Emperor Xizong (僖宗)

Overview

The translated histories identify Emperor Xizong as a royal family member and ruler. This record brings together 25 passages from 11 chapters across 4 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Emperor Xizong	僖宗	Xizong
Title	Emperor	僖宗
Title	Emperor Xizong	僖宗
Temple	Emperor Xizong	僖宗
Temple name	Emperor Xizong	僖宗	Xizong
Temple name	Emperor Xizong	僖宗
Temple name	Emperor Xizong	唐僖宗	Tang Xizong
Temple	Emperor Xizong	僖宗	Xīzōng
Title	Emperor Xizong of Tang	唐僖宗	Tang Xizong
Title	Prince of Pu	普王
Title	Son of Heaven	天子	Tianzi
Title	Son of Heaven	天子
Title	Tang Emperor Xizong	唐僖宗
Temple	Tang Xizong	唐僖宗	Táng Xīzōng
Title	the Son of Heaven	天子
Temple name	Xizong	僖宗	Xizong

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiutangshu:181:s0081, jiuwudaishi:020:s0013, jiuwudaishi:071:s0026, xinwudaishi:038:s0006
Sex: male
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:017:s0006, jiuwudaishi:024:s0003, jiuwudaishi:062:s0032, xintangshu:113:s0249
Value: male
Explicit · xintangshu:184:s0183

Roles

Royal Family Member
Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 中和三年至光啟二年 · Western Interval: Start: AD 883 · End: AD 886
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:017:s0052, jiuwudaishi:017:s0053
Source Date: Text: 中和元年 · Western Year: AD 881
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:062:s0032
Source Date: Text: 中和至文德 · Western Interval: Start: AD 881 · End: AD 888
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0092, jiutangshu:181:s0143
Source Date: Text: 僖宗 · Western Interval: Start: AD 873 · End: AD 888
Explicit event contextual date · xintangshu:113:s0249
Source Date: Text: 僖宗 · Western Year: AD 870
Explicit · jiutangshu:185:s0083
Source Date: Text: 僖宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 873 · End: AD 888
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:185:s0083, xintangshu:184:s0183
Source Date: Text: 僖宗朝 · Western Interval: Start: AD 873 · End: AD 888
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0003, jiuwudaishi:024:s0005
Source Date: Text: 咸通十一年 · Western Year: AD 870
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0081
Source Date: Text: 唐僖宗時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 873 · End: AD 888
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:071:s0026, xinwudaishi:038:s0006
Source Date: Text: 廣明中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 880 · End: AD 881
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:024:s0078
Source Date: Text: 廣明初 · Western Year: AD 880
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:020:s0013
Source Date: Text: 武皇之起雲中 · Western Year: AD 878
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:050:s0006
Source Date: Text: 黃巢犯闕 · Western Interval: Start: AD 880 · End: AD 881
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:050:s0011

Career and standing

Label: Emperor of Tang / 唐僖宗
Explicit · xintangshu:113:s0249
Action: succeeded to throne · Western Interval: Start: AD 873 · End: AD 888 · Source Date: Text: 僖宗立
Explicit · xintangshu:184:s0183

Places and affiliations

Label: Tang / 唐 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0003
Label: Tang / 唐 · Relation: served
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0081
Polity: Tang / 唐 · Relation: ruled
Strongly inferred · xintangshu:113:s0249
Polity Name: Tang · Relation: served-or-associated
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:020:s0013
Place: Shu / 蜀 · Relation: fled-to
Explicit · jiutangshu:181:s0092

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: appointer · Action: appointed-Wang-Hui · Other Person Id: Wang Hui (王徽)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:062:s0032
Kind: flight · Role: ruler · Action: fled-to-Shu · Place: Shu / 蜀 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 廣明中 · Western Interval: Start: AD 880 · End: AD 881
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0078
Kind: travel · Role: fugitive · Action: fled-to · Place: Shu / 蜀
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:050:s0011
Kind: return · Role: ruler · Action: returned-to-capital
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:024:s0080

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 181Volume 177 Biographies 127: Cui Shenyou, Cui Gong, Lu Jun, Pei Xiu, Yang Shou, Wei Baoheng, Lu Yan, Xiao Houzi, Liu Zhan, Liu Zhuan, Cao Que, Bi Xian, Du Shenquan, Liu Ye, Dou Luzhan · 4 passages

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時僖宗爲普王，即降詔遙領節度，授允忠左散騎常侍、兼御史中丞，充節度觀察留後。 Emperor Xizong was then still Prince of Pu; an edict at once named him to hold the command in absentia and appointed Yunzhong Left Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary, concurrent Censor-in-Chief, and acting military governor and observation commissioner.

