Overview
Wanyan Heda was a Jin General.
Other names
| Type | English | Chinese | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Courtesy name | Jingshan | 景山 | Jǐngshān |
Life and dates
Death
- AD 1232 九年正月丁酉Killed after the city fell when northern troops dug him out of a cave room · At Jun Prefecture 鈞州Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 114, 124
Attested activity
- AD 1217 興定元年正月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 16
- AD 1218 興定二年正月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 18
- AD 1219 興定三年正月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 19
- AD 1220 興定四年正月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 25
- AD 1220 興定四年十月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 26-29
- AD 1216 貞祐四年十一月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 13
Show 40 more source-backed claims
- AD 1221 興定五年十一月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 35-41
- AD 1216 貞祐四年十二月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 14-15
- AD 1221 興定五年十二月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 42
- AD 1219 興定三年三月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 20-22
- AD 1219 興定三年四月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 23
- AD 1221 興定五年五月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 30-34
- AD 1219 興定三年六月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 24
- AD 1215 貞祐三年六月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 10-12
- AD 1217 興定元年七月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 17
- AD 1215 貞祐三年Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 5-9
- AD 1230 明年庚寅秋Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passages 7-8
- AD 1218 to AD 1222 after 歲庚寅Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 193, passage 14
- AD 1230 七年七月庚寅朔Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 66
- AD 1230 七年正月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 145
- AD 1232 三峰山之敗Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 221-222
- AD 1226 三年Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 64
- AD 1232 丙申Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 197, 201
- AD 1232 九年正月丁酉Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 114, 123-124
- AD 1232 九年正月癸未Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 179
- AD 1223 二年二月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 58
- AD 1222 元光元年正月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 43, 49-50
- AD 1231 八年九月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 85
- AD 1231 八年十二月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 147, 152
- AD 1231 八年正月Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 146
- AD 1225 八月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 62
- AD 1229 六年二月丙辰Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 139
- AD 1222 六月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 53
- AD 1231 十一月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 86, 90
- AD 1231 十二月丙子Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passages 32, 35
- AD 1230 十月己未朔Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 70, 73
- AD 1227 四年二月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 65
- AD 1232 四年壬辰Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 2, passage 36
- AD 1232 壬辰春Dated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passages 40, 48, 55
- AD 1231 庚辰Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 175
- AD 1231 戊辰Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 109
- AD 1225 正大二年七月Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passage 60
- AD 1224 to AD 1232 正大間Directly stated · History of Jin 131, passage 157
- AD 1231 甲戌Dated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 157, 161-163
- AD 1231 禹山之捷Strongly inferred · History of Jin 112, passage 220
- AD 1213 貞祐初Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 4
Key source chapters
- History of Jin, Chapter 112 Volume 112 Biographies 50: Wanyan Heda, Yi Lapua 47 passages
- History of Yuan, Chapter 115 Volume 115 Biographies 2: Ruizong, Yuzong, Xianzong, Shunzong 7 passages
- History of Jin, Chapter 131 Volume 131 Biographies 69: Huan Zhe, Liang Chong, Song Gui, Pan Shouheng, Fang Ji, Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, Li Qingsi, Ji Tianxi, Zhang Yuansu, Ma Guizhong, Wu Zhen Son: Kang, Li Mao, Hu Dexin 1 passage
- History of Yuan, Chapter 2 Volume 2 Annals 2: Taizong, Dingzong 1 passage
- History of Yuan, Chapter 193 Volume 193 Biographies 80: Loyal and Righteous Acts 1 1 passage
Origins and identity
- Ethnicity Jurchen 女真Strongly inferred · History of Jin 112, passage 2
- Clan Wanyan 完顏Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 2
Career and standing
- chief councilor / branch secretariat commander 二相Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 85, 111
- general 將Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 222
- imperial guard 親衛軍Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 4
- Jin great general 金大將Directly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 32
- regional commander 行省Directly stated · History of Jin 131, passage 157
- prefect of Yan'an 知延安府事AD 1221 興定五年五月 · Appointed while retaining previous postsDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 30
Show 32 more source-backed claims
- military commandant in the army 軍中都統Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 7
- concurrent observation commissioner within Gong Prefecture 兼鞏州管內觀察使AD 1217 興定元年正月 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 16
- overall commander of troops and horses on the Fuyan Circuit 鄜延路兵馬都總管AD 1218 興定二年正月 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 18
- prefect of Yan'an 知延安府事AD 1218 興定二年正月 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 18
