Pei Shu (裴樞) | 24 Histories

Overview

Pei Shu was an official and Statesman.

IdentityHistorical · Male

Roles

Found in

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Jisheng	紀聖	Jisheng
Nickname	Pei the Fourteenth	裴十四

Life and dates

Death

AD 905 六月十一日
Killed · At Baima Post 白馬驛 · Body Treatment thrown into the river · Authority Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠) · From Source Date: Text: 六月十一日 · Western Year: AD 905
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 198
AD 905 天祐中
Execution · At Baima post, Huazhou 滑州白馬驛 · Authority Liu Can (柳璨)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 221
AD 904 天祐元年
Unjust execution
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 14
AD 906 是歲四月
Execution · At White Horse Station 白馬驛
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 5
AD 905 白馬之禍
massacre at Baima 白馬之禍 · At Baima 白馬
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passage 210
AD 905 裴樞等七人賜死白馬驛
Execution · At Baima Station 白馬驛
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71

Age

65
AD 905 六月十一日 · Reckoning Sui
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 198

Attested activity

AD 881 中和初
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 177
AD 894 乾寧初
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 181
AD 905 六月十一日
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 198
AD 871 咸通十二年
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 172
AD 904 哀帝初嗣位
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 191
AD 906 唐天祐三年
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 3

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AD 890 to AD 891 大順中
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 180
AD 905 天祐中
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 221
AD 904 天祐元年
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 14
AD 906 是歲四月
Dated from the passage context · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 5
AD 905 白馬之禍
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passages 209-210
AD 905 裴樞等七人賜死白馬驛
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71
AD 889 龍紀初
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 178

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Sibling of Pei Yin (裴寅)
brother 兄弟 · Full siblings
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 171-172
Child of Pei Xiang (裴向)
son 子
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 172

Key source chapters

Career and standing

Investigating Director of the Bureau of Enfeoffments 檢校司封郎中
AD 881 中和初 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 177
Secretary of Zheng-Hua 鄭滑掌書記
AD 881 中和初 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 177
Proclamation Commissioner to Bian 汴州宣諭使
AD 894 乾寧初 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 181
Right Regular Attendant of the Cavalry 右散騎常侍
AD 894 乾寧初 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 181
Left Vice Director of the Secretariat 尚書左僕射
AD 904 哀帝初嗣位 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 196
Prefect of She 歙州刺史
AD 890 to AD 891 大順中 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 180

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Right Guardian of the Heir Apparent 右庶子
AD 890 to AD 891 大順中 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 180
Drafting Attendant 給事中
AD 889 龍紀初 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 178
Metropolitan Prefect 京兆尹
AD 889 龍紀初 · Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 178
administrative aide 從事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 173
Attending Censor in the Palace 殿中侍御史
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 176
Collator in the Secretariat 秘書省校書郎
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 173
Commissioner of the Great Pure Palace 太清宮使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 190
Diarist 起居郎
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 176
Grand Academician of the Hongwen Hall 弘文館大學士
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 190
Investigating Right Vice Director and Chief Minister 檢校右僕射、同平章事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 187
Magistrate of Lantian 藍田尉
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 173
Military Commissioner of Guangnan 廣南節度使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 187
Minister of Works 工部尚書
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 186
Right Vice Director 右僕射
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 190
Salt and Iron Transport Commissioner of all circuits 諸道鹽鐵轉運使
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 190
Vice Director of the Chancellery 門下侍郎
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 188
Vice Minister of Personnel 吏部侍郎
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 184
Vice Minister of Revenue and Chief Minister 戶部侍郎、同平章事
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 185
Vice Minister of War 兵部侍郎
Appointed
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 183
Grand Master of Palace Leisure and Prefect of Deng 朝散大夫、登州刺史
AD 905 五月 · Demoted to
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 191, 197
Registrar of Long Prefecture 瀧州司戶
AD 905 五月 · Demoted to
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 191, 197
Chancellor 宰相
AD 904 天祐元年 · Held
Dated from the passage context · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 14
Chief Minister 宰相
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 3
Left Vice Director 左僕射
Held
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 5
Minister of Personnel deciding revenue 吏部尚書，判度支
Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 188
on duty at the Hongwen Hall 直弘文館
Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 174
Vice Director in the Ministries of War and Personnel 兵、吏二員外郎
Held
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 177
gold-and-purple insignia 金紫
AD 881 中和初 · Granted
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 177
Entered
AD 904 哀帝初嗣位 · Removed from chief ministry
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 196
Entered
AD 890 to AD 891 大順中 · Implicated demotion
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 180
demoted without crime and executed 無罪貶…賜死
AD 906 是歲四月 · Executed · Authority Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 5
granted death at Baima Station 賜死白馬驛
AD 905 裴樞等七人賜死白馬驛 · Executed · Authority Zhu Wen (朱溫)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71
slandered to death 譖殺
Suffered · Authority Liu Can (柳璨)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 221

