Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Ruler

Fu Jian 苻堅

Attested AD 357 - AD 385

Passages: 13
Chapters: 6
Histories: 5

Overview

The translated histories identify Fu Jian as a ruler. This record brings together 13 passages from 6 chapters across 5 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Fu Jian	苻堅	Fu Jian
Surname	Fu	苻	Fú
Personal name	Fu Jian	苻堅	Fu Jian
Personal name	Fu Jian	苻堅	Fú Jiān
Given	Jian	堅	Jiān

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · beiqishu:031:s0003, liaoshi:104:s0048, weishu:030:s0005
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · nanqishu:017:s0011, songshi:359:s0016

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 太元中，苻堅敗後 · Western Year: AD 383
Explicit · nanqishu:017:s0011
Source Date: Text: 建國三十九年 · Western Year: AD 376
Explicit event contextual date · weishu:028:s0169
Source Date: Text: 昔苻堅以百萬眾侵晉 · Western Year: AD 383
Explicit · songshi:359:s0016
Source Date: Text: 昭成末年 · Western Year: AD 376
Explicit · weishu:030:s0005
Source Date: Text: 秦苻堅時 · Western Interval: Start: AD 357 · End: AD 385
Explicit event contextual date · beiqishu:031:s0003
Source Date: Text: 苻堅敗於謝玄 · Western Year: AD 383
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:104:s0048

Career and standing

Label: General of Guangwu / 廣武將軍 · Action: promoted-for · Other Person Id: Liu Kuren (劉庫仁)
Explicit · weishu:028:s0173

Places and affiliations

Polity: Former Qin · Relation: ruled
Explicit · nanqishu:017:s0011
Polity: Former Qin / 秦 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · beiqishu:031:s0003

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: authority · Action: appointed · Other Person Id: Liu Kuren (劉庫仁) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 昭成末年 · Western Year: AD 376
Explicit · weishu:030:s0005
Kind: marriage · Action: bestowed a Gongsun woman as wife on Liu Kuren
Explicit · weishu:028:s0178
Kind: military · Role: opponent · Action: defeated by Xie Xuan · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Yelü Zhao (耶律昭)
Explicit · liaoshi:104:s0048
Kind: military · Role: defeated · Action: defeated
Explicit · nanqishu:017:s0011
Kind: political · Action: divided the Dai tribes between Liu Kuren and Wei Chen
Explicit · weishu:028:s0169, weishu:028:s0170
Kind: military · Role: invader · Action: invaded · Other Person Id: Xie An (謝安)
Explicit · songshi:359:s0016

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 31Volume 31 Biographies 23: Wang Xin; Wang Xi · 1 passage

六世祖猛，秦苻堅丞相，家於華山之鄜城。 His sixth-generation ancestor Meng had been chancellor under Fu Jian of Former Qin; the family settled at Fucheng in Huashan.

History of Liao, Chapter 104Volume 104 Biographies 34: Literature 2 · 1 passage

故謝玄以八千破苻堅百萬，休哥以五隊敗曹彬十萬。 Thus Xie Xuan with eight thousand routed Fu Jian's million, and Xiuge with five detachments defeated Cao Bin's hundred thousand.

Book of Southern Qi, Chapter 17Volume 17 Treatises 9: Caraiges and Dress · 1 passage

太元中，苻堅敗後，又得偽車輦，於是屬車增爲十二乘。 In Taiyuan, after Fu Jian's defeat they seized Former Qin litters and raised the train to twelve carriages.

History of Song, Chapter 359Volume 359 Biographies 118: Li Gang 2 · 2 passages

昔苻堅以百萬眾侵晉，而謝安以偏師破之。 In the past Fu Jian invaded Jin with a million men, yet Xie An defeated him with a detached column.

故以魏武之雄，苻堅、石勒之眾，宇文、拓拔之盛，卒不能窺江表。 Thus even the prowess of Cao Cao, the vast hosts of Fu Jian and Shi Le, and the power of the Yuwen and Tuoba clans could not in the end threaten the lands south of the Yangzi.

Book of Wei, Chapter 28Volume 23: Wei Cao, Mo Han, Liu Kuren · 7 passages

建國三十九年，昭成暴崩，太祖未立，苻堅以庫仁為陵江將軍、關內侯，令與衞辰分國部眾而統之。 In Jianguo year 39 Emperor Zhaocheng died suddenly before Taizu could be enthroned; Fu Jian made Liu Kuren General Who Commands the River and Marquis Within the Passes and set him with Wei Chen to divide and govern the tribal following.

苻堅進庫仁廣武將軍，給幢麾鼓蓋，儀比諸侯。 Fu Jian promoted him to General of Guangwu and granted the insignia of banner, canopy, drums, and parasol, with ceremony equal to a feudal lord.

衞辰怒，殺堅五原太守而叛，攻庫仁西部。 Wei Chen flew into rage, murdered Fu Jian's administrator of Wuyuan, rebelled, and struck Liu Kuren's western lands.

苻堅賜庫仁妻公孫氏，厚其資送。 Fu Jian bestowed a Gongsun woman on Liu Kuren as his wife and provided her with a rich dowry.

庫仁又詣堅，加庫仁振威將軍。 Liu Kuren went again to Fu Jian's court and was raised to General Who Quells Might.

後慕容垂圍苻丕于鄴，又遣將平規攻堅幽州刺史王永于薊，庫仁自以受堅爵命，遣妻兄公孫希率騎三千，助永擊規，大破之，阬規降卒五千餘人。 When Murong Chui besieged Fu Pi at Ye and sent Ping Gui against Fu Jian's Youzhou inspector Wang Yong at Ji, Liu Kuren—still loyal to the titles Fu Jian had given him—sent his brother-in-law Gongsun Xi with three thousand horse to help Yong rout Gui and massacre more than five thousand of Gui's men who had surrendered.

乃引苻堅并州刺史張蚝擊佛，破之。 He called in Fu Jian's Bingzhou inspector Zhang Hao, who defeated Jiefu.

Book of Wei, Chapter 30Volume 25: Zhang Sunsong, Zhangsun Daosheng · 1 passage

昭成末年，諸部乖亂，苻堅使劉庫仁攝國事，嵩與元他等率部眾歸之。 When Zhaocheng's reign was ending the tribes turned unruly; Fu Jian set Liu Kuren to govern the realm, and Song with Yuan Ta and the rest brought their people in to him.