Sengge Rinchen (僧格林沁)

Overview

Sengge Rinchen was a prince of Horqin and General.

Life and dates

Death

AD 1865 同治四年 context
Died in battle · At Caozhou 曹州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 391, passage 117
AD 1865 同治四年
Killed in battle · At Caozhou 曹州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 438, passage 39
AD 1865 同治四年
Killed in battle · At Shandong 山東
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 191
AD 1865 同治四年
died in battle 戰歿
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 415, passage 70
AD 1865 同治四年四月
Killed in battle · At Caozhou 曹州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 70
AD 1865 王果戰歿曹州
At Caozhou 曹州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 187

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Killed in action
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 440, passage 69

Attested activity

AD 1860 咸豐十年夏
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 78
AD 1854 咸豐四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 62
AD 1858 咸豐八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73
AD 1854 to AD 1871 AD 1854-1871
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 254
AD 1853 三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 174
AD 1853 三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 55

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AD 1841 二十一年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 11
AD 1863 二年，僧格林沁大軍至，始平之
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 125
AD 1865 僧格林沁
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passages 185, 203
AD 1860 十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 387, passage 26; Draft History of Qing 441, passages 115, 118
AD 1864 同治三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 438, passage 25; Draft History of Qing 461, passages 11-12
AD 1863 同治二年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 133, passage 167; Draft History of Qing 440, passages 68-69
AD 1862 同治元年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 423, passage 85
AD 1862 同治元年十月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 113
AD 1865 同治四年 context
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 391, passage 117
AD 1865 同治四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 191; Draft History of Qing 415, passage 70; Draft History of Qing 438, passages 39, 89
AD 1865 同治四年四月
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 411, passage 70
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passages 26, 67
AD 1853 咸豐三年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 104
AD 1853 to AD 1855 咸豐三年至五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 398, passage 104
AD 1859 咸豐九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 52
AD 1859 咸豐九年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 389, passage 141
AD 1855 咸豐五年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 90, passages 153-155; Draft History of Qing 139, passage 154; Draft History of Qing 423, passage 46
AD 1855 咸豐五年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 36
AD 1858 咸豐八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 75
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Dated from the passage context · Draft History of Qing 386, passages 56, 66; Draft History of Qing 468, passage 55
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passages 80, 83
AD 1851 to AD 1865 咸豐同治間
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 7
AD 1854 咸豐四年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 27
AD 1860 咸豐間
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 133
AD 1863 會僧格林沁督師剿沛霖
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 164

Key source chapters

Career and standing

prince in charge of coastal defense 辦理海防
AD 1858 咸豐八年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73
deputy general-in-chief 大將軍副
AD 1853 咸豐三年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 104
commanding general 統兵大臣
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 133, passage 167
participating minister 參贊大臣
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 155
Khorchin prince 科爾沁郡王
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 104
Prince of Horqin 科爾沁親王
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 153; Draft History of Qing 141, passage 62; Draft History of Qing 411, passage 70

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Prince of Horqin 科爾沁郡王
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 26
Prince of Khorchin 科爾沁親王
Held
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73

Places and affiliations

Qing 清
Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 133, passage 167
Qing 清
Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 154
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Strongly inferred · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 153; Draft History of Qing 388, passages 191, 231, 254
Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 62; Draft History of Qing 386, passage 56; Draft History of Qing 387, passage 26; Draft History of Qing 405, passages 133, 185, 203; Draft History of Qing 411, passage 70; Draft History of Qing 429, passage 113; Draft History of Qing 432, passages 125, 164; Draft History of Qing 461, passage 12; Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73
AD 1858 咸豐八年
At Tianjin 天津 · Relation Posted to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73
At Gaotang 高唐 · Relation Campaigned at
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 153

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At Khorchin 科爾沁 · Relation Enfeoffed at
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73

Works and attributed material

Secret memorial urging Rehe
AD 1860 咸豐十年 · Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 56
Memorial · Author · With Xianfeng Emperor (咸豐帝)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 62
Memorial · Author
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 133, passages 167-175

