Li Cunjin (李存進) | 24 Histories

Overview

Li Cunjin was a general and Adopted Son.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal name	Sun Chongjin	孫重進	Sun Chongjin

Life and dates

Death

AD 922 十九年九月
Killed in battle · At Dongyuan Ford 東垣渡
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 119
AD 922 天祐十九年九月
Killed in battle · At Dongyuan 東垣
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 73
AD 921 to AD 922 存進亦歿於陣
Killed in battle · At Dongyuan Ford bridge 東垣渡
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 154
died in battle 戰歿
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 97

Age

66
AD 922 十九年九月 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 119

Attested activity

AD 900 光化三年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 91
AD 903 天復三年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 93
AD 921 to AD 922 乃以存進代嗣昭
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 152
AD 884 to AD 926 事唐武皇、莊宗
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
AD 922 十九年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 111
AD 922 十九年七月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 115

Show 17 more source-backed claims

AD 922 十九年九月
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 117, 119
AD 922 十九年四月
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 62, passage 96
AD 915 十二年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 96
AD 919 十六年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 100
AD 917 十四年
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 99
AD 901 天復初
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 92
AD 922 天祐十九年九月
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 73
AD 922 天祐十九年四月
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 71
AD 921 天祐十八年三月
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 61
AD 880 太祖破朔州
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 85
AD 883 to AD 908 太祖養子多矣
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 6
AD 880 to AD 884 從太祖入關破黃巢
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 146
AD 880 to AD 884 從武皇入關平賊
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 88
AD 910 從莊宗戰柏鄉
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 147
AD 895 從討王行瑜
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 90
AD 892 to AD 893 景福中
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 89
AD 908 莊宗初嗣位
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 94

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Taizu (太祖)
adopted as son 養為子 · Adoptive parentage · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 145
Child of Martial Emperor (武皇)
adopted son 子 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 85
Child of Taizu (太祖)
adopted son 養子 · Adoptive parentage · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 6
Parent of Hanshao (漢韶)
eldest son 長子 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 122
Child of Sun Quan (孫牷)
father 父 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 86
Parent of Sun Hanyin (孫漢英)
father 父 · paternal line
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
Parent of Sun Hanshao (孫漢韶)
father 父 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passages 133, 135
Parent of Sun Hanjun (孫漢筠)
father 父 · paternal line
Strongly inferred · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passages 133, 135
Parent of Han Shao (漢韶)
son 子 · paternal line
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 156

Kinship Role sons · Count 4
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 122

Key source chapters

Career and standing

company commander under Tang Qun 部校
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 87
great general 大將
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
overall commander of forces north of Yanmen 雁門以北都知兵馬使
AD 900 光化三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 91
Yong'an army commissioner 永安軍使
AD 900 光化三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 91
prefect of Shi 石州刺史
AD 903 天復三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 93
suppression commissioner 招討
AD 922 十九年七月 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 115

