Liu Shan 劉禪

Other names

Family

• Child of Empress Dowager of Shu Han (皇太后)
  empress dowager 皇太后 · Uncertain parentage
  Strongly inferred · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 225
• Child of Liu Kuo (劉括)
  raised as son 養為子 · Adoptive parentage
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 230
• Child of Liu Bei (劉備)
  son 子
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 217
• Parent of Son of Liu Shan (Weilüe account) (劉禪子)
  son 子
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 230
• Spouse of Wife of Liu Shan (Weilüe account) (劉禪婦)
  wife 婦
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 230

Career and standing

• royal crown prince 王太子
  AD 219 建安二十四年 · Appointed
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 218
• imperial crown prince 皇太子
  AD 221 章武元年五月辛巳 · Appointed
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passages 219-220
• Empress Dowager honorific for Former Lord's empress 尊皇后曰皇太后
  Conferred
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 225
• Entered
  Sold into servitude · Mode named-source-report Source Work Brief Account of Wei 魏略
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 229
• AD 223 章武三年五月
  Polity Shu Han 蜀漢 · At Chengdu 成都
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 225

Places and affiliations

• Polity Shu Han 蜀漢 · Relation Ruled
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 225
• At Jing Province 荊州
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 239
• At Chengdu 成都 · Relation Acceded at
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 225
• At Hanzhong 漢中 · Relation Sojourned
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passages 229-230

Works and attributed material

• 政由葛氏，祭則寡人
  Speech · Speaker · With Zhuge Kongming (諸葛孔明)
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 235

Events and relationships

• Hid, entered Hanzhong, sold into servitude
  AD 200 建安中 · Personal · Victim · Mode named-source-report Source Work Brief Account of Wei 魏略
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 229
• Installed as royal crown prince
  AD 219 建安二十四年 · Political · Heir · With Liu Bei (劉備)
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passage 218
• Invested as imperial crown prince; seal conferred by Zhuge Liang
  AD 221 章武元年五月辛巳 · Political · Heir · With Zhuge Kongming (諸葛孔明)
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passages 219-221
• Succeeded at Chengdu age 17; amnesty and reign title change
  AD 223 章武三年五月 · Political · Successor
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passages 225-226

Source notes

• Weilüe claims Shan sold in Hanzhong after Xiaopei separation; Pei Songzhi rejects using Jing birth, Changban rescue, and age seventeen at accession
  Field birth-and-separation · Witness Person Id Pei Songzhi (裴松之)
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passages 237, 245, 249-250
• Pei calculates Jian'an 12 (207) from age 17 at accession; Yu Huan/Weilüe implies birth near Jian'an 5 (200)
  Field birth-year · Witness Person Id Pei Songzhi (裴松之)
  Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 33, passages 241, 247-248