- right deputy army supervisor under the marshal 元帥右都監AD 1219 興定三年正月 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 19
- concurrent observation commissioner within He Prefecture 兼河州管內觀察使AD 1217 興定元年七月 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 17
- Linhuang Prefecture judge 臨潢府推官AD 1215 貞祐三年 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 5
- provisional right deputy army supervisor under the marshal 權元帥右監軍AD 1215 貞祐三年 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 5
- vice director of the Bureau of Military Affairs 樞密副使AD 1230 七年七月庚寅朔 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 66
- chief councilor of the Secretariat 平章政事AD 1227 四年二月 · AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 65
- military commissioner of the Zhennan Army 鎮南軍節度使Appointed · At Yidu 益都Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 14
- special commissioner and overall army controller 宣差都提控AppointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 14
- acting marshal headquarters at Tang and Deng 行元帥府事于唐、鄧AD 1219 興定三年六月 · HeldDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 24
- Manager of Governmental Affairs 平章政事AD 1229 六年二月丙辰 · HeldDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 139
- Grand Councilor 平章HeldDirectly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 7
- army controller 提控PromotedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 7
- right deputy army supervisor under the marshal 元帥右都監AD 1220 興定四年正月 · ReappointedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 25
- military commissioner of the Pingxi Army 平西軍節度使AD 1217 興定元年七月 · ReassignedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 17
- chief councilor of the Secretariat 平章政事AD 1230 七年七月庚寅朔 · RemovedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 66
- Pingliang Branch Secretariat 平涼行省AD 1226 三年 · Transferred toDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 64
- military commissioner of the Tongyuan Army 通遠軍節度使AD 1217 興定元年正月 · TransferredDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 16
- Duke of Rui 芮國公AD 1227 四年二月 · GrantedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 65
- promotion in rank for preserving Fengxiang 以保鳳翔之功進官AD 1223 二年二月 · GrantedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 58
- hereditary company commandership 世襲謀克AD 1230 十月己未朔 · GrantedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 74
- advanced three official ranks 進官三階GrantedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 14
- achievement announced to Henan commanders 以合達之功遍諭河南帥臣ProclaimedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 40
- merit of preserving Yan'an 保延安功RecognizedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 42
- Duke of Rui 芮國公AD 1227 四年二月 · EnfeoffedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 65
- EnteredAD 1215 貞祐三年六月 · SurrenderedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 10
- beheading of several dozen ringleaders 斬首惡數十人ExecutedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 52
- execution of mutiny ringleaders 誅首亂者OrderedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 9
- nearly executed Gao Ying 幾斬英Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 162
Places and affiliations
- AD 1216 貞祐四年十一月Polity Jin 金 · Relation Returned toDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 13
- Polity Jin 金 · Relation Served
- Polity Jin 金 · Relation ServedStrongly inferred · History of Jin 112, passage 222
- AD 1220 興定四年正月At Yan'an 延安 · Relation Encamped atDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 25
- AD 1215 貞祐三年At Pingzhou 平州 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 6
- AD 1230 七年正月At Wenxiang 閿鄉 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 145
Show 8 more source-backed claims
- AD 1226 三年At Pingliang 平涼 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 64
- AD 1231 八年十二月At Deng Prefecture 鄧州 · Relation EnteredDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 147
- AD 1232 壬辰春At Junzhou 鈞州 · Relation Fled toDirectly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 48
- AD 1231 甲戌At Mount Yu 禹山 · Relation Fought atDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 157, 161
- At Dengzhou 鄧州 · Relation DefendedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 115, passages 32, 35
- At Jun Prefecture 鈞州 · Relation Died atDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 124
- At Wenxiang 閿鄉 · Relation Posted toDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 75
- At Yidu 益都 · Relation Stationed atDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 14
Learning and skills
- Skill archery and horsemanship 弓馬 · Level trained from youthDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 3
Works and attributed material
- AD 1225 八月Proclamation · AuthorDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 62
- AD 1222 六月Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 53-56
- AD 1231 甲戌Deliberation · Participant · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 165-166
- AD 1231 甲戌Order · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 157
- Edict · Addressee · Speaker 上 · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 24
- Memorial · Author · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 31-33
Show 2 more source-backed claims
- Memorial · AuthorDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 49
- Speech · Speaker · Direct quotationDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 36
Events and relationships
- Abandoned jingzhao and went eastAD 1231 八年正月 · Military · Branch secretariat commander · At Jingzhao 京兆Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 146
- Ambushed northern cavalryAD 1232 九年正月 · Military · Commander · At Deng Prefecture road 鄧州道Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 182-184