Show 25 more source-backed claims

overall inspector of the Tianxiong army 天雄軍都巡按使
AD 915 十二年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 96
military commissioner of Zhenwu 振武節度使
AD 919 十六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 100
overall commander of Weibo horse and foot 魏博馬步都將
AD 919 十六年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 109
chief adjutant of the field cavalry 行營馬軍都虞候
AD 911 師出井陘，破汴軍於相鄉 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 94
prefect of Bin 邠州刺史
AD 911 師出井陘，破汴軍於相鄉 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 94
guard staff post 牙職
AD 880 to AD 884 從武皇入關平賊 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 88
acting Palace Attendant 檢校常侍
AD 895 從討王行瑜 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 90
commissioner of the adopted-sons army 義兒軍使
AD 892 to AD 893 景福中 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 89
right infantry commander and acting Minister of Works 步軍右都檢校司空
AD 908 莊宗初嗣位 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 94
commander of the Adopted Sons Army 義兒軍使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 146
field army chief adjutant of horse and foot 行營馬步軍都虞候
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 147
military commissioner of Zhenwu 振武軍節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 149
overall commander / 招討使招討使
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 152
prefect of Ci and Qin 慈沁二州刺史
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 95
southwestern suppression commissioner 西南面行營招討使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 95
Tianxiong commander 天雄軍都部署
Appointed
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 148
military governor of Zhenwu 振武軍節度使
AD 921 天祐十八年三月 · Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 61
prefect of Ci and Qin 慈、沁二州刺史
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 147
acting Grand Tutor 檢校太傅
AD 922 十九年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 113
acting Grand Guardian 檢校太保
AD 919 十六年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 109
deputy overall commander of barbarian and Han forces 蕃漢馬步副總管
AD 917 十四年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 99
acting Grand Mentor 檢校司徒
AD 911 師出井陘，破汴軍於相鄉 · Promoted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 94
Grand Commandant 太尉
AD 923 to AD 926 同光時 · Posthumously granted
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 120
Grand Commandant 太尉
Posthumously granted
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 155
Held
Adopted son
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passages 6, 145

Places and affiliations

Hedong 河東
Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 87, 94
Polity Jin 晉 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passages 5-6
Polity Jin 晉 · Relation Served
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passages 146, 152
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
At Zhenwu 振武
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 84; New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 144
AD 880 to AD 884 從武皇入關平賊
At Taiyuan 太原 · Relation Garrisoned
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 88

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At Zhenwu 振武 · Relation Native of
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 84
Organization Adopted Sons Army 義兒軍 · Relation Member of
Strongly inferred · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passages 5-6

Works and attributed material

Tang History 唐書
Relation Subject of biography
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
AD 919 十六年
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 105

Events and relationships

Built pontoon bridge
AD 919 十六年 · Military · Commander · At Desheng Ford 德勝渡
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 103, 106-107
Built reed hull pontoon bridge
Engineering · Builder · At Desheng 德勝
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 150
Campaigned against
AD 895 從討王行瑜 · Military · Commander · With Wang Xingyu (王行瑜)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 90
Defeated
AD 895 從討王行瑜 · Military · Commander · With Wang Gong (王珙) · At Hezhong 河中
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 90
Fell in battle
AD 922 十九年九月 · Military · Commander · With Wang Chuqiu (王處球) · At Dongyuan Ford 東垣渡
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 118-119
Held Desheng
AD 919 十六年 · Military · Defender · With Li Cunshen (李存審)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 110

Show 8 more source-backed claims

Repelled
AD 922 十九年 · Military · Defender · With Wang Zan (王瓚)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 111-112
Replaced
AD 922 十九年七月 · Military · Commander · With Li Sizhao (李嗣昭)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 115
Routed Bian at Xiangxiang
AD 911 師出井陘，破汴軍於相鄉 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 94
Routed vanguard
AD 901 天復初 · Military · Commander · With Shi Shuzong (氏叔琮) · At Dongwo 洞渦
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 92
Taken at Shuozhou
AD 880 太祖破朔州 · Military · Captive youth · With Martial Emperor (武皇)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 85
Urged Cunxu to take the throne
AD 921 天祐十八年三月 · Political · Petitioner · With Cunxu (存勖)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passage 61
Relation Served · Person Wuhuang of Tang (唐武皇)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
Relation Served · Person Zhuangzong (莊宗)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133

Assessments and attributes

Assessment grave, steady, decisive; disciplined arrogant troops; no legendary feats but tireless in camp defense · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 98, 121
AD 919 十六年
Item imperial horse and robes 寶馬御衣 · Relation Bestowed
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passage 109
Item Zhuangzong's coat 衣 · Relation Bestowed · With Zhuangzong (莊宗)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passage 151

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 5, passages 61, 71
Granted the imperial surname of Tang
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
AD 892 to AD 893 景福中
From Sun Chongjin 孫重進 · To Li Cunjin 李存進
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 53, passages 84, 89
From Chongjin 重進 · To Cunjin 存進 · Reason granted the imperial surname
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 129, passage 133
From Sun Chongjin 孫重進 · To Li Cunjin 存進
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 36, passages 144-145

References in the histories

Search passages

History

27 passages

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 53Volume 53 Book of Later Tang 29: Biographies 5: Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, Li Cunxian · 14 passages

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李存進，振武人，本姓孫，名重進。 Li Cunjin came from Zhenwu; he was originally surnamed Sun and named Chongjin.