Places and affiliations

Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 172
Polity Tang 唐 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passages 14, 221; Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passage 209; New History of the Five Dynasties 35, passage 3
AD 905 天祐中
At Baima post, Huazhou 滑州白馬驛 · Relation Died at
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 221
AD 905 裴樞等七人賜死白馬驛
At Baima Station 白馬驛 · Relation Executed at
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71
Organization Clear Stream 清流 · Relation Self identified as · Mode quotation Speaker Li Zhen (李振)
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71

Learning and skills

Earned
AD 871 咸通十二年 · Credential Presented Scholar 進士
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 172

Works and attributed material

national history 國史
Relation Supervised compilation
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 188
AD 904 哀帝初嗣位
Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation · With Zhang Tingfan (張廷範) · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Pei Shu (裴樞)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 191-192

Events and relationships

Accompanied emperor to Hua
AD 894 乾寧初 · Travel · Attendant · With Emperor Zhaozong (唐昭宗) · At Hua Prefecture 華州
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 181
Accompanied emperor to Luoyang
AD 904 從昭宗遷洛陽 · Travel · Attendant · With Emperor Zhaozong (唐昭宗) · At Luoyang 洛陽
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 190
Accompanied emperor to Shu
AD 880 to AD 881 從僖宗幸蜀 · Travel · Attendant · With Emperor Xizong (唐僖宗) · At Shu 蜀
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 176
Delivered edict
AD 894 乾寧初 · Diplomatic · Envoy · With Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 181, 183
Executed at Baima with six others
AD 905 裴樞等七人賜死白馬驛 · Legal · Victim
Directly stated · New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71
Executed
AD 905 天祐中 · Legal · Victim · At Baima post, Huazhou 滑州白馬驛
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 221

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Killed at Baima
AD 905 白馬之禍 · Massacre · Victim · With Zhao (趙) · At Baima 白馬
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passage 210
Opposed appointment
AD 905 白馬之禍 · Political · Opponent · With Zhang Tingfan (張廷範)
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 60, passage 209
Protected from southern posting
Political · Beneficiary · With Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 188
Withheld appointment
AD 904 哀帝初嗣位 · Political · Opposer · With Zhang Tingfan (張廷範)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 191, 193
AD 871 咸通十二年
Relation Recruited as aide by · Person Du Shenquan (杜審權)
Dated from the passage context · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 172-173
Relation Allied with · Person Cui Yin (崔胤)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 184
Relation Treated as elder brother · Person Zhu Quanzhong (硃全忠)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 182
Relation Favored by · Person Wang Duo (王鐸)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passages 175, 177
Relation Favored by · Person Kong Wei (孔緯)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 179
Relation Recommended by · Person Li Huan (李煥)
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 176

Assessments and attributes

Assessment rose through the rebel's favor and perished when the rebel turned against him—fitting · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Old Book of Tang 117, passage 212

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Old History of the Five Dynasties 18, passage 221; New History of the Five Dynasties 43, passage 71

References in the histories

Search passages

History

27 passages

Old Book of Tang, Chapter 117Volume 113 Biographies 63: Miao Jingqing, Pei Mian, Pei Zunqing · 16 passages

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子樞，字紀聖，咸通十二年登進士第。 His son Shu, courtesy name Jisheng, passed the jinshi examination in Xiantong 12 (871).