- AmbushedMilitary · Commander · At west of Dengzhou 鄧州之西 · Force Size more than two hundred thousand 二十餘萬Directly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 32
- Armies of both branch secretariats routed at Three Peak Mountain in YangzhaiAD 1232 九年正月丁酉 · Military · Commander · At Three Peak Mountain 三峰山Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 114, 122
- Armies of both secretariats entered Deng and dispatched Liu TianshanDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 87
- Army collapsed at Three PeakAD 1232 九年正月 · Military · Commander · At Three Peak Mountain 三峰Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 211-212
Show 69 more source-backed claims
- Asked andemuDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 152
- Attacked PingyangMilitary · Attacker · At Pingyang 平陽Directly stated · History of Yuan 193, passage 14
- Attacked Xia on Zhutian MountainDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 26-29
- Beheaded chiliarchAD 1231 甲戌 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 163
- Bought cattle and resettled farmersAdministrative · Administrator · At Yan'an 延安Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 61
- Campaigned againstDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 62
- CapturedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 55
- Concentrated at Deng and encamped at Shunyang on the first day of the twelfth monthMilitary · CommanderDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 94
- Could not withstand the Celestial DynastyAD 1232 三峰山之敗 · Military · Commander · At Three Peak Mountain 三峰山 · Mode historian-judgmentDated from the passage context · History of Jin 112, passages 221-222
- Court, not yet knowing of his death, issued a handwritten edict and recruited men to searchDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 125
- Debated hezhong affairsAD 1231 八年正月 · Political · Summoned official · At Luoyang post station 洛陽驛Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 146
- Deceived about victoryAD 1231 禹山之捷 · Military · Branch secretariat commander · At Mount Yu 禹山 · Counterparts Pu'a (蒲阿) · Outcome Led to ruin of the state · Mode historian-judgmentStrongly inferred · History of Jin 112, passage 220
- Defeated SongMilitary · Commander · At Maling Fort 馬嶺堡 · Outcome Captured 100 horsesDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 21
- Defended Ansaibao with MaizhuDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 35
- Entered Deng for provisionsAD 1231 庚辰 · Military · Commander · At Deng Prefecture 鄧州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 175
- Fasted and prayed for rainAD 1225 正大二年七月 · Ritual · Supplicant · At Shaanxi 陝西Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 60
- Fled with several hundred cavalry to Jun Prefecture, failed to escape the gate, hid in a cave roomMilitary · Fugitive · At Jun Prefecture 鈞州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 124
- FledMilitary · Fugitive · At Junzhou 鈞州 · Outcome Few hundred horsemen leftDirectly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 48
- Fought before Mount Yu; northern army fell back slightlyDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 110
- Fought at Yanan and was seriously woundedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 41
- Fought repeatedlyDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 15
- Fought then surrenderedAD 1215 貞祐三年六月 · Military · Commander · At Pingzhou 平州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 10
- Fought Xia at LongAD 1219 興定三年四月 · Military · Commander · At Long Prefecture 隆州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 23
- Gave twenty bottles of wineDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 178
- Held western frontierDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passage 7
- Jin army marched east from Deng, fought while marching, halted in fog, reached Three Peak Mountain and was routedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 115, 117-118, 120-122
- Joint branch secretariatAD 1230 七年正月 · Administrative · Branch secretariat official · At Wenxiang 閿鄉 · With Yila Pu'a (移剌蒲阿)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 145
- Knew the cause was lost and wished to dismount and fight, but Pu'a had vanishedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 123
- Led troops and prefecture people back to JinAD 1216 貞祐四年十一月 · Return · CommanderDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 13
- Left Wanyan Chen Heshang south of Wenxiang and marched onDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 90
- Lifted siegeAD 1230 十月己未朔 · Military · Commander · At Wei 衛Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 73
- Marched from Deng toward capitalAD 1232 九年正月癸未 · Military · Commander · At Deng Prefecture 鄧州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 179
- Night raid routed XiaMilitary · Commander · At Ansaibao 安塞堡Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 37
- Ordered no battleAD 1231 甲戌 · Military · Commander · At Mount Yu 禹山Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 157
- Ordered to relieveDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 70
- Ordered to retakeMilitary · Commander · At Jia Prefecture 葭州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 50
- Ordered to return and hold PingzhouCaptivity · Taken northDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 11
- Pacified prefecture as promisedAD 1225 八月 · Administrative · Pacifier · At Gong Prefecture 鞏州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 63
- Paraded armyAD 1232 九年正月壬午朔 · Military · Commander · At Deng city 鄧城Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 177
- Prepared defenseMilitary · Commander · At Tong Pass 潼關Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 75
