Qing · Ruler

Gaozong 高宗

Attested AD 1736 - AD 1788

Passages: 37
Chapters: 1
Histories: 1

Overview

The translated histories identify Gaozong as a ruler. This record brings together 37 passages from 1 chapter across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong
Title	Emperor	上
Temple	Gaozong	高宗	Gaozong
Regnal	Qianlong	乾隆	Qianlong
Title	Your Majesty	皇上

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:327:s0007

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 三十一年 · Western Year: AD 1766
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:327:s0032, qingshigao:327:s0066
Source Date: Text: 乾隆元年 · Western Year: AD 1736
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:327:s0002, qingshigao:327:s0007
Source Date: Text: 五十三年 · Western Year: AD 1788
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:327:s0103

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Parent of Prince of Ding'an (定安親王)
Kinship Term: eldest imperial son / 長皇子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son · Subject Birth Order: 1
Spouse of Empress Xiaoxian (孝賢皇后)
Kinship Term: empress / 皇后 · Union Category: primary-marriage · Subject Role: husband · Object Role: wife

Places and affiliations

Label: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:327:s0007

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 327Volume 327 Biographies 114: Liu Zao, Yang Yingju, Yang Zhongying, Su Erxiang, Ming Rui · 37 passages

乞皇上慎始慮終，為天地惜物力，為國家培元氣，來歲諸工酌量停減。」 I beg Your Majesty to be careful at the outset and thoughtful to the end, to spare material resources for Heaven and Earth, to nurture the vital energy of the state, and to suspend or scale back the various works next year as appropriate."

上嘉納。 The Emperor praised and accepted the memorial.

上聞，諭曰：「如此方不愧四知！」 When the Emperor heard of it, he remarked, "Only in this way is one worthy of the Four Knowings!"

會大學士張廷玉乞歸失上指，因獎藻，謂其知君臣休戚相關大義，以媿廷玉，加藻內閣學士銜，賜人葠二斤，命歸養母。 At the time Grand Secretary Zhang Tingyu's request to retire had displeased the Emperor; the Emperor therefore praised Zao, saying that he understood the great principle that ruler and minister share weal and woe alike, so as to shame Zhang Tingyu. He granted Zao the title of Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, bestowed two jin of ginseng, and ordered him home to care for his mother.

二十九年，例行大計，巡撫圖爾炳阿未至，藻疏請先期舉行，上嘉之，旋授雲貴總督。 In the twenty-ninth year, at the regular grand evaluation of officials, Governor Tu Erbing'a had not yet arrived; Zao memorialized asking that it be held early. The Emperor commended this, and soon afterward appointed him Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou.

尋奏瓊詔等未死，請治貪功輕進之罪，上以「瓊詔、明浩等遇賊敗逃，又復妄言敗沒。 Soon afterward he memorialized that Qiongshao and the others were not dead and asked that they be punished for greed for merit and rash advance. The Emperor said, "Qiongshao, Ming Hao, and the others met the rebels and fled in defeat, yet falsely reported themselves lost in battle.

藻聞上怒，惶迫自殺，巡撫常鈞疏報。 When Zao heard of the Emperor's anger, he killed himself in panic; Governor Chang Jun memorialized to report it.

上令應琚至普洱，為求醫治療，傷平，傳旨逮問。 The Emperor ordered Yingju to go to Pu'er to seek medical treatment for him; when his wounds healed, an edict was sent to arrest and interrogate him.

常鈞旋奏藻死，上复詔責其張皇畏葸，旅襯歸葬，不得聽其家立碑書歷官事實。 Chang Jun soon memorialized that Zao was dead. The Emperor again issued an edict reproaching his alarm and timidity, ordered his coffin sent home for burial, and forbade his family to erect a stele recording his official career.

巡撫黃廷桂薦其才，高宗曰：「若能進於誠而擴充之，正未可量也。」 Governor Huang Tinggui recommended his talent; the Gaozong said, "If he can advance in sincerity and build upon it, his future is indeed hard to measure."

應琚曰：「屬國陪臣無上交。」 Yingju said, "Attendant ministers of a tributary state have no presentation to make to the superior court."

好語諭遣之，稱旨。 He received them with kind words of instruction and sent them on their way; this pleased the Emperor.

復以陝、甘非一督能治，請更西安總督為川陝總督，四川總督為巡撫，甘肅巡撫為總督，上遂命應琚督甘肅，陝西提鎮受節制，進太子太師。 He further argued that Shaanxi and Gansu were beyond the capacity of a single governor-general to govern, and requested that the Xi'an governor-general be renamed Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general, the Sichuan governor-general be reduced to provincial governor, and the Gansu governor be promoted to governor-general. The Emperor then ordered Yingju to govern Gansu with Shaanxi's commanders and brigades under his command, and promoted him to Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent.

帝嘉納，下其疏示中外。 The Emperor praised and accepted the memorial, and circulated it throughout the court and the provinces.

上移應珺雲貴總督視師。 The Emperor transferred Yang Yingju to Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou to take command of the army.

上以為能，賜珍物，官其孫茂齡藍翎侍衛。 The Emperor considered him capable, bestowed precious objects, and appointed his grandson Maoling a Blue Plume Imperial Bodyguard.

永昌知府陳大呂懼更初議，應琚乃往永昌受降，並為文檄緬，侈言水陸軍五十萬陳境上，不降即進討。 Yongchang Prefect Chen Dalv feared a reversal of the earlier plan; Yingju therefore went to Yongchang to accept surrender and also drafted a proclamation to Burma exaggerating that five hundred thousand land and water troops were arrayed on the border—if they did not submit, he would advance to chastise them.

