1
=劉藻=劉藻，字素存，山東菏澤人。 初名玉麟，以舉人授觀城教諭，乾隆元年，薦舉博學鴻詞，試一等，授檢討，更名。 累遷左僉都御史。 圓明園工興，疏言：「園工不過少加補葺，視前代飾臺榭之觀者度越何啻萬萬？ 臣愚以為奢靡之漸，不可稍開。 乞皇上慎始慮終，為天地惜物力，為國家培元氣，來歲諸工酌量停減。」 上嘉納。 遷通政使。 六年，擢內閣學士。 督江蘇學政。 尋以高郵諸生求賑而閧，左授宗人府府丞。 藻居揚州候代，有吳之黼者，以文求教，藻行，饋糟魚，受之，中途發視，得白金四百，藻畀兩淮運使硃續晫還之黼。 上聞，諭曰：「如此方不愧四知！」 旋乞養歸。 孝賢皇后及長皇子定安親王喪，藻詣闕入見。 會大學士張廷玉乞歸失上指，因獎藻，謂其知君臣休戚相關大義，以媿廷玉，加藻內閣學士銜，賜人葠二斤，命歸養母。 母喪終，二十一年，授陝西布政使。
Liu Zao, styled Sucun, was a native of Heze in Shandong. Originally named Yulin, he received appointment as instructor at Guancheng on the strength of his juren degree. In the first year of the Qianlong reign he was recommended for the special examination in erudite learning and polished composition, ranked in the first class, appointed a reviser in the Hanlin Academy, and given his present name. He rose through successive posts to Left Assistant Censor-in-Chief. When construction at the Yuanming Garden began, he submitted a memorial: "The work on the garden amounts to little more than patching and repair—how can it be compared, by countless degrees, with the lavish pavilions and terraces of earlier dynasties? Your servant is convinced that the first steps toward extravagance must not be opened even slightly. I beg Your Majesty to be careful at the outset and thoughtful to the end, to spare material resources for Heaven and Earth, to nurture the vital energy of the state, and to suspend or scale back the various works next year as appropriate." The Emperor praised and accepted the memorial. He was transferred to Vice Commissioner of the Court of Transmission. In the sixth year of the reign he was promoted to Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat. He served as educational commissioner of Jiangsu. Soon afterward, because students from Gaoyou had rioted while petitioning for relief grain, he was demoted to Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan. While Zao was staying in Yangzhou awaiting reassignment, a man named Wu Zhifu sought his instruction in literature. When Zao set out on his journey, Zhifu presented pickled fish as a gift; he accepted it, but on the road opened it and found four hundred taels of silver inside. Zao entrusted the money to the Lianghuai grain transport commissioner Zhu Xuzhe to return it to Zhifu. When the Emperor heard of it, he remarked, "Only in this way is one worthy of the Four Knowings!" He soon requested leave to return home and care for his mother. During the mourning for Empress Xiaoxian and for the Prince of Ding'an, the eldest imperial son, Zao came to the capital for an audience. At the time Grand Secretary Zhang Tingyu's request to retire had displeased the Emperor; the Emperor therefore praised Zao, saying that he understood the great principle that ruler and minister share weal and woe alike, so as to shame Zhang Tingyu. He granted Zao the title of Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat, bestowed two jin of ginseng, and ordered him home to care for his mother. When his period of mourning for his mother ended, in the twenty-first year of the reign he was appointed Financial Commissioner of Shaanxi.
2
二十二年，擢雲南巡撫。 加太子少保，兼領貴州巡撫。 二十九年，例行大計，巡撫圖爾炳阿未至，藻疏請先期舉行，上嘉之，旋授雲貴總督。 三十年，疏言：「年來木梳野匪與緬甸所屬木邦構釁，又與耿馬土司毗連。 自木邦至滾弄江，應設卡防守，請於各土司就近派撥。」 詔如所請。 三十一年，移湖廣總督，未行，尋奏：「副將趙宏榜等赴孟連、耿馬剿逐莽匪，鎮臣烏爾登額赴滾弄江口。 臣於普洱、思茅各隘調度。」 又奏言：「由小猛崙進攻九龍江、橄欖壩諸寨，多斬獲。 惟參將何瓊詔、游擊明浩派赴整控江防禦，冒昧渡江，遇賊敗沒。」 尋奏瓊詔等未死，請治貪功輕進之罪，上以「瓊詔、明浩等遇賊敗逃，又復妄言敗沒。 此法所難宥，藻反稱冒昧貪功輕進，何憒憒乃爾」？ 詔言：「藻本書生，軍行機宜，非其所習，朕不責以所不能。 至調度賞罰，並可力為籌辦，乃舛謬若此，豈堪复勝總督之任？」 因左授湖北巡撫，命楊應琚往代。 复諭：「應琚未至，藻當實力經理。 若自以為五日京兆，致誤事機，必重治其罪！」 部議奪職，留雲南效力。 藻聞上怒，惶迫自殺，巡撫常鈞疏報。 上令應琚至普洱，為求醫治療，傷平，傳旨逮問。 常鈞旋奏藻死，上复詔責其張皇畏葸，旅襯歸葬，不得聽其家立碑書歷官事實。
In the twenty-second year he was promoted to Governor of Yunnan. He was given the rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and concurrently served as Governor of Guizhou. In the twenty-ninth year, at the regular grand evaluation of officials, Governor Tu Erbing'a had not yet arrived; Zao memorialized asking that it be held early. The Emperor commended this, and soon afterward appointed him Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou. In the thirtieth year he memorialized: "In recent years the Musuo bandits have clashed with Mohang, which is subject to Burma, and their territory also adjoins the Gengma native office. From Mohang to the Gunong River, guard posts ought to be established for defense; he asked that men be assigned from the nearest native offices." An imperial decree approved his request. In