- Proposed Chen Heshang seize heightsDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 201
- PursuedDirectly stated · History of Yuan 115, passage 40
- Recalled to courtAD 1229 六年二月丙辰 · Court · OfficialDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 139
- RetookMilitary · Commander · At Hezhong 河中Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 59
- Returned to Shaanxi after autumn defense and sent a limited force through LengshuiguMilitary · Chief councilor · At Shaanxi 陝Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 85
- Routed Song and capturedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 20
- Seized Hexi livestockAD 1232 辛卯 · Military · Commander · At Crow Route 鴉路Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 188
- Seized Sha River bridgeAD 1232 癸巳 · Military · Commander · At Sha River 沙河Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 189
- Sent envoys across the seaDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 12
- Set out on the guimao day of the previous month, leaving Yang Woyan at WenxiangDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 88
- Suppressed mutinyMilitary · Commander · At Fu Prefecture 鄜州Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 52
- Took command of Qizhu armyDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 8
- Took Macheng and captured officialsDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 22
- Two branch secretariats abandoned Jingzhao and with Yaguta moved residents to HenanDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 84
- Understood enemy intentionAD 1231 甲戌 · Military · CommanderDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 161
- Wanted further deliberationAD 1232 丙申 · Political · AddresseeDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 197
- With Pu'a reported a great victory by express courier after Mount YuDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 111
- WithdrewAD 1230 明年庚寅秋 · Military · CommanderDated from the passage context · History of Yuan 115, passage 8
- AD 1213 貞祐初Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 4
- Relation Requested joint defense with · Person Ba Sa (白撒)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 56
- Relation Colleague of · Person Yila Pu'a (移剌蒲阿)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 85, 111, 123
- Relation Served under · Person Wulind Qizhu (烏林答乞住)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 7
- Relation Superior of · Person Wanyan Chen Heshang (完顏陳和尚)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 90
- Relation Proposed consultation with · Person Maizhu (買住)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 49
- Relation Coordinated with · Person Menggugang (蒙古綱)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 14
- Relation Recommended by · Person Zhang Xingxin (張行信)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 129
- Relation Commanded · Person Fan Ze (樊澤)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 27
- Relation Recommender of · Person Li Mao (李懋)Directly stated · History of Jin 131, passage 157
- Relation Co commander of · Person Pu'a (蒲阿)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 165, 167, 197
Assessments and attributes
- Assessment could inspire men to fight to the death for him · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 3
- Assessment entrusted because of talent and ability · Mode quoted-speech Speaker 上Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 24
- Assessment fine general but unequal to the Celestial Dynasty's campaign · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 222
- Assessment has spent years in the field; placing him in the Secretariat at a time of crisis misuses his strengths · Mode named-source-report Speaker Pu'a (蒲阿)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 67
- Assessment knew the enemy well, skilled in formations, valued honor over wealth, shared hardship with his men, distributed captives or booty at once, led from the front; troops gladly served him · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 128
- Assessment northern army proclaimed Jin relied only on the Yellow River and Heda, that Heda had been killed, and that Jin should surrender · Mode quoted-speechDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 126-127
Show 9 more source-backed claims
- AD 1225 正大二年七月Assessment people erected a stone monument in praise of his virtue · Mode historian-judgmentDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 60
- Assessment Wanyan Heda is the finest general of our time · Mode quoted-speech Speaker Zhang Xingxin (張行信)Directly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 129
- seriously wounded at Yan'anInjuryDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 41
- AD 1221 興定五年十一月Item fifty taels of gold and ten bolts of heavy silk 金五十兩、重幣十端 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 38
- AD 1221 興定五年十二月Item one gold belt, one jade gyrfalcon plaque, and ten bolts of heavy silk 金帶一、玉吐鶻一，重幣十端 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 42
- AD 1223 二年二月Item gold coins 金幣 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 58
- AD 1223 二年二月Item rhinoceros-horn belt 通犀帶 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 58
- AD 1230 十月己未朔Item fine horses and jade belts 良馬玉帶 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 74
- Item gold tally 金符 · Relation BestowedDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 7
Source notes
- some said he had fled to JingzhaoField fate-after-rout · Mode rumorDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passage 125
- Historicity historicalDirectly stated · History of Jin 112, passages 2, 157, 222; History of Yuan 115, passage 7
References in the histories
57 passages
No matching passages.