Gangyi (剛毅) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Gangyi as an official and statesman. This record brings together 14 passages from 5 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Gangyi	剛毅	Gangyi
Personal	Gang Yi	剛毅	Gang Yi
Personal name	Gangyi	剛毅	Gangyi
Personal name	Gangyi	剛毅
Courtesy	Ziliang	子良	Ziliang

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0160, qingshigao:466:s0116
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:465:s0029, qingshigao:467:s0002, qingshigao:471:s0033

Roles

Official
Statesman

Life and dates

Death

Manner: died of illness / 道遘疾…死 · Place: Houma / 侯馬鎮 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 西狩 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0053

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 二十六年 · Regnal Year: 26 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:466:s0116, qingshigao:466:s0013
Source Date: Text: 二十五年 · Western Year: AD 1899
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0042
Source Date: Text: 二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0044
Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:464:s0160, qingshigao:471:s0028, qingshigao:471:s0033
Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0041
Source Date: Text: 二十年 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0040
Source Date: Text: 光緒十一年 · Western Year: AD 1885
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0034
Source Date: Text: 居三年後剛毅入樞廷 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:467:s0032
Source Date: Text: 明年 · Western Year: AD 1886
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0037

Origins and identity

Ethnicity: Manchu / 滿洲
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0029

Career and standing

Label: Grand Councilor / 軍機大臣 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十年 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0040
Label: Vice Minister of Rites / 禮部侍郎 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十年 · Western Year: AD 1894
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0040
Label: intendant of Huizhou, Chaozhou, and Jiazhou / 廣東惠潮嘉道 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0032
Label: Assistant Grand Secretary / 協辦大學士 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0041
Label: Minister of Works / 工部尚書 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十四年 · Western Year: AD 1898
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0041
Label: clerk / 筆帖式 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0030
Label: Governor of Shanxi / 山西巡撫 · Action: promoted · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒十一年 · Western Year: AD 1885
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0034
Label: Director in Ministry of Justice / 刑部郎中 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0030
Label: Guangdong provincial treasurer / 廣東布政使 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0033
Label: Jiangxi surveillance commissioner / 江西按察使 · Action: promoted
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0032
Label: Governor of Jiangsu / 江蘇巡撫 · Action: transferred · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 明年 · Western Year: AD 1886
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0037
Label: Governor of Guangdong / 廣東巡撫 · Action: transferred
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0039
Label: Yunnan provincial treasurer / 雲南布政使 · Action: transferred
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0033
Label: Zhili surveillance commissioner / 直隸按察使 · Action: transferred
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0032
Label: offices posthumously revoked / 追奪原官 · Action: posthumous-deprivation
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0054

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0160, qingshigao:466:s0116
Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0029
Place: Bordered Blue Banner of the Manchus / 滿洲鑲藍旗
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0029

Works and attributed material

Work: What Magistrates Must Know / 牧令須知 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0035
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0163

Events and relationships

Kind: administration · Role: governor · Action: dredged-rivers-for-relief
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0038
Kind: travel · Role: escort · Action: escorted-court-west · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 兩宮西狩 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0051, qingshigao:465:s0052
Kind: legal · Role: judge · Action: exonerated-Ge-Bishi · Other Person Id: Ge Bishi (葛畢氏)
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0031
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: ordered-to-command-Boxers · Other Person Id: Zai Xun (載勳) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0048
Kind: legal · Role: investigator · Action: ordered-to-review
Explicit · qingshigao:471:s0033
Kind: legal · Role: supervisor · Action: supervised-beheading
Explicit · qingshigao:464:s0160
Kind: political · Role: supporter · Action: supported-Boxers · Other Person Id: Zaiyi (載漪) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十六年 · Regnal Year: 26 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:466:s0116, qingshigao:466:s0013
Kind: inspection · Role: inspector · Action: toured-Jiangnan-and-Guangdong · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 二十五年 · Western Year: AD 1899
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0042

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 464Volume 464 Biographies 251: Li Duanfen, Xu Zhijingzi, Ren Zhu, Chen Baozhen, Huang Zunxian, Ceng He, Yang Shenxiu, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, Tan Sitong With: Tang Caichang, Lin Xu, Kang Guangren · 2 passages

Open chapter

臨刑，協辦大學士剛毅監斬，光第詫曰：「未訊而誅，何哉？」 At the execution, Associate Grand Secretary Gangyi supervised the beheading, and Guangdi cried out in astonishment, "To execute a man without trial--why?"

剛毅默不應，再詢之，曰：「吾奉命監刑耳，他何知？」 Gangyi was silent and did not answer. When questioned again, he replied, "I am only here under orders to supervise the execution; what else would I know?"

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 465Volume 465 Biographies 252: Xu Tong With: Yu Shi, Yu Shi Son: Cheng Yu, Gang Yi, Zhao Shuqiao, Qi Xiu, Ying Nian, Yu Lu With: Ting Yong, Yu Xian With: Li Tingxiao · 9 passages

Open chapter

徐桐剛毅趙舒翹啟秀英年裕祿毓賢。 Xu Tong; Gang Yi; Zhao Shuqiao; Qi Xiu; Ying Nian; Yu Lu; Yu Xian.

剛毅，字子良，滿洲鑲藍旗人。 Gang Yi, whose style was Ziliang, came from the Bordered Blue Banner of the Manchus.

二十六年，拳亂作，命趙舒翹及剛毅馳往近畿一帶查辦解散，及還京覆命，而宣戰詔已先下矣。 In 1900, when the Boxer uprising erupted, Zhao Shuqiao and Gang Yi were dispatched to the capital outskirts to investigate and disperse the movement; by the time they returned to report, the declaration of war had already been issued.

太后愈信之，因命剛毅、載勳統之，比於官軍。 The Empress Dowager believed them still more and put Gang Yi and Zai Xun in command, treating the Boxers as the equal of regular troops.

詔各軍營會拏正法，盡拆所設神壇，並諭責剛毅、董福祥親自開導，勒令解散，卒不能阻。 Edicts ordered every garrison to arrest and execute offenders, tear down their altars, and commanded Gang Yi and Dong Fuxiang personally to disband the movement—yet nothing could stop it.

各國聯軍入犯，兩宮西狩，剛毅扈行至太原。 When the allied armies invaded, the court fled west; Gang Yi escorted the empresses as far as Taiyuan.

匪眾堅請褫提督聶士成職，剛毅踵至，許之。 the rebels demanded Grand Commissioner Nie Shicheng be removed; Gang Yi arrived after him and agreed.

拳匪亂作，以英年、載瀾副載勳、剛毅統之。 When the Boxer rising erupted, Ying Nian and Zai Lan were appointed deputies to Zai Xun and Gang Yi in commanding the movement.

至則謁端王載漪、莊王載勛、大學士剛毅，盛言拳民忠勇得神助。 In Beijing he visited Prince Duan, Prince Zhuang, and Grand Secretary Gang Yi, praising the militia's loyalty, courage, and supernatural aid.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 466Volume 466 Biographies 253: Xu Yongyi, Xu Jingcheng, Yuan Chang, Li Shan, Lian Yuan · 1 passage

Open chapter

拳民仇西教，載漪、剛毅助之，勢益橫，日夜圍攻使館，不能下。 Boxers hated Christianity; backed by Zaiyi and Gang Yi they grew bolder, besieging the legations day and night without success.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 1 passage

Open chapter

於是秉衡隱安陽，居三年，剛毅入樞廷，薦之起，入都。 Bingheng then withdrew to live quietly at Anyang. Three years later, when Gangyi joined the Grand Council and recommended him, he was summoned back to the capital.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 471Volume 471 Biographies 258: Sheng Xuanhuai, Rui Cheng · 1 passage

Open chapter

已而徐桐劾兩局有中飽，適剛毅按事南下，銜命察覆。 Soon Xu Tong accused both bureaus of skimming funds; Gangyi was then investigating in the south and was ordered to review the case.