the thirty-first year he was transferred to Governor-General of Huguang but had not yet set out when he soon memorialized: "Brigadier Zhao Hongbang and others have gone to Menglian and Gengma to pursue and drive off the Mang bandits, while Commander Wu Erden'e has gone to the mouth of the Gunong River. Your servant will coordinate affairs at the various passes of Pu'er and Simao." He also reported: "Advancing from Xiaomenglun against the stockades at Jiulong River, Ganlanba, and elsewhere, our forces killed and captured many of the enemy. Only Regiment Commander He Qiongshao and Guerrilla Officer Ming Hao, whom I had sent to defend the Zhengkong River, rashly crossed the river, met the rebels, and were reported lost in battle." Soon afterward he memorialized that Qiongshao and the others were not dead and asked that they be punished for greed for merit and rash advance. The Emperor said, "Qiongshao, Ming Hao, and the others met the rebels and fled in defeat, yet falsely reported themselves lost in battle. This is unpardonable by law, yet Zao instead calls it rashness and greed for merit. How muddled can he be"? An edict stated: "Zao was originally a scholar; the conduct of military affairs is not what he has practiced, and We do not blame him for what he cannot do. Yet in dispatching troops and in rewards and punishments he could have exerted himself fully—instead he has been so wrong-headed. How can he again be fit to hold the post of governor-general?" He was therefore demoted to Governor of Hubei, and Yang Yingju was ordered to replace him. Another edict instructed: "Before Yingju arrives, Zao must manage affairs in earnest. If he treats himself as a short-term official with no stake in the outcome and thereby causes military affairs to miscarry, he will surely be severely punished!" The Board recommended stripping him of office, but he was retained in Yunnan to serve. When Zao heard of the Emperor's anger, he killed himself in panic; Governor Chang Jun memorialized to report it. The Emperor ordered Yingju to go to Pu'er to seek medical treatment for him; when his wounds healed, an edict was sent to arrest and interrogate him. Chang Jun soon memorialized that Zao was dead. The Emperor again issued an edict reproaching his alarm and timidity, ordered his coffin sent home for burial, and forbade his family to erect a stele recording his official career.
3
三十二年，巡撫鄂寧奏言：「緬甸本莽瑞體之後。 乾隆十八年，木梳頭目甕籍牙逐其酋莽打喇而自立。 夷人遂呼緬甸為木梳，或呼緬，或呼莽，非二種也。」
In the thirty-second year, Governor E'ning memorialized: "Burma is descended from Mang Ruiti. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong, the Musuo chieftain Weng Jiaya drove out his ruler Mang Dala and established himself in power. The tribesmen then called Burma Musuo, or simply Mian, or Mang—they are not two separate states."
4
=楊應琚=楊應琚，字佩之，漢軍正白旗人，廣東巡撫文乾子。 應琚起家任子。 乾隆初，自員外郎出為河東道，調西寧道。 巡撫黃廷桂薦其才，高宗曰：「若能進於誠而擴充之，正未可量也。」 累遷至兩廣總督。 先後疏請練水師，籌軍食，修漓水、陡河堤壩，貯柳、桂、慶、梧餘鹽，皆如所請行。 暹羅貢使毆傷通事，其國王鞫實，擬罰鍰，遣使牒禮部。 應琚曰：「屬國陪臣無上交。」 好語諭遣之，稱旨。 二十二年，移閩浙總督。 二十三年，加太子太保。
Yang Yingju, styled Peizhi, was a Bannerman of the Plain White Banner of the Han Army and the son of Wen Qian, Governor of Guangdong. Yingju began his career through the hereditary privilege of an official's son. In the early Qianlong years he left his post as Bureau Director to serve as Intendant of Hedong, and was later transferred to Xining Circuit. Governor Huang Tinggui recommended his talent; the Gaozong said, "If he can advance in sincerity and build upon it, his future is indeed hard to measure." He rose through successive promotions to Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi. He successively memorialized to train naval forces, provision the army, repair the dikes on the Li and Dou Rivers, and store surplus salt from Liu, Gui, Qing, and Wu; all his requests were approved and carried out. A Siamese tribute envoy beat a court attendant; the king of that country investigated the facts, proposed a fine, and sent a messenger to lodge a memorial with the Ministry of Rites. Yingju said, "Attendant ministers of a tributary state have no presentation to make to the superior court." He received them with kind words of instruction and sent them on their way; this pleased the Emperor. In the twenty-second year he was transferred to Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang. In the twenty-third year he was given the rank of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.