Events and relationships

Bombarded rebels at Mengcheng
AD 1864 同治三年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 461, passage 12
Campaigned
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 440, passage 64
Defeated at Tianjin
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 405, passage 133
Defeated rebels
AD 1855 咸豐五年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 36
Directed defense
AD 1858 咸豐八年 · Military · Commander · At Tianjin / Dagu 天津海口
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73
Embrace audience on return
Ritual · Honoree · At Hall of Mental Cultivation 養心殿 · With Wenzong (文宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 154

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Guarded capital from Tongzhou
AD 1853 咸豐三年 · Military · Commander · At Tongzhou 通州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 26
Joint attack at Lianzhen
AD 1854 咸豐四年 · Military · Commander · With Senggebao (勝保)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 27
Ordered to expand Manchu firearms brigade formations
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 139, passage 154
Pacified Gaotang rebellion
AD 1855 咸豐五年 · Military · Commander · At Gaotang 高唐
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 153
Received seal
AD 1860 咸豐十年夏 · Military · Commander · At Dagu 大沽 · With Yue Shan (樂善)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 494, passage 78
Repelled British at Dagu
AD 1859 咸豐九年 · Military · Commander · At Dagu 大沽
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 389, passage 141
Repelled British at Dagu
AD 1859 咸豐九年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 388, passage 52
Requisitioned unfit Chakhar war horses
AD 1854 咸豐四年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 62
Supervised suppression
AD 1863 會僧格林沁督師剿沛霖 · Military · Commander · With Miao Peilin (苗沛霖)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 164
Suppress rebels at Tianjin
AD 1853 三年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 174
Suppressed Nian
AD 1854 咸豐四年 · Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 141, passage 62
Suppressed Nian
Military · Commander
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 460, passage 7
Suppressed
AD 1863 二年，僧格林沁大軍至，始平之 · Military · Commander · With Miao Peilin (苗沛霖)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 125
Urged withdrawal to Rehe
AD 1860 咸豐十年 · Political · Memorialist
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 386, passage 56
Relation Commander suppressing · Person Miao Peilin (苗沛霖)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 164
Relation Suppressor of · Person Miao Peilin (苗沛霖)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 432, passage 125
Relation Honored by · Person Wenzong (文宗)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 154
Relation Superior of · Person Yu Jichang (餘際昌)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 113

Assessments and attributes

Assessment commended Yu Jichang's courage · With Yu Jichang (餘際昌) · Mode named-person Source Person Id Sengge Rinchen (僧格林沁)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 113
Assessment retained-command-by-battlefield-prestige · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 392, passage 118
Item Nekunisu gleaming blade 訥庫尼素光刀 · Relation Bestowed then returned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 155
Item participating minister's seal 參贊大臣關防 · Relation Issued then returned
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 90, passage 155

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 385, passage 174; Draft History of Qing 386, passage 56; Draft History of Qing 494, passage 73

References in the histories

Search passages

History

52 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 90Volume 90 Treatises 65: Rites 9, Jun Li · 1 passage

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咸豐五年，科爾沁親王僧格林沁平高唐亂。 In the fifth year of Xianfeng, the Prince of Horqin Sengge Rinchen pacified the rebellion at Gaotang.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 133Volume 133 Treatises 108: Military 4, Local Militia · 1 passage

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是年，統兵大臣僧格林沁疏言：「各省練團築寨，本以助守望而禦寇盜，為權宜補救之法。 That year commanding general Sengge Rinchen memorialized: 'Provincial militia stockades were meant to help with watch duty and repel bandits—a temporary expedient.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 139Volume 139 Treatises 114: Military 10, Training · 1 passage

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又令僧格林沁等增滿洲火器營操演陣式。 Senggelinqin was also told to expand Manchu firearms brigade formations.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 141Volume 141 Treatises 116: Military 12, Horse Administration · 1 passage

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咸豐四年，科爾沁親王僧格林沁剿捻，檄取察哈爾戰馬六百匹，不堪乘用，奏聞。 Xianfeng 4 (1854) Prince Senggelinqin of Horqin, fighting the Nian, requisitioned 600 Chakhar war horses—they proved unrideable, and he reported it.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 385Volume 385 Biographies 172: Du Shoutian Son: Han, Qi Junzao Son: Shi Zhang, Weng Xincun, Peng Yunzhang · 1 passage

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未幾，賊犯天津，僧格林沁率師進剿，命順天府設糧台。 Soon rebels threatened Tianjin; Sengge Rinchen marched out and Shuntian set up a grain bureau.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 386Volume 386 Biographies 173: Wen Qing, Wen Xiang, Bao Yun · 3 passages

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十年，英法聯軍犯天津，僧格林沁密疏請幸熱河。 In the tenth year the Anglo-French allies advanced on Tianjin, and Senggelinqin secretly urged the court to withdraw to Rehe.

