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Overview Names Identity Roles Life and dates Origins and identity Career and standing Places and affiliations Works and attributed material Events and relationships Assessments and attributes References in the histories
Overview The translated histories identify Ward as a general and military officer. This record brings together 28 passages from 2 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names Type English Chinese Pinyin
Personal
Ward
華爾
Hua Er
Personal
Ward
華爾
Huá Ěr
Personal name
Ward
華爾
Native language
Ward
Given
爾
Ěr
Surname
華
Huá
Identity
Historicity Historical
Identification Named
Sex Male Life and dates Death Attested activity Source Date: Text: 同治元年Western Year: AD 1862
Source Date: Text: 同治初Western Interval: Start: AD 1862End: AD 1863
Source Date: Text: 咸豐十年Western Year: AD 1860
Career and standing Label: American army officer / 其國將弁
Label: Western officer / 西將
Label: commander of Indian troops / 領印度兵Action: appointed
Label: vice general rank / 副將銜Action: promoted
Label: fourth-rank peacock feather / 四品翎頂Action: awarded
Label: temples at Ningbo and Songjiang / 寧波、松江建祠Action: granted
Status: dismissedAction: cashiered
Places and affiliations Label: Qing / 清Relation: served
Label: United States / 美國Relation: origin
Place: New York / 紐約
Place: Shanghai / 上海Relation: fled-to
Place: Songjiang / 松江Relation: posted-to
Organization: Ever Victorious Army / 常勝軍Relation: commander-of
Works and attributed material Events and relationships Kind: militaryRole: commanderAction: defended-Songjiang-against-massed-rebels
Kind: militaryRole: commanderAction: mortally-wounded-at-Cixi
Kind: military ·
Role: commander ·
Action: retook-Jiading ·
Other Person Id: Hope (何伯) Kind: militaryRole: commanderAction: retook-Qingpu
Kind: militaryRole: commanderAction: retook-Songjiang
Kind: militaryRole: commanderAction: victory-at-Gaoqiao
Assessments and attributes Assessment: foreign general whose tactics were widely discussedProvenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Assessment: remarkable intelligence workProvenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Item: map of Nanjing / 金陵城圖Relation: possessed
References in the histories Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 435 Volume 435 Biographies 222: Hua Er, Lei Bo Lei Dong, Fa Er Di Fu, Ge Deng, Ri Yi Ge, De Ke Bei, He De, Bo Li · 27 passages
華爾勒伯勒東法爾第福戈登日意格德克碑赫德帛黎
Ward, Lebrethon, Foudrinière, Gordon, Giquel, von Sternberg, Hart, and Brière
華爾，美國紐約人。
Ward was an American from New York.
蘇松太道吳煦識其才，言於美領事，獲免，以是德之，原效力，俾領印度兵。
Wu Xu, intendant of the Suzhou-Songjiang-Taicang circuit, recognized his ability, appealed to the American consul to spare him arrest, and won his lasting loyalty; Ward volunteered to serve and was put in command of Indian soldiers.
華爾誡曰：「有進無止，止者斬！」
Ward warned his men: "Keep moving forward—anyone who stops will be executed!"
賊迎戰，槍砲雨下，令伏，無一傷者。
The rebels met them with a storm of musket and cannon fire; Ward ordered his men to drop flat, and not one was hit.
賊敗入城，躡之同入，巷戰，斬黃衣賊數人。
The rebels broke and retreated into the city; Ward followed them in, fought street by street, and killed several of their yellow-coated officers.
賊遁走，遂復松江，華爾亦被創。
The rebels fled, Songjiang was retaken, and Ward himself was wounded in the fight.
先是煦與華爾約，城克，罄賊所有以予。
Xu had earlier promised Ward that if the city fell, Ward would receive everything the rebels left behind.
令守松江，又募練洋槍隊五百，服裝器械步伐皆效西人。
Ward was left to hold Songjiang and raised five hundred more men for a foreign-rifle corps, trained in Western dress, arms, and drill.
華爾以五百人御之，被圍，乃分其眾為數圓陣，陣五重，人四鄉，最內者平立，以次遞俯，槍皆外指。
Ward met them with five hundred men, was surrounded, and formed several concentric circles five ranks deep, the inner ranks standing upright and the outer ranks kneeling in turn, every rifle pointed outward.
華爾居中吹角，一響眾應，三發，死賊數百。
Ward stood at the center and blew his bugle; at one call the whole line fired three volleys and killed several hundred rebels.
時浦東賊據高橋，偪上海，華爾約英、法兵守海濱，而自率所部進擊，賊大敗，加四品翎頂。
Rebels on the Pudong shore held Gaoqiao and menaced Shanghai; Ward posted British and French troops along the coast while he led his own men in a assault that routed the enemy, for which he was awarded the fourth-rank peacock feather.
會李鴻章帥師至滬，乃隸戲下，令立常勝軍，益募兵三千俾教練，參將李恆嵩副之，餉倍發。
When Li Hongzhang brought his army to Shanghai, Ward entered his service; Li formed the Ever Victorious Army, added three thousand recruits for Ward to drill, appointed Assistant General Li Hengsong as his second, and doubled the corps' pay.
賊據王家寺，與英提督何伯等合攻。
The rebels held Wangjia Temple, and Ward attacked it jointly with British Admiral Hope and his forces.
華爾賈勇先入，大斬虜首，進偪南翔，賊亦悉眾轟拒，何伯負傷。
Ward led the charge and cut down many rebels, then pressed toward Nanxiang; the enemy met him with their full artillery, and Hope was wounded.
華爾冒煙直進，立毀其營，生獲八百餘人，遂復嘉定。
Ward pushed straight through the smoke, overran the camp at once, took more than eight hundred prisoners, and retook Jiading.
規取青浦，華爾略東門，城潰；
In the drive on Qingpu, Ward assaulted the east gate and the wall gave way;
英、法兵自西入，華爾為承。
British and French troops entered from the west while Ward supported them.
華爾方議直搗金山衛，聞敗，還守青浦。
Ward had been planning a direct strike on Jinshanwei when news of the defeat reached him, and he fell back to defend Qingpu.
官軍圖青浦，華爾攻南門，駕輪舶入濠，毀城十餘丈，麾眾登堞，賊鬥且走，追敗之白鶴江黃渡，復其城，晉副將銜，降敕褒賞。
When the government forces moved on Qingpu, Ward assaulted the south gate, brought a steamer into the moat, breached more than thirty feet of wall, and led his men onto the ramparts; the rebels fought a fighting retreat; he pursued and routed them at Baihe River and Huangdu, retook the city, was promoted to vice general, and received an imperial commendation.
俄偽慕王譚紹光復來犯，薄西門，與總兵黃翼升各軍擊之，賊潰，奔北岸，華爾毀其七營。
Soon the Taiping commander Tan Shaoguang attacked again and pressed the west gate; Ward joined Major General Huang Yisheng's forces in driving the rebels back across the north bank and destroying seven of their camps.
其秋，賊十萬复犯上海，華爾自松江倍道應赴，與諸軍擊卻之。
That autumn a rebel host of one hundred thousand struck at Shanghai again; Ward rushed from Songjiang by forced marches and, with the other armies, beat them off.
時寧波戒嚴，巡道史致諤乞援，鴻章遣華爾偕往。
Ningbo was then under martial law; Circuit Intendant Shi Zhi'e appealed for help, and Li Hongzhang dispatched Ward to his aid.
華爾約西兵駕輪舶三，一泊灌浦，一泊赭山，一自丈亭駛入太平橋、餘姚四門鎮，而自率軍數百至半浦。
Ward coordinated three steamers with Western troops: one at Guanpu, one at Zhushan, and one sailing from Zhangting toward Taiping Bridge and Simen in Yuyao, while he led several hundred men to Banpu.
華爾至郡城，猶能叱其下卹軍事，越二日始卒。
Ward was brought to the prefectural seat and still gave orders about military affairs; he died two days later.
初，喪歸，煦檢其篋，得金陵城圖，賊所居處及城垣丈尺方位纖悉畢具，論者頗稱其機密雲。
When Ward's body was brought back, Xu examined his trunk and found a detailed map of Nanjing showing rebel quarters and the exact dimensions and layout of the walls; contemporaries praised his remarkable intelligence work.
論曰：華爾、戈登先後領常勝軍，立功江、浙，世稱「洋將」，時傳其戰略。
The commentators observe: Ward and Gordon led the Ever Victorious Army in turn, won fame in Jiangsu and Zhejiang as "foreign generals," and their tactics were widely discussed.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 467 Volume 467 Biographies 254: Li Bingheng, Wang Tingxiang, Nie Shicheng, Luo Rongguang, Shou Shan Zu Sun : Rui Chang, Feng Xiang, Chong Yu · 1 passage