Sun Fangjian (孫方簡)

Overview

The translated histories identify Sun Fangjian as a clan leader, general, military officer, and official. This record brings together 12 passages from 3 chapters across 2 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Sun Fangjian	孫方簡	Sun Fangjian
Given name	Fangjian	方諫
Surname	Sun	孫
Personal name	Sun Fangjian	孫方諫	Sun Fangjian
Personal	Sun Fangjian	孫方諫	Sun Fangjian
Personal name	Sun Fangjian	孫方諫

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:102:s0123, xinwudaishi:009:s0161
Sex: male
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0117

Roles

Clan Leader
General
Military Officer
Official
Rebel
Religious Leader

Life and dates

Death

Place: Luoyang / 洛陽 · Age: 62 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 世宗攻太原 · Western Year: AD 956
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0128

Age

Age: 62 · Reckoning: sui · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 卒於洛陽 · Western Year: AD 956
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0128

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 三年夏六月 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:009:s0161
Source Date: Text: 世宗攻太原 · Western Year: AD 956
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0128
Source Date: Text: 乾祐二年 · Western Year: AD 949
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:102:s0123
Source Date: Text: 周太祖入立 · Western Year: AD 951
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0127
Source Date: Text: 契丹滅晉 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0123
Source Date: Text: 晉出帝時 · Western Year: AD 944
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0121
Source Date: Text: 漢高祖 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0125, xinwudaishi:049:s0126
Source Date: Text: 辛亥，易州戍將孫方諫及契丹諧裏戰於狼山， · Western Year: AD 945
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:009:s0133

Family

Kin of Shenyi (深意)
Kinship Term: clan relative / 族人 · Parentage: claimed · Subject Role: kinsman · Object Role: kinswoman
Kinship Term: clan relative / 族人 · Parentage: claimed · Subject Role: kinswoman · Object Role: kinsman
Sibling of Sun Xingyou (孫行友)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger · Subject Role: younger-brother · Object Role: elder-brother
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: elder · Subject Role: elder-brother · Object Role: younger-brother

Career and standing

Label: military commissioner of Yiwu / 義武軍節度使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 契丹滅晉 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0123
Label: roving patrol commissioner / 遊奕使 · Action: appointed · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 晉出帝時 · Western Year: AD 944
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0121
Label: military commissioner of Yiwu / 義武軍節度使 · Action: restored · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢高祖 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0126
Label: Kuangguo commission / 匡國 · Action: transferred
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0128
Title: Grand Preceptor / 太師 · Action: posthumously-granted
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0128
Status: defector · Action: submitted-to-khitan · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年夏六月 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0161

Places and affiliations

Label: Khitan / 契丹 · Relation: submitted-to
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0161
Place: Qingyuan in Zheng prefecture / 鄭州清苑
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0117
Place: Zhenguo / 鎮國 · Relation: transferred-to · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 周太祖入立 · Western Year: AD 951
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0127
Place: Langshan / 狼山 · Relation: rebelled-at
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0161

Learning and skills

Belief: Buddhism / 佛法 · Relation: practitioner
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0120

Events and relationships

Kind: diplomacy · Role: defecting-client · Action: opened-relations-with-Khitan
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0122
Kind: military · Role: rebel · Action: rebelled-and-defected · Place: Langshan / 狼山 · Counterpart: Khitan / 契丹 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 三年夏六月 · Western Year: AD 946
Explicit · xinwudaishi:009:s0161
Kind: refusal · Role: refuser · Action: refused-transfer-to-Yunzhong
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0124
Kind: military · Role: submitter · Action: seized-Ding-and-submitted-to-Han · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 漢高祖 · Western Year: AD 947
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0126
Kind: succession · Role: successor · Action: succeeded-nun-as-fort-leader · Other Person Id: Shenyi (深意)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:049:s0120

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 102Volume 102 Book of Later Jin 4: Emperor Yin Annals 2 · 1 passage

Open chapter

是日，定州孫方簡、徐州劉赟並加同平章事，以利州節度使宋延渥為滑州節度使。 That day, Sun Fangjian of Ding Prefecture and Liu Yun of Xuzhou were both made Grand Councilors, and the Lizhou military governor Song Yanwo was appointed military governor of Hua Prefecture.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 9Volume 9 Later Jin Annals 2: the Emperor That Fled · 2 passages

Open chapter

辛亥，易州戍將孫方諫及契丹諧裏戰於狼山，敗之。 On xinhai Sun Fangjian, garrison commander of Yizhou, met the Khitan Xieli at Langshan and routed him.

夏六月，孫方諫以狼山叛附於契丹。 In the sixth month Sun Fangjian rebelled at Langshan and went over to the Khitan.

New History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 49Volume 49 Miscellaneous Biographies 29: Di Guangye, Feng Hui, Huang Fuhui, Tang Jingsi, Wang Jin, Chang Si, Sun Fangjian · 9 passages

Open chapter

孫方諫 Sun Fangjian

孫方諫，鄭州清苑人也。 Sun Fangjian came from Qingyuan in Zheng prefecture.

尼姓孫氏，方諫自以為尼族人，即繼行其法，堡人推以為主。 The nun was surnamed Sun; Fangjian claimed her clan, carried on her practices, and the fort folk made him their leader.

晉出帝時，義武軍節度使惡方諫聚徒山中，恐為邊患，因表以為遊奕使。 Under Jin’s Last Emperor the Yiwu commissioner hated Fangjian for gathering men in the hills and feared border trouble; he memorialized to make him roving patrol commissioner.

方諫因有所求不得，乃北通契丹。 When a request went unanswered, Fangjian turned to the Khitan in the north.

契丹後滅晉，以方諫為義武軍節度使。 The Khitan later destroyed Jin and made Fangjian military commissioner of Yiwu.

已而徙方諫於雲中，方諫不受命，率其徒復入狼山。 Soon they moved him to Yunzhong; he refused and led his band back into Langshan Fort.

方諫聞之，自狼山入，據之以歸漢，高祖嘉之，即拜方諫義武軍節度使。 Fangjian marched out of Langshan, seized the city, and submitted to Han; Gaozu praised him and at once restored him as Yiwu commissioner.

世宗攻太原，方諫朝於行在，從還京，至洛得疾，徙鎮匡國，卒於洛陽，年六十二，贈太師。 When Shizong attacked Taiyuan, Fangjian came to the imperial camp, followed him home, fell ill at Luoyang, was moved to Kuangguo, and died there at sixty-two; he was posthumously made Grand Preceptor.