Luo Xian (羅憲) | 24 Histories

Overview

Luo Xian was a general and Official.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Lingze	令則	Lìngzé
Alternate name	Xian	献

Life and dates

Death

AD 270 六年薨
Died
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 62

Age

Value: 13 · Reckoning: Sui
At Event could-compose
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 36

Attested activity

AD 267 三年冬，入朝
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 58
AD 270 六年薨
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 62
AD 264 to AD 265 吴闻蜀败…陆抗等
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 43, 50
AD 268 四年三月，从帝宴
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
AD 265 泰始元年改封西鄂县侯
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 56
AD 258 to AD 263 罗宪字令则…巴东太守
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 34, 38

Show 1 more source-backed claim

AD 263 魏之伐蜀…永安城
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 40

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Luo Meng (羅蒙)
father 父
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 35
Parent of Luo Xi (羅襲)
son 子
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 57

Kinship Role wives-and-children · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 57

Career and standing

Administrator of Wuling and Supervisor of Badong 武陵太守巴东监军
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 55
Deputy to Yan Yu 宇副贰
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 39
General Who Crosses the River 凌江将军
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 54
Gentleman Attendant at Heir's Palace 太子舍人
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 37
Administrator of Badong 巴东太守
Demoted
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 38
General Who Vanquishes the Enemy 冠军将军
Promoted
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 58

Show 4 more source-backed claims

Marquis of Wannian Pavilion 万年亭侯
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 54
Marquis of Xi'e County 西鄂县侯
AD 265 泰始元年 · Transferred
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 56
Lie Marquis 烈侯
Posthumous name
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 62
General Who Pacifies the South 安南将军
Posthumous
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 62

Places and affiliations

Polity Jin 晋 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 54
Polity Shu Han 蜀漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 37, 40
At Xiangyang 襄阳
Strongly inferred · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 34

Learning and skills

Skill literary composition 属文 · Level early-talent
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 36

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 44-45, 52

Events and relationships

Defeated
Military · Commander · With Bu Xie (步協)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 49
Held Yong'an
Military · Defender · At Yong'an 永安城
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 40, 49-50
Relation Recommender of · Person Chang Ji (常忌)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Chen Shou (陳壽)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Gao Gui (高軌)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Chen Yu (陳裕)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59

Show 6 more source-backed claims

Relation Recommender of · Person Fei Gong (費恭)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Lü Ya (呂雅)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Zhuge Jing (諸葛京)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Shou Liang (壽良)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Xu Guo (許國)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59
Relation Recommender of · Person Du Zhen (杜軫)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 59

Assessments and attributes

Assessment upright, austere, generous, tireless with men · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 61

Source notes

excerpt writes 献 versus main text 宪; which is correct is unclear
Field given-name
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 65

References in the histories

Search passages

History

20 passages

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 41Volume 41: Book of Shu 11: Biographies of Huo, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Yang, and Fei · 20 passages

Open chapter

《襄阳记》曰：罗宪字令则。 The Xiangyang ji gives Luo Xian’s style as Lingze.

宪少以才学知名，年十三能属文。 Even as a boy he was known for literary talent and could write polished essays at thirteen.

时黄皓预政，众多附之，宪独不与同，皓恚，左迁巴东太守。 When the eunuch Huang Hao dominated politics, most officials curried favor, but Luo Xian held aloof; Huang Hao exiled him to the governorship of Badong.

时右大将军阎宇都督巴东，为领军，后主拜宪为宇副贰。 General Yan Yu of the right commanded east of Ba while also leading the central army; the emperor named Luo Xian his second-in-command there.

魏之伐蜀，召宇西还，留宇二千人，令宪守永安城。 When Wei invaded Shu, Yan Yu was recalled westward, leaving two thousand men under Luo Xian to hold Yong’an.

寻闻成都败，城中扰动，江边长吏皆弃城走，宪斩称成都乱者一人，百姓乃定。 News of Chengdu’s fall threw the town into panic; riverfront magistrates bolted, but Luo Xian executed a man who spread false rumors of riot, and the people calmed down.

吴闻蜀败，起兵西上，外讬救援，内欲袭宪。 Wu, learning of Shu’s collapse, marched west on the pretext of rescue while intending to seize Luo Xian’s position.

宪曰：“本朝倾覆，吴为脣齿，不恤我难而徼其利，背盟违约。 Luo Xian said, "My dynasty had fallen and Wu, supposedly a close ally, was profiting from Shu’s ruin instead of helping—breaking faith and the treaty.

吴闻锺、邓败，百城无主，有兼蜀之志，而巴东固守，兵不得过，使步协率众而西。 After Zhong Hui and Deng Ai fell, Wu saw a chance to swallow Shu, but Luo Xian’s grip on Badong blocked the route, so Wu sent Bu Xie west with an army.

宪临江拒射，不能御，遣参军杨宗突围北出，告急安东将军陈骞，又送文武印绶、任子诣晋王。 Luo Xian’s bowmen along the river could not hold the line; he sent Yang Zong through the encirclement to Chen Qian and forwarded seals and hostages to the king of Jin.

协攻城，宪出与战，大破其军。 When Bu Xie assaulted the walls, Luo Xian sallied out and shattered his force.

孙休怒，复遣陆抗等帅众三万人增宪之围。 Sun Xiu, furious, sent Lu Kang with thirty thousand more men to tighten the siege.

或说宪奔走之计，宪曰：“夫为人主，百姓所仰，危不能安，急而弃之，君子不为也，毕命於此矣。” When someone urged retreat, he replied that a leader owed the people steadiness in danger; to bolt in a crisis was unworthy of a gentleman, and he would see the defense through here.

陈骞言於晋王，遣荆州刺史胡烈救宪，抗等引退。 Chen Qian persuaded the king of Jin to send Hu Lie from Jingzhou; Lu Kang then lifted the siege.

晋王即委前任，拜宪凌江将军，封万年亭侯。 The king confirmed him in office, named him general who crosses the river, and enfeoffed him as village marquis of Wannian.

会武陵四县举众叛吴，以宪为武陵太守巴东监军。 When four Wuling counties rose against Wu, he was appointed governor of Wuling and army supervisor for east of Ba.

宪遣妻子居洛阳，武帝以子袭为给事中。 He moved his family to Luoyang, and Emperor Wu of Jin gave his son Luo Xi a post as palace attendant.

四年三月，从帝宴于华林园，诏问蜀大臣子弟，后问先辈宜时叙用者，宪荐蜀郡常忌、杜轸、寿良、巴西陈寿、南郡高轨、南阳吕雅、许国、江夏费恭、琅邪诸葛京、汝南陈裕，即皆叙用，咸显於世。 In the third month of the fourth year, he attended the emperor’s banquet in Hualin Park. An edict asked about the sons and younger brothers of Shu’s great ministers, and then about senior men of the previous generation who ought now to be appointed. Luo Xian recommended Chang Ji of Shu Commandery, Du Zhen, Shou Liang, Chen Shou of Baxi, Gao Gui of Nan Commandery, Lü Ya and Xu Guo of Nanyang, Fei Gong of Jiangxia, Zhuge Jing of Langye, and Chen Yu of Runan; all were appointed and all became prominent in their time.

宪还，袭取吴之巫城，因上伐吴之策。 When he came back he struck east, captured the Wu outpost at Wucheng, and followed with a memorial urging a campaign against Wu.

宪方亮严正，待士不倦，轻财好施，不治产业。 He was upright and austere, tireless with his men, generous with his purse, and uninterested in amassing property.