Lao Naixuan (勞乃宣)

Overview

The translated histories identify Lao Naixuan as an administrator, official, scholar, and teacher. This record brings together 19 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Lao Naixuan	勞乃宣	Lao Naixuan
Personal name	Lao Naixuan	勞乃宣	Lao Naixuan
Given	Naixuan	乃宣	Naixuan
Title	Wuqiao Magistrate Lao Naixuan	吳橋知縣勞乃宣
Courtesy	Yuchu	玉初	Yuchu

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:142:s0148, qingshigao:465:s0211
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0184

Roles

Administrator
Official
Scholar
Teacher
Writer

Life and dates

Death

Age: Value: 79 · Reckoning: sui
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0212

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 丁巳 · Western Year: AD 1917
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0211
Source Date: Text: 光緒二十五年 · Western Year: AD 1899
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0196
Source Date: Text: 同治十年 · Western Year: AD 1871
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0185
Source Date: Text: 宣統九年1917年五月十三日 · Western Year: AD 1917
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:473:s0056, qingshigao:473:s0032
Source Date: Text: 宣統元年 · Western Year: AD 1909
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:142:s0148
Source Date: Text: 宣統元年 · Western Year: AD 1909
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0204
Source Date: Text: 明年資政院開 · Western Year: AD 1910
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:142:s0179, qingshigao:142:s0180
Source Date: Text: 義和拳 · Western Year: AD 1900
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0211

Career and standing

Label: Minister of Justice / 法部尚書 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 丁巳復辟 · Western Year: AD 1917
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0211
Label: magistrate in Zhili / 知縣分直隸 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治十年 · Western Year: AD 1871
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0185
Label: board minister / 尚書 · Action: appointed
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0056
Label: Advisory Council member / 議員 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0180
Label: Jiangsu provincial education commissioner / 江蘇提學使 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0148
Label: Magistrate of Wuqiao / 吳橋知縣 · Action: held
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0211

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: served
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0148, qingshigao:465:s0211, qingshigao:472:s0185
Place: Tongxiang, Zhejiang / 浙江桐鄉
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0184
Place: Qufu / 曲阜 · Relation: resided-at · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 丁巳 · Western Year: AD 1917
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0211
Place: Jiangsu / 江蘇 · Relation: posted-to
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0148
Place: Laishui / 淶水 · Relation: resided-at
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0209
Place: Qingdao / 青島 · Relation: sojourned-at
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0210

Learning and skills

Credential: jinshi / 進士 · Action: earned · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 同治十年 · Western Year: AD 1871
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0185

Works and attributed material

Work: An Inquiry into the Origins of the Boxer Sect / 義和拳教門源流考 · Relation: author · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒二十五年 · Western Year: AD 1899
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0196
Work: Combined-Sound Simplified Character Manual / 合聲簡字譜 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0202
Work: Correct Interpretation of the Republic / 共和正解 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0210
Work: Essentials of Treaty Compilation / 約章纂要 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0214
Work: Investigations into Ancient Calculation / 古籌算考釋 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0214
Work: Records of Tranquil Rest / 遺安錄 · Relation: author
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0214
Kind: letter · Role: author
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0148, qingshigao:142:s0149, qingshigao:142:s0150, qingshigao:142:s0151, qingshigao:142:s0152, qingshigao:142:s0153, qingshigao:142:s0154, qingshigao:142:s0155, qingshigao:142:s0156, qingshigao:142:s0157, qingshigao:142:s0158, qingshigao:142:s0159, qingshigao:142:s0160, qingshigao:142:s0161, qingshigao:142:s0162, qingshigao:142:s0163, qingshigao:142:s0164, qingshigao:142:s0165, qingshigao:142:s0166, qingshigao:142:s0167, qingshigao:142:s0168, qingshigao:142:s0169, qingshigao:142:s0170, qingshigao:142:s0171, qingshigao:142:s0172, qingshigao:142:s0173, qingshigao:142:s0174, qingshigao:142:s0175, qingshigao:142:s0176, qingshigao:142:s0177

Events and relationships

Kind: legal · Role: prosecutor · Action: arrested and executed Jie Xiaoting · Other Person Id: Jie Xiaoting (節小廷) · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 光緒二十五年 · Western Year: AD 1899
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:472:s0197, qingshigao:472:s0198
Kind: legal · Role: prosecutor · Action: captured and executed Chen Er and Black Gang members · Other Person Id: Chen Er (陳二)
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0195
Kind: political · Role: decliner · Action: declined Minister of Justice at 1917 restoration · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 丁巳復辟 · Western Year: AD 1917
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0211
Kind: political · Role: suppressor · Action: forbade-Boxer-practice
Explicit · qingshigao:465:s0211
Kind: political · Role: debater · Action: held-firm-on-adultery-and-parental-commands-articles
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0180
Relation: ally-of · Person Id: Chen Baochen (陳寶琛)
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0180
Relation: adapted-work-of · Person Id: Wang Zhao (王照)
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0202
Relation: colleague-of · Person Id: Zhou Fu (周馥)
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0201

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: argued new code wrongly abandoned ritual-ethical articles · Provenance: Mode: self-report · Speaker Person Id: Lao Naixuan (勞乃宣)
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0148, qingshigao:142:s0176
Assessment: true / comprehensive scholar (通儒) · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0213, qingshigao:472:s0243

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0056

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 142Volume 142 Treatises 117: Penal Law 1 · 2 passages

Open chapter

時江蘇提學使勞乃宣上書憲政編查館論之曰：「法律大臣會同法部奏進修改刑律，義關倫常諸條，未依舊律修入。 At the time Jiangsu provincial education commissioner Lao Naixuan wrote to the Constitutional Research Bureau, arguing: "The legal ministers, together with the Ministry of Justice, submitted the revised penal code, yet the articles concerning human relations and moral norms were not incorporated from the old code.