5
二十四年，移陝甘總督。 疏言伊犁底定，宜先屯田，留兵五千墾特諾果爾、長吉、羅克倫。 復以陝、甘非一督能治，請更西安總督為川陝總督，四川總督為巡撫，甘肅巡撫為總督，上遂命應琚督甘肅，陝西提鎮受節制，進太子太師。 嘗募巴爾楚克回戶治多蘭溝渠，墾喀喇沙爾以西各台，又增置兵備道、總兵，分駐阿克蘇、葉爾羌二城，逐為重鎮。 應琚奏辦屯墾，遣兵購畜，部署紛煩； 至是，疏自言其非，請因利乘便規久遠。 帝嘉納，下其疏示中外。 二十九年，移駐肅州，拜東閣大學士。
In the twenty-fourth year he was transferred to Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu. He memorialized that with Yili pacified, colonization should come first, and that five thousand troops should remain to open fields at Tenoguo'er, Changji, and Luokelun. He further argued that Shaanxi and Gansu were beyond the capacity of a single governor-general to govern, and requested that the Xi'an governor-general be renamed Sichuan-Shaanxi governor-general, the Sichuan governor-general be reduced to provincial governor, and the Gansu governor be promoted to governor-general. The Emperor then ordered Yingju to govern Gansu with Shaanxi's commanders and brigades under his command, and promoted him to Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He once recruited Balchuk Muslim households to work the Duolan canal, opened farming terraces west of Karashahr, and added military preparedness circuits and regional commanders stationed at Aksu and Yarkand, thereby turning them into key garrisons. Yingju had memorialized on organizing colonization, dispatching troops to purchase livestock, and making arrangements that were numerous and vexatious; at this point he memorialized acknowledging his errors and asked to take advantage of circumstances and plan for the long term. The Emperor praised and accepted the memorial, and circulated it throughout the court and the provinces. In the twenty-ninth year he moved his headquarters to Suzhou and was appointed Grand Secretary of the Eastern Pavilion.
6
三十一年，緬甸大入邊，滇事棘。 緬酋莽達拉自為木梳長所篡，擊敗貴家木邦，貴酋宮裹雁奔孟連。 時應琚子重穀為永昌知府，誘殺之，木酋亦走。 緬益橫，入犯思茅。 上移應珺雲貴總督視師。 應琚至楚雄，緬人漸退，師乘間收復。 應琚往孟良、整賣正經界，集流亡，釐戶口，定賦稅，而令召丙、叭先俸分據之，請賞給三品指揮使。 上以為能，賜珍物，官其孫茂齡藍翎侍衛。 又使人誘致孟密、孟養、蠻暮令獻地，實則地懸緬境，內附特空言。 諸將希應琚指，爭謂緬勢孤，易攻取。 應琚初猶弗聽，曰：「吾官至一品，年逾七十，復何所求，而以貪功開邊釁乎？」 副將趙宏榜慫恿之，遂下道、鎮、府、州合議，亦謂寇勢大，邊釁不可開，總兵烏爾登額阻尤力，應琚滋不懌。
In the thirty-first year Burma invaded the border on a large scale, and affairs in Yunnan became critical. The Burmese chief Mang Dala had been usurped by the Musuo chief; he defeated the Guizhou Mohang, and the Guizhou chief Gong Guyan fled to Menglian. At that time Yingju's son Chonggu was prefect of Yongchang; he lured Gong Guyan and killed him, and the Mohang chief also fled. Burma grew more overbearing and invaded Simao. The Emperor transferred Yang Yingju to Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou to take command of the army. When Yingju reached Chuxiong, the Burmese gradually withdrew, and the army seized the opportunity to recover lost ground. Yingju went to Mengliang and Zhenmai to rectify the border, gathered refugees, sorted household registers, fixed tax levies, and had Zhao Bing and Baxianfeng hold portions of the territory, requesting that they be granted the rank of third-grade battalion commander. The Emperor considered him capable, bestowed precious objects, and appointed his grandson Maoling a Blue Plume Imperial Bodyguard. He also sent men to induce Mengmi, Mengyang, and Manmu to offer territory, but in fact the land lay within Burma's borders, and their submission was merely empty talk. The generals, hoping to please Yingju, all contended that Burma was isolated and easy to attack. At first Yingju would not listen, saying, "My rank has reached the first grade and I am over seventy—what more do I seek, that I should open border war through greed for merit?" Brigadier Zhao Hongbang urged him on; he then convened a joint consultation of circuits, commands, prefectures, and departments. They too said the enemy force was large and border war must not be opened; Regional Commander Wu Erden'e opposed most strongly, and Yingju grew increasingly displeased.