又疏言僧格林沁兵力單薄，勝保所部新募未經行陣。 He also reported that Senggelinqin's force was too thin and that Sheng Bao's newly raised men had never been under fire.

既恃僧格林沁保障畿輔，必得良將勁卒為贊助，薦副都統富明阿、總兵成明隸其軍； Because the court relied on Senggelinqin to guard the capital approaches, he needed able generals and seasoned troops as support; Wen Xiang recommended Vice Banner Commander Fuming'a and Brigadier Cheng Ming for his army;

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 387Volume 387 Biographies 174: Zong Shisushun, Mu Yin, Kuang Yuan, Jiao Youying, Chen Fuen · 2 passages

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十年，英法聯軍又來犯，僧格林沁拒戰屢失利，復遣桂良等議和。 In 1860 the allied armies returned; Sengge Rinchen fought them repeatedly but lost again and again, and Guiliang and others were once more dispatched to negotiate.

三年，粵匪擾河南、直隸，京師戒嚴，命偕僧格林沁、花沙納、達洪阿辦理京旗各營巡防事宜。 In 1853, when rebels from Guangdong ravaged Henan and Zhili and the capital was put on alert, he was ordered with Sengge Rinchen, Huashana, and Da Hong'a to organize patrol and defense for the metropolitan banner forces.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 388Volume 388 Biographies 175: Gui Liang, Rui Lin Son: Huai Tabu, Guan Wen, Wen Yu · 12 passages

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賊竄正定、定州、深州、河間、天津，勢剽甚，於是桂良率提督張殿元守保定，科爾沁郡王僧格林沁統大兵駐通州衛京師，勝保督師進剿。 The rebels swept through Zhengding, Dingzhou, Shenzhou, Hejian, and Tianjin with great ferocity. Gui Liang held Baoding with Regional Commander Zhang Dianyuan; Prince Senggelinqin of Horqin camped at Tongzhou with the main army to shield the capital; and Shengbao led the pursuit.

四年，大捷於獨流鎮，賊走踞阜城，又走連鎮，僧格林沁、勝保會攻，賊分竄山東，勝保追擊之。 In Xianfeng 4 the Qing won a major victory at Duliuzhen. The rebels withdrew to Fucheng, then to Lianzhen. Senggelinqin and Shengbao attacked jointly; when the rebels split and fled into Shandong, Shengbao pursued.

五年，僧格林沁連大破賊，賊首林鳳祥、李開芳先後就擒伏誅，畿輔肅清。 In Xianfeng 5 Senggelinqin won a series of crushing victories. Rebel commanders Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang were captured and executed in turn, and the capital region was cleared.

九年，回京，僅美利堅一國遵換通商之約，英軍复犯大沽，僧格林沁預設備，兵至，擊退之。 In Xianfeng 9 he returned to Beijing. Only the United States honored the revised trade treaty. When the British attacked Dagu again, Senggelinqin's prepared defenses drove them off.

時粵匪竄畿輔，踞靜海縣及獨流鎮，命瑞麟率兵從僧格林沁防剿，會攻獨流，克之。 When the rebels raided the capital region and held Jinghai and Duliuzhen, Rui Lin was ordered to campaign with Senggelinqin; their joint assault captured Duliuzhen.

僧格林沁移師天津，分駐要隘。 Senggelinqin moved his army to Tianjin and posted detachments at key points.

僧格林沁屢戰失利，敵軍進通州，瑞麟偕勝保御之八里橋，左右夾擊，勝保傷砲墜馬，軍潰，敵遂逼京師。 After Senggelinqin's repeated defeats the enemy advanced on Tongzhou. Rui Lin and Shengbao met them at Baliqiao in a pincer attack, but Shengbao was wounded by cannon fire and thrown from his horse, the army collapsed, and the enemy pressed toward Beijing.