宰相杜審權出鎮河中，辟為從事，得秘書省校書郎，再遷藍田尉。 When Chief Minister Du Shenquan went out to command Hezhong, he recruited Shu as administrative aide. Shu was appointed collator in the Secretariat and later promoted twice to magistrate of Lantian.

大學士王鐸深知之，鐸罷相失職，樞亦久之不調。 Grand Academician Wang Duo thought highly of him. When Duo lost the chief ministry and fell from power, Shu too went long without a new appointment.

中和初，王鐸復見用，以舊恩徙為鄭滑掌書記、檢校司封郎中，賜金紫，入朝歷兵、吏二員外郎。 Early in the Zhonghe era Wang Duo returned to power. Out of old friendship Shu was made secretary to the Zheng-Hua command and investigating director in the Bureau of Enfeoffments, granted the gold-and-purple insignia, and after returning to court served as vice director in the ministries of War and Personnel.

大順中，緯以用兵無功貶官，樞坐累為右庶子，尋出為歙州刺史。 In the Dashun era Kong Wei was demoted for military failure. Shu was implicated and made right guardian of the heir apparent, then sent out as prefect of She.

初，樞自歙州罷郡歸朝，路經大梁，時硃全忠兵威已振，樞以兄事之，全忠由是重之。 Earlier, when Shu left his post at She and returned to court, his route took him through Daliang. Zhu Quanzhong's military power was already formidable, and Shu treated him with the deference due an elder brother—whereupon Quanzhong came to esteem him.

及樞傳詔，全忠皆稟朝旨，獻奉相繼，昭宗甚悅，遷兵部侍郎。 When Shu delivered the imperial edict, Quanzhong obeyed the court's every instruction and sent tribute in unbroken succession. Emperor Zhaozong was greatly pleased and promoted Shu to vice minister of war.

時崔胤專政，亦倚全忠，二人因是相結，改樞吏部侍郎。 Cui Yin was then dominant at court and also relied on Quanzhong. The two formed an alliance, and Shu was made vice minister of personnel.

其年冬，昭宗幸華州，崔胤貶官，樞亦為工部尚書。 That winter Emperor Zhaozong went to Hua. When Cui Yin was demoted, Shu was made minister of works.

天子自岐下還宮，以樞檢校右僕射、同平章事，出為廣南節度使。 When the emperor returned to the capital from Qi, Shu was made investigating right vice director and chief minister, then sent out as military commissioner of Guangnan.

制出，硃全忠保薦之，言樞有經世才，不可棄之嶺表，尋復拜門下侍郎，監修國史，累兼吏部尚書，判度支。 When the appointment was issued, Zhu Quanzhong intervened on his behalf, declaring that Shu possessed talent to govern the realm and should not be banished to the far south. Shu was soon made vice director of the Chancellery, put in charge of compiling the national history, and eventually also minister of personnel with charge of revenue.

崔胤誅，以全忠素厚，相位如故。 After Cui Yin was executed, Shu retained his chief ministry unchanged, thanks to his long-standing ties with Quanzhong.

哀帝初嗣位，柳璨用事，全忠嘗奏用牙將張廷範為太常卿，諸相議，樞曰：「廷範勛臣，幸有方鎮節鉞之命，何藉樂卿？ When Emperor Aidi first took the throne, Liu Can was in power. Quanzhong once recommended his military officer Zhang Tingfan as director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. The chief ministers deliberated, and Shu said, 'Tingfan is a meritorious officer who may yet receive a regional command—why does he need the directorship of the Court of Sacrifices?

俄而全忠聞樞言，謂賓佐曰：「吾常以裴十四器識真純，不入浮薄之伍，觀此議論，本態露矣。」 When Quanzhong heard of Shu's words he told his staff, 'I always thought Pei the Fourteenth was genuinely upright and would never join the frivolous crowd—but this opinion shows his true colors.'

柳璨聞全忠言，尋希旨罷樞相位，和陵祔享，拜尚書左僕射。 Liu Can, hearing Quanzhong's anger, soon had Shu removed from the chief ministry in accord with his wishes. At the joint offering at He Mausoleum Shu was made left vice director of the Secretariat.

樞因盜而振，盜憎而亡，宜哉！ Shu rose through the rebel's favor, and when the rebel turned against him he perished—as was only fitting!