7
永昌知府陳大呂懼更初議，應琚乃往永昌受降，並為文檄緬，侈言水陸軍五十萬陳境上，不降即進討。 緬遂大發兵溯金沙江而上。 其時宏榜頓新街，卻走。 應琚聞警即遘疾，上命楊廷璋往代，遣侍衛福靈安攜御醫往診； 並諭其子江蘇按察使重英、寶慶知府重穀省視。 比廷璋至而疾已愈，乃令諸軍進擊，總兵硃崙出鐵壁關，攻楞木，不克，寇勢益張。 提督李時升告急，應琚不報。 緬陽議款，遂以楞木大捷入告，而緬已漸入戶臘撒。
Yongchang Prefect Chen Dalv feared a reversal of the earlier plan; Yingju therefore went to Yongchang to accept surrender and also drafted a proclamation to Burma exaggerating that five hundred thousand land and water troops were arrayed on the border—if they did not submit, he would advance to chastise them. Burma then sent a large army up the Jinsha River. At that time Hongbang was stationed at Xinjie and retreated. When Yingju heard the alarm he immediately fell ill; the Emperor ordered Yang Tingzhang to replace him and sent Bodyguard Fuling'an with imperial physicians to examine him; he also instructed his sons, Jiangsu Surveillance Commissioner Chongying and Baqing Prefect Chonggu, to visit and look after him. By the time Tingzhang arrived the illness had already passed; he then ordered the armies to advance. Regional Commander Zhu Lun went out through Tiewu Pass to attack Lengmu without success, and the rebels grew bolder. Regional Commander-in-Chief Li Shisheng reported urgency, but Yingju did not respond. Burma feigned willingness to negotiate peace; he therefore reported a great victory at Lengmu, while Burma had already gradually penetrated Huluosa.
8
時總兵劉德成擁兵幹崖，飲酒高會，時升屢趣罔應。 應琚遣緬寧通判富森持令箭督戰，德成始抵盞達。 緬懼擊其後，潛引去，應琚仍以捷聞。 緬甸復入猛卯，參將哈國興等引還，砲械多遺失，應琚又報捷； 並傳令硃崙兼剿撫，陰示以和蕆事，緬果累乞和。 逾歲，奏言：「緬甸酋弟卜坑率聶渺遮乞款附，懇予蠻暮、新街互市。」 上察其偽，數訶責。 嗣木邦告警，國興軍抵蠻暮，寇★K4退，應琚又以復新街奏。 上視所進地圖，疑寇既屢敗，何以尚據內地土司境，降旨駁詰。 會福靈安先被命廉軍事，具言宏榜諸人失守狀，應琚亦劾德成等遲留不進，於是俱逮問，而以楊寧為提督，且以應琚不勝任，召明瑞代統其軍。 明瑞至，首發其欺罔罪，謂誤木緬別為一事尤妄誕，鄂寧亦糾其掩敗為勝。 應琚恐，乃上言大舉徵緬，調湖廣、川、滇軍五萬，五路並進，請敕暹羅夾攻，朝論皆斥之。 未幾，詔逮問，賜死。 重穀亦坐笞殺人，棄市。
At that time Regional Commander Liu Decheng held troops at Ganya, drinking and feasting at leisure; Shisheng repeatedly urged him but received no response. Yingju dispatched Dianning Subprefect Fu Sen with a command arrow to supervise the battle; only then did Decheng reach Zhanda. Burma feared an attack from the rear and quietly withdrew; Yingju still reported victory. Burma again entered Mengmao; Regiment Commander Ha Guoxing and others led the troops back, and much artillery was lost; Yingju again reported victory; and transmitted orders for Zhu Lun to combine suppression and appeasement, secretly indicating that peace was to be concluded; Burma indeed repeatedly begged for peace. After a year he memorialized: "Burma's chief's younger brother Bokeng led Ni Miaozhe to beg to submit, earnestly requesting permission to trade at Manmu and Xinjie." The Emperor perceived the deceit and reprimanded him repeatedly. Then Mohang sounded the alarm; Guoxing's army reached Manmu and the bandits retreated; Yingju again memorialized that Xinjie had been recovered. The Emperor examined the map submitted and wondered how, if the rebels had suffered repeated defeats, they could still hold territory within the domains of interior native offices; he issued an edict to refute and question the report. At the time Fuling'an had already been ordered to investigate military affairs in detail; he reported how Hongbang and others had lost their posts. Yingju also impeached Decheng and others for delay in advancing; they were all arrested and brought up for interrogation. Yang Ning was made Regional Commander-in-Chief, and because Yingju was unfit for his post, Ming Rui was summoned to take command of the army. When Ming Rui arrived he first exposed his deceit, saying that treating Musuo and Burma as separate matters was especially absurd; E'ning also impeached him for masking defeat as victory. Yingju in fear then memorialized proposing a great campaign against Burma, mobilizing fifty thousand troops from Huguang, Sichuan, and Yunnan to advance in five columns, and requesting orders to Siam for a pincer attack—all were denounced at court. Before long an edict ordered his arrest and interrogation; he was granted death. Chonggu was also punished for beating a man to death and was executed in the market.