是年冬，和議成，予侍郎銜，隨僧格林沁剿山東捻匪。 That winter, after peace was made, he was restored to vice-minister rank and joined Senggelinqin against the Shandong Nian rebels.

四年，僧格林沁剿捻戰歿於山東，詔追論前年發、捻擾湖北，官文不能就地殲除，僅驅出境，以致蔓延益熾，下嚴議，降三級調用，改革職留任，褫宮銜、花翎。 In Tongzhi 4 Senggelinqin was killed fighting the Nian in Shandong. The court reviewed the previous year's Taiping-Nian raids on Hubei: Guan Wen had failed to destroy them locally and merely drove them out, allowing the rebellion to spread. He was severely censured, demoted three ranks while kept in office, and stripped of palace rank and peacock feathers.

九年，英兵犯大沽，為僧格林沁擊退。 In Xianfeng 9 the British attacked Dagu and were driven off by Senggelinqin.

二年，僧格林沁奏調赴營差遣，尋授鑲黃旗蒙古副都統。 In Tongzhi 2 Senggelinqin requested his transfer to camp service, and he soon became vice commander of the Mongol Bordered Yellow Banner.

瑞麟從僧格林沁勦賊防夷，曾著勞勚。 Rui Lin campaigned with Senggelinqin against rebels and foreigners and once rendered notable service.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 389Volume 389 Biographies 176: Bai Jun, Lin Kui, Rui Chang, Quan Qing · 2 passages

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時英兵犯大沽，僧格林沁擊卻之。 When British forces attacked Dagu, Sengge Rinchen drove them back.

應請速簡重臣，發勁旅，嚴近畿海口之備，為僧格林沁之援，令廣東義勇搗香港以牽其援兵，登州水師合旅順以截其歸路，然後國威可振，撫局可成。」 He urged that a senior minister be sent with strong reinforcements to fortify the capital's ports and support Sengge Rinchen; that Guangdong volunteers strike Hong Kong to tie down enemy reinforcements; and that the Dengzhou fleet join Lüshun to cut their retreat—only then could prestige be restored and peace secured."

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 391Volume 391 Biographies 178: Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong · 1 passage

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僧格林沁戰歿曹州，棠階以朝廷賞多罰少，疆臣每存藐玩，上疏極言其弊，於是有申飭直省督撫之諭。 After Sengge Rinchen fell at Caozhou, Tangjie argued that too many rewards and too few punishments made frontier governors careless; his memorial led to an edict rebuking provincial governors.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 392Volume 392 Biographies 179: Sai Shang A, Ne Er Jing E · 3 passages

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二十一年，海疆戒嚴，詔赴天津、山海關勘築砲台，复偕御前大臣僧格林沁查閱海口。 In the twenty-first year (1841), with the coast on war footing, he was ordered to Tianjin and Shanhaiguan to survey and build batteries, and again accompanied Imperial Commissioner Sengge Rinchen in inspecting the river mouths.

命惠親王綿愉為大將軍，科爾沁郡王僧格林沁副之，勝保督師前敵追剿。 Prince Mianyu of the First Rank was made general-in-chief, with Khorchin Prince Sengge Rinchen as his deputy and Sheng Bao commanding the pursuit at the front.

惟僧格林沁猶以勳望膺其任，不復輕以中樞閣部出任師幹，即有時親籓遙領，亦居其名不行其實。 Only Sengge Rinchen still took such commands, by virtue of his battlefield prestige; the court no longer lightly sent Grand Council and ministry officials to lead armies, and even when imperial princes nominally supervised campaigns from afar, they held the title without exercising real command.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 398Volume 398 Biographies 185: Zong Shixianghou, Huo Longwu, Fu Zhu Hong A, En Zhang, Chen Shengyuan, Qi Suzao, Chen Kerang, Liu Tongying, Rui Chang, Jie Chun, Xi Ling A · 1 passage

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尋從僧格林沁、勝保勦賊畿輔。 He soon joined Senggelinqin and Shengbao in campaigns against the rebels in the capital region.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 405Volume 405 Biographies 192: Ceng Guofan · 5 passages

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僧格林沁敗績天津，文宗狩熱河，國籓聞警，請提兵北上，會和議成，乃止。 Sengge Rinchen was defeated at Tianjin; Emperor Xianfeng fled to Rehe; Zeng Guofan, hearing the alarm, asked to march north with his army, but when peace was made he desisted.

