trusted wicked flatterers, and himself undermined the state's root—those below lost heart.

天祚窮蹙，始悟奉先誤己，不幾晚乎！ Tianzuo in extremity at last saw that Fengxian had misled him—was it not nearly too late?

History of Liao, Chapter 31Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1 · 3 passages

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穆宗曰延昌宮，景宗曰彰湣宮，承天太后曰崇德宮，聖宗曰興聖宮，興宗曰延慶宮，道宗曰太和宮，天祚曰永昌宮。 Muzong: Yanchang Palace; Jingzong: Zhangmin Palace; Empress Chengtian: Chongde Palace; Shengzong: Xingsheng Palace; Xingzong: Yanqing Palace; Daozong: Taihe Palace; Tianzuo: Yongchang Palace.

阿魯碗斡魯朵，天祚皇帝置。 The Aluwan orudo, established by Emperor Tianzuo.

無子，以皇族魏王貼不子耶魯為嗣，早卒，天祚皇帝又以皇子敖魯斡繼之。 He had no sons; the imperial clansman Prince of Wei Tiebu's son Yelu was made heir but died young, and Emperor Tianzuo then made Prince Aoluwo his successor.

History of Liao, Chapter 43Volume 43 Treatises 13: Celestial Phenomena 2 · 1 passage

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天祚皇帝乾統六年，宋用《紀元曆》。 In Tianzuo's sixth Qiantong year the Song used the 《Jiyuan Calendar》.

History of Liao, Chapter 45Volume 45 Treatises 15: Official Posts 1 · 1 passage

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聖宗興聖宮興宗延慶宮道宗太和宮天祚永昌宮 Shengzong Xingsheng Palace, Xingzong Yanqing Palace, Daozong Taihe Palace, and Tianzuo Yongchang Palace

History of Liao, Chapter 50Volume 50 Treatises 20: Rites 2 · 10 passages

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天祚皇帝問禮於總知翰林院事耶律固，始服斬衰； Emperor Tianzuo inquired about the rites from Ye Lü Gu, Supervisor of the Hanlin Academy, and then put on the deepest mourning garment of unhemmed sackcloth;

先帝小斂前一日，皇帝喪服上香，奠酒，哭臨。 On the day before the lesser dressing of the late emperor, the emperor in mourning robes burned incense, offered wine, and mourned at the bier.

就舉，皇帝免喪服，步引至長福岡。 For the interment the emperor removed his mourning robes and walked ahead on foot, leading the procession to Changfu Hill.

是夕，皇帝入陵寢，授遺物於皇族、外戚及諸大臣，乃出。 That evening the emperor entered the tomb chamber, distributed the late emperor's possessions among the imperial clan, maternal kin, and great ministers, and then withdrew.

帝不親往，遣近侍冠服赴之。 The emperor did not go in person but sent close attendants in formal caps and robes in his stead.

初奠，皇帝、皇后率皇族、外戚、使相、節度使、夫人以上命婦皆拜祭，循陵三匝而降。 For the first offering, the emperor and empress led the imperial clan, maternal kin, commissioners, military governors, and titled ladies of third rank and above in bowing and sacrifice; they circled the tomb three times before descending.

道宗崩，天祚皇帝問禮於耶律固。 When Emperor Daozong died, Emperor Tianzuo consulted Ye Lü Gu about the proper rites.

宋國遣使吊及致祭、歸赗，皇帝喪服，禦遊仙之北別殿。 The Song court dispatched envoys to offer condolences, present sacrifices, and return funerary gifts; the emperor, dressed in mourning, presided in the separate hall north of the Youxian Hall.

使入門，皇帝哭。 When the envoys entered, the emperor wept.

使者出，少頃，復入，陳賻赗於柩前，皇帝入臨哭。 The envoys withdrew; after a short while they entered again and presented funerary gifts before the bier; the emperor came in person to mourn and weep.

History of Liao, Chapter 54Volume 54 Treatises 24: Music · 2 passages

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天祚天慶二年，駕幸混同江，頭魚酒筵，半酣，上命諸酋長次第歌舞為樂。 In the second year of Tianqing, Emperor Tianzuo visited the Huntong River; at the head-fish banquet, when the wine had gone halfway, he ordered the chieftains to sing and dance in turn for entertainment.

天祚皇帝天慶元年上壽儀：皇帝出東閣，鳴鞭，樂作； Ceremony for offering long life in the first year of Tianqing, Emperor Tianzuo: the emperor came forth from the east side chamber, the whip was sounded, and music began;

History of Liao, Chapter 57Volume 57 Treatises 27: Ceremonial Guards 3 · 1 passage

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天祚保大二年，遺傳國璽於桑乾河。 In the second year of the Baoda era (1122), the last Liao emperor Tianzuo lost the imperial transmission seal in the Sanggan River.

History of Liao, Chapter 59Volume 59 Treatises 29: Finance and Economics 1 · 1 passage

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會天祚播遷，耶律敵烈等逼立梁王雅裏，令群牧人戶運鹽濼倉粟。 When the Tianzuo Emperor was driven into exile, Yelü Dilie and others forced the installation of Prince Liang Yali and ordered the herd-management households to transport grain from the Salt Marsh granary.

History of Liao, Chapter 60Volume 60 Treatises 30: Finance and Economics 2 · 4 passages

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至天祚之亂，賦斂既重，交易法壞，財日匱而民日困矣。 By the turmoil of Emperor Tianzuo's reign, levies had grown crushing, commercial regulations had collapsed, and both treasury and populace sank ever deeper into want.

自此以訖天祚，國家皆賴其利。 From that time until Tianzuo's reign, the state depended on these revenues.

天祚之世，更鑄乾統、天慶二等新錢，而上下窮困，府庫無餘積。 Under Emperor Tianzuo new Qiantong and Tianqing coin were minted, yet court and country alike were destitute and the treasuries held no reserve.

天祚初年，馬猶有數萬群，每群不下千匹。 Early in Tianzuo's reign tens of thousands of herds still remained, each numbering no fewer than a thousand horses.

History of Liao, Chapter 62Volume 62 Treatises 32: Punishment and Law 2 · 8 passages

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天祚乾統元年，凡大康三年預乙辛所害者悉復官爵，籍沒者出之，流放者還鄉里。 In Tianzuo's first year of Qiantong, all whom Yixin had harmed in the third year of Dakang had rank and titles restored, confiscated property returned, and exiles sent home.

天祚大恐，益務繩以嚴酷，由是投崖、炮擲、釘割、臠殺之刑復興焉。 Tianzuo, terrified, tightened the law with ever greater cruelty; casting from cliffs, cannon-throwing, nailing, cutting, and dismemberment were revived.

雖由天祚救患無策，流為殘忍，亦由祖宗有以啟之也。 Though Tianzuo, lacking any strategy to save the realm, drifted into cruelty, his ancestors had shown him the way.

天祚未年，遊畋無度，頗有倦勤意。 In his last years Tianzuo hunted without restraint and showed signs of weariness with rule.

會文妃之女兄適耶律撻曷裏，女弟適耶律余睹，奉先乃誣告余睹等謀立晉王，尊天祚為太上皇。 Consort Wen's elder sister was married to Yelü Tahieli and her younger sister to Yelü Yudu; Fengxian then falsely accused Yudu and others of plotting to enthrone the Prince of Jin and make Tianzuo Retired Emperor.

及天祚西狩奉聖州，又以耶律撒八等欲劫立敖盧斡，遂誅撒八，盡其黨與。 When Tianzuo marched west to Fengshengzhou, he was told that Yelü Saba and others meant to seize him and enthrone Aoluwo; Saba was executed and his entire faction destroyed.

天祚知其父之冤，而己亦幾殆，至是又自殺其子敖盧斡。 Tianzuo knew the injustice done to his father and had himself nearly died for it; now he killed his own son Aoluwo.

天祚荒暴尤甚，遂至於亡，噫！ Tianzuo was more benighted and violent than any before him, and so the dynasty fell — alas!

History of Liao, Chapter 65Volume 65 Tables 3: Princesses · 5 passages

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駙馬都尉撻不也坐昭懷太子事被害，其弟訛都斡欲逼尚公主，公主以訛都斡黨乙辛，惡之。未幾，訛都斡以事伏誅。天祚幼，乙辛用事。公主每以匡救為心，竟誅乙辛。 Imperial Son-in-law Tabuye was executed for involvement in Prince Zhaohuai's affair; his younger brother Eduwo tried to force a marriage to the princess, but she detested him as a partisan of Yixin. Before long Eduwo was executed. Tianzuo was still young and Yixin held power; the princess constantly worked to rescue the court, and in the end Yixin was put to death.

公主從天祚出奔。明年，攻應州，留公主守輜重。金人圍之，公主奔行在所，天祚潛遁，為金人所獲。 The princess fled with Tianzuo. The next year, when he attacked Ying Prefecture, he left her to guard the baggage train. Jin forces surrounded her; she fled to the traveling court while Tianzuo slipped away in secret and was captured by the Jin.

幼遭乙辛之難，與兄天祚俱養于蕭懷忠家。後李氏進挾穀歌，文帝感悟，召還宮。 In childhood she suffered during Yixin's persecution and was raised with her brother Tianzuo in Xiao Huaizhong's household. Later Lady Li presented the Jia Guge (Song of Carrying Grain); Emperor Wen was moved and summoned them back to the palace.

天祚六女： Tianzuo had six daughters:

俱為金人所獲。俱為金人所獲按金史七四宗望傳，天祚女為金人所俘者有骨欲、餘里衍，斡里衍、大奧野、次奧野，惟長女乘軍亂逃去。餘里衍即余里衍。 All were captured by the Jin—per the biography of Zongwang in Jin History 74, Tianzuo's daughters taken by the Jin were Guyü, Yuliyan, Woliyan, Da'aoye, and Ci'aoye; only the eldest escaped in the army chaos. That Jin History form of Yuliyan is the same as this table's Yuliyan.

History of Liao, Chapter 72Volume 72 Biographies 2: Imperial Family: Yi Zongbei, the Foreign Emperor Zhang Su, Shun Zongjun, Jin Wangaoluwo · 3 passages

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一子，延禧，即天祚皇帝。 He had one son, Yanxi, who became Emperor Tianzuo.

晉王，小字敖盧斡，天祚皇帝長子，母曰文妃蕭氏。 The Prince of Jin, childhood name Aolugan, was Emperor Tianzuo's eldest son; his mother was Literary Consort of the Xiao clan.

論曰：天祚不君，臣下謀立其子，適以殺之。 Commentary: Tianzuo failed as a ruler; his ministers plotted to put his son on the throne—and thereby brought about the son's death.

History of Liao, Chapter 82Volume 82 Biographies 12: Yelu Longyun, Yelu Boguzhe, Xiao Yanga, Wu Bai, Xiao Changge, Yelu Hugu · 1 passage

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天祚立，以皇子敖盧斡繼之。 When Tianzuo succeeded, Prince Aoluwo was made his successor.

History of Liao, Chapter 86Volume 86 Biographies 16: Yelu Hezhu, Liu Jing, Liu Liufu, Ye Luniaolu, Niu Wenshu, Du Fang, Xiao Heshang, Yelu Helizhi, Yelu Pode · 1 passage

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宋主問其故，溫舒對曰：「臣奉天子威命來和，若不從，則當卷土收去。」 When the Song emperor asked why, Wenshu answered, "I have come with our emperor's mandate to make peace; if you refuse, I shall roll up this earth and carry it home."

History of Liao, Chapter 98Volume 98 Biographies 28: Xiao Wuna, Yelu Yan, Liu Shen, Yelu Hulu · 11 passages

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五年，帝出獵，乙辛請留皇孫，帝欲從之。 In the fifth year the emperor went hunting; Yixin asked to keep the imperial grandson at court, and the emperor was inclined to consent.

兀納奏曰：「竊聞車駕出遊，將留皇孫，茍保護非人，恐有他變。 Wuna memorialized: "I understand Your Majesty is about to leave on tour while keeping the imperial grandson behind; if unsuitable men are charged with his protection, I fear disaster.

果留，臣請侍左右。」 If he stays behind, I beg leave to attend him in person."

帝乃悟，命皇孫從行。 The emperor took his meaning and ordered the grandson to come along.

卿等宜達燕王知之。」 Tell the Prince of Yan, so that he knows how highly I esteem this."

自是令兀納輔導燕王，益見優寵。 From then on Wuna was assigned to guide the Prince of Yan and received even greater favor.

初，天祚在潛邸，兀納數以直言忤旨。 While Tianzuo was still heir apparent, Wuna often spoke bluntly and offended him.

及嗣位，出為遼興軍節度使，守太傅。 Once Tianzuo took the throne, Wuna was sent out as military commissioner of Liaoxing Army with the honorary title Grand Mentor.

天祚愈怒，奪太傅官，降寧邊州刺史，尋改臨海軍節度使。 Tianzuo was only enraged the more: he stripped Wuna of Grand Mentor, demoted him to prefect of Ningbian, and soon afterward transferred him to military commissioner of Linhai Army.

五年，天祚親征，兀納殿，復敗績。 In the fifth year Tianzuo took the field in person; Wuna commanded the rear guard and was defeated again.

天祚以兀納先朝重臣，有定策勛，每延問以政，兀納對甚切。 Tianzuo, mindful that Wuna was a senior minister of the former reign who had helped settle the succession, often consulted him on policy; Wuna answered without reserve.

History of Liao, Chapter 99Volume 99 Biographies 29: Xiao Yanshou, Yelu Sala, Xiao Susa, Yelu Tabuye, Xiao Tabuye, Xiao Hugu, Yelu Shiliu · 10 passages

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天祚即位，召為御史中丞。 When Emperor Tianzuo acceded he was recalled as Vice Censor-in-Chief.

賴廟社之休，陛下獲纂成業，積年之冤，一旦洗雪。 By the grace of the ancestral temples Your Majesty has succeeded to the throne, and wrongs that festered for years may at last be redressed.

正陛下英斷，克成孝道之秋。 This is precisely the moment for Your Majesty's decisive rule to fulfill filial duty.

如蕭得裏特實乙辛之黨，耶律合魯亦不為早辨，賴陛下之明，遂正其事。 Xiao Delite was truly of Yixin's party, and Yelu Helu failed to expose this in time; only Your Majesty's discernment set the matter right.

臣見陛下多疑，故有司顧望，不切推問。 I fear Your Majesty's excessive caution leaves officials hesitant and unwilling to pursue the case vigorously.

先帝若以順考為實，則乙辛為功臣，陛下豈得立耶？ If the late emperor had believed the accusations against your late father, Yixin would count as a meritorious minister—how then could Your Majesty have ascended the throne?

先帝黜逐嬖後，詔陛下在左右，是亦悔前非也。 The late emperor dismissed his favorite consort and kept Your Majesty at his side—itself a sign he regretted his earlier error.

陛下詎可忘父讎不報，寬逆黨不誅？ How can Your Majesty leave your father's wrongs unavenged and spare the traitorous faction unpunished?

臣願陛下下明詔，求順考之瘞所，盡收逆黨以正邦憲，快四方忠義之心，昭國家賞罰之用，然後致治之道可得而舉矣。 I beg Your Majesty to issue a clear edict, find your late father's burial place, apprehend the entire traitorous faction to uphold the law, satisfy loyal subjects everywhere, and make the state's rewards and punishments plain—only then can good governance truly be pursued.

謹別錄順聖升遐及乙辛等事，昧死以聞。 I respectfully attach a separate record of Emperor Shunsheng's death and Yixin's crimes, and risk my life to lay this before Your Majesty.

History of Liao, Chapter 100Volume 100 Biographies 30: Yelu Tanggu, Xiao Delidi, Xiao Chouwo, Yelu Zhangnu, Yelu Paizhe · 8 passages