《歐陽史》：太祖破朔州得之，賜以姓名，養為子。 The 《Ouyang History》 records that the Ancestor took him when Shuozhou fell, gave him the Li surname and name Cunjin, and raised him as an adopted son.

重進初仕嵐州刺史湯群為部校，獻祖誅群，乃事武皇。 Chongjin first served Lan Prefect Tang Qun as a company commander. After the Ancestor of Offerings executed Qun, he entered the Martial Emperor's service.

景福中，為義兒軍使，賜姓名。 During the Jingfu era he became commander of the adopted-sons corps and received the Li surname and name Cunjin.

莊宗初嗣位，入為步軍右都檢校司空，師出井陘，授行營馬軍都虞候，破汴軍於相鄉，論功授邠州刺史，轉檢校司徒。 When Zhuangzong first took the throne, Cunjin entered court as right commander of infantry and acting Minister of Works. On the Jingxing campaign he was made chief adjutant of the field cavalry, routed the Bian army at Xiangxiang, and was rewarded with Bin Prefecture, then promoted acting Grand Mentor.

存進沈厚果斷，犯令者梟首屍於市，諸軍無不惕息，靡然向風。 Cunjin was grave, steady, and decisive. Offenders were beheaded and their bodies displayed in the market. Every unit fell silent in awe and bent to his authority.

王師以船渡，緩急難濟，存進率意欲造浮橋。 The imperial forces relied on boats, which could not keep pace in a crisis. Cunjin resolved to build a pontoon bridge of his own.

存進曰：「吾成算在心，必有所立。」 Cunjin replied, "I already have the plan in mind. It will be done."

莊宗舉酒曰：「存進，吾之杜預也。」 Zhuangzong raised his cup and declared, "Cunjin, you are my Du Yu."

存進隨機拒應，或經日不得食。 Cunjin met each threat as it came, sometimes going a full day without a meal.

七月，存進代嗣昭為招討，進營東垣渡，夾滹□為壘，沙土散惡，垣壁難成。 In the seventh month Cunjin replaced Sizhao as suppression commissioner and encamped at Dongyuan Ford, building ramparts along the Hutuo. The sand and soil were loose and treacherous, and the walls would not hold.

存進斬伐林樹，版築旬日而就，賊不能寇。 Cunjin felled timber from the woods and finished the earthworks in ten days, so the rebels could not break through.

存進聞之，得部下數人出鬥，驅賊於橋下。 Hearing the alarm, Cunjin took a handful of men and sallied forth, driving the enemy back below the bridge.

存進行軍出師，雖無奇跡，然能以法繩其驕放，營壘守戰之備，特推精力，議者稱之。 Cunjin's campaigns produced no legendary feats, yet he disciplined arrogant troops by strict law and was especially tireless in preparing camps and defenses. Commentators spoke well of him.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 62Volume 62 Book of Later Tang 38: Biographies 14: Meng Fangli, Zhang Wenli, Dong Zhang · 2 passages

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四月，嗣昭為流矢所中，尋卒於師，命李存進繼之。 In the fourth month Sizhao was struck by a stray arrow and died in camp; Li Cunjin was ordered to take his place.