時僖宗在蜀，寇盜蜂起，簡據有六州，甲兵強盛，竊懷僭亂之志，且欲啟其封疆，乃舉兵攻河陽，爽棄城而走。 The emperor was then in Shu while rebels swarmed the land. Jian held six prefectures and a powerful army; nursing secret ambitions of rebellion and eager to enlarge his domain, he marched on Heyang, and Shuang abandoned the city and fled.

僖宗自蜀回，加開府儀同三司，冊拜司徒。 When Emperor Xizong returned from Shu, Yanzhen received the honorary rank of Grand General of the Palace with the Three Excellencies and was enfeoffed as Grand Tutor.

僖宗聞之，文德元年四月，詔加工部尚書，權知節度留後。 When Emperor Xizong learned of it, in the fourth month of the first year of Wende he was made Minister of Public Works and authorized as acting military governor.

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 185Volume 181 Biographies 131: Shi Xiancheng, Zi Xiaozhang, He Jintao, Han Yunzhong, Li Yanzhen, Luo Hongxin · 4 passages

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時僖宗為普王，即降詔遙領節度，授允忠左散騎常侍、兼御史中丞，充節度觀察留後。 Emperor Xizong was then Prince of Pu; he immediately issued an edict appointing Yunzhong Left Regular Attendant-in-Ordinary and concurrent Censor-in-Chief as acting military governor and observation commissioner.

僖宗自蜀回，加開府儀同三司，冊拜司徒。 When Emperor Xizong returned from Shu, Yanzhen was made Grand General with Honorary Staff of Three Offices and ceremonially appointed Minister of Education.

僖宗聞之，文德元年四月，詔加工部尚書，權知節度留後。 When Emperor Xizong learned of this, in the fourth month of Wende 1 he was made Minister of Works and acting military governor.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 17Volume 17 Book of Later Liang 17: Biographies 7: Cheng Rui, Du Hong, Tian Yun, Zhao Kuangning, Zhang Ji, Lei Man · 3 passages

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唐僖宗朝，為蔡州軍校，領本郡兵戍荊南，帥以其凶暴，欲害之，遂棄本軍奔於秭歸。 Under Xizong he was a Caizhou officer garrisoning Jingnan until his commander, fearing his violence, tried to kill him; he fled to Zigui with his troops.

〈（《新唐書》：光啟二年，洪乘虛入鄂，自為節度使留後，僖宗即拜本軍節度使。 (The 《New Book of Tang》 says that in Guangqi 2 Hong seized Ezhou, made himself acting commissioner, and Xizong confirmed him.)

中和三年，傳逐江西觀察使高茂卿，遂有洪州，僖宗擢傳江西團練使，俄拜鎮南節度使。）〉 (In Zhonghe 3 Chuan expelled Gao Maoqing from Jiangxi, took Hongzhou, and was made training commissioner, then Zhennan military commissioner.)〉

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 20Volume 20 Book of Later Liang 20: Biographies 10: Xie Tong, Si Maye, Liu Han, Wang Jinrao, Gao Shao, Ma Sixun, Zhang Cunjin, Kou Yanqing · 2 passages

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唐僖宗大悅，召入顧問，錫賚甚厚，以功授朝散大夫、太子率更令，賜紫，為陵州刺史。 Xizong rejoiced, called him in for counsel, heaped gifts upon him, and for his service made him Grand Master of the Palace and Director of the Crown Prince's water clocks, clothed him in purple, and gave him Lingzhou.