僧格林沁征討數年，亦未能大創之。 Sengge Rinchen campaigned for years yet could not inflict a crushing blow.

國籓聞僧軍輕騎追賊，一日夜三百餘裡，曰：「此於兵法，必蹶上將軍。」 Zeng Guofan heard that Sengge Rinchen's army pursued rebels with light cavalry more than three hundred li in a day and night, and said, "By the art of war this must bring the commanding general to ruin."

僧格林沁嘗週曆五省，臣不能也。 Sengge Rinchen once toured five provinces; your servant cannot do that.

山東、河南民習見僧格林沁戰，皆怪國籓以督兵大臣安坐徐州，謗議盈路。 The people of Shandong and Henan, used to Sengge Rinchen fighting in the field, resented Zeng Guofan, a commander-in-chief, sitting quietly at Xuzhou, and slander filled the roads.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 411Volume 411 Biographies 198: Li Hongzhang · 1 passage

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四年四月，科爾沁親王僧格林沁戰歿曹州，以曾國籓為欽差大臣，督其軍。 In the fourth month of the fourth year Prince Sengge Rinchen of Horqin was killed in battle at Caozhou; Zeng Guofan was appointed Imperial Commissioner to take command of his army.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 415Volume 415 Biographies 202: Huang Yisheng, Ding Yifang, Wang Ji, Wu Jiabang, Li Chengmou, Li Chaobin, Jiang Fushan, Liu Peiyuan · 1 passage

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會僧格林沁戰歿，捻氛益熾，犯雉河，翼升駛援，賊又走。 After Sengge Rinchen's death the Nian flared hotter and struck Zhihe; Yisheng sailed to help and they scattered again.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 423Volume 423 Biographies 210: Zong Jichen, Yin Gengyun, Wang Zheng, Mu Jixianga, You Baichuan, Shen Huai · 2 passages

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咸豐五年，粵匪犯畿輔，惠親王綿愉為大將軍，僧格林沁參贊軍務，闢耕雲佐幕府，上書論防務，為文宗所知。 In the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855), when Taiping forces threatened the capital region, Prince Hui Mianyu was named commander-in-chief with Sengge Rinchen as his deputy. Gengyun joined the staff, wrote on defense, and won the attention of the Xianfeng Emperor.

同治元年，率部卒五千，從僧格林沁平金樓寨教匪，又偕提督張曜克張岡捻巢，以道員記名，賜花翎。 In the first year of Tongzhi (1862) he led five thousand men with Sengge Rinchen against the sect rebels at Jinlou Stockade, then with Brigadier Zhang Yao captured the Nian base at Zhanggang. He was noted for promotion to intendant and awarded the peacock feather.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 429Volume 429 Biographies 216: Jiang Zhongyi, Zhou Kuanshi, Shi Qingji, Yu Jichang, Lin Wencha, Zhao Deguang, Zhang Wende · 1 passage

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僧格林沁嘉其勇，令充翼長，從剿渦河，斬賊渠楊興太等。 Sengge Rinchen commended his courage, made him a wing commander, and sent him against the Guo River bandits, where he cut down the ringleader Yang Xingtai and others.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 432Volume 432 Biographies 219: Xiao Qijiang, Zhang Yunlan, Tang Xunfang, Jiang Ningxue, Chen Shi, Li Yuandu · 2 passages

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二年，僧格林沁大軍至，始平之。 In 1863 Sengge Rinchen's main force arrived and at last suppressed him.