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 18Volume 18 Book of Later Liang 18: Biographies 8: Zhang Wenyu, Xue Yiju, Zhang Ce, Du Xiao, Jing Xiang, Li Zhen · 2 passages

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時柳璨在相位，擅權縱暴，傾陷賢俊，宰相裴樞等五家及三省而下三十餘人，鹹抱冤就死； Liu Can then dominated the court, abused power, and destroyed the worthy: Chancellor Pei Shu and four other families, with more than thirty men from the Three Departments, all died unjustly.

天祐中，唐宰相柳璨希太祖旨，譖殺大臣裴樞、陸扆等七人於滑州白馬驛。 In Tianyou the Tang chancellor Liu Can, courting the Founder, slandered to death seven ministers including Pei Shu and Lu Yi at Baima post in Huazhou.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 60Volume 60 Book of Later Tang 36: Biographies 12: Li Xiji, Wang Jian, Li Jingyi, Lu Rubi, Li Dexiu, Su Xun · 2 passages

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初，梁祖欲以張廷範為太常卿，裴樞以為不可。 At first the Liang Founder wished to name Zhang Tingfan Minister of Ceremonies; Pei Shu opposed it.

柳璨懼梁祖之毒，乃歸過於樞，故裴、趙罹白馬之禍。 Liu Can, fearing the Founder's wrath, shifted blame onto Shu; thus Pei and Zhao suffered the massacre at Baima.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 35Volume 35 Biographies 15: Zhan Wenyu, Yang She, Zhang Ce, Zhao Guangfeng, Xue Yiju, Su Xun · 6 passages

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初，唐天祐三年，梁王欲以嬖吏張廷範為太常卿，唐宰相裴樞以謂太常卿唐常以清流為之，廷範乃梁客將，不可。 In Tang’s third Tianyou year the Prince of Liang wanted his favorite Zhang Tingfan as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness; Chief Minister Pei Shu said that post belonged to the pure stream, not a Liang guest-general.

梁王由此大怒，曰：「吾常語裴樞純厚不陷浮薄，今亦為此邪！」 The Prince of Liang raged: “I called Pei Shu pure and solid—yet now he does this too!”

是歲四月，彗出西北，掃文昌、軒轅、天市，宰相柳璨希梁王旨，歸其譴於大臣，於是左僕射裴樞、獨孤損、右僕射崔遠、守太保致仕趙崇、兵部侍郎王贊、工部尚書王溥、吏部尚書陸扆皆以無罪貶，同日賜死於白馬驛。 That fourth month a comet swept the northwest heavens; Liu Can pleased Liang by blaming the ministers; Pei Shu, Dugu Sun, Cui Yuan, Zhao Chong, Wang Zan, Wang Pu, and Lu Yi were demoted without crime and executed the same day at White Horse Station.

使樞等不死，尚惜一卿，其肯以國與人乎？ Had Shu and the rest lived, they would have fought over one post—would they have surrendered the realm?

雖樞等之力未必能存唐，然必不亡唐而獨存也。 They might not have saved Tang—but they would never have let Tang fall while they alone survived.

柳璨殺裴樞等七人，蔓引朝士，輒加誅殺，縉紳相視以目，皆不自保，文蔚力講解之，朝士多賴以全活。 When Liu Can killed Pei Shu and six others and hunted courtiers, gentry exchanged fearful glances; Wenwei argued for mercy, and many owed him their lives.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 43Volume 43 Miscellaneous Biographies 23: Shi Shucong, Li Yanwei, Li Zhen, Pei Di, Wei Zhen, Kong Xun, Sun Dezhao, Wang Jingrao, Jiang Yin · 1 passage

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振嘗舉進士咸通、乾符中，連不中，尤憤唐公卿，及裴樞等七人賜死白馬驛，振謂太祖曰：「此輩嘗自言清流，可投之河，使為濁流也。」 Zhen had failed the civil exams again and again under Xiantong and Qianfu and hated Tang grandees. When Pei Shu and six others were executed at Baima Station he told the Founder: “They called themselves the Clear Stream—throw them in the river and let them be the muddy flow.”