唐僖宗避敵在蜀，駢鎮淮南為都統，兼諸道鹽鐵使，兵賦在己，朝廷優假之，以故劭幸而早官，年十四遙領華州刺史。 While Xizong sheltered in Shu, Pian ruled Huainan as supreme commander and salt-and-iron commissioner with troops and taxes in his fist; the court indulged him, and Shao at fourteen was given distant command as prefect of Hua.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 24Volume 24 Book of Later Liang 24: Biographies 14: Li Ting, Lu Ceng, Sun Zhi, Zhang Jun, Zhang Yan, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin, Chou Yin, Duan Shen · 4 passages

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父縠，仕懿、僖朝，官至右諫議大夫。 His father Gu had served under Emperors Yizong and Xizong and reached the post of Right Remonstrance Grand Master.

僖宗朝，晉公王鐸提兵柄，鎮滑台，縠居賓席，鐸見珽，大賞歎之。 During Xizong's reign Duke of Jin Wang Duo held the armies at Huatai; Gu was among his retainers; when Duo met Ting he admired him greatly.

唐廣明中，黃巢犯京師，天子幸蜀，士皆竄伏窟穴，以保其生。 In Guangming Huang Chao took the capital; the emperor fled to Shu; scholars hid wherever they could to survive.

及僖宗還京師，由校書郎、西畿尉登朝為御史、補闕、起居郎、司勳員外、萬年縣令，以事黜官峽中，將十年。 When Xizong returned he rose from collating clerk and western capital district magistrate to censor, supplementation official, attendance director, acting director in the Bureau of Merit, and magistrate of Wan'ian; an offense sent him into exile in the gorges for nearly ten years.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 50Volume 50 Book of Later Tang 26: Biographies 2: Imperial Family · 2 passages

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武皇之起雲中，殺段文楚，朝議罪之，命加兵於我，懼，將逃歸，天子詔巡使王處存夜圍親仁坊捕克讓。 When Li Keyong rose in Yunzhong and killed Duan Wenchu, the court condemned him and ordered troops sent against the clan. Fearing arrest, he prepared to flee north, and the emperor ordered the commissioner Wang Chucun to surround Qinren Ward by night and capture Ke Rang.

黃巢犯闕，僖宗幸蜀，克讓時守潼關，為賊所敗，以部下六七騎伏於南山佛寺，夜為山僧所害。 When Huang Chao stormed the capital and Emperor Xizong fled to Shu, Ke Rang was holding Tong Pass. Routed by the rebels, he took refuge with only six or seven riders in a temple on South Mountain, where mountain monks killed him that night.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 2 passages

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僖宗自用舊宰相王徽領節度。 Emperor Xizong personally appointed the former chief minister Wang Hui as military governor.

時天子在西，河、關雲擾，方立擅地，而李克用窺潞州，徽度朝廷未能製，乃固讓昌圖。 The emperor was then in the west, the Yellow River region in chaos, Fangli holding his own ground, and Li Keyong eyeing Luzhou. Wang Hui concluded the court could not enforce its will and firmly declined in favor of Changtu.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 71Volume 71 Book of Later Tang 47: Biographies 23: Ma Yu, Si Kongting, Cao Tingyin, Xiao Xifu, Yao Zongzhi, Jia Fu, Ma Gao, Luo Guan, Chun Yuyan, Zhang Ge, Xu Ji, Zhou Xuanbao · 1 passage

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唐僖宗時，舉進士不中，屬天子播遷，三輔大亂，乃還鄉里。 Under Emperor Xizong he failed the jinshi examinations; when the court fled the capital and the central plain collapsed into chaos, he went home.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 113Volume 113 Biographies 38: Tang, Zhang, Xu · 1 passage

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子彥若，事僖宗為中書舍人。 His son Yanruo served Emperor Xizong as secretariat drafting officer.

New Book of Tang, Chapter 184Volume 184 Biographies 109: Ma, Yang, Lu, Lu · 1 passage

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僖宗立，進司徒。 When Emperor Xizong took the throne, he was advanced to Minister of Works.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 38Volume 38 Biographies 18: Zhang Chengye, Zhang Juhan · 1 passage

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張承業，字繼元，唐僖宗時宦者也。 Zhang Chengye, courtesy name Jiyuan, served as a palace eunuch under Tang Xizong.