會僧格林沁督師剿沛霖，凝學克霍丘各圩，水師分駐三河尖、臨淮關，進破黃梁集，克潁上，收附近城各圩，斬賊黨苗呆和、苗呆花，复懷遠。 When Sengge Rinchen took command against Peilin, Ningxue cleared the stockades around Huoqiu; the fleet held Sanhejian and Linhuaiguan; he stormed Huangliangji, took Yingshang, brought in the surrounding stockades, killed Miao partisans Miao Daihe and Miao Daihua, and recovered Huaiyuan.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 438Volume 438 Biographies 225: Yan Jingming, Zhang Zhiwan, Lu Chuan Lin, Lin Shaonian · 3 passages

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前者僧格林沁奏稱不宜專用南勇，啟輕視朝廷之漸。 Earlier Senggelinqin had memorialized that one should not rely exclusively on southern braves, lest this foster a gradual tendency to look down on the court.

四年，僧格林沁戰歿曹州，賊勢張，益趨張秋南，將犯省城。 In the fourth year Senggelinqin was killed in battle at Caozhou. Rebel strength surged and they pressed increasingly south of Zhangqiu, threatening the provincial capital.

僧格林沁戰歿曹州，督兵大臣皆獲咎。 When Senggelinqin was killed in battle at Caozhou, the grand coordinators of troops were all held accountable.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 440Volume 440 Biographies 227: Ying Gui, Zong Shizailing, En Cheng, Zong Shifukun, Chong Li, Yu De · 2 passages

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隨僧格林沁勦賊，賞四品京堂。 He accompanied Sengge Rinchen in campaigns against the rebels and was rewarded with the rank of fourth-grade Beijing official.

以僧格林沁遇害，坐革職。 When Sengge Rinchen was killed in action, En Cheng was punished by dismissal from office.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 441Volume 441 Biographies 228: Pan Zuyin, Li Wentian, Sun Yijing, Xia Tongshan, Zhang Jiaxiang, Zhang Yinglin, Zhang Renfu, Zhang Hengjia · 1 passage

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又以北塘之役，僧格林沁軍退頓通州，桂良再就議款，同善建言敵情叵測，宜專任僧格林沁備戰守：敕並依行。 After the Beitang affair, when Sengge Rinchen's army withdrew to Tongzhou and Gui Liang again negotiated terms, Tongshan memorialized that the enemy's intentions were unpredictable and that Sengge Rinchen alone should be charged with defense preparations; both recommendations were adopted.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 460Volume 460 Biographies 247: Zuo Baogui Younger Brother: Bao Xian, Yong Shan, Deng Shichang, Liu Buchan, Lin Taiceng, Dai Zongqian · 1 passage

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後以游擊從僧格林沁討捻，積勳至副將。 Later, as a guerrilla officer under Sengge Rinchen in the campaign against the Nian rebels, he rose by accumulated merit to vice commander.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 461Volume 461 Biographies 248: Song Qing, Lv Benyuan, Xu Bangdao, Ma Yukun, Yi Ke Tang A, Rong He, Zhang Shun · 1 passage

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會僧格林沁軍至，轟擊之，寇宵遁。 Senggelinqin's troops arrived and opened a heavy bombardment; the rebels slipped away under cover of night.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 468Volume 468 Biographies 255: Chong Qi Son: Bao Chu Deng, Zhi Jun, Yan Mao Younger Brother: Yan Zhi, Se Pu Zheng E, Wang Yirong, Xi Yuan, Zong Shibaofeng, Zong Shishoufu Younger Brother: Shou Fandeng, Song Chengxiang, Wang Tieshan · 1 passage

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旋從僧格林沁剿捻，斬馘甚眾。 He soon followed Sengge Rinchen in suppressing the Nian rebels and killed many in battle.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 494Volume 494 Biographies 281: Loyal and Righteous 8 · 2 passages

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議未定，艦隊集天津海口，朝命科爾沁親王僧格林沁辦理海防。 While talks remained unsettled the allied fleet gathered off Tianjin; the court ordered Prince Sengge Rinchen of Khorchin to take charge of coastal defense.

十年夏，艦隊复集天津大沽口，提督樂善奉命駐兵大沽，至則以關防交僧格林沁，令所部原留者聽，得千馀人，誓死守。 In the summer of the tenth year (1860) the fleet gathered again off Dagu; Commander Yue Shan was ordered to hold Dagu; on arrival he turned his seal over to Sengge Rinchen, kept only those of his men who chose to stay—about a thousand—and swore to die defending the post.