9
重英初至雲南，隱以監軍自居，嗣為鄂寧所劾，命以知府從軍。 明年，軍士患飢，緬嗛詐媾和，參贊珠魯訥遣重英往報，被執。 上以重英且降緬，下其子長齡獄。 已，緬歸俘卒，賚貝葉書，附重英書乞罷兵，拒弗納。 四十一年，緬出都司蘇爾相議和，仍弗許。 五十三年，緬聞暹羅受封，乃款關求貢，並還重英。 重英陷緬後，獨居佛寺逾二十年，未改中國衣冠。 上大悅，進道員，釋長齡出獄，比以蘇武之節，御製蘇楊論旌之。 俄，病卒。
When Chongying first came to Yunnan, he quietly acted as military overseer; later impeached by E'ning, he was ordered to follow the army in the capacity of prefect. The next year the soldiers suffered famine; Burma used the famine to feign negotiating peace; Coordinator Zhulun'e sent Chongying to report back and he was captured. The Emperor thought Chongying was about to surrender to Burma and imprisoned his son Changling. Later Burma returned captive soldiers and sent a palm-leaf letter with Chongying's letter begging that troops be withdrawn; this was refused. In the forty-first year Burma sent Metropolitan Commander Su Erxiang to negotiate peace; this was still not permitted. In the fifty-third year, hearing that Siam had received investiture, Burma opened the border pass to seek tribute and also returned Chongying. After Chongying fell into Burmese hands, he lived alone in a Buddhist temple for more than twenty years without changing his Chinese dress. The Emperor was greatly pleased, promoted him to circuit intendant, released Changling from prison, compared him to the integrity of Su Wu, and composed the Discourse on Su and Yang to honor him. Soon afterward he died of illness.
10
=蘇爾相=蘇爾相，甘肅靈州人。 自行伍從征緬甸、金川有勞，累遷雲南奇兵營都司。 三十五年，雲貴總督彰寶以緬甸表貢久不至，遣爾相齎檄往諭，被留，迫使上書阿桂申表貢之議。 上謂爾相且降緬，命甘肅疆吏執爾相妻孥致京師，子一、女二死於獄，妻死於道。 四十一年，緬始送爾相還。 上命阿桂傳諭，令其詣京師，引見，授游擊，賜詩亦比以蘇武。 累遷騰越鎮總兵，兼署雲南提督。 卒。
Su Erxiang was a native of Lingzhou in Gansu. Rising from the ranks, he took part in campaigns against Burma and Jinchuan with distinction and was repeatedly promoted to Metropolitan Commander of the Yunnan Irregular Forces Battalion. In the thirty-fifth year, because Burma's tribute memorial had long failed to arrive, Governor-General Zhang Bao of Yunnan and Guizhou sent Erxiang bearing a proclamation to instruct them; he was detained and forced to write to Agui proposing the restoration of tribute. The Emperor thought Erxiang was about to surrender to Burma and ordered the border officials of Gansu to seize his wife and children and bring them to the capital; one son and two daughters died in prison, and his wife died on the road. In the forty-first year Burma at last sent Erxiang back. The Emperor ordered Agui to instruct him to come to the capital, granted him an audience, appointed him guerrilla officer, and in bestowing a poem also compared him to Su Wu. He rose through successive promotions to Regional Commander of Tengyue Garrison and concurrently served as acting Regional Commander-in-Chief of Yunnan. He died.
11
=明瑞=明瑞，字筠亭，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，承恩公富文子。 自官學生襲爵。 乾隆二十一年，師徵阿睦爾撒納，明瑞以副都統銜授領隊大臣，有功，擢戶部侍郎，授參贊大臣，於公爵加「毅勇」字，號承恩毅勇公。 二十四年，師徵霍集占，復有功，賜雙眼花翎，加雲騎尉世職。 師還，圖形紫光閣，擢正白旗漢軍都統。 二十七年，出為伊犁將軍，進加騎都尉世職。
Ming Rui, styled Yunting, was of the Fuca clan, a Bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Manchus, and the son of Duke of Enfeoffment Fuwen. As an Imperial Academy student he inherited the family title. In the twenty-first year of Qianlong, when the army campaigned against Amursana, Ming Rui was appointed leading commander with the rank of Vice Commander-in-Chief. For his merit he was promoted to Vice Minister of Revenue and appointed campaign coordinator; the characters "Resolute and Brave" were added to his ducal title, and he was styled Duke of Enfeoffment, Resolute and Brave. In the twenty-fourth year the army campaigned against Khoja Jahan; he again distinguished himself, was granted double-eyed peacock feathers, and was given the hereditary office of Cloud Cavalry Captain. When the army returned, his portrait was placed in the Hall of Purple Splendor, and he was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Plain White Banner of the Han Army. In the twenty-seventh year he was appointed Military Governor of Yili and was further granted the hereditary office of Cavalry Commandant.
12
三十年二月，烏什回為亂，駐烏什副都統素誠自戕，亂回推小伯克賴黑木圖拉為渠，拒守。 明瑞遣副都統觀音保往討，而帥師繼其後。 烏什回二千餘出禦，明瑞與觀音保力戰破之，奪砲台七。 賊入城，師合圍。 明瑞疏陳素誠狂縱激變，及參贊納世通虐回民，阻援師，副都統弁塔哈掩敗妄奏諸狀，上令尚書阿桂至軍，按誅納世通、弁塔哈。 賊夜襲我軍，我軍诇知之，預為備，射賴黑木圖拉殪，賊擁其父額色木圖拉為渠。 明瑞以兵六百餘夜攜雲梯薄其城，不克，則毀其堞，且斷汲道。 賊待阿富汗援不至，乃縛獻額色木圖拉等四十二人降，明瑞悉斬之，其脅從及婦稚萬餘送伊犁。 烏什平。 上以明瑞得渠魁，未詳鞫為亂狀，亂回至圍急始縛獻首惡，不可輕宥，所措置皆不當，與阿桂同下部議，奪職，命留任。 旋條上善後事，如所請。
In the second month of the thirtieth year the Muslims of Ush rebelled; the Vice Commander-in-Chief stationed there, Such eng, killed himself; the rebels made the petty beg Lai Heimutula their leader and held out behind the walls. Ming Rui sent Vice Commander-in-Chief Guanyinbao to attack, while he himself led the main army in support. More than two thousand Ush Muslims came out to resist; Ming Rui and Guanyinbao fought fiercely and routed them, capturing seven batteries. The rebels withdrew into the city, and the army closed in around them. Ming Rui memorialized that Such eng's arrogance and license had provoked the uprising, that Coordinator Nashitong had abused the Muslims and blocked relief troops, and that Vice Commander-in-Chief Biantaha had concealed defeats and filed false reports; the Emperor ordered Minister Agui to the army to investigate and execute Nashitong and Biantaha. The rebels attacked the army by night; scouts detected them and preparations were made in advance; Lai Heimutula was shot dead, and the rebels made his father Eseimutula their leader. Ming Rui led more than six hundred men with scaling ladders in a night approach to the wall; when he failed to take the city, he destroyed the parapets and cut off the water supply. When Afghan aid failed to arrive, the rebels bound and presented Eseimutula and forty-one others in surrender; Ming Rui executed them all and sent more than ten thousand coerced followers, women, and children to Yili. Ush was pacified. The Emperor held that although Ming Rui had obtained the ringleader, he had not thoroughly investigated the facts of the rebellion; the rebel Muslims had only bound and presented the chief culprit when the siege grew desperate and could not be lightly pardoned; all his dispositions were improper. He and Agui were both referred to the Board, stripped of office, and ordered to remain at their posts. Soon afterward he submitted a detailed plan for post-pacification measures, and it was approved as requested.
13
是時緬甸為亂犯邊，總督劉藻戰屢敗，自殺。 大學士楊應琚代為總督，師久無功，賜死。 三十二年二月，命明瑞以雲貴總督兼兵部尚書，經略軍務。 明瑞議大軍出永昌、騰越攻宛頂、木邦為正兵，遣參贊額爾登額出北路，自猛密攻老官屯，會於阿瓦。 十一月，至宛頂，進攻木邦，賊遁，留參贊珠魯訥、按察使楊重英守之，率兵萬餘渡錫箔江攻蠻結。 寇二萬，立十六寨，寨外浚溝，溝外又環以木柵，列象陣為伏兵。 明瑞統兵居中，領隊大臣扎拉豐阿、李全據東山梁，觀音保、長青據西山梁。 賊突陣西出，觀音保、長青力戰，明瑞督中軍進，殺賊二百餘，賊退保柵。 明瑞令分兵為十二隊，身先陷陣，目傷，猶指揮不少挫。 賊陣中群象反奔，我兵毀柵進，無不一當百。 有貴州兵王連者，舞藤牌躍入陣，眾從之，縱橫擊殺，馘二十餘，俘三十有四，賊遁走。 捷聞，上大悅，封一等誠嘉毅勇公，賜黃帶、寶石頂、四團龍補服，原襲承恩公畀其弟奎林。 扎拉豐阿、觀音保勸明瑞乘勝罷兵，明瑞不可。
At that time Burma was in rebellion and invading the border; Governor Liu Zao was repeatedly defeated in battle and killed himself. Grand Secretary Yang Yingju replaced him as governor; the army achieved nothing for a long time, and he was granted death. In the second month of the thirty-second year Ming Rui was ordered to serve as Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou and concurrently Minister of War, with overall direction of military affairs. Ming Rui proposed that the main army advance from Yongchang and Tengyue against Wanding and Mohang as the principal force, while Coordinator E'erdeng'e would take the northern route from Mengmi against Laoguantun, the two columns to meet at Ava. In the eleventh month he reached Wanding and advanced against Mohang; the rebels fled. He left Coordinator Zhulun'e and Surveillance Commissioner Yang Zhongying to hold the place, then led more than ten thousand men across the Xibo River to attack Manjie. The enemy numbered twenty thousand. They established sixteen stockades, dug trenches outside them, ringed the trenches with wooden palisades, and arrayed elephant formations as ambush troops. Ming Rui commanded the center; Leading Commanders Zhala Feng'a and Li Quan held the eastern hill ridge, while Guanyinbao and Chang Qing held the western hill ridge. The rebels burst out of the formation on the west; Guanyinbao and Chang Qing fought fiercely while Ming Rui directed the central army forward, killing more than two hundred rebels before the enemy withdrew behind the palisades. Ming Rui divided the army into twelve companies and himself led the charge into the enemy lines; though wounded in the eye, he continued to command without faltering. Within the rebel formation the elephants in a body turned and fled; our troops destroyed the palisades and advanced, each man fighting as if he were a hundred. A Guizhou soldier named Wang Lian, brandishing a rattan shield, leaped into the enemy formation; the troops followed him, striking and killing at will. They took more than twenty heads and thirty-four prisoners, and the rebels fled. When news of the victory arrived the Emperor was greatly pleased. He enfeoffed Ming Rui as Duke of the First Rank, Sincere and Commendable, Resolute and Brave, granted him a yellow belt, jeweled finial, and surcoat with four-dragon roundels, and transferred the original inheritance of Duke of Enfeoffment to his younger brother Kuilin. Zhala Feng'a and Guanyinbao urged Ming Rui to halt the campaign while victory was at hand; Ming Rui would not agree.
14
師復進，十二月，次革龍，地逼天生橋渡口，賊踞山巔立柵。 明瑞令別軍出大道，若將奪渡口，而督軍從間道繞至天生橋上游，乘霧徑渡，進據山梁。 賊驚潰，浮馘二千餘。 復進至象孔，糧垂罄，欲退，慮額爾登額師已入，聞猛籠土司糧富，且地近猛密，冀通北路軍消息，乃移軍猛籠。 賊尾我軍後，至章子壩，我軍且戰且行。 明瑞及觀音保等殿，日行不三十里，至猛籠已歲除，土司避匿，發窖粟二萬餘石。 駐三日，復引軍趨猛密，人持數升粟，焚其餘積。 賊躡我軍行，至夕駐營，初相距十餘裡。 賊诇我軍飢疲，經蠻化，我軍屯山巔，賊即營山半。 明瑞謂諸將曰：「賊輕我甚，不一死戰，無焦類矣！ 賊識我軍號。 明旦我軍傳號，若將起行，則盡出營伏箐待。」 明旦賊聞聲，蟻附上山。 我軍突出發槍砲，賊反走，乘之，斬四千有奇。 自此每夜遙屯二十里外，明瑞令休兵六日。 賊柵於要道，我軍攻之不能拔，得波霙人引自桂家銀廠舊址出。 上聞明瑞深入，命全師速出。 詔未達，三十三年正月，賊攻木邦，副都統珠魯訥師潰自戕，執重英以去。 額爾登額出猛密，阻於老官屯，月餘引還。 繞從小隴川緩行，巡撫鄂寧檄援，不應，於是明瑞軍援絕，而賊自木邦、老官屯兩道並集。 二月，至小猛育，賊麕聚五萬餘。 我軍食罄，殺馬騾以食； 火藥亦竭，槍砲不能發。 明瑞令諸將達興阿、本進忠分隊潰圍出，而自為殿，血戰萬寇中。 扎拉豐阿、觀音保皆死。 明瑞負創行二十餘裡，手截辮髮授其僕歸報，而縊於樹下，其僕以木葉掩屍去。
The army advanced again. In the twelfth month it halted at Gelong, where the terrain pressed upon the Tiansheng Bridge crossing; the rebels held the mountain summit and erected palisades. Ming Rui sent a separate force out on the main road as if to seize the crossing, while he himself led the army by a hidden path around to the upper reaches of Tiansheng Bridge, crossed directly through the fog, and seized the hill ridge. The rebels fled in alarm; more than two thousand enemy dead were counted. Advancing again to Xiangkong, grain was nearly exhausted and he wished to withdraw, but feared E'erdeng'e's column had already entered. Hearing that the Menglong native chieftain had abundant grain and that the place lay near Mengmi, where he hoped to establish contact with the northern-route army, he moved his forces to Menglong. The rebels followed close behind; at Zhangziba the army fought as it marched. Ming Rui, Guanyinbao, and others brought up the rear; each day they marched no more than thirty li. By the time they reached Menglong it was already New Year's Eve; the native chieftain had hidden away, but they opened stored grain amounting to more than twenty thousand piculs. After encamping for three days, he again led the army toward Mengmi; each man carried only a few sheng of grain, and the remaining stores were burned. The rebels tracked the army's march; when the troops encamped at evening the enemy was at first still more than ten li away. The rebels learned that the army was hungry and weary. Passing through Manhua, the army encamped on the mountain summit while the rebels immediately pitched camp halfway up the slope. Ming Rui said to the generals, "The rebels despise us utterly; if we do not fight to the death, none of us will survive! The rebels know our army's signals. At dawn tomorrow, when our army sounds the signals as if about to break camp and march, they will all leave camp and lie in ambush in the ravines to wait." At dawn the rebels heard the signals and swarmed up the mountain like ants. The army burst forth and opened fire with muskets and cannon; the rebels turned and fled, and in pursuit more than four thousand were beheaded. From this point they encamped each night at a distance of twenty li; Ming Rui ordered the troops to rest for six days. The rebels had palisaded the vital pass; the army attacked but could not break through until a Bo'ing tribesman guided them out by the old site of the Gui Family silver mine. When the Emperor heard that Ming Rui had penetrated deeply, he ordered the entire army to withdraw quickly. Before the edict arrived, in the first month of the thirty-third year the rebels attacked Mohang; Vice Commander-in-Chief Zhulun'e's army collapsed and he killed himself, and Yang Zhongying was seized and taken away. E'erdeng'e advanced from Mengmi but was blocked at Laoguantun; after more than a month he withdrew. He made a detour by way of Xiaolongchuan and marched slowly; Governor E'ning sent orders calling for aid, but he did not respond. Thus Ming Rui's army was cut off from relief while the rebels converged from Mohang and Laoguantun along two routes. In the second month they reached Xiaomengyu, where more than fifty thousand rebels had gathered. The army's food was exhausted, and horses and mules were killed for food; gunpowder was also exhausted, and muskets and cannon could no longer be fired. Ming Rui ordered the generals Da Xing'a and Ben Jinzhong to divide their companies and break out of the encirclement, while he himself brought up the rear, fighting in bloody combat amid tens of thousands of rebels. Zhala Feng'a and Guanyinbao both fell in battle. Wounded, Ming Rui went on for more than twenty li, cut off his own queue with his own hand and gave it to his servant to return and report, then hanged himself beneath a tree; his servant covered the body with leaves and departed.
15
事聞，上震悼，賜祭葬，諡果烈。 建旌勇祠京師，諸將死事者扎拉豐阿、觀音保、李全、王廷玉，命並祀，珠魯訥以自戕不與。 額爾登額及提督譚五格坐失機陷帥，逮詣京師，上廷鞫，用大逆律磔額爾登額，囚其父及女，並族屬戍新疆； 譚五格亦棄市，而以其明日祭明瑞及扎拉豐阿、觀音保，上親臨奠。
When word arrived the Emperor was shaken with grief, granted sacrificial funeral rites, and gave him the posthumous title Guolie. The Jingyong Shrine was built in the capital; the generals who died in service—Zhala Feng'a, Guanyinbao, Li Quan, and Wang Tingyu—were ordered to be worshiped together, while Zhulun'e was excluded for having killed himself. E'erdeng'e and Regional Commander-in-Chief Tan Wuge were punished for missing their opportunity and causing the commander's destruction; they were arrested and brought to the capital. The Emperor tried them at court, had E'erdeng'e dismembered under the law of great treason, imprisoned his father and daughter, and exiled his clansmen to Xinjiang; Tan Wuge was also executed in the market. On the following day, when sacrifices were offered to Ming Rui, Zhala Feng'a, and Guanyinbao, the Emperor personally attended.
16
明瑞無子，以奎林子惠倫為嗣，襲爵。 自侍衛累遷奉宸院卿。 嘉慶初，剿教匪湖北，自荊門、宜城逐賊入南漳山中，賜玉搬指、荷包； 复逐賊至長坪，射賊渠，殪，餘賊兢集，中槍死，賜白金三千。
Ming Rui had no son; Kuilin's son Huilun was made his heir and inherited the title. From Imperial Bodyguard he rose through successive promotions to Director of the Palace Provisionery. In early Jiaqing, while suppressing sect rebels in Hubei, he drove the rebels from Jingmen and Yicheng into the mountains of Nanzhang and was granted a jade archer's ring and purse; he again drove the rebels to Changping, shot the rebel leader dead, and when the remaining rebels gathered in alarm he was struck by a musket ball and killed; three thousand taels of silver were granted in reward.
17
=【論】=論曰：藻起詞科，以廉被主知，陟歷中外。 應琚持節臨邊，著聲績。 要皆不習軍旅，措注失條理，事敗身殉。 明瑞深入，度敵不可勝，遣諸軍徐出，而躬自血戰，誓死不反顧，功雖不成，忠義凜烈，足以讋敵矣！
The commentators say: Zao rose through the examination in belles-lettres, won his sovereign's favor through integrity, and rose through posts at court and in the provinces. Yingju held the imperial commission on the frontier and achieved reputation and merit. In the main they were unpracticed in military affairs, their arrangements lacked order, and when affairs failed they gave their lives. Ming Rui penetrated deeply, judged the enemy could not be overcome, and sent the armies out slowly, yet himself fought in bloody combat and vowed to die without turning back. Though success was not achieved, his loyalty and righteousness were stern and bright, sufficient to strike fear into the enemy!