時勞乃宣充議員，與同院內閣學士陳寶琛等，於無夫奸及違犯教令二條尤力持不少怠，而分則遂未議決。 At the time Lao Naixuan served as a councilor; together with fellow councilor Grand Secretary Chen Baochen and others, he especially held firm without yielding on the two articles concerning adultery without a husband and violation of parental commands, but the Specific Provisions were never decided.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 465Volume 465 Biographies 252: Xu Tong With: Yu Shi, Yu Shi Son: Cheng Yu, Gang Yi, Zhao Shuqiao, Qi Xiu, Ying Nian, Yu Lu With: Ting Yong, Yu Xian With: Li Tingxiao · 1 passage

Open chapter

吳橋知縣勞乃宣禁傳習，為書上裕祿，格不行。 Wuqiao Magistrate Lao Naixuan forbade Boxer practice and wrote to Yu Lu, but the letter was blocked.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 472Volume 472 Biographies 259: Lu Runxiang, Shi Xu, Yi Ketan, Liang Dingfen, Xu Fang, Lao Naixuan, Shen Cengzhi · 13 passages

Open chapter

勞乃宣，字玉初，浙江桐鄉人。 Lao Naixuan, whose courtesy name was Yuchu, came from Tongxiang in Zhejiang.

乃宣任蠡縣，值謁陵事竣，贏支應錢千餘緡，儲庫備公用。 When Naixuan served in Li county, after the tomb-visitation duties ended the surplus disbursement came to more than a thousand strings of cash, which he stored in the treasury for public use.

嘗至南皮劫殺，乃宣會防營掩捕，擒陳二及其黨數人磔於市，黑團遂絕。 They once came to Nanpi to rob and kill; Naixuan joined the defense camp in a surprise arrest, captured Chen Er and several of his followers, and had them dismembered in the market—the Black Gang was then extinguished.

二十五年，義和拳起山東，蔓延於直、東各境，乃宣為義和拳教門源流考，張示曉諭，且申請奏頒禁止，不能行。 In the twenty-fifth year the Boxers arose in Shandong and spread through Zhili and the eastern provinces; Naixuan wrote An Inquiry into the Origins of the Boxer Sect, posted it for public notice, and memorialized asking that an imperial prohibition be issued—it could not be carried out.

乃宣飭役捕治，縱士民環觀，既受笞，號呼不能作神狀，梟示之，匪乃不敢入境。 Naixuan ordered runners to arrest and punish him, letting scholars and common people surround and watch; after the bastinado he cried out and could no longer play at spirit possession; he was decapitated and displayed, and the bandits then dared not enter the district.

明年，拳黨入京，乃宣知大亂將作，適調吏部稽勳司主事，遂請急南歸，浙撫任道鎔延主浙江大學堂。 The next year the Boxer faction entered the capital; Naixuan knew great disorder was imminent; just then he was transferred to principal clerk in the Ministry of Personnel's Records of Honors Office, and he requested urgent leave to return south; Zhejiang Governor Ren Daorong engaged him to head the Zhejiang Grand Academy.

周馥從乃宣議，設簡字學堂於金陵。 Zhou Fu adopted Naixuan's proposal and established a Simplified Character Academy at Jinling.

初，寧河王照造官話字母，乃宣增其母韻聲號為合聲簡字譜，俾江、浙語音相近處皆可通。 Earlier Wang Zhao of Ninghe had devised Mandarin phonetic letters; Naixuan expanded them into a Combined-Sound Simplified Character Manual with fuller initials, finals, and tone marks, so that regions in Jiangsu and Zhejiang with similar speech could all use it.

法律館奏進新刑律，乃宣摘其妨於父子之倫、長幼之序、男女之別者數條，提議修正之。 When the Law Codification Office submitted the new penal code, Naixuan singled out articles that undermined the relations between father and son, elder and younger, and men and women, and proposed revisions.

時士大夫多流寓青島，德人尉禮賢立尊孔文社，延乃宣主社事，著共和正解。 Many scholar-officials were then living in exile in Qingdao; the German Richard Wilhelm founded a Confucian Literary Society, and Naixuan was invited to head it and wrote Correct Interpretation of the Republic.

丁巳復辟，授法部尚書，乃宣時居曲阜，以衰老辭。 At the 1917 restoration he was appointed Minister of Justice, but Naixuan was then in Qufu and declined on grounds of age and infirmity.