存進亦以戰歿，乃以符存審為北面招討使，攻鎮州。 Cunjin too fell in battle, and Fu Cunshen was appointed northern campaign commissioner to besiege Zhenzhou.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 129Volume 129 Book of Later Zhou 31: Biographies 9: Chang Si, Di Guangye, Cao Ying, Li Yanyun, Li Hui, Li Jianchong, Wang Zhongyi, Sun Hanyin, Xu Qian, Zhao Feng, Qi Cangzhen, Wang Huan, Zhang Yanchao, Zhang Ying, Liu Renshan · 1 passage

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父重進，事唐武皇、莊宗為大將，賜姓，名存進，《唐書》有傳。 His father Chongjin had served Wuhuang and Zhuangzong of Tang as a great general, was granted the imperial surname, and took the name Cunjin; the 《Tang History》 has his biography.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 5Volume 5 Later Tang Annals 2: Zhuangzong 2 · 3 passages

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三月，河中節度使朱友謙、昭義軍節度使李嗣昭、橫海軍節度使李存審、義武軍節度使王處直、安國軍節度使李嗣源、鎮州兵馬留後張文禮、領天平軍節度使閻寶，大同軍節度使李存璋、振武軍節度使李存進、匡國軍節度使朱令德，請王即皇帝位，王三辭，友謙等三請，王曰：「予當思之。」 In the third month Zhu Youqian of Hezhong, Li Sizhao of Zhaoyi, Li Cunshen of Henghai, Wang Chuzhi of Yiwu, Li Siyuan of Anguo, Zhang Wenli acting at Zhenzhou, Yan Bao holding Tianping, Li Cunzhang of Datong, Li Cunjin of Zhenwu, and Zhu Lingde of Kuangguo begged the king to take the throne. He refused thrice; they pressed thrice; he said, “I will think on it.”

四月，嗣昭戰死，以李存進代之。 In the fourth month Sizhao fell in battle and Li Cunjin replaced him.

九月，存進敗鎮人於東垣，存進戰死。 In the ninth month Cunjin beat the Zhenzhou garrison at Dongyuan and was killed in the fight.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 36Volume 36 Biographies of Righteous Sons 16: Li Sizhao, Li Siben, Li Si'en, Li Cunxin, Li Cunxiao, Li Cunjin, Li Cunzhang, Li Cunxian · 7 passages

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太祖養子多矣，其可紀者九人，其一是為明宗，其次曰嗣昭、嗣本、嗣恩、存信、存孝、存進、存璋、存賢。 Taizu took many adopted sons; nine merit record—one became Mingzong; the others: Sizhao, Siben, Si'en, Cunxin, Cunxiao, Cunjin, Cunzhang, Cunxian.

存進，振武人也，本姓孫，名重進。 Li Cunjin came from Zhenwu; born Sun Chongjin.

太祖攻破朔州得之，賜以姓名，養為子。 Taizu seized him when Shuozhou fell, gave him the Li name, and adopted him.

是時，晉軍德勝，為南北寨，每以舟兵來往，頗以為勞，而河北無竹石，存進乃以葦笮維大艦為浮梁。 Jin then held Desheng in twin camps and ferried troops by boat—a weary business; with no bamboo or stone in Hebei, Cunjin bound great hulls with reed fascines into a floating bridge.

晉討張文禮於鎮州，久不克，而史建瑭、閻寶、李嗣昭相次戰歿，乃以存進代嗣昭為招討使，軍於東垣渡。 Jin besieged Zhang Wenli at Zhenzhou without success; Shi Jiantang, Yan Bao, and Li Sizhao fell in turn; Cunjin replaced Sizhao as commander and camped at Dongyuan Ford.

東垣土惡，築壘不能就，存進伐木為柵。 Dongyuan’s ground was foul and walls would not stand; Cunjin cut timber for stockades.

晉軍晨出芻牧，文禮子處球以兵千餘逼存進柵，存進出戰橋上，殺處球兵殆盡，而存進亦歿於陣。 At dawn Jin herded fodder; Wenli’s son Chuchiu hit the stockade with a thousand men; Cunjin met him on the bridge, wiped out nearly all his troops, and fell in the fight.