緬遂大發兵溯金沙江而上。 Burma then sent a large army up the Jinsha River.

應琚聞警即遘疾，上命楊廷璋往代，遣侍衛福靈安攜御醫往診； When Yingju heard the alarm he immediately fell ill; the Emperor ordered Yang Tingzhang to replace him and sent Bodyguard Fuling'an with imperial physicians to examine him;

上察其偽，數訶責。 The Emperor perceived the deceit and reprimanded him repeatedly.

上視所進地圖，疑寇既屢敗，何以尚據內地土司境，降旨駁詰。 The Emperor examined the map submitted and wondered how, if the rebels had suffered repeated defeats, they could still hold territory within the domains of interior native offices; he issued an edict to refute and question the report.

應琚恐，乃上言大舉徵緬，調湖廣、川、滇軍五萬，五路並進，請敕暹羅夾攻，朝論皆斥之。 Yingju in fear then memorialized proposing a great campaign against Burma, mobilizing fifty thousand troops from Huguang, Sichuan, and Yunnan to advance in five columns, and requesting orders to Siam for a pincer attack—all were denounced at court.

上以重英且降緬，下其子長齡獄。 The Emperor thought Chongying was about to surrender to Burma and imprisoned his son Changling.

上大悅，進道員，釋長齡出獄，比以蘇武之節，御製蘇楊論旌之。 The Emperor was greatly pleased, promoted him to circuit intendant, released Changling from prison, compared him to the integrity of Su Wu, and composed the Discourse on Su and Yang to honor him.

三十五年，雲貴總督彰寶以緬甸表貢久不至，遣爾相齎檄往諭，被留，迫使上書阿桂申表貢之議。 In the thirty-fifth year, because Burma's tribute memorial had long failed to arrive, Governor-General Zhang Bao of Yunnan and Guizhou sent Erxiang bearing a proclamation to instruct them; he was detained and forced to write to Agui proposing the restoration of tribute.

上謂爾相且降緬，命甘肅疆吏執爾相妻孥致京師，子一、女二死於獄，妻死於道。 The Emperor thought Erxiang was about to surrender to Burma and ordered the border officials of Gansu to seize his wife and children and bring them to the capital; one son and two daughters died in prison, and his wife died on the road.

上命阿桂傳諭，令其詣京師，引見，授游擊，賜詩亦比以蘇武。 The Emperor ordered Agui to instruct him to come to the capital, granted him an audience, appointed him guerrilla officer, and in bestowing a poem also compared him to Su Wu.

明瑞疏陳素誠狂縱激變，及參贊納世通虐回民，阻援師，副都統弁塔哈掩敗妄奏諸狀，上令尚書阿桂至軍，按誅納世通、弁塔哈。 Ming Rui memorialized that Such eng's arrogance and license had provoked the uprising, that Coordinator Nashitong had abused the Muslims and blocked relief troops, and that Vice Commander-in-Chief Biantaha had concealed defeats and filed false reports; the Emperor ordered Minister Agui to the army to investigate and execute Nashitong and Biantaha.

上以明瑞得渠魁，未詳鞫為亂狀，亂回至圍急始縛獻首惡，不可輕宥，所措置皆不當，與阿桂同下部議，奪職，命留任。 The Emperor held that although Ming Rui had obtained the ringleader, he had not thoroughly investigated the facts of the rebellion; the rebel Muslims had only bound and presented the chief culprit when the siege grew desperate and could not be lightly pardoned; all his dispositions were improper. He and Agui were both referred to the Board, stripped of office, and ordered to remain at their posts.

旋條上善後事，如所請。 Soon afterward he submitted a detailed plan for post-pacification measures, and it was approved as requested.

捷聞，上大悅，封一等誠嘉毅勇公，賜黃帶、寶石頂、四團龍補服，原襲承恩公畀其弟奎林。 When news of the victory arrived the Emperor was greatly pleased. He enfeoffed Ming Rui as Duke of the First Rank, Sincere and Commendable, Resolute and Brave, granted him a yellow belt, jeweled finial, and surcoat with four-dragon roundels, and transferred the original inheritance of Duke of Enfeoffment to his younger brother Kuilin.

明瑞令別軍出大道，若將奪渡口，而督軍從間道繞至天生橋上游，乘霧徑渡，進據山梁。 Ming Rui sent a separate force out on the main road as if to seize the crossing, while he himself led the army by a hidden path around to the upper reaches of Tiansheng Bridge, crossed directly through the fog, and seized the hill ridge.

明旦賊聞聲，蟻附上山。 At dawn the rebels heard the signals and swarmed up the mountain like ants.

上聞明瑞深入，命全師速出。 When the Emperor heard that Ming Rui had penetrated deeply, he ordered the entire army to withdraw quickly.

事聞，上震悼，賜祭葬，諡果烈。 When word arrived the Emperor was shaken with grief, granted sacrificial funeral rites, and gave him the posthumous title Guolie.

額爾登額及提督譚五格坐失機陷帥，逮詣京師，上廷鞫，用大逆律磔額爾登額，囚其父及女，並族屬戍新疆； E'erdeng'e and Regional Commander-in-Chief Tan Wuge were punished for missing their opportunity and causing the commander's destruction; they were arrested and brought to the capital. The Emperor tried them at court, had E'erdeng'e dismembered under the law of great treason, imprisoned his father and daughter, and exiled his clansmen to Xinjiang;

譚五格亦棄市，而以其明日祭明瑞及扎拉豐阿、觀音保，上親臨奠。 Tan Wuge was also executed in the market. On the following day, when sacrifices were offered to Ming Rui, Zhala Feng'a, and Guanyinbao, the Emperor personally attended.