Emperor Wen of Han 漢文

Names

Identity

Historicity

Historical

Identification

Named

Sex

Male

• Sex: male
  Explicit · beiqishu:006:s0103, hanshu:005:s0001, hanshu:006:s0001, hanshu:044:s0276, hanshu:046:s0032, hanshu:051:s0023, hanshu:055:s0146, hanshu:076:s0203, hanshu:076:s0204, hanshu:085:s0086, hanshu:101:s0022, hanshu:102:s0023, houhanshu:032:s0003, houhanshu:109:s0051, houhanshu:131:s0115, liaoshi:109:s0020, shiji:011:s0001, shiji:029:s0024, shiji:050:s0032, shiji:098:s0056, shiji:100:s0038, shiji:103:s0011, shiji:103:s0139, xintangshu:113:s0229
• Sex: male
  Strongly inferred · hanshu:004:s0087, hanshu:058:s0003, houhanshu:031:s0136, houhanshu:110:s0004, nanqishu:004:s0075, qingshigao:143:s0158, shiji:023:s0022, shiji:025:s0023, shiji:063:s0025, shiji:102:s0003, shiji:104:s0020, shiji:124:s0052
• Value: male
  Strongly inferred · hanshu:070:s0055, hanshu:105:s0006
• Value: male
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0009

Roles

• Family Member
• Judge
• Official
• Royal Family Member
• Ruler
• Statesman

Family

• Parent of Emperor Xiaojing (孝景皇帝)
  Kinship Term: Crown Prince / 太子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: father / 父 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: middle son / 中子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Object Birth Order: 2
  Kinship Term: son / 兒子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: Crown Prince / 太子 · Parentage: biological
  Kinship Term: middle son / 中子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father · Subject Birth Order: 2
• Child of Empress Dowager Xiaowen (孝文太后)
  Kinship Term: Empress Dowager Xiaowen / 孝文太后 · Parentage: biological
  Kinship Term: empress dowager / 太后 · Parentage: biological
• Child of Empress Dowager Bo (薄氏)
  Kinship Term: empress dowager / 太后 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: mother / 母 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: mother · Object Role: son
• Spouse of Lady Dou (竇氏)
  Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: active
  Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage
  Kinship Term: won his favor / 得幸 · Union Category: secondary-marriage
• Spouse of Former consort of Emperor Wen (前后)
  Kinship Term: former consort / 前后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Relationship State: ended
• Child of Zhang Shuo (張說)
  Kinship Term: son by a concubine / 庶子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
  Kinship Term: youngest son / 少子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
• Parent of King of Liang (梁王)
  Kinship Term: son / 兒子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son

• Kinship Role: sons · Count: 3 · With Person Id: Former consort of Emperor Wen (前后)
  Explicit · shiji:011:s0003
• Kinship Role: descendants · Note: all reached high office · Quantity: unspecified
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0157

Origins and identity

• Line: Zhou · Label: Zhou / 周氏
  Explicit · shiji:098:s0057

Career and standing

• Label: practitioner of Legalist / Xingming learning / 治刑名
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0140
• Label: Imperial Clerk / 御史大夫 · Action: appointed
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0149
• Label: Imperial Secretary / 御史大夫 · Action: appointed · Start Date: Source Date: Text: 元朔四年 · Western Year: BC 125
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0143
• Label: attendant to the Heir Apparent (forms and names) / 治刑名侍太子 · Action: held
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0147
• Label: one of the Nine Ministers / 九卿 · Action: held
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0148, shiji:103:s0142
• Office: Minister of Justice / 廷尉
  Explicit · hanshu:058:s0429
• Title En: King of Dai · Title Zh: 代王 · Capital En: Zhongdu · Capital Zh: 中都
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0002
• Title: Taizong / 太宗 · Action: temple-name-used
  Explicit · shiji:011:s0006
• Title: Emperor Xiaowen of Han / 漢孝文帝 · Action: held
  Explicit · shiji:063:s0025
• Status: retired · Action: entered
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0155
• Status: retirement · Action: entered
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0150
• Status: emperor · Action: held
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0023
• Action: reigned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢文帝在位 · Western Interval: Start: BC 180 · End: BC 157
  Derived · yuanshi:191:s0002
• Date Context: Source Date: Text: 尊立文帝 · Western Year: BC 180
  Explicit · hanshu:004:s0087
• Date Text: enthroned as Emperor Wen · Unresolved: true
  Explicit · hanshu:044:s0276
• 遂即天子位
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0312
• Label: established as emperor / 立
  Explicit · shiji:104:s0020
• Source Date: Text: 孝文即位 · Western Year: BC 180
  Explicit · shiji:023:s0022, shiji:025:s0023

Places and affiliations

• Han / 漢
  Explicit · hanshu:058:s0044
• Han / 漢
  Strongly inferred · hanshu:076:s0203
• Label: Han / 漢 · Relation: ruled
  Explicit · shiji:023:s0022
• Label: Han / 漢 · Relation: served
  Explicit · hanshu:085:s0086
• Polity: Han
  Explicit · hanshu:027:s0040, hanshu:058:s0277, hanshu:058:s0384
• Polity: Han / 漢 · Relation: of
  Explicit · hanshu:006:s0001
• Polity: Han / 漢 · Relation: ruled
  Explicit · hanshu:004:s0087, hanshu:046:s0032, qingshigao:143:s0158, qingshigao:143:s0163, shiji:025:s0023, shiji:029:s0024, shiji:125:s0009
• Polity: Han / 漢 · Relation: served
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0146, shiji:102:s0003
• Polity: Western Han / 漢 · Relation: served
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0011, shiji:103:s0143
• Place: Dai / 代 · Relation: resided-at
  Explicit · shiji:011:s0003
• Place: Yangling / 陽陵 · Relation: residence
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0156, shiji:103:s0151

Learning and skills

• Subject: Daoist learning / 道家之學
  Explicit · shiji:023:s0022
• Belief: Daoist learning / 道家之學 · Relation: adherent-of
  Explicit · shiji:023:s0022

Works and attributed material

• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Addressee Person Id: Emperor Xiaojing (孝景皇帝)
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0080
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Zhang Shizhi (張釋之)
  Explicit · shiji:102:s0008
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Tian Shu (田叔)
  Explicit · shiji:104:s0021, shiji:104:s0023, shiji:104:s0026, shiji:104:s0027, shiji:104:s0028, shiji:104:s0036
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Deng Tong (鄧通)
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0022, shiji:125:s0023, shiji:125:s0027
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Lady Shen (慎夫人)
  Explicit · shiji:102:s0038, shiji:102:s0039, shiji:102:s0040
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Feng Tang (馮唐)
  Explicit · shiji:102:s0089, shiji:102:s0090, shiji:102:s0092, shiji:102:s0093, shiji:102:s0094, shiji:102:s0096, shiji:102:s0099, shiji:102:s0100, shiji:102:s0104, shiji:102:s0108
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
  Explicit · qingshigao:143:s0163, qingshigao:143:s0176
• Kind: speech · Role: speaker
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0026, shiji:025:s0027, shiji:025:s0028, shiji:025:s0029, shiji:025:s0030, shiji:025:s0031, shiji:025:s0032, shiji:025:s0033, shiji:102:s0033

Events and relationships

• Kind: legal · Role: ruler · Action: abolished-corporal-punishment-and-branding
  Explicit · qingshigao:143:s0169
• Kind: legal · Role: ruler · Action: abolished-joint-punishment-of-wives-and-children
  Explicit · qingshigao:143:s0158
• Kind: ritual · Role: recipient · Action: announced-sacrifice-as-Taizong · Place: Bright Hall / 明堂 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 癸酉 · Western Year: AD 85
  Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0051
• Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: ascended-throne
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0023
• Kind: ritual · Role: ruler · Action: dismissed-rite-discussion · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 孝文即位…故罷去之 · Western Year: BC 180
  Explicit · shiji:023:s0022
• Kind: personal · Role: dreamer · Action: dreamed-of-ascent-to-heaven
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0014
• Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: kept-peace-and-rest
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0034, shiji:025:s0035
• Kind: cultural · Role: innovator · Action: raised-ze-forehead-tablet-and-universalized-ze
  Explicit · houhanshu:131:s0115
• Kind: political · Role: speaker · Action: rejected-military-discussion
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0026, shiji:025:s0027, shiji:025:s0028, shiji:025:s0029, shiji:025:s0030, shiji:025:s0031, shiji:025:s0032, shiji:025:s0033
• Kind: medical · Role: patient · Action: suffered-abscess
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0026
• Kind: disaster-response · Role: reigning-ruler · Action: Yellow-River-burst-at-Suanzao · Place: Suanzao / 酸棗 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢興三十九年，孝文時 · Western Year: BC 168
  Explicit event contextual date · shiji:029:s0024
• Type: consort-of · Person Id: Lady Shen (慎夫人) · Note: favored Lady Shen
  Explicit · hanshu:058:s0052
• Type: nephew · Target: Liu Jiao (劉交) · Note: King of Chu is uncle (季父)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0046
• Type: elder-brother · Target: Liu Chang (劉長) · Note: King of Huainan as younger brother
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0048
• Type: younger-kinsman · Target: King of Wu (吳王) · Note: King of Wu as elder brother
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0047
• Type: son · Target: Emperor Gaozu (高祖) · Note: middle son
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0001
• Type: son · Target: Lady Bo (薄姬) · Note: mother Lady Bo
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0001
• Relation: successor-of · Person Id: Emperor Gaozu (高祖)
  Strongly inferred · shiji:025:s0023, shiji:025:s0029
• Type: father-of · Person Id: Emperor Xiaojing (孝景皇帝)
  Strongly inferred · hanshu:058:s0132, hanshu:058:s0466
• Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Deng Tong (鄧通)
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0009, shiji:125:s0016
• Relation: successor-of · Person Id: Han Anguo (韓安國)
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0149
• Type: brother-of · Person Id: Liu Chang (劉長)
  Explicit · hanshu:058:s0024
• Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Zhao Tong (趙同)
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0009, shiji:125:s0011
• Relation: patron-of · Person Id: Beigong Bozi (北宮伯子)
  Explicit · shiji:125:s0009, shiji:125:s0010
• Type: son-of · Person Id: Empress Dowager (太后)
  Strongly inferred · hanshu:058:s0033
• Type: husband-of · Person Id: Empress (皇后)
  Explicit · hanshu:058:s0052
• Type: husband · Target: Lady Dou (竇氏)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0065
• Type: favored-consort · Target: Lady Shen (慎夫人)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0288
• Type: father · Target: Liu Wu (劉武)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0107
• Type: father · Target: Liu Yi (劉揖)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0107
• Type: father · Target: Liu Shen (劉參)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0107
• Type: father · Target: Liu Qi (劉啟)
  Explicit · hanshu:005:s0060

Assessments and attributes

• Assessment: added reverence and frugality · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · hanshu:006:s0190
• Assessment: brought-peace-by-not-disturbing-the-people · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Sima Qian (太史公)
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0035
• Assessment: compassionate elder who hated to press cases · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · hanshu:055:s0150, hanshu:055:s0154
• Assessment: compassionate-toward-prisoners · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0148
• Assessment: practiced great virtue; realm at peace · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Sima Qian (太史公)
  Explicit · shiji:011:s0119
• Assessment: regarded collective punishment as improper law harmful to the people · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Person Id: Shen Jiaben (沈家本)
  Explicit · qingshigao:143:s0163
• Assessment: virtuous-gentleman · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
  Explicit · shiji:025:s0037
• Assessment: 盛德 great virtue/mercy · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
  Explicit · qingshigao:143:s0158
• Kind: illness · Statement: dropsy in old age
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0149

Source notes

• Historicity: historical
  Explicit · shiji:050:s0032
• Statement: had sons and grandsons (unspecified number) · Kinship Role: sons and grandsons
  Explicit